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GOVERNANCE, CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE "NEW"
AFRICA
PIA 2574
“An End of Class Editorial”
Corny but…
The Primacy of the African Nation-State- How sovereign
a. Impact of trans-national actors
b. Issue of micro-states
c. Rational Actor model- public or social choice theory
Swaziland; 6,000 square milesPopulation, 1.1 million
The Primacy of the African Nation-State- How sovereign
d. Collective choice is it non-rational? Is it more than an aggregate of individuals?
e. The role of international regimes- UN, World Bank, IMF, etc. New International Order (NIO)
Targeting Economic Groups
Democracy: What is it?
Democracy and:
1. Governance
2. Local Government
3. Civil Society
Types of Democracy
• Direct Democracy
• Indirect Democracy
• Pluralism vs. Polyarchy
• Civil Society
• Cooperative Movement
Review: James Madison and Democracy:
The problem with majorities
Tyranny
Factions
Direct Democracy vs. Representative Democracy
Populism vs. Minority rights
Shifting majorities
Problem with
Plebiscites
Guinea 1958 “No” Vote
Definitions of Democracy in Africa
The First Issue: Opposition vs. Consensus
The Second Issue: “A Chief is a Chief by the People”
Ashante, Ghana
Definitions of Democracy: Review
Presidential Systems- Separation of Powers
Parliamentary systems- Representation and Fusion
Traditional Africa- Consensus and hierarchy
South Africa’s Parliament
Defining Democracy
Village democracy and talking things out
Ubuntu, Ujamaa and Humanism
How Collective, How Market Friendly
THE INSTITUTIONAL STATE
What is the "Institutional State?“
Why is it important?
The Institutional State:
Civil Society
Institutionalized
Norms
Stable Government
The Institutional State:
Permanent Government: The Administrative apparatus
Goal: Muted Cultural Differences
Defining Bureaucracy- the permanent government
The Institutional State: The Reality
Breakdown of Governance
Bureaucracy and
Corruption
Military Coups
The Institutional State: The Reality
Self Serving Bureaucrats
Bureaucratic Elites
Civil War-Violence: Inter-state Conflict and African Development
Governance and Sovereignty-
Rules of the Game politics: Zero/sum vs. sum/sum politics
"Splintering"- the break up of states- centrifugal forces
Interest Group Liberalism-how real?
Civil Society as organizational, not individual, or the mass.
Congo Wars
Governance and Sovereignty-
The need for apathy?
Constitutional vs. social stability
Institutional structures and Checks and balances:
Traditional Society:
Forms of Traditional Influence in Local Government
Grass Roots- traditional governance mechanisms governance in sub-Saharan Africa
The Answer or the Problem?
Traditional Influence-Review
1. Full Meeting (Town Hall style)- Direct Democracy
2. Pure Form- Traditional Councils (Appointed)
3. Partial- Half Elected/Half Traditional 4. Technical- deconcentrated.
Department heads and Traditional (No Elections
African Justice?
Traditional Influence
5. Specialized- Judicial Function
6. Specialized Partial- Land Board (2 Trad., 2 LG, 2 Cen. Gov.)
7. Bicameral- Traditional as an upper house
J.M. Coetzee, Disgrace (London: Penguin, 1999).
Born, 1940
Cyprian Ekwensi, People of the City (London: Heineman, 1954)
1921-2007
Peter Abrahams, Mine Boy (London: Heineman, 1946)
Born: 1919
Discussion Points
HOW IMPORTANT IS DEMOCRACY FOR DEVELOPMENT?
HOW REALISTIC IS CIVIL SOCIETY IN AFRICA?
CAN GOVERNMENT BE STABILIZED?
Discussion
What have you been Reading?
What Should your colleagues read?
Logistics?