Global Terrorism Traditional Motives: • Gain Independence or Political Freedom

• Expel Foreigners or their influences • Cause Change in Society • Preserve Religious or Cultural Beliefs

Primary Goal: • Destruction of what they consider to be an Evil Force

Popular Methods: • Acts of Extreme Violence High Jacking and Kidnapping Bombings & Explosive Devices (IED’s)

Traditional Targets:

Crowded Places (Airports, Malls, Stadiums, etc.) Government Buildings (Embassies, Courts, etc.) Religious Sites (Church, Mosque, Synagogue, etc.)

• Locations with large gatherings of innocent civilians

Recent Developments: Biological & Chemical terrorism Cyber-terrorism (Computers & Internet) Narco-terrorism (Prescription & Illegal Drugs)

Global Terrorism ORGANIZATIONS INFLUENCED BY ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICTS

KEY ISSUE:

HOMELAND FOR THE

PALESTINIANS

1. ISLAMIC JIHAD

2. HAMAS

3. HEZBOLLAH

EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION INFLUENCED BY BRITISH CONTROL & RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCE

IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY (IRA)

ORGANIZATION FORMED TO OPPOSE OUTSIDE WESTERN INFLUENCES

AL-QAEDA KEY LEADER: OSAMA BIN LADEN

Global Terrorism RELIGIOUS CULT THAT WANTS TO GAIN CONTROL OF JAPAN

AUM SHINRIKYO “SUPREME TRUTH”

NON-TERRORIST POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS CONNECTED TO TERRORISM

PLO

LEFT-WING GUERILLA GROUP THAT SUPPORTS NACRO-TERRORISM

REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF

COLUMBIA

TALIBAN

Global Terrorism:

Munich (1972) Summer Olympics

• “Black September”

• Palestinian Liberation Front (PLF of the PLO)

• 11 Members of the Israeli Olympic team taken hostage

• Terrorists demand release of political prisoners in Israel

• Terrorists demand recognition of Palestine as free state

• Terrorists demand helicopters to transport hostages

• Gun battle ensues at Munich Airport

• 5 Terrorists and all 11 hostages are killed in firefight

Global Terrorism: Pan-American Flights (1970’s & 1980’s)

• Dec 17, 1973: Pan-Am Flight 110 is attacked by Palestinian Terrorists in Rome (PLO)

• Terrorists fired automatic weapons & threw hand grenades while approaching the plane

• 29 Passengers died (All 11 in First Class, 4 Moroccan Delegates, and the Captain’s Wife)

• Aug 11, 1982: Pan-Am Flight 830 is Bombed over the Pacific

• Bomb placed under seat cushion kills 16 year old teenager

• Plane landed safely in Hawaii (15 people seriously injured)

• Bomber belonged to militant “15 May Organization” (PLO)

• Dec 21, 1988: Pan-Am Flight 103 is blown up over Lockerbie, Scotland

• 243 Passengers & 16 Crewmembers died in crash

• 11 People on the ground killed by falling debris

• Muammar Gaddafi of Lybia given credit for attack

Global Terrorism: Marine Corps Barracks Bombings in Beirut

(23 Oct 1983)

• French Military Barracks (French 1st Parachute Regiment)

• Both attacked within two minutes of each other

• Both attacks used vans filled with 12,000 pounds of TNT

• Suicide bombers were members of the “Islamic Jihad”

• 241 American Service members died (220 Marines, 18 Navy)

• Largest single day loss of U.S. military personnel since WWII

• 58 French Paratroopers died

• Resulted in withdrawal of UN Peacekeepers in Lebanon

Global Terrorism: Subway Gas Attack in Tokyo (29 Mar 1995)

• Sarin Gas Attack in Subway on March 20, 1995

• Japan’s “Supreme Truth” Cult

• Determined to eliminate western (U.S.) influences in Japan (restore traditional values)

• Sarin Gas (developed by the Nazis) is odorless, colorless, and tasteless

• It Causes heart & respiratory failure, seizures, paralysis, and coma

• Subway ventilation system helped reduce casualties

• 12 died and about 3,000 were injured

• 135 Medical Personnel were hospitalized due to a lack of protective equipment

Global Terrorism: Federal Building Bombing in Oklahoma City

(19 Apr 1995)

• Timothy McVeigh (Ex-Army)

• Anti-Government Militia

• Filled rental truck with 5,000 lbs of uranium nitrate (like C4)

• Parked truck in front of building

• Explosion killed 168 and wounded over 800

• Debris was found throughout city

• Rescue efforts involved volunteers from ever state in the U.S.

• Child found alive in rubble after three days

Global Terrorism:

Khobar Towers Bombing in Saudi Arabia

(25 Jun 1996)

•U.S. Air Force Barracks

• Sewage Truck packed with 20,000 lbs of explosives

• Saudi Hezbollah “Party of God in the Hijaz”

• Force foreign (U.S.) influences out of Arabia

• 19 U.S. Service members killed & 1 Saudi

• 372 people injured (multiple nationalities)

• U.S. Coalition forces were moved to Prince Sultan Air Base where better security was available

Global Terrorism: U.S. Embassy Bombings in East Africa

(7 Aug 1998)

• Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya • Coordinated attacks using explosive packed trucks • Suicide bombers detonated explosives around 10:30 am • First attacks attributed to Osama bin Laden & Al Qaida • 223 killed & 4,000 wounded in the combined attacks

Global Terrorism: U.S.S. Cole Bombing in the Port of Yemen

(12 Oct 2000)

• Anchored in the port of Yemen at 10:30 am

• Small boat was allowed to approach ship at 11:18 am

• Bomb containing about 700 lbs of explosives

• 40 x 40 foot gash created in the side of the ship

• Blast hit ship’s galley during lunchtime

• 17 sailors were killed and 39 were seriously injured

• Osama bin Laden (Al Qaida)

Global Terrorism: World Trade Center Bombing in New York

(26 Feb 1993)

• Car containing 1,500 pounds of uranium- nitrate was parked in underground garage • Explosion rocked both towers, cut off emergency power, and sent smoke up elevator shafts & stairwells to 92nd floor

• 6 people killed & 1,042 injured • Osama bin Laden & Al Qaida

• Demanded the end of U.S. aid & diplomatic relations with Israel

Global Terrorism: High-jackings & Attacks (11 Sep 2001)

• Four terrorist cells high-jacked four airliners

American Airlines flight 11 (8:46 in North Tower) United Airlines flight 175 (9:03 in South Tower) American Airlines flight 77 (9:37 in the Pentagon) United Airlines flight 93 (Crashed in Pennsylvaina)

• 19 terrorists and 246 passengers died in the attacks

• 2,606 died in the area of the Twin Towers

• 184 died in the Pentagon

• 403 Rescue workers died

• Osama & Al Qaida