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Glycolysis and Cellular
Respiration
Harvesting Energy
Cellular Respiration
• Harvesting of energy (in the form of
ATP) from food molecules by cells.
Let’s Focus on Glucose!!!
Aerobic Cellular RespirationC6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + chemical and heat energy
Stages of Cellular RespirationGlycolysis
_________________________________
Transition Reaction
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Chemiosmosis
Glycolysis
Glucose
moleculeC6H12O6
6 carbon atoms
Glycolysis
2 ATP
4 ATP
“Priming the pump”
pyruvate pyruvate
NADH
NAD+
Stages of Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
_________________________________
Transition Reaction
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Chemiosmosis
Transition Reaction
pyruvate pyruvate
Transition Reaction
pyruvate pyruvate
Carbon
dioxide
CO2
Carbon
dioxide
CO2
Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA
NADH NADH
Stages of Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
_________________________________
Transition Reaction
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Chemiosmosis
Krebs Cycle
Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA
Carbon
dioxide
CO2
Carbon
dioxide
CO2
Carbon
dioxide
CO2
Carbon
dioxide
CO2
FADH2 NADH NADHFADH2
ATP ATP
3 3
1 1
1 1
Stages of Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
_________________________________
Transition Reaction
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Chemiosmosis
Electron Transport Chain
Electron transport
chain
matrix
Intermembrane
compartment
ATP synthesizing
enzyme
Channel protein
Electron Transport ChainNADH
FADH2
Electron Transport Chain
NADH NAD+
2e- H+
Electron Transport Chain
NADH NAD+
H+
2e-
H+H+
Electron Transport Chain
FADH2 FAD+
3 e- 2 H+
Electron Transport Chain
FADH2 FAD+
3e-
H+ H+ H+
Electron Transport Chain
e-
H+ H+
H+
H+
H+ H+
H+
H+H+
H+
2 H+ + 1/2 O2H2O
Electron Transport Chain
e-
H+ H+
H+
H+
H+ H+
H+
H+H+
H+
2 H+ + 1/2 O2H2OOxygen is the final
electron acceptor
Chemiosmosis
H+ H+
H+
H+
H+ H+
H+
H+H+
H+High H+
concentration
Low H+
concentration
H+
ADP ATP34 ATP
produced!
Summing Up
(Aerobic Cellular Respiration)
• Glycolysis 2 ATP
• Transition Reaction 0 ATP
• Krebs Cycle 2 ATP
• Electron Transport Chain 0 ATP
• Chemiosmosis 34 ATP
-----------------------------------------------------
• Total 38 ATP
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvate
C3H4O3
Lactate
C3H6O3
Lactate
C3H6O3
Pyruvate
C3H4O3
NADH
NAD+
NADH
NAD+
Making Beer and Bread
Alcohol Fermentation
• Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
1 Cup Sugar
¼ teaspoon
Active Yeast
Mix
1 Tablespoon
Root Beer
Extract
Fill ½ with water then swirl; Then fill to neck and screw cap on
tightly
Room temperature about three to
four days until the bottle feels hard to
a forceful squeeze.
Move to a cool place (below 65 F).
Refrigerate overnight to thoroughly
chill before serving.
Louis Pasteur
• First to describe
alcoholic
fermentation
– discovered yeast as
the organism that
turned sugar into
alcohol
• Pasteur Effect
Pasteur Effect
Tube 1 Tube 2
Yeast
Nutrients
Air
Yeast
Nutrients
No air
Glucose use
Which uses more?
Pasteur Effect
Time
GlucoseConc.
1 21
2
Air
No Air
Pasteur Effect
• Tube 1 (Air)
– Aerobic Cellular
Respiration
– How many ATP’s
generated per
glucose?
– 38 ATP
• Tube 2 (No Air)
– Fermentation
– How many ATP’s
generated per
glucose?
– 2 ATP
Pasteur Effect
Time
Carbon dioxideConc.
1 2
1
2
Air
No Air
Making Red Wine
• Foam cap
– CO2
Alcohol Fermentation
Pyruvate
C3H4O3
Acetaldehyde
C2H4O
Acetaldehyde
C2H4O
Pyruvate
C3H4O3
CO2CO2
Alcohol Fermentation
Acetaldehyde
C2H4O
Ethanol
C2H5OH
Ethanol
C2H5OH
Acetaldehyde
C2H4O
NADH
NAD+
NADH
NAD+
Summing Up
(Fermentation)
• Glycolysis 2 ATP
-----------------------------------------------------
• Total 2 ATP
