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Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save Human Lives in 2070 Motoyoshi Ikeda Graduate School of Environmental Science

Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

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Page 1: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

Global Warming

and Beyond Kyoto Protocol:

Save Human Lives in 2070

Motoyoshi Ikeda

Graduate School of Environmental Science

Page 2: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

Key points

• Six urgent issues: ENERGY, GLOBAL WARMING,

BIODIVERSITY, FOOD PRODUCTION, WATER

SUPPLY and HEALTH.

• The primary cause in the SOCIETAL SYSTEM

• Efforts of resolving one issue

⇒ an opposite impact on the others

• The issues in complicated relationship

Page 3: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

大事な点

• 6つの緊急課題:エネルギー、地球温暖化、生物多様性、食糧生産、水資源、健康

• 根底には社会システム

• 個別の課題を解決する努力

⇒他への悪影響

• 諸課題の間には複雑な関係がある

Page 4: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

IPCC (Forth Assessment Report)

Page 5: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

Atmosphere (750 x 10**9 ton)

Ocean

(40000 x 10**9 ton)

Terrestrial

(600 x 10**9 ton)

Anthropogenic

6 x 10**9

Global Carbon (Dioxide) Cycle

existing amount and annual flux

90 x

10**

9

50 x

10**9

92 x

10**9

51 x

10**9

Page 6: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

大気(7500億トン)

海洋(40兆トン)

陸域(6000億トン)

人為起源(60億トン)

地球上の炭素存在量と循環(年あたり)

900億トン

500億トン

920億トン

510億トン

Page 7: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

Net Ecosystem Production in various prediction models

Page 8: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited
Page 9: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

Under investigation

Page 10: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

取組中

Page 11: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

Feedbacks among Urgent Issues

Water resource

Global warming Biodiversity

Energy

Food

Industrial development

Globalization

Health

Once each issue gets worse, it worsens the others.

Can we solve all issues at once?

Page 12: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

水資源確保

地球温暖化 生物多様性

エネルギー資源

食糧問題

人口増加途上国が先進国に

世界が直面している課題

健康被害

ひとつの課題が悪化すると他の課題も深刻化するひとつの課題の解決が他の課題も解決する?

Page 13: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

Feedbacks among Urgent Issues

Water resource

Global warming Biodiversity

Energy

Food

Industrial development

Globalization

Health

However, we try to solve one issue,

but often make others worse.

Page 14: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

水資源確保

地球温暖化 生物多様性

エネルギー資源

食糧問題

人口増加途上国が先進国に

世界が直面している課題

しかし人間の浅知恵でひとつの課題を解決しようとすると、さらに他の課題の解決を難しくする

34

健康被害

Page 15: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

(1)Tree with

higher carbon fixation

Lower biodiversity

(2)More food, Water resource

Saline soil, Health problem

Less food

(3)Oil price up

Ethanol from soybean and corn

Food price up, Forest destruct

(4)Environ. technology transfer

Higher competition

Rich-poor distinction

in developed countries

Page 16: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

(1)炭素固定能の高い樹木

生物多様性の低下

(2)食糧生産・水資源確保

塩害で土壌劣化・健康被害↓

食糧生産低下

(3)石油価格高騰

大豆・さとうきびからエタノール↓

食糧価格高騰・森林破壊

(4)途上国へ技術移管

競争激化↓

先進国内の格差拡大

Page 17: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

Natural-Societal System Feedback

Ecosystem change

Carbon emission

Production Energy efficiency

Lifestyle changeTech. developFood supply

World peace, Well being

+

+

Global warming

+

Natural

System

Social

System

Happy LoopSad Negative

Loop -Sad Positive

Loop+

+

+

+

+ +

+

+

-+ +

Page 18: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

全球自然・社会システムフィードバック

生態系劣化

炭素排出

人口・工業生産 エネルギー効率

生活スタイル改革技術革新食糧生産

世界平和・健康

+

+ +

+

+ +

+

+

温暖化

+

自然システム

社会システム

幸福連鎖負の不幸連鎖 -正の不幸連鎖-

+

+

+

Page 19: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

Beyond Kyoto Protocol

• What will come in 2050-2100?

• The global population has increased by a factor of

2.4 in last 50 years, and will increase.

• Some of the under-developing countries will

become developed countries in 50 years, and emit

a large amount of carbon dioxide.

• Global warming will change the pattern of rain.

• Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited.

• Human health is damaged.

• How can we solve this problem?

Page 20: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

京都議定書を超えて• 2050-2100にどうなるか?

• 人口増加は過去50年で2.4倍に

• ある途上国は50年のうちに先進国となり大量の二酸化炭素を排出する

• 地球温暖化は降水パターンを変える

• 生物多様性が低下し、食糧生産をおびやかす

• 健康被害も増大

• どのように解決する?

Page 21: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

Green New Deal• Chase both of environment and economy?

• Analyze nation-nation relationship in past

A few developed countries (industry) vs. Many under-developing countries (export material)

→Developing countries play roles similar to Developed countries (industrialization, severe competition, low cost labor in developed countries)

• Impossible to continue the traditional division between developed and developing countries

• Global environment under deterioration

• Country-country roles revolving to new state by 2030

• We should evaluate Green New Deal actions, on the basis of smooth shift to sustainable society.

Page 22: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

グリーン・ニューディール• 未曾有の経済危機に環境重視で産業と雇用?

• 根本的な国際社会の変遷を分析

先進国は少数(製造)vs途上国が多数(原材料)

→新興国が先進国の仲間入り(新興国でも製造、競争激化、先進国の労働が低廉化)

• 従来の産業・貿易・労働の国際分業は継続不可

• 地球規模の環境問題も必然的に深刻化

• 2030年(20年後)までに大きく移行する

• ほとんど先進国である世界において、持続可能な社会に移行する貢献度を基準に選別すべき

Page 23: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

In Japan

• Low carbon society:solar power, circular road system around Tokyo and Osaka

• Health and senior well-being:easy access at stations, vaccine for influenza

• Potential development:plant industry, faster transit between Narita and Haneda airports

• Mainly construction development

• Can we maintain both environment and jobs?

• We ought to!

Page 24: Global Warming and Beyond Kyoto Protocol: Save …mikeda/outreach/sustaina.pdf•Global warming will change the pattern of rain. •Biodiversity is reduced and food supply is limited

日本の「経済成長戦略」では

• 低炭素革命:太陽光発電、三大都市圏の環状道路を完成

• 健康長寿:駅のバリアフリー、インフルエンザ・ワクチンの開発

• 底力発揮:植物工場の拡大、羽田・成田空港間の移動を50分台

• 無原則な土木建築依存が顕著

• 環境と仕事は両立するか?

• させなければいけない!