New France and British North America

Grade 7 HistoryUnit 1

Let’s Set the Stage

Who lived in North America? How many people? How long were they here? How did they get to North America? What language did they speak? What was their lifestyle like? Did they have government? Religion? Was it a peaceful time? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQRJzsoE70E Did the First Nations Peoples own North America?

ANSWER IN YOUR BINDER. What would they say if you asked them? ANSWER IN

YOUR BINDER. HOW DO YOU GAIN PROPERTY? ANSWER IN YOUR

BINDER.

Before the 1500s

What does this term mean?

In order to understand a historical perspective, what information do we need?

Why are historical perspectives important to the study of history?

Historical Perspectives

What did Europeans think about the First Nations Peoples when they first arrived?

What did First Nations think of Europeans?

Examine the following picture to assist your thinking.

First Impressions

This painting depicts Jacques Cartier meeting a group of First Nations in New Brunswick.

Who painted this?

What does this picture tell you?

How would these people perceive each other?

1. What are these objects?

2. How do you think Europeans would react to these objects?

3. Who had more information about the other group—Europeans or First Nations? Explain.

This is a picture of a palace in a rural area of France 1519-1547.

Now that you see what buildings looked like in Europe at the time, would like to change your answer to the second question from the previous slide?

When did the first Europeans arrive in North America?◦ 1534

Who was the first European to arrive in Canada? ◦ French explorer Jacques Cartier

We will be looking at the time period from European contact (1534-Confederation 1867)

What did “Canada” look like? P.68 – compare to our present day map

What are some reasons that Europeans came to North America?

Early North America

The PowerPoint presentation that you need to study from is on the intermediate website.

The quiz will be mostly true and false questions with one short answer question.

http://teacherweb.com/ON/Dovercourt/Intermediate/apt9.aspx

Short Quiz

Relations and Power in North America 1713-1763

What were relations like in 1713? Why?◦ First Nations-British?◦ First Nations-French?◦ British-French?

Let’s explore p. 80

Homework: read p. 76-79, p. 79 #2

Relations (Aboriginal/French/British)

Why they were in N.A.

Relations w/ FN Why?

British

FN

Who were the Acadians? (you should know this from your homework)

Let’s examine the factors that lead to war between the British and the French.

Let’s read p. 83-86 together.

Homework p. 85 #1

Build-Up to War

French/First Nations/British Relations Major causes of British and French war in

North America◦ War in Europe◦ Acadians◦ Louisbourg◦ The Ohio Valley

War between the British and the French

Test Coming Soon

The Seven Years’ War

Let’s read p. 92-93 together and make point form notes / chart.

Create a chart to compare European style fighting to First Nations style fighting.

In 1756 war broke out between the French and British—who do you think will win?

Different Fighting Styles

Let’s read p. 94-95 and make some point form notes together so that we can complete question #1 on p. 95.

Complete the Cause and Effect Organizer on p. 95.

Would Canada be different today if the French had defeated the British? Explain.

The Early Stages of War

Let’s read p. 96-97 together and make notes

Answer: “During Reading” and “After Reading” questions on p. 97

Compare the painting to the map on p. 97 ◦ What direction is the painter facing?◦ How does the painting help you understand the

map?

Battle of the Plains of Abraham (p. 96-97)

Let’s read p. 98-99 and take notes.

Activity: p. 99 #1

The Fall of New France

Based on your reading of p. 94-99 write a short paragraph explaining why New France was lost to the British.

The Fall of New France

P. 81 #1 P. 86 #1 P. 87 –answer questions under the picture P. 89 #1

Activities

The Treaty of Paris Let’s read p. 100-102 and make notes

◦ Why was this treaty was created?◦ Who signed it?◦ Which group of people in North America did it

impact the most? Why?

If you were political leader what would you change, omit or add to this treaty? (Work in your groups to prepare “amendments to this treaty on chart paper)

The Fall of New France: The Treaty of Paris

The Royal Proclamation of 1763 (p. 112-113)◦ Why was this proclamation created?◦ Who did it effect and how did it effect them?

How do you think the French felt about this Proclamation? The First Nations? (Role Play: town hall meeting with French and First Nations)

Fall of New France: The Royal Proclamation

If you were a member of a First Nations tribe in the mid-1700s who would you want to see win the war between the British and the French? Explain.

Consider:◦ Acadians (French) – their relations with First

Nations◦ French – their interactions with First Nations and

their purpose for being in North America◦ British – their purpose for being in North America

Assignment

Test Soon

British North America: 1773-1800

In 1774 the British passed the Quebec Act (p. 114-115).

◦What did this act do?◦Who did this act impact?

If you were a British merchant in Quebec at this time, would you be surprised by Governor Carleton’s recommendations? Explain.◦Role play: Carleton holds a town hall meeting

to explain his decision to British merchants.

Quebec Act

Let’s take a look at p. 116.Create a chart: What were the causes? What were the effects?

Role Play or Debate? Role Play: Leader from BNA try to convince

leaders from the Thirteen Colonies not to revolt. Debate: Should the Thirteen Colonies Revolt?

What did this mean for the power balance in North America?

The American Revolution

Stamp Act – BR placed a high tax on stamps, this angered the 13 colonies so they boycotted.

Boycott – when a group of people avoid something as an act of rebellion or protest.

Boston Tea Party – the 13 colonies dump tea in Boston Harbour as a result on new BR taxes on tea.

The American Revolution

Who were the loyalists? Where did they go after the American

Revolution? Why? What were some challenges that the

loyalists faced?

If you had were British living in the Thirteen Colonies would you have fled like the loyalists or joined the patriots? Explain.

The Loyalists (p. 118-119)

Loyalists – people in the 13 colonies that still support BR. (BR, Dutch, German, Scottish and Black Loyalists)

They were forced to leave the 13 Colonies when the 13 Colonies won the American Revolution in 1782.

The Patriots – people of the 13 Colonies who supported the rebellion against Britain. 70 000 loyalists leave the 13 Colonies in 1783 and 1784.◦ Most go to BNA

Loyalists

Page 138 shows a map of North America in 1783. Compare this map to the map on p. 83 (1713) and p. 101 (1763) and p. 145 (1791). What do you notice? What else do you notice?

Consider: What part of the map is missing? What groups are missing? What groups are here that you did not expect?

Where do you think they came from?◦Based on this map who do think has the most

power at this time? ◦Based on a map of North America today, who

do you think gained the most since 1763?

North America in 1783

Nova Scotia – Loyalists outnumber the existing population – feel that Halifax is too far and does not understand their needs◦ 1784 – royal charter to create the colony of New

Brunswick Quebec – still governed by the Quebec Act –

had their civil laws which also governed land ownership – Loyalists wanted the same rights as British citizens

Solution – British government created the Constitutional Act of 1791

Problems for the Loyalists

What is a constitution? Who do you think created this constitution and

why?

Read pages 144-145—why was this act created?

How do you think these groups felt about the act and why?◦ French◦ British – living in BNA◦ Loyalists

Constitutional Act of 1791: Why and for Whom?

Terms: Quebec is divided into two separate colonies: Upper

Canada and Lower Canada Each colony has its own elected assembly Lower Canada would continue to be ruled by French civil

law (seigneurial system of land ownership) Upper Canada would have the English system of land

ownership. Upper Canada – present day Ontario Lower Canada – present day Quebec

P. 145 – During Reading Questions (both) P. 163 #3

Constitutional Act of 1791

Compare the government structure in 1791 to our current Canadian federal government. (P. 146-147)◦ p. 146 – Question 1 (Comparing the government then and now)

◦ What are the similarities and differences?◦ Which government would you rather live under?

Explain.◦ What group(s) of people would have preferred the

1791 system of government? Why?

Case: Dovercourt has a student council. The school principal has chosen the president of the council since 1915. The students want to choose their own president. Problem: only the President can change the rules. If you were appointed could you give up your position and hold an election?

Constitutional Act of 1791: New Government Structure

How could this problem be fixed?

Government Structure of Operations (1791)

Sovereign

Executive Council

Legislative Council

Legislative Assembly

Governor

These councils were known as the “The Family Compact”

King or Queen (Hereditary)

Qualification – members of elite class (appointed by Sovereign)

Qualification – Male property owner. Could refuse to approve taxes to support executive projects

AppointedDepended on the Legislated Assembly to approve money for projects

The Canadian System Today

All members are elected

Hereditary

Elected

Elected

Elected

Elected Appointed

AppointedAppointed

You are to write a short report on the North America from 1713-1790.

Your report will begin with the sentence (thesis):“In North America, the 1700s were a time of…” You must provide 3 points to support this sentence. Each point

should be written as a paragraph. Your report should also contain a short introduction and a short

conclusion (where you restate your first sentence thesis). Points to consider:

Acadia Battle of the Plains of Abraham The Fall of New France The Treaty of Paris The Royal Proclamation American Revolution Quebec Act First Nations Peoples Constitutional Act of 1791

Report

End of Unit

Spirituality Individual choice Natural world CommunityComparing World Views Religion Land Social Structure Economic Difference

North America before the Europeans