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Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
Glossary++
A++Account+(Gr.+4):+a+description+or+retelling+of+an+event+
+
Accurate+(Gr.+5):+free+from+errors;+correct+
+
Acknowledge+(Gr.+8):+to+admit+the+existence+or+reality+of+something++
+
Action+(Gr.+3):+what+someone+says+or+does+
+
Adage+(Gr.+4):+an+old+and+wellLknown+saying+that+expresses+a+general+truth;+a+wellLknown+
proverb+that+has+been+used+for+a+long+time+(Ex.+“Where+there’s+smoke,+there’s+fire,”+which+
means+that+if+there+is+evidence+that+something+is+happening,+it+probably+is+actually+
happening.)+++
+
Advance+(Gr.+7):+to+move+forward+or+accelerate+the+progress+of+something++
+
Adventure+(Gr.+K):++an+unusual+or+exciting+experience+
+
Adventure+Story+(Gr.+5):+a+story+that+involves+a+lot+of+action,+danger,+risk+and+excitement+
(Ex.+The$Adventures$of$Huckleberry$Finn,$Treasure$Island,$The$Boxcar$Children)+
+
Aesthetic+Impact+(Gr.+11L12):+how+an+author’s+choice+effects+the+beauty+of+a+text+
+
Alliteration+(Gr.+2):+the+use+of+words+that+begin+with+the+same+sound+near+one+another+(e.g.,+
wild$and$woolly+or+a+babbling$brook)+
+
Allude+(Gr.+4):+to+reference+or+mention+something+or+someone+in+an+indirect+way+
+
Allusion+(Gr.+7):+an+allusion+(literary,+biblical,+mythological)+
+
Alter+(Gr.+7):+to+change+or+cause+change+
+
Analogy+(Gr.+8):+a+comparison+of+two+things+with+like+features++
+
Analyze+(Gr.+5):+to+study+or+examine+something+closely+and+carefully,+looking+at+each+of+its+
parts+and+seeing+if+they+fit+together+in+a+way+that+makes+sense++
+
Analysis+(Gr.+6):+detailed+examination+of+the+elements+or+structure+of+something,+typically+
as+a+basis+for+discussion+or+interpretation.+
+
Anecdote+(Gr.+6):+a+short,+true+story+that+helps+an+author+illustrate+a+point+
+
Animation+(Gr.+4):+a+way+of+making+a+movie+by+using+a+series+of+drawings,+computer+
graphics,+or+photographs+of+objects+(such+as+puppets+or+models)+that+are+slightly+different+
from+one+another+and+that+when+viewed+quickly+one+after+another+create+the+appearance+of+
movement+
+
Answer+(Gr.+K):+something+you+say+or+write+when+someone+asks+you+a+question+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
+
Antonym+(Gr.+3):+a+word+with+a+meaning+that+is+opposite+to+the+meaning+of+another+word+
+
Appeal+(Gr.+1):+to+be+pleasing+or+attractive+to+someone;+to+attract+interest+
+
Approach+(Gr.+5):+a+way+of+dealing+with+something++
+
Argument+(Gr.+6):+a+reason+or+set+of+reasons+that+something+is+true;+investigation+of+a+topic,+
which+includes+a+position+and+support+for+that+opinion+with+strong+logic+and+evidence+
+
Ask+(Gr.+K):+to+say+or+write+something+in+the+form+of+a+question+to+get+more+information+or+
understand+something+better+
+
Artistic+Mediums+(Gr.+9L10):+a+means+of+effecting+or+conveying+something+to+the+senses+
(e.g.,+poetry,+paintings,+music)++
+
Aspects+(Gr.+3):+parts+
+
Assonance+(Gr.+7):+a+kind+of+internal+rhyme)that+makes+use+of+repeated+vowel+sounds,+woven+together+to+create+a+cool+sonic+effect+to+enhance+meaning+
+
Audience+(Gr.+8):+the+person(s)+reading+a+text,+listening+to+a+speaker,+or+observing+a+
performance+
+
Author+(Gr.+K):+a+person+who+has+written+something;+the+writer+of+a+text+
+
Author’s+Position+(Gr.+7):+the+writer’s+opinion+or+point+of+view+on+a+topic+
+
+
B+Back+Cover+(Gr.+K):+the+back+part+of+the+outside+of+a+book+that+often+has+information+about+
the+book+
+
Beginning+(Gr.+2):+the+point+or+time+something+begins+
+
Bold+Words+(Gr.+1):+very+noticeable+or+easily+seen+words;+dark,+heavy+print+in+a+text+
+
+
C+Caption+(Gr.+2):+a+title+or+explanation+for+a+picture+or+illustration+
+
Cast+of+Characters+(Gr.+4):+the+actors+in+a+play+
+
Categorize+(Gr.+4):+to+group+similar+things+together+
+
Cause+(Gr.+1):+something+or+someone+that+makes+something+happen+or+exist+
+
Cause/Effect+(Gr.+3):+the+relationship+between+events+or+things,+where+one+is+the+result+of+
the+other+
+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
Central+Idea+(Gr.+6):+the+most+important+point+the+author+makes+
+
Central+Message+(Gr.+1):+an+important+lesson+or+belief+about+life+that+can+be+learned+from+a+
story,+drama+or+poem;+may+be+stated+directly+or+indirectly+
+
Challenge+(Gr.+2):+a+problem+or+something+that+is+difficult+
+
Chapter+(Gr.+3):+a+main+division+of+a+book+usually+with+a+title+or+number+
+
Character+(Gr.+K):+a+person+that+appears+in+a+story,+book,+movie+or+TV+show;+sometimes+
characters+can+be+animals+or+imaginary+creatures,+such+as+beings+from+another+planet+
+ +
Static+Character+(Gr.+6):+a+character+that+stays+the+same++
Dynamic+Character+(Gr.+6):+a+character+that+changes+in+some+important+way++
Flat+Character+(Gr.+9L10):+built+around+a+single+idea+or+quality+and+unchanging+over+
the+course+of+the+narrative++
Round+Character+(Gr.+9L10):+complex+in+temperament+and+motivation;+drawn+with+
subtlety;+capable+of+growth+and+change+during+the+course+of+the+narrative;+show+a+
true+depth+of+personality+
+
Characterization+(Gr.+9L10):+The+choices+an+author+makes+to+reveal+a+character’s+
personality,+such+as+appearance,+actions,+dialogue,+and+motivations+
+
Chart+(Gr.+4):+information+in+the+form+of+a+table,+graph+or+diagram+
+
Chronology+/+Chronological+Order+(Gr.+3):+the+time+order+in+which+things+happen+
+
Cite+(Gr.+6):+to+quote++
+
Citation+(Gr.+9L10):+a+quotation++
+
Claim+(Gr.+2):+to+say+that+(something)+is+true+when+some+people+may+say+it+is+not+true+
+
Clue+(Gr.+1):+a+word+or+group+of+words+that+helps+you+figure+out+something+you+don’t+know+
or+understand+
+
Comedic+Resolution+(Gr.+11L12):+a+conflict+resolved+favorably+for+the+protagonist;+he+or+she+
is+better+off+than+when+the+tale+began+
+
Compare+(Gr.+K):+to+find+how+two+or+more+people,+things+or+ideas+are+alike+/+similar+
+
Comparison+(Gr.+3):+the+act+of+looking+at+things+to+see+how+they+are+similar+or+different+
+
Complex+Analysis+(Gr.+11L12):+a+detailed+examination+of+multiple+aspects+of+a+text+
+
Compound+Word+(Gr.+2):+two+words+combined+to+create+a+new+word+(e.g.,+baseball)+
+
Conclusion+(Gr.+2):+the+ending;+the+summing+up+of+an+argument+or+text+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
+
Conflict+(Gr.+5):+a+problem+or+challenge;+a+struggle+between+two+things+or+people+
+
+ Internal+Conflict+(Gr.+6):+the+struggle+occurring+within+a+character's+mind++
External+Conflict+(Gr.+6):+the+struggle+between+a+literary+or+dramatic+character+and+
an+outside+force+such+as+nature+or+another+character+
+
Conflicting+(Gr.+8):+contradictory+or+opposing+
+
Connect+(Gr.+K):+to+think+of+something+as+being+related+to+another+thing,+event,+or+idea;+to+
link+together+in+some+way+
+
Connection+(Gr.+K):+a+link+between+two+things+(Ex.+one+event+causes+another+event,+two+
things+are+alike,+one+person+impacts+or+influences+another+person,+etc.)+A+“logical”+
connection+means+it’s+a+reasonable+connection+
+
Connotative+(Gr.+6):+implied+or+suggested+meaning+of+word;+the+association+that+a+word+
brings+to+mind+
+
Constitutional+Principles+(Gr.+11L12):+characteristics+of+or+relating+to+the+constitution+
+
Context+Clues+(Gr.+3):+hints+that+an+author+gives+to+help+define+a+difficult+or+unusual+word+
+
Contrast+(Gr.+K):+to+find+the+differences+between+two+or+more+people,+things+or+ideas+
+
Contribute+(Gr.+3):+to+add+to+
+
Convey+(Gr.+3):+the+way+an+idea+is+expressed+or+communicated+
+
Credible+(Gr.+9L10):+worthy+of+belief,+trustworthy+
+
Culture+(Gr.+2):+a+particular+society+that+has+its+own+beliefs,+ways+of+life,+art,+etc.+
+
Cumulative+(Gr.+9L10):+increasing+or+becoming+better+or+worse+over+time+by+a+series+of+
additions;+including+or+adding+together+all+of+the+things+that+came+before+
+
+
D+DeLemphasize+(Gr.+5):+to+give+less+attention+to+something++
+
Definition+(Gr.+3):+the+meaning+of+a+word+or+phrase+
+
Delineate+(Gr.+8):+to+describe+in+detail+
+
Denotative+(Gr.+6):+the+literal+meaning+
+
Describe+(Gr.+K):+to+tell+the+facts+or+details+about+someone+or+something+
+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
Description+(Gr.+3):+the+use+of+words+to+tell+how+someone+or+something+looks,+sounds,+feels,+
smells+or+acts+
+
Determine+(Gr.+3):+to+decide+or+figure+out+
+
Develop+(Gr.+3):+to+elaborate+or+expand+
+
Diagram+(Gr.+2):+a+drawing+that+explains+or+shows+and+explains+the+parts+of+something+
+
Dialogue+(Gr.+2):+the+things+characters+say;+conversation+between+characters+
+
Diction+(Gr.+9L10):+style+of+speaking+or+writing+as+dependent+upon+choice+of+words+
+
Dictionary+(Gr.+2):+a+reference+book+that+contains+words+listed+in+alphabetical+order+and+
that+gives+information+about+the+words'+meanings,+forms,+pronunciations,+etc.+
+
Different+(Gr.+K):+not+the+same++
+
Digital+Text+(Gr.+2):+an+electronic+version+of+a+written+text+
+
Direction+(Gr.+4):+a+statement+that+tells+someone+what+to+do+and+how+to+do+it+(Ex.+walks+
slowly+across+the+stage)+
+
Director+(Gr.+8):+the+person+who+supervises+the+actors+and+directs+the+action+in+the+
production+of+a+drama+/+play+
+
Distinct+(Gr.+6):+recognizably+different+
+
Distinction+(Gr.+8):+a+difference+or+contrast+between+similar+things+or+people+
+
Distinguish+(Gr.+3):+to+notice+or+point+out+a+difference;+to+set+apart+
+
Diverse+Culture+(Gr.+2):+a+group+of+people,+such+as+a+community,+whose+ideas,+beliefs+and+
customs+are+different+than+your+own+
+
Drama+(Gr.+3):+a+piece+of+writing+that+tells+a+story+and+is+performed+on+a+stage;+a+play+
+
Dramatic+Irony+(Gr.+8):+when+the+audience+knows+something,+usually+a+lot+of+things,+that+the+
characters+don't;+irony+that+is+inherent+in+speeches+or+a+situation+of+a+drama+and+is+
understood+by+the+audience+but+not+grasped+by+the+characters+in+the+play+
+
Drawing+(Gr.+2):+a+picture+or+image+that+is+made+by+making+lines+on+a+surface+with+a+pencil,+
pen,+marker,+chalk,+etc.,+but+usually+not+with+paint+
+
+
E+Efficient+(Gr.+2):+doing+something+without+wasting+time,+materials+or+energy+
+
Elaborate+(Gr.+6):+to+develop+by+adding+details+
+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
Electronic+Menu+(Gr.+1):+a+list+of+choices+on+a+screen/digital+text+that+you+use+to+find+
information+or+control+the+device+
+
Emerge+(Gr.+9L10):+first+come+into+view+
+
Emphasize+(Gr.+3):+to+give+special+attention+to+or+place+importance+on+something+
+
Episode+(Gr.+6):+one+of+a+series+of+events+in+the+course+of+a+narrative+or+drama;+An+incident+
or+event+that+is+part+of+a+progression+or+a+larger+sequence+
+
Essential+(Gr.+4):+extremely+important+and+necessary;+opposite+is+nonessential,+which+
means+not+necessary+
+
Ethos+(Gr.+9L10):+appeals+to+the+audience+with+a+calm,+trustworthy,+sincere+approach;+
appeals+to+the+writer+himself+or+herself;+it+is+important+that+this+person+have+impressive+
credentials,+a+notable+knowledge+of+the+subject,+or+appears+to+be+a+likeable+and+moral+
person+
+
Evaluate+(Gr.+6):+to+find+value+or+judge+
+
Euphemism+(Gr.+9L10):+a+mild+or+indirect+word+or+expression+substituted+for+one+
considered+to+be+too+harsh+or+blunt+when+referring+to+something+unpleasant+or+
embarrassing+
+
Event+(Gr.+K):+something+important+that+happens;+something+that+occurs+in+informational+
text+that+is+part+of+a+sequence+
+
Evidence+(Gr.+3):+knowledge+on+which+to+base+a+belief;+facts+or+information+helpful+in+
forming+a+conclusion+or+judgment;+information+that+provides+proof+or+support+for+what+
someone+says+or+thinks+(Explicit+Text+Evidence+means+it+is+stated+directly+in+the+text.)+
CCSS$Definition:+facts,+figures,+details,+quotations,+or+other+information+that+provide+
support+for+claims+or+an+analysis+and+that+can+be+evaluated+by+others;+should+appear+
in+a+form+and+be+derived+from+a+source+widely+accepted+as+appropriate+to+a+
particular+discipline,+as+in+details+or+quotations+from+a+text+in+the+study+of+literature+
and+experimental+results+in+the+study+of+science+
+
Example+(Gr.+3):+someone+or+something+that+is+mentioned+to+help+explain+what+you+are+
saying+or+to+show+that+a+general+statement+is+true+
+
Experience+(Gr.+K):+something+that+you+have+done+or+that+has+happened+to+you+
+ +
Explain+(Gr.+1):+to+tell+about+something+so+people+understand+it;+to+tell+the+reason+for+or+
cause+of+something+
+
+
F)Fable+(Gr.+2):+a+short+story,+often+with+animals+that+speak+and+act+like+humans,+that+is+meant+
to+teach+a+lesson+(e.g.,+The+Tortoise+and+the+Hare)+
+
Fantasy+(Gr.+4):+a+story+that+couldn’t+happen+in+real+life++
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
+
Feelings+(Gr.+1):+emotions+(e.g.,+angry,+scared,+sad,+excited,+etc.)+
+
Fiction+(Gr.+4):+stories+written+about+people+and+events+that+are+not+real;+texts+that+tell+
stories+which+are+imagined+by+the+writer+
+
Fictional+Portrayal+(Gr.+7):+a+madeLup+description+or+representation+of+a+true+event+
+
Figurative+Language+(Gr.+4):+words+and+phrases+that+express+meaning+beyond+the+literal+
meaning+of+the+words+themselves;+the+words+cannot+be+taken+literally+
+
Firsthand+Account+(Gr.+4):+a+description+or+retelling+of+an+event,+told+by+a+person+
who+witnessed+or+was+a+part+of+the+event+
+
Five+Senses+(Gr.+1):+one+of+the+five+ways+(touch,+taste,+smell,+sight,+and+hearing)+through+
which+you+receive+information+about+the+world+around+you+
+
Focus+(Gr.+3):+attention+or+emphasis+given+to+an+idea+(Ex.+an+author+of+an+informational+text+
gives+attention+to+some+ideas+more+than+others)+
+
Focus+of+a+Paragraph+(Gr.+2):+the+idea+that+the+text+or+section+of+text+is+about+
+
Folktale+(Gr.+2):+an+account,+legend,+or+story+that+is+passed+along+orally+from+generation+to+
generation.+So,+the+original+author+is+unknown++
Format+(Gr.+6):+the+layout;+the+way+in+which+something+is+arranged+
+
Formal+Tone+(Gr.+9+–+10):+helps+establish+the+writer's+respect+for+the+audience+and+suggests+
that+the+writer+is+serious+about+his+or+her+topic;+most+academic+writing+uses+a+formal+tone+
+
Front+Cover+(Gr.+K):+the+front+part+of+the+outside+of+a+book+that+tells+the+title,+author,+and+
illustrator+
+
+
G+Genre+(Gr.+5):+a+category+of+writing+that+you+can+recognize+because+of+its+special+features+
(Ex.+adventure,+fantasy,+mystery,+historical+fiction,+etc.)++*Note:+Narrative,+argument+and+
informational+texts+are+types+of+writing.+There+are+many+genres+within+one+type+of+writing.+
+
Glossary+(Gr.+1):+an+alphabetical+list+of+important+words+on+a+topic+and+the+definitions+of+
those+words+
+
Graph+(Gr.+3):+a+diagram+that+uses+dots,+lines,+bars,+etc.+to+show+the+connection+or+
relationship+between+two+or+more+things++
+
+
H+Heading+(Gr.+1):+a+word+or+group+of+words+placed+at+the+beginning+of+a+passage,+section+or+
at+the+top+of+a+page;+title+of+a+page+or+section+of+a+book+
+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
Historical+Account+(Gr.+7):+a+true+narration+of+a+historical+event+
+
Historical+Event+(Gr.+2):+something+important+that+happened+in+the+past+
+
Historical+Significance+(Gr.+9L10):+something+important+to+history+
+
Homograph+(Gr.+5):+a+word+that+is+spelled+the+same+as+another+word,+but+has+a+different+
meaning++
+
Humor+(Gr.+8):+the+quality+of+being+amusing+or+comic+
+
Hyperbole+(Gr.+11L12):+exaggerated+statements+or+claims+not+meant+to+be+taken+literally+
+
Hyperlink+(Gr.+3):+a+highlighted+word+or+picture+in+an+electronic+document+or+Web+page+
that+you+can+click+on+to+go+to+another+place+in+the+same+or+a+different+document+or+Web+
page+
+
+
I+Icon+(Gr.+1):+a+small+picture+on+a+computer+screen+that+represents+a+program+or+function+
+
Idea+(Gr.+K):+a+thought;+a+plan+or+suggestion+about+what+to+do;+an+opinion+or+belief+
+
Identify+(Gr.+3):+to+find+or+point+someone+or+something+out+
+
Idiom+(Gr.+4):+an+expression+that+cannot+be+understood+from+the+meanings+of+its+separate+
words+or+taken+literally+but+that+has+a+separate+meaning+of+its+own+(Ex.+open+a+can+of+
worms)+
+
Illustrate+(Gr.+6):+explain+or+make+something+clear+by+using+examples,+charts,+pictures,+etc.+
+
Illustration+(Gr.+K):+a+drawing,+painting,+or+other+image+that+goes+with+a+text+that+often+
makes+the+text+easier+to+understand;+visual+material+used+to+clarify+or+add+meaning+to+the+
text+
+
Illustrator+(Gr.+K):+a+person+who+draws+or+creates+pictures+for+a+text+
+
Image+(Gr.+2):+a+likeness+or+representation+of+something+(e.g.,+diagrams,+drawings,+
illustrations+and+photographs,+etc.)+
+
Impact+(Gr.+5):+to+have+an+effect+on+something+
+
In+Order+(Gr.+K):+to+tell+the+first+event+first,+the+second+event+next,+the+third+event+next,+etc.+
+
In+Medias+Res+(Gr.+11L12):+in+the+middle;+a+story+that+starts+in+the+middle+of+the+action+
+
Incident+(Gr.+8):+an+event+or+occurrence++
+
Index+(Gr.+2):+an+alphabetical+listing+of+names,+places,+and+topics+along+with+the+numbers+of+
the+pages+on+which+they+are+mentioned+or+discussed+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
+
Infer/Draw+Conclusions+(Gr.+4):+to+make+educated+guesses+based+on+clues+and+prior+
knowledge+
+
Influence+(Gr.+5):+to+change+or+affect+someone+or+something++
+
Informal+Tone+(Gr.+9L10):+similar+to+a+spoken+conversation+and+may+include+slang,+figures+
of+speech,+broken+syntax,+asides,+etc.;+takes+a+personal+tone+as+if+you+were+speaking+directly+
to+your+audience++
+
Information+(Gr.+K):+knowledge+or+facts+
+
Informational+Text+(Gr.+1):++texts+that+are+based+on+facts+and+details,+including+content+area+
text,+howLto+texts,+directions,+graphs,+charts,+maps,+biography,+autobiography,+essays,+
speeches,+memoir,+etc.++
+
Interpretation+(Gr.+7):+an+explanation+of+the+meaning++
+
Integrate+(Gr.+4):+to+combine+two+or+more+things++
+
Interactions+(Gr.+5):+the+process+by+which+different+things+affect+each+other+or+change+each+
other+
+
Interpret+(Gr.+4):+to+explain+the+meaning+of+something++
+
Interactive+Elements+(Gr.+4):+tools+that+allow+the+reader+to+actively+participate+with+parts+of+
a+web+page+(e.g.,+changing+displays,+sliding+pictures,+video+playback)+
+
Irrelevant+(Gr.+8):+unimportant+
+
Italics+(Gr.+1):+letters+and+numbers+that+slant+upward+to+the+right+
+
+
J+Jargon+(Gr.+9L10):+use+of+specific+phrases+and+words+by+writers+in+a+particular+situation,+
profession+or+trade,+used+to+convey+hidden+meanings+accepted+and+understood+in+that+field+
+
Judgment+(Gr.+6):+a+decision+or+opinion+
+
+
K+Key+Concept+(Gr.+8):+an+important+idea++
+
Key+Detail+(Gr.+K):+important+facts++
+
Key+Event+(Gr.+3):+something+important+that+happened+
+
Key+Fact+(Gr.+1):+important+information+
+
Key+Idea+(Gr.+1):+an+important+idea+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
+
Key+Scene+(Gr.+9L10):+an+important+part+of+a+play+in+which+there+is+no+change+setting;+an+
important+piece+of+action+that+happens+in+one+part+of+a+play+or+story+
+
Key+Word+(Gr.+3):+an+important+word+used+to+search+for+information+on+a+topic+
+
Knowledgeable+(Gr.+4):+having+information,+understanding,+or+skill+that+comes+from+
learning+about+a+topic+
+
+
L+Label+(Gr.2):+a+word+or+phrase+that+tells+about+an+image+
+
Legal+Reasoning+(Gr.+11L12):+the+particular+method+of+arguing+used+when+applying+legal+
rules+to+particular+interactions+among+legal+persons+
+
Lesson/Life+Lesson+(Gr.+1):+an+idea+that+can+be+learned+and+used+in+life+
+
Literal+Language+(Gr.+3):+words+and+phrases+that+mean+what+they+say;+opposite+of+figurative+
+
Live+Production+(Gr.+8):+a+text+that+is+acted+out+by+live+performers+
+
Locate+(Gr.+3):+to+find++
+
Logic+Syllogism+(Gr.+11L12):+a+kind+of+logical+argument+that+applies+deductive+reasoning+to+
arrive+at+a+conclusion+based+on+two+or+more+propositions+that+are+asserted+or+assumed+to+
be+true+
+
Logical+Connection+(Gr.+3):+understanding+how+two+things+are+connected+in+a+reasonable+
way+
+
Logical+Fallacy+(Gr.+9L10):+common+errors+in+reasoning+that+will+undermine+the+logic+of+an+
argument;+often+identified+because+they+lack+evidence+that+supports+the+claim+
+
Logos+(Gr.+9L10):+appeals+to+an+audience’s+sense+of+reason+and+logic;+the+writer+intends+to+
make+the+audience+think+clearly+about+the+sensible+or+obvious+answer+to+a+problem+
+
M+Main+Idea+(Gr.+3):+the+most+important+point(s)+the+author+makes+about+a+topic,+stated+
directly+or+implied+and+usually+expressed+in+one+sentence+(Ex.+Spiders+can+be+helpful.)+
+
Main+Topic+(Gr.+K):+who/what+the+text+is+about,+usually+stated+in+one+word+or+a+phrase+(e.g.,+
spiders)+
+
Map+(Gr.+3):+a+picture+or+drawing+that+shows+the+rivers,+mountains,+streets,+etc.,+in+a+
particular+area+
+
Meaning+(Gr.+1):+the+idea+that+is+represented+or+communicated+by+a+word,+phrase,+etc.+
+
Media+(Gr.+6):+means+of+communicating++
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
+
Medium+(Gr.+7):+version+of+a+text+(e.g.,+audio,+video,+multimedia)+
+
Memoir+(Gr.+5):+a+narrative+composed+from+a+personal+experience+that+focuses+on+the+
significance+of+the+relationship+between+the+writer+and+another+individual+(or+thing)+and+is+
supported+by+memories+of+specific+experiences+
“In+a+memoir,+an+author+tries+to+say+something+important+about+himself+or+herself.+
The+memoir+says+‘This+was+the+best+moment+of+my+childhood’+or+‘My+love+of+music+
made+me+who+I+am+today.’+Memoirs+often+contain+one+or+more+personal+narratives,+
but+they+may+be+structured+as+lists+rather+than+as+stories.+Always,+they+contain+the+
element+of+reflection.”+Calkins,+p.+v$in+Small+Moments:+Personal+Narrative+Writing.++
+
Metaphor+(Gr.+4):+when+one+thing+is+described+as+being+another+thing+(Ex.+we+are+all+a+
flickering+light);+different+from+simile+because+it+leaves+out+the+words+“like”+or+“as”++
+
Meter+(Gr.+4):+a+rhythmic+pattern+in+a+poem+
+
Mood+(Gr.+3):+the+way+the+author+makes+the+reader+feel+
+
Moral+(Gr.+2):+a+lesson+that+can+be+taken+away+from+a+story+
+
Motivation+(Gr.3):+the+reason+someone+does+what+they+do+
+
Multimedia+Presentation+(Gr.+5):+the+use+of+a+variety+of+forms,+such+as+audio,+still+images,+
animation,+video+or+interactivity,+to+communicate+a+message+to+an+audience+
+
Multiple+Interpretations+(Gr.+11L12):+an+explanation+of+the+meaning,+considering+more+than+
one+explanation+
+
Myth+(Gr.+3):+a+story+that+was+told+in+an+ancient+culture+to+explain+a+practice,+belief,+or+
natural+occurrence+
+
Mystery+(Gr.+5):+a+type+of+fiction+in+which+someone,+such+as+a+detective,+solves+a+crime+(Ex.+
Cam+Jansen+books,+A+to+Z+Mystery+books,+Hardy+Boys+and+Nancy+Drew+books)+
+
Mythology+(Gr.+4):+a+collection+of+myths+belonging+to+a+culture+
+
+
N+Narrator+(Gr.+1):+someone+telling+the+story+who+may+or+may+not+be+part+of+the+story+
+
NonLessential+(Gr.+4):+unnecessary,+unimportant+
+
NonLLiteral+Language+(Gr.+3):+(Use+the+word+“implied”+in+definition)+words+and+phrases+
that+have+an+implied+meaning;+opposite+of+literal+language+
+
+
O+Objective+(Gr.+7):+not+influenced+by+personal+feelings+or+opinions+
+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
Omit+/+Include+(Gr.+4):+to+leave+something+out;+opposite+of+including+
+
Oral+Presentation+of+a+text+(Gr.+4):+a+written+text+that+is+read+aloud+
+
Oxymoron+(Gr.+9L10):+a+figure+of+speech+in+which+two+opposites+are+joined+to+create+an+
effect+(e.g.,+cruel+kindness)+
+
+
P+Pacing+(Gr.+9L10):+how+quickly+or+how+slowly+the+writer+takes+a+reader+through+a+story+
+
Paradox+(Gr.+11L12):+a+statement+that+appears+to+be+selfLcontradictory+but+may+include+a+
latent+truth+(e.g.,+“I+must+be+cruel+to+be+kind.”+~+Hamlet)+
+
Paragraph+(Gr.+2):+a+group+of+sentences,+all+about+the+same+idea,+grouped+together++
+
Parallel+Plot+(Gr.+9L10):+a+secondary+plot,+or+a+strand+of+the+main+plot+that+runs+parallel+to+it+
and+supports+it;+two+or+more+dramatic+plots+that+are+usually+linked+by+a+common+character+
and+a+similar+theme+
+
Paraphrase+(Gr.+4):+to+put+in+different+words+
+
Pathos+(Gr.+9L10):+appeals+to+the+audience’s+emotions;+the+writer+can+make+the+audience+
feel+sorrow,+shame,+sympathy,+embarrassment,+anger,+excitement,+or+fear+
+
Pattern+of+Events+(Gr.+4):+a+basic+plot+pattern+that+is+used+in+many+stories++
+
“The+Quest”+Pattern+of+Event:+the+main+character+goes+on+a+journey+into+the+
unknown,+often+to+search+for+an+important+object+or+reach+a+goal,+facing+many+
obstacles+along+the+way.+The+person+usually+gains+the+prize+–+or+learns+something+in+
the+process+of+losing+it.+(Ex.+Wizard$of$Oz,$Harry$Potter$and$the$Deathly$Hallows)+
+
“Rags+to+Riches”+Pattern+of+Event:+the+main+character,+who+has+little+or+no+resources+
in+the+beginning+of+the+story,+finds+power+and/or+wealth+in+the+end.+(Ex.+Cinderella,+
Annie,$movie:+The$Pursuit$of$Happiness)+
+
“The+Rescue”+Pattern+of+Event:+the+main+character+is+either+in+need+of+rescue+or+must+
rescue+someone+else.+Adventure+stories+often+follow+this+pattern.+(Ex.+Shrek,+Beauty+
and+the+Beast)+
+
“Rivalry”+Pattern+of+Event:+tension+is+created+by+competition+between+two+
characters.+(Ex.+Sleeping+Beauty,+Lion+King,+movie:+You+Again)+
+
“The+Surprise"+Pattern+of+Event:+the+main+character+misunderstands+what+is+
happening+around+him/her.+The+high+point+reveals+a+surprise+that+explains+
everything.+(Ex.+The+Empty+Pot)+
+
Underdog:+someone+overcomes+overwhelming+odds.+(Ex.+Holes,$movie:+The$Bad$
News$Bears)+
+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
Perceive+(Gr.+6):+to+understand+or+interpret+something+in+a+particular+way+
+
Person+(Gr.+K):+a+man,+woman,+boy+or+girl+
+
Personal+Opinions+(Gr.+6):+an+individual’s+beliefs+or+judgments++
+
Personification+(Gr.+6):+figurative+language+that+gives+human+traits+to+nonLliving+objects++
+
Perspective+(Gr.+3):+a+person's+mental+view+or+outlook+on+something+
+
Photograph+(Gr.+2):+a+picture+made+by+a+camera +
Phrase+(Gr.+2):+a+group+of+words+that+expresses+an+idea+but+is+not+a+sentence+
+
Physical+Traits+(Gr.+3):+details+about+the+way+someone+looks++
+
Place+(Gr.+K):+where+something+is+located+
+
Plot+(Gr.+2):+the+main+sequence+of+events+that+form+a+story+
Elements+of+Plot+(Gr.+5):+there+are+five+essential+elements+of+plot+
(introduction/exposition,+rising+action,+turning+point/climax,+falling+action,+
resolution)+sometimes+referred+to+as+a+“plot+mountain”++
+
Exposition+(Gr.+5)+/+Introduction+(Gr.+2):+the+beginning+of+the+story+where+the+
character(s),+setting+and+often+the+conflict+or+main+problem+is+revealed+ +
Rising+Action+(Gr.+4):+after+the+exposition,+the+main+problem+or+conflict+is+dealt+with+
by+some+kind+of+action;+there+is+a+building+of+interest+or+suspense++
++
Turning+Point+(Gr.+4)+/+Climax+(Gr.+5):+this+is+the+highest+point+of+interest+and+the+
physical+or+emotional+turning+point+of+the+story.+ +
Falling+Action+(Gr.+5):+shows+the+result+of+the+actions+or+decisions+the+character+has+
made+
+
Resolution+(Gr.+5):+the+conclusion+of+the+story,+where+the+conflicts+are+resolved+and+
loose+ends+are+tied+up+
+
Plot+Mountain+(Gr.+4):+a+diagram+or+map+of+a+story's+structure+
+
Poem+(Gr.+K):+a+literary+work+that+uses+concise,+colorful,+often+rhythmic+language+to+express+
ideas+or+emotions+and+is+often+made+up+of+lines+grouped+into+stanzas+
+
Point+(Gr.+K):+an+idea+that+you+try+to+make+other+people+accept+or+understand+
+
Point+of+View+(Gr.+2):+a+person’s+opinion+or+perspective+on+a+topic;+a+way+of+looking+at+or+
thinking+about+something.+In+a+story,+this+refers+to+both+the+perspective+from+which+the+
story+is+told+(e.g.,+first+or+third+person+narration)+as+well+as+a+character’s+feelings+or+
opinions+toward+an+event+or+character+in+the+story.+Point+of+view+in+an+informational+text+
refers+to+a+person’s+perspective+or+opinion+on+a+topic.+CCSS#Definition:+Chiefly+in+literary+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
texts,+the+narrative+point+of+view+(as+in+firstL+or+thirdLperson+narration);+more+broadly,+the+
position+or+perspective+conveyed+or+represented+by+an+author,+narrator,+speaker,+or+
character+
++
First+Person+(Gr.+4):+a+narrator+who+participates+in+the+action+of+the+story;+tells+the+
story+as+though+he/she+was+there+(Ex.+“My+name+is+Yoon.+I+came+from+Korea,+a+country+
far+away.”$My$Name$Is$Yoon)++
Third+Person+(Gr.+4):+someone+outside+of+the+story+tells+what+happens++
Third+Person+Omniscient+(Gr.+5):+an+allLknowing+narrator+that+not+only+knows+and+
tells+what+each+character+is+doing,+but+also+what+the+characters+are+thinking+and+
feeling+throughout+the+story+(Ex.+“Hansel+walked+ahead+of+Gretel;+after+all,+he+knew+he+
belonged+in+the+front+because+Gretel+was+just+a+girl.+Gretel+dropped+breadcrumbs+behind+her+
as+she+went,+knowing+that+her+bumbling+brother+couldn’t+be+counted+on+to+find+his+way+
home+from+the+outhouse,+let+alone+from+the+middle+of+the+woods.+Ahead+of+them,+an+old+
witch+waited,+her+stomach+rumbling+at+the+thought+of+what+a+delicious+dinner+the+two+
plump+children+would+make.”+Hansel$and$Gretel)+++
Third+Person+Limited+(Gr.+5):+the+narrator+knows+and+tells+what+only+one+character+
is+doing,+thinking+and+feeling+(Ex.+“Harry+had+taken+up+his+place+at+wizard+school,+
where+he+and+his+scar+were+famous+...+but+now+the+school+year+was+over,+and+he+was+
back+with+the+Dursleys+for+the+summer,+back+to+being+treated+like+a+dog+that+had+
rolled+in+something+smelly.+The+Dursleys+hadn't+even+remembered+that+today+
happened+to+be+Harry's+twelfth+birthday.+Of+course,+his+hopes+hadn't+been+high...” Harry$Potter$and$the$Chamber$of$Secrets)++
Second+Person:+the+narrator+addresses+the+reader+directly+as+though+the+reader+is+
part+of+the+story.+(i.e.+“You+walk+into+your+bedroom.++You+see+clutter+everywhere+
and…”)+(Delete?)+
+
Portrayal+(Gr.+7):+a+description+or+representation+of+something+or+someone+
+
Prefix+(Gr.+2):++letters+added+to+the+beginning+of+a+word+that+changes+the+meaning+of+the+
word+
+
Premise+(Gr.+11L12):+a+proposition+upon+which+an+argument+is+based+or+from+which+a+
conclusion+is+drawn.+In+logic,+a+premise+is+one+of+the+propositions+in+a+deductive+argument+
and+either+the+major+or+minor+proposition+of+a+syllogism,+from+which+the+conclusion+is+
drawn.+
+
Primary+Source+(Gr.+4):+original+documents+and+objects+created+at+the+time+under+study;+
firsthand+accounts+
+
Problem+(Gr.+K):+a+struggle;+something+that+causes+a+character+trouble,+worry,+etc.+
+
Problem+/+Solution+(Gr.+3):+Identifies+a+problem+and+offers+possible+solution(s)+(e.g.,+
problem+of+pollution+and+possible+solutions)+
+
Procedure+(Gr.+1):+a+particular+way+of+doing+something+
+
Propel+(Gr.+8):+to+drive+or+push+forward+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
+
Prose+(Gr.+4):+writing+that+is+like+talking,+not+poetry+
+
Proverb+(Gr.+4):+a+brief+popular+saying+(such+as+“Too+many+cooks+spoil+the+broth”)+that+
gives+advice+about+how+people+should+live+or+that+expresses+a+belief+that+is+generally+
thought+to+be+true+
+
Provoke+(Gr.+8):+to+cause+someone+to+want+to+do+or+feel+something++
+
Pun+(Gr.+8):+a+joke+exploiting+the+different+possible+meanings+of+a+word+or+the+fact+that+
there+are+words+that+sound+alike+but+have+different+meanings+
+
Purpose+(Gr.+2):+the+reason+why+something+is+done+
+
+
Q+Quantitative+(Gr.+11L12):+describing+or+measuring+of+quantity+(amount+rather+than+quality)+
+
Question+(Gr.+K):+a+sentence,+phrase,+or+word+that+asks+for+information++
+
Quote+(Gr.+5):+a+word,+phrase,+sentence,+or+paragraph+taken+directly+from+the+text,+word+for+
word,+and+set+apart+with+quotation+marks+
+
Quotation+Marks+(Gr.+2):+a+punctuation+mark+used+in+pairs+(“+”+or+‘+’)+used+to+show+the+
beginning+and+the+end+of+the+exact+words+someone+says+
+
+
R+Realistic+Fiction+(Gr.+4):+stories+that+could+have+actually+occurred+to+people+or+animals+in+a+
believable+setting+
+
Reason+(Gr.+K):+a+statement+or+fact+that+explains+why+something+is+the+way+it+is,+why+
someone+does,+thinks,+or+says+something,+or+why+someone+behaves+a+certain+way+
+
Recount+(Gr.+2):+retell+in+detail+and+in+order,+using+character’s+names+as+appropriate+
+
Refine+(Gr.+9L10):+improve+by+making+small+changes+or+adding+small+details+
+
Reflect+(Gr.+4):+to+give+an+impression+of+something+
+
Regular+Beat+(Gr.+2):+the+rhythmic+sequence+or+flow+of+words+or+sounds++
+
Relationship+(Gr.+3):+the+way+in+which+two+or+more+concepts,+objects,+or+people+are+
connected+
+
Relevant+(Gr.+3):+closely+connected+or+appropriate+++
+
Religious+Works+(Gr.+8):+texts+pertaining+to+a+religion+
+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
Repeated+Lines+(Gr.+2):+a+line+that+is+repeated+(e.g.,+'War+is+Kind'+by+Stephen+Crane,+the+line+
"Do+not+weep.+War+is+kind"+is+repeated)+
+
Repetition+(Gr.+7):+the+act+of+repeating+something+
+
Representation+(Gr.+9L10):+the+description+or+portrayal+of+someone+or+something+in+a+
particular+way+
+
Respond+(Gr.+2):+how+a+person+reacts,+in+words+or+actions,+to+an+event+
+
Retell+(Gr.+K):+to+tell+a+story+in+your+own+words,+mostly+in+order+and+using+character’s+
names+as+appropriate+
+
Rhetorical+Device+(Gr.+11L12):+a+technique+that+an+author+or+speaker+uses+to+convey+to+the+
listener+or+reader+a+meaning+with+the+goal+of+persuading+him+or+her+towards+considering+a+
topic+from+a+different+perspective+a+use+of+language+that+is+intended+to+have+an+effect+on+its+
audience+
+
Rhetorical+Feature+(Gr.+11L12):+any+characteristic+of+a+text+that+helps+convince+readers+of+a+
certain+point+of+view+
+
Rhetorical+Strategies+(Gr.+11L12):+the+means+by+which+a+writer,+for+example,+persuades+his+
audience+to+accept+and+embrace+his+point+of+view+
+
Rhyme+(Gr.+2):+two+or+more+words+that+end+in+the+same+sounds+(e.g.,+cat,+splat)+
+
Rhythm+(Gr.+2):+a+regular+beat+or+pattern+of+beats+
+
Root+(Gr.+4):+a+word+or+word+part+from+which+other+words+are+formed+
+
Root+Word+/+Base+Word+(Gr.+2):+a+word+that+does+not+have+a+prefix+or+a+suffix+added +
+
S+Same+(Gr.+K):+the+way+two+or+more+things+that+are+like+each+other+
+
Scientific+Ideas+/+Concepts+(Gr.+2):++any+ideas+or+concepts+that+relate+to+science++
+
Scene+(Gr.+3):+the+parts+a+drama+is+divided+into++
+
Script+(Gr.+8):+the+written+text+of+a+play+or+movie+
+
Search+Tools+(Gr.+3):+a+tool+that+helps+people+locate+information+on+the+computer+
+
Secondary+Source+(Gr.+4):+a+text+that+explains+or+interprets+an+event,+but+is+not+a+firsthand+
account+of+the+event+
+
Secondhand+Account+(Gr.+4):+a+description+or+retelling+of+an+event,+told+by+a+person+who+did+
not+witness+the+event,+but+got+information+from+other+sources+
+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
Seminal+U.S.+Document+(Gr.+9L10):+the+fundamental,+prescient,+important,+primary+
documents+of+historical+significance+to+the+founding+of+the+United+States+(e.g.,+Gettysburg+
Address,+The+Constitution,+Bill+of+Rights,+Roosevelt’s+Four+Freedoms+speech,+etc.)+
+
Sensory+words+(Gr.+1):+words+that+relate+to+the+five+senses+(e.g.,+rubbery,+sour,+blinding,+
screeching)+
+
Sequence+(Gr.+3):+the+order+in+which+things+happen++
+
Sequential+Order+(Gr.+3):+the+order+in+which+things+happen+(e.g.,+first,+second,+third,+etc.)+
+
Series+(Gr.+5):+a+number+of+things+or+events+that+are+arranged+or+happen+one+after+the+other+
+
Setting+(Gr.+K):+the+time+and+place+in+which+a+story+takes+place+
+
Shape+(Gr.+7):+the+way+something+is+developed+by+details+
+
Sidebar+(Gr.+3):+a+brief+section+of+text+that+appears+alongside+a+more+detailed+discussion+of+a+
subject,+often+separated+graphically+in+a+box.+
+
Significant+(Gr.+4):+major+or+important+
+
Simile+(Gr.+4):+a+phrase+that+uses+the+words+like+or+as+to+describe+someone+or+something+by+
comparing+it+with+someone+or+something+else+that+is+similar.+The+comparison+of+one+thing+
directly+to+another+(Ex.+my+love+is+like+a+burning+flame)++
+
Situation+(Gr.+5):+a+set+of+circumstances,+often+established+in+the+exposition+of+a+story+(e.g.,+
an+event+that+gets+the+story+going,+a+problem+the+character+must+solve+or+a+goal+the+
character+wants+to+achieve)+
+
Solution+(Gr.+4):+the+solving+of+a+problem+
+
Solve+(Gr.+K):+to+find+a+way+to+deal+with+and+end+a+problem;+to+find+the+correct+answer+to;+to+
find+the+correct+explanation+for+something+
+
Song+(Gr.+2):+a+short+piece+of+music+that+often+has+words+that+are+sung+
+
Sound+Reasoning+(Gr.+7):+reasoning+without+error+or+misinterpretation+
+
Speaker+(Gr.+5):+the+voice+behind$the+poem+–+the+person+we+imagine+to+be+speaking,+but+not$
the+poet+him/herself+
+
Stage+Directions+(Gr.+4):+an+instruction+or+description+given+to+an+actor+or+director+that+is+
written+into+the+script+of+a+drama++
+
Stanza+(Gr.+3):+lines+in+a+poem+purposefully+grouped+together+in+a+section;+a+poetry+term+for+
paragraph+
+
Step+(Gr.+2):+one+action+in+a+series+of+actions+(e.g.+the+first+step+in+making+apple+pie+is+to+
gather+the+ingredients)+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
+
Story+(Gr.+K):+an+account+of+imaginary+or+real+events+told+for+the+purpose+of+entertainment+
or+to+help+someone+relate+to+something+emotionally+
+
Story+Elements+(Gr.+2):+the+parts+that+all+stories+include,+characters,+setting,+conflict,+plot+
and+theme+
+
Structure+(Gr.+2):+the+pattern+or+organization+of+a+text++
Story+Structure+(Gr.+2):+the+way+the+author+introduces+and+develops+the+characters,+
setting+and+events+in+a+story++
• Chronological+(Gr.+8):+tells+the+story+in+the+order+it+happened,+from+beginning+
to+end+
• Flashback+(Gr.+8):+a+transition+in+a+story+to+an+earlier+time,+that+interrupts+the+
normal+chronological+order+of+events+to+present+something+that+occurred+
before+the+beginning+of+the+story++
• Flashforward+(Gr.+8):+a+transition+in+a+story+that+interrupts+the+normal+
chronological+order+of+events+to+present+something+that+occurs+in+the+future+
+
Informational+Text+Structures+(Gr.+4):+
• Problem/Solution:+identifies+a+problem+and+offers+possible+solution(s)+(e.g.,+
problem+of+pollution+and+possible+solutions)+
• Cause/Effect:+explains+how+or+why+something+happened+(e.g.,+the+causes+of+
forest+fires)+
• Comparison$or$Compare/Contrast:+a+description+of+the+similarities+and+
differences+between+two+or+more+things+or+ideas+(e.g.,+how+polar+bears+and+
grizzly+bears+are+alike+and+different)+
• Chronology$or$Sequence:+information+is+told+in+the+order+it+happened+(e.g.,+
biography)+or+a+list+of+steps+in+a+procedure+(e.g.,+howLto+text)+
• Descriptive:+outlines+or+lists+details;+a+detailed+description+of+something,+
using+one+or+more+of+the+five+senses,+to+give+the+reader+a+mental+picture+of+
the+topic+(e.g.,+a+description+of+a+rain+forest)+
+
Structural+Elements+(Gr.+4):+an+important+characteristic+or+feature+
+ Structural$elements$of$poetry:+verse,+rhythm,+meter+
Structural$elements$of$drama:+casts+of+characters,+settings,+descriptions,+dialogue,+
stage+directions+
+ Structural$elements$of$a$story:+characters,+setting,+events,+problem,+solution+
+
Style+(Gr.+8):+the+distinctive+way+that+a+writer+uses+language+including+such+factors+as+word+
choice,+sentence+length,+arrangement,+and+complexity,+and+the+use+of+figurative+language+
and+imagery+ +
Subjective+(Gr.+7):+based+on+or+influenced+by+personal+feelings,+tastes,+or+opinions+
+
Subheading+(Gr.+2):+a+title+given+to+one+of+the+parts+or+sections+of+a+text+
+
Successive+(Gr.+3):+in+a+row;+following+one+after+the+other+in+a+series+
+
Sufficient+(Gr.+7):+enough;+adequate+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
+
Suffix+(Gr.+2):+letters+added+to+the+end+of+a+word+that+changes+the+meaning+of+the+word+
+
Summarize+(Gr.+4):+to+sum+up;+to+retell+the+main+ideas+/+points+of+an+informational+text+or+
the+main+events+in+a+story+
+
Support+(Gr.+K):+evidence+that+shows+something+is+true+
+
Supporting+Ideas+(Gr.+8):+details,+such+as+facts,+statements+and+examples,+which+guide+us+to+
a+full+understanding+of+the+main+idea;+details+that+clarify,+illuminate,+explain,+describe,+
expand+and+illustrate+the+main+idea++
+
Suspense+(Gr.+8):+a+feeling+of+excitement,+curiosity,+or+expectation+about+what+will+happen++
+
Synonym+(Gr.+3):+a+word+that+has+the+same+meaning+as+another+word+in+the+same+language+
+
+
T))Table+(Gr.+3):+a+display+of+data+(e.g.,+words,+numbers,+signs)+usually+in+rows+and+columns+
+
Table+of+Contents+(Gr.+1):+a+list+that+is+placed+at+the+beginning+of+some+books,+showing+the+
sections+of+the+book+and+the+page+numbers+for+each+section+
+
Technical+Meanings+(Gr.+6):+the+meaning+of+a+term+specific+to+a+content+area+or+topic+
+
Technique+(Gr.+7):+a+method+of+accomplishing+something+
+
Tension+(Gr.+9L10):+a+sense+of+heightened+involvement,+uncertainty,+and+interest+an+
audience+experiences+as+the+climax+of+the+action+approaches+
+
Text+(Gr.+K):+ideas+communicated+through+written+words+and+images+(e.g.,+stories,+books,+
poems,+videos,+paintings,+etc.)+
+
Text+Features+(Gr.+1):+components,+often+print+features+or+images,++of+a+text+that+are+not+part+
of+the+main+body+of+the+text;+helps+readers+find+and+understand+the+information+in+an+
informational+text++
+
Theme+(Gr.+3):+the+central+message+of+a+story;+an+important+belief+or+lesson+about+life+the+
author+is+trying+to+share+with+the+reader+of+a+story,+drama+or+poem;+may+be+stated+directly+
or+indirectly+++*Note:+Theme+is+not+one+word,+such+as+love.$Love+would+be+the+topic.+Theme+
answers+the+question,+“What$about$love?”+
+
Thesaurus+(Gr.+4):+a+resource+that+provides+synonyms+for+a+word+
+
Thing+(Gr.+K):+an+object+
+
Title+Page+(Gr.+K):+a+page+at+the+beginning+of+the+book+that+gives+the+title,+author,+illustrator+
and+other+publication+information+
+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
Tone+(Gr.+5):+the+implied+attitude+or+outlook+of+the+writer+toward+the+subject+or+audience++
+
Topic+(Gr.+K):+who+or+what+the+text+is+about,+usually+expressed+in+one+or+two+words+(Ex.+
spiders)+
+
Trace+(Gr.+6):+to+outline+or+follow+the+course+of;+outline+
+
Traditional+Literature+(Gr.+4):+stories+passed+down+through+oral+storytelling+from+
generation+to+generation+
+
Tragic+Resolution+(Gr.+11L12):+a+conflict+in+which+the+protagonist+loses+ground;+he+or+she+is+
worse+off+than+when+the+tale+began+
+
Trait+(Gr.+3):+a+quality+of+a+person+that+can+be+seen+in+what+they+think,+say+and+do+
+
Treatment+(Gr.+4):+the+manner+in+which+something+is+dealt+with+
+
+
U+Understand+(Gr.+2):+to+have+knowledge+about+something+
+
Unknown+Word+(Gr.+K):+a+word+that+you+do+not+understand+
+
V+Verbal+Irony+(Gr.+8):+when+a+person+says+one+thing+and+means+another++
+
Verse+(Gr.+4):+a+division+or+grouping+of+words+in+a+poem+
+
Version+(Gr.+2):+a+form+of+something+(e.g.,+a+story)+that+is+different+in+some+way+from+other+
forms+
+
Viewpoint+(Gr.+6):+the+particular+way+you+see+the+world,+your+distinct+perspective+on+
things;+point+of+view+
+
Visual+Elements+(Gr.+3):+the+parts+of+a+text+that+appeal+to+the+sense+of+sight+including+
images,+use+of+color+and+absence+of+color,+layout+or+spatial+arrangement+on+the+page,+words+
including+titles,+headlines,+captions,+and+the+type+and+size+of+font+of+the+words+including+
caps+or+no+caps,+size+of+letters,+italics,+bold,+etc.+
+
Visual+Presentation+of+a+Text+(Gr.+4):+a+text+that+someone+acts+out+either+through+a+live+
performance,+such+as+in+a+play,+or+in+a+recorded+version,+such+as+a+video+
+
Voice+(Gr.+2):+the+sounds+someone+makes+when+they+talk+that+are+unique+to+that+person+
+
+
W+Web+Page+(Gr.+4):+a+hypertext+document+on+the+World+Wide+Web+that+can+incorporate+text,+
graphics,+sounds,+etc.+
+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
Wonderings+(Gr.+K):+something+you+want+to+learn+or+know+more+about;+to+think+about+something+with+curiosity+
+
Word+Choice+(Gr.+6):+an+author’s+thoughtful+and+purposeful+selection+of+language+in+a+text+
+
Works+of+Public+Advocacy+(Gr.+11L12):+texts+written+to+examine+the+meaning+of+civic+virtue+
and/or+democratic+values+(e.g.,+presidential+addresses);+text+written+to+extol+or+examine+
issues+for+the+“common+good”+of+society+(e.g.,+The+Federalist+papers)+
+
X++
+
Y++
+
Z++
+
+
Springfield+District+186;+Literacy+Dept.,+June+2015+
+
Teacher)Definitions+DomainLspecific+words+and+phrases:+Vocabulary+specific+to+a+particular+field+of+study+
(domain),+such+as+the+human+body+(CCSS,+p.+33);+in+the+Standards,+domainRspecific$words$
and$phrases$are+analogous+to+Tier+Three+words+(Language,+p.+33).++
+
Independent(ly):+A+student+performance+done+without+scaffolding$from+a+teacher,+other+
adult,+or+peer;+in+the+Standards,+often+paired+with+proficient(ly)+to+suggest+a+successful+
student+performance+done+without+scaffolding;+in+the+Reading+standards,+the+act+of+reading+
a+text+without+scaffolding,+as+in+an+assessment;+see+also+proficient(ly),+scaffolding$+
+
With+prompting+and+Support+/+Scaffolding:+Temporary+guidance+or+assistance+provided+to+
a+student+by+a+teacher,+another+adult,+or+a+more+capable+peer,+enabling+the+student+to+
perform+a+task+he+or+she+otherwise+would+not+be+able+to+do+alone,+with+the+goal+of+fostering+
the+student’s+capacity+to+perform+the+task+on+his+or+her+own+later+on+
+
Proficient(ly):+A+student+performance+that+meets+the+criterion+established+in+the+Standards+
as+measured+by+a+teacher+or+assessment;+in+the+Standards,+often+paired+with+
independent(ly)+to+suggest+a+successful+student+perforL+mance+done+without+scaffolding;+in+
the+Reading+standards,+the+act+of+reading+a+text+with+comprehension;+see+also+
independent(ly),+scaffolding$+
+
Short+research+project:+An+investigation+intended+to+address+a+narrowly+tailored+query+in+a+
brief+period+of+time,+as+in+a+few+class+periods+or+a+week+of+instructional+time++
+
Technical+subjects:+A+course+devoted+to+a+practical+study,+such+as+engineering,+technology,+
design,+business,+or+other+workforceLrelated+subject;+a+technical+aspect+of+a+wider+field+of+
study,+such+as+art+or+music++
+
+
+
+
Note:+Go+to+Appendix+A+when+deconstructing+reading+foundation+skills+(phonics)+
