Table of Contents1Policy objective22Understanding the current situation23Understanding the future situation24Consultation and participation35Options of solutions56Appraisal Framework77Tools and procedure108Cost139Options testing1510Comparison options1711Consultation1812The output2013Funding sources2114Planning and Implementation2315Monitoring24

POLICY PROCESS FOR GLOBAL WARMING POLICYPolicy objectivei. To implement the usage of natural gas vehicleii. To develop low carbon technologies through research and developmentiii. To eliminate traffic bottlenecks and relieve congestion through improving the management and operation of the traffic systemUnderstanding the current situationEmission inventory models such as COPERT, MOBILE and MVEI provide reliable estimate of road transport emission when sufficient reliable input data insert. The trend is upward for carbon dioxide emissions in Malaysia which account for 6.7 metric tons per capital in 2006. Within urban areas the percentage of contributions due to road transport is particularly high. Statistic shows an increase in road transport emission trends from 1990 due to an increase in fuel consumption and a growth in passenger car traffic and in car ownership per inhabitant. Besides, based on a new study by led by Nadine Unger at NASAs Goddard Institute, the net climate impacts of emissions from economic sectors rather than by individual chemical species has found that on-road transportation is and will be the greatest net contributor to atmospheric warming now and in the near term.Understanding the future situationIn the analysis led by Nadine Unger, motor vehicles emerged as the greatest net contributor to atmospheric warming now and in the near term, with a total radiative forcing of 199 m Wm-2 in 2020. By 2050, electric power generation overtakes road transportation as the biggest promoter of warming, according to the study. The new analysis offers policy makers and the public a far more detailed and comprehensive understanding of how to mitigate climate change most effectively, Unger and colleagues assert. The effective opportunities lie in reducing emissions from the on-road transportation. Reducing emissions from the on-road transportation sector is particularly attractive because this action yields both rapid and longer-term climate benefits.

Consultation and participationParties should be involved in transport planning policyNational Road Safety Council or Committee (NRSC) Advising the Minister of Transport on all matter relating to traffic system and with the specific responsibility. Coordinate the work of all organizations which are involved in improve the management and operation of traffic system. Procure sufficient personnel and finance for available road capacity and road safety work. Develop and recommend road safety research and legislation which will lead to the available road capacity in Malaysia to reduce congestion. Transport and Land-Use Planners Adopt effective and safe traffic management measures in planning transport and land-use developments. Effective management of available road capacity Pay particular attention to the safety requirements of people with disabilities, older people, children, pedestrians, bicycle riders and other non -motorized road users in the planning task.Road Engineers and Highway Authorities Improve the traffic system of the road network by ensuring that planning, design, construction and maintenance places a high priority on safety outcomes and reduces congestion. Review and safety audit existing, rehabilitated and new roads to eliminate unnecessary hazardous locations and misleading/absent markings.Police and Enforcement Agencies Improve road user behavior and vehicle standards through a balance of education, encouragement and effective enforcement strategies. Improve road user behavior concern on environment current issuesVehicle Manufacturers Launched Natural gas vehicle or low carbon vehicle. Adopt an advertising code which promotes the natural gas features and safety performance of vehicles and their responsible use. Supply consumers with lower-carbon fuel optionsAdvertisers Promote through advertising environment current problem. Actively encourage use natural gas vehicle or low carbon vehicle. Promote and advantages using natural gas vehicle. Government Give consumer incentives to buy lower carbon vehicles Provide incentive to support research and demonstration of low carbon vehicle or natural gas vehicle. Enforce citizen have 2 car in house and at least one car is low carbon vehicle or natural gas vehicle. enhance energy diversification develop clean energy solutionsEnd User Significant Greenhouse Gas reduction benefits associated with renewable natural gas ability to measure and quantify Greenhouse Gas reductions Opportunity to reduce noise in urban settings Natural gas use may reduce fuel price volatility risks

Options of solutionsTo implement the usage of natural gas vehicle vehicles must have a Compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas(LNG) -specific fuel storage and delivery system installed The installation can be done on a vehicle after it has been manufactured Analysis has demonstrated that investment in medium- and heavy-duty Natural Gas Vehicles can provide environmental and over-vehicle-life economic benefits To introduce natural gas into the new market Existing industry players could provide access to private onsite refueling stations. Provide recommendations to stakeholders regarding how the natural gas community could respond to future developments, such as changes in market conditions and technological innovations Serve as a forum for stakeholders to discuss issues pertinent to the natural gas community Fueling options and availability- Time fill dispensers or Fast fill dispensers Third-Party Service Provider Companies such as Clean Energy build, operate, and maintain end-user fuelling stations and facilitate the purchase of natural gas on a long-term contract basisTo develop low carbon technologies through research and development support the development and demonstration of new low carbon generation technology, such as carbon capture and storage and less mature renewable technologies Support innovation to help reduce demand for energy. Finding the main sources of public funding for low carbon innovation building a shared evidence base and a common understanding of the key innovation needs of low carbon technologies through developing Technology Innovation Needs Assessments pursue transitions from high-carbon to low-carbon development take to investments in renewable energy and to low-carbon innovation Exploiting renewable sourcesTo eliminate traffic bottlenecks and relieve congestion through improving the management and operation of the traffic system improve the day-to-day operation of the system by retiming traffic signals applyingaccess managementtechniques removing operational deficiencies Improving response time and management of traffic disrupting events like work zones, accidents, and special events. Provide real time information about the system so that travelers can make immediate decisions about when, where, and how to travel, and transportation agencies can make real-time adjustments to improve system operations.

Appraisal Framework To appraisal is to provide decision makers with a manageable set of information about the core indicators that capture progress towards sustainable development. In the economic appraisal contains Economy, Safety, Environment, Accessibility and IntegrationProblem Emissions of greenhouse gases from vehicle that cause health and environment problem.

Solutioni. To implement the usage of natural gas vehicleii. To develop low carbon technologies through research and developmentiii. To eliminate traffic bottlenecks and relieve congestion through improving the management and operation of the traffic system

CriteriaSub criteriaQualitative impactsQuantitative impactsAssessment

Environment impactNoise Benefits from removal of traffic from town centre

Local air qualityAir quality improves as traffic removed from town centre

SafetyAccident Impact on accidents by road user, including impacts on particular groups of road usersNone

Economy Transport Economic EfficiencySummary of impacts on user benefits (e.g. journey times), and operator costsThe assessment of user and non-user benefits across all modes is based on: Journey time User chargesVehicle operating costs

Net transport operator benefits will be forecast through assessments of each schemes (or groups of schemes). This will include taking account of: Investment costs Maintenance costs Operating costs Revenues Grant subsidy/payments

Accessibility Public transportIncreased reliability of public transport journey times

Pedestrians & othersFacilities for pedestrians would be improved

IntegrationUse of strategic network by longer distance traffic and improving conditions for cyclists and pedestrians.Reduce congestion and environmental protection.

1 Tools and procedure1.1 Policies should use a text based tool, for Global Warming Policy have to use text based tools which is Microsoft Applications like Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Visio and SharePoint, as these applications are used to create policies, processes, and procedures of Global Warming PolicyToolTypeDescription

WordText basedMS Word is a robust text-based word processing program that used to creates documents, letters, forms, contracts and many other types of documents for Global Warming Policy.MS Word has simple graphics and illustration features, which suitable for very simple needs to create Global Warming Policy.

ExcelSpreadsheetExcel is a robust spreadsheet application with extensive mathematical functions and formulas, used to provide charts and graphs of the mathematical results of Global Warming.

PowerPointPresentationsPowerPoint is a graphics-based program that used to creates dynamic and professional presentations for Global Warming Policy presentation. It have text, graphs, tables, pictures, and audio (music) files can be used when presenting Global Warming Policy.

VisioFlowchartVisio is a very powerful diagramming tool. It used to show flow in Global Warming Policy.

SharePointDocument ManagementSharePoint is a Document Management tool. To make Global Warming policy, the major required functionalities of this tools are owners, modifier, action date, expiration dates, collaboration, workflow, version control, task tracking, folder organization, and check-in/check-out. SharePoint can retain the version history of checked in Global Warming Policys documents.

1.2 Procedure of making Global Warming Policy1.2.1 Identify the actions and stepsPolicy maker identify the effective actions and steps that are applicable to prevent or reduce the effect of global warming. The actions are from parties that involved in transport planning policy and the steps are the best options of solutions to prevent global warming.1.2.2 Know when to take actionsPolicy maker made clear instructions in the policy about the decision when to take actions to use the policy in certain situation regarding the global warming issue. The actions have to follow the procedure that set by parties that involved in the policy planning.1.2.3 Prepare alternativesPolicy maker prepare all the best alternatives solutions that can be applied to prevent the global warming issue. The alternatives will be in the Global Warming Policy as the alternatives policy.1.2.4 Warnings and cautionsPolicy maker have to make the Global Warming Policy clear about the warnings and cautions regarding the issue. The warnings and cautions will be include in the policy as one of the prerequisite of making the policy.1.2.5 Provide examplePolicy maker have to provide the suitable example of global warming issue in the policy. The example that provided is to give public and idea of what is actually Global Warming Policy is. A policy will only be effective if the public understand the overall policy.1.2.6 Guide to strengthen the policyPolicy maker have to bring academics into the policy making process to ensure the Global Warming Policy be innovative, more robust, and based on the most up to date knowledge. It is an important part of policy making to strengthen it.1.2.7 Prepare the outline format of policyPolicy maker have to ensure that the outline of Global Warming Policy is developed and published in accordance with this policy meet the governances requirements with respect of solutions global warming assurance process. 2 Cost2.1 Cost of implementation2.1.1 In the policy process there is a cost which is cost of policy implementation, implementation costs money and money will be a restraint to global Warming Policy implementation if insufficient of money is occur. Good planning decrease the cost of Global Warming Policy implementation.2.1.2 Costs are inherent in the policy process, reducing cost will bring benefits in terms of better use of public funds, and minimizing the overall economic costs of policies. 2.1.3 Reduce costs by sharing experiences across agencies, regions or countries, exploiting already existing administrative networks, integrating government and private information systems, reducing the number of agencies and using the latest information technologies.2.2 Cost of global warming effect2.2.1 Effect towards economic and environmental. Cost of damaged to property and infrastructure, Sea-level rise, floods, droughts, wildfires, and extreme storms require extensive repair of essential infrastructure such as homes, roads, bridges, railroad tracks, airport runways, power lines, dams, levees, and seawalls.2.2.2 Cost of lost the productivity, Disruptions in daily life related to climate change can mean lost work and school days and harm trade, transportation, agriculture, fisheries, energy production, and tourism. Severe rainfall events and snowstorms can delay planting and harvesting, cause power outages, snarl traffic, delay air travel, and otherwise make it difficult for people to go about their daily business. Climate-related health risks also reduce productivity, such as when extreme heat curtails construction, or when more potent allergies and more air pollution lead to lost work and school days.2.2.3 Cost of mass migration and security threats, Global warming increase the number of "climate refugees" which is people who are forced to leave their homes because of drought, flooding, or other climate related disasters. Mass movements of people and social disruption may lead to civil unrest, and might even spur military intervention and other unintended consequences.2.2.4 Coping cost, Societies find ways to prepare for and cope with some climate impacts, coping is likely to be more costly steps to reduce carbon emissions thereby reducing associated climate impacts.2.2.5 Rebuilding after disasters strike cause by global warming is more costly than these preventive measures. These costs do not include those stemming from lives lost and other irreversible consequences of allowing heat-trapping gases to accumulate unchecked in our atmosphere.

3 Options testing3.1 Priority parties to involve in transport planning policy options.The priority options of parties that should involve in transport planning policy is Minister of Transport (MOT). The MOT want to ensure that all modes of transport are efficient, integrated, safe, stable and user friendly which put it as the best parties to establish this global warming policy. The MOT have the authority to plan, devise and implement policies with regards to prevent global warming issue. MOT also capable to monitoring the policy implementation until the policy have the ability to operate which is preventing the global warming issue.3.2 Priority solution options.The priority solutions is implemented the usage of natural gas vehicle. Analysis has demonstrated that investment in medium and heavy-duty Natural Gas Vehicles can provide environmental and over-vehicle-life economic benefits. The third party service provider have to build, operate, and maintain end-user fuelling stations and facilitate the purchase of natural gas on a long-term contract basis. Long term effect reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from vehicle that cause health and environment problem.3.3 Priority tools and procedure options.The priority tools are the Microsoft Office text based application and the procedure are follow by the outline that meet the governances requirements with respect of solutions global warming assurance process.3.4 Cost optionsThe priority cost of making the policy is the cost of implementation. The process of policy implementation is divorced from the development of the policy itself, and the lack of proper planning can lead to great risk, such as discrimination suits, if not applied correctly. The policy maker did much to shape a policy plan that brought in the implementation on time and on budget.

Comparison options3.5 Priority parties options. The priority options of parties that should involve in transport planning policy is the Minister of Transport (MOT). The comparison is done to know how does the effectiveness and efficiency of this party which is the MOT to this policy. The MOT has the authority to implement the policy. The MOT is able to cooperate with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water in implementing this policy.3.6 Priority solution options. The priority solutions implemented the usage of natural gases vehicle. The comparison is done to know how this priority solution options can be effective and efficient to this policy. The natural gases vehicle can assist in reducing and minimizing the quantity of carbon monoxide and preventing the greenhouse effect form occur. It is a useful and beneficial option to the nature in controlling the global warming.3.7 Priority tools and procedure options.The priority tools and procedure options comparison is done to know how effective and efficient this options to this policy. The comparison is made on the outline that meet the governances requirements with respect of solutions global warming assurance process. They have to compare all the procedures in identifying the steps, when to take action and the alternative preparation to know which the best in implementing the policy.3.8 Options The priority cost of making the policy is the cost of implementation. The policy maker need to compare to shape the policy plan that brought in the implementation on time and on budget. Two cost involved are the cost of implementation and the cost of global warming effect. It is how to reduce the cost by sharing experiences across agencies that can be beneficial to the public. The comparison also done in terms of how the cost of lost the productivity towards the economic and environmental effect.

Consultation3.9 Subjects of consultationThere are maybe a number to consult, to garner views and preferences, to understand possible unintended consequences of a policy or to get views on implementation. Increasing the level of transparency and increasing engagement with interested parties improves the quality of policy making by bringing to bear expertise and alternative perspectives, and identifying unintended effects and practical problems. The objectives should be clear, and there may be circumstances where formal consultation is not appropriate. However, longer and more detailed consultation will be needed in situations where smaller, more vulnerable organizations such as small charities could be affected. 3.10 Timing of consultation Engagement should begin early in policy development when the policy is under consideration and views can genuinely be taken into account. There are several stages of policy development, and it may be appropriate to engage in different stages. Timeframe for consultation should be proportionate and realistic to allow stakeholders sufficient time to provide a considered response and where the consultation spans all or part of a holiday period policy makers should consider what id any impact there may be and take appropriate mitigating action. The amount of time required will depend on the nature and impact of the proposal, and might typically between 2 and 12 weeks.3.11 Making information useful and accessiblePolicy makers should be able to demonstrate that they have considered who needs to be consulted and ensure that the consultation captures the full range of stakeholders affected. Information should be disseminated and presented in a way likely to accessible and useful to the stakeholders with a substantial interest in the subject matter. Information provided should be easy to comprehend. Consideration should be given to more informal forms of consultation deals with complex subject matter. Policy makers should avoid disproportionate cost to the government or the stakeholders concerned.3.12 Transparency and feedbackThe purpose of the consultation process should be clearly stated as should the stage of the development that the policy has reached and also to avoid creating unrealistic expectations, it should be apparent that aspects of the policy being consulted on are open to change and what decisions have already been taken. Sufficient information should be made available to stakeholder to enable them to make informed comment and all consultations should be housed on the Governments single web platform.3.13 Practical considerationConsultation exercises should not generally be launched during local or national election periods. Department should be clear how they have come to the decision to consult in a particular way, and senior officials and ministers should be sighted on the considerations taken into account in order to enable them to ensure the quality of consultations. Departments should have seek collective ministerial agreement before any public arrangement that might be seen as committing the government to a particular approach. Ministers are obliged to seek the views of colleagues early in the policy making process and the documents supporting formal consultations should be cleared collectively with ministerial colleagues.

The outputA wide range of audiences is envisaged for this document: collaborating institutions (implementing NGOs) and supporting agencies (funders); local, national and regional government institutions; other communities and NGOs, parastatals, the media, and academia.The policy outputs are more formal and structured, but their format will vary widely according to their specific status. Normally, policy documents must be concise, practical and persuasively reasoned, setting out clearly the problem, the courses of action open to remedy it, the arguments for and against each option, and expected consequences of no action. However there are in each country processes whereby policy recommendations are prepared and absorbed into the system, and these can be so varied that even general recommendations or guides might be of little help on this point.One possibility would be to prepare a clear and substantive synthesis paper, integrating the work of the policy analyst and the field team, in about 20 pages. This document would serve the purpose of being a policy issues paper: it could be circulated widely and for the basis of a national stakeholder workshop. The workshop could consider the paper, and other presentations, and then set up a working group to prepare formal policy recommendations to the appropriate authority.

Funding sourcesDepartment of Environment, Malaysia Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE)The establishment of the an Environmental Fund1. There shall be established a fund to be known as an environmental fund to be managed as a trust account in the federal consolidated fund.2. The fund shall consist of -a) Any amount of money destined from time to time by the governmentb) All donations and contributions received from within or outside Malaysiac) All money paid or received by the Director General of the section imposed or collected pursuant to section 36A (session research).d) All money paid or received in accordance with section 36 D (contributions to the fund).Non-profit organization Malaysian Environmental NGOs (MENGO) The fund are collected by MENGOs members which are consist of:a) Biji-biji Social Enterpriseb) Blue Life Ecoservices BHDc) Camp Borneod) Ecocentric Transitionse) EcoKnightsf) eHomemakers c/o Corpcom Services Sdn Bhdg) Environmental Management and research Association of Malaysia (ENSEARCH)h) Environmental Protection Society Malaysia (EPSM)i) Global Environment Centre (GEC)j) GREEN EARTH SOCIETYk) World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) MalaysiaWorldwide Global Warming Policy FoundationThe Global Warming Policy Foundation(GWPF) is athink tankin theUnited Kingdom, whos stated aims are to challenge "extremely damaging and harmful policies" envisaged by governments tomitigatea thropogenicglobal warming. The Independentdescribes the foundation as "the UK's most prominent source of climate-change denial".GWPF states that it is "deeply concerned about the costs and other implications of many of the policies currently being advocated" to addressclimate changeand that it aims to "bring reason, integrity and balance to a debate that has become seriously unbalanced, irrationally alarmist, and all too often depressingly intolerant". According to a 2011 article, its total income for the period up to 31 July 2010 was 503,302, of which only 8,168 (or 1.6%) came from membershipcontributions.This leaves the question of who provides the rest of their funding. The foundation charges a minimum annual membership fee of 100. According to most recent accounts, the foundation received 12,161 from membership fees in the year ending 31 July 2012. That would suggest a membership of 120 members at the most. TheGWPF's main source of income remains donations, having received over1m in the past three years. Charitable OrganizationA type of non-profit organization (OPO), differs with other types of NPOs in that it centers on non-profit andphilanthropic goalsas well as social well-being such ascharitable,educational,religious, or other activities serving thepublic interestor common good. One of the charitable purposes provided by theCharities Act 2011is in improve the advancement of environmental protection or improvement.Planning and ImplementationEnvironment considerations will be integrated into all stages of development, program planning and implementation and all aspects of policy making.Environmental inputs shall be incorporated into economic development planning activities, including regional plans, master plans, structure and local plans. Every effort will be made to ensure that all resource utilization and development proposals incorporate the environmental dimension at the planning stage.In assessing the viability of development projects or proposed changes in the use of natural resources, economic values reflecting environmental and social costs and benefits should be taken into consideration.A national natural resources accounting system will be devised and implemented to ensure a balanced perspective of the role of environment and natural resources in relation to overall development plans and strategies.Environmental considerations will be integrated into policies, programs, plans and project formulation as well as implementation, through a comprehensive assessment process, taking into account social, ecological and health effects.In area where intensive or extensive use of resources such as land, water and the marine environment is proposed, development planning shall be on a regional basis rather than on a project basis, taking into consideration both economic development and environmental protection objectives.

MonitoringThe implementation of this Policy and its Strategies will be monitored and reviewed by the National Development Council.Under Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Malaysia helps to monitor the result of this policy, there have 5 departments that consist of:i. Department of the Environment, ii. Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Land and Mines iii. Department Wilayah Persekutuan, iv. The Malaysian Meteorological Department and v. The Department of Wildlife and National Parks. In monitoring, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change (IPCC) has warned that the mitigation measures that have been taken have not been sufficient to limit the temperature increase in the level of two degrees Celsius.Ministry of energy, green technology and water of Malaysia has establish National Green Technology Council (MTH) under National Green Technology & Climate Change Council (MTHPI) to coordinate the issues of green technology between the Ministries, agencies, private sector and other stakeholders (stakeholders) in the way to implement the policies.1