Gramatica Completa Ingles

8/20/2019 Gramatica Completa Ingles

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GRAMATICA COMPLETAINGLÉSCONJUGACIÓN DEL VERBO TO BE Y ESTRUCTURASPara aquellos para los que éste sea su primer contacto con el inglés os comentaré que!"Primero #e$éis per#er el mie#o a apren#er un i#ioma%"Segun#o el inglés es un i#ioma mu& '(cil en cuanto a la gram(tica se re'iere est( $asa#oen una serie #eestructuras )a& una estructura para las oraciones a'irmati*as otra para las negati*as &otra para lasinterrogati*as aprén#ete $ien esas estructuras & po#r(s escri$ir oraciones $(sicas una*e+ que *a&as

a#quirien#o un *oca$ulario $(sico para lo cual acost,m$rate a usar siempre un#iccionario e ir tra#ucien#oto#as aquellas pala$ras que no cono+cas%"Los tiempos *er$ales son mu& '(ciles ,nicamente e-iste presente pasa#o & 'uturo%"Los e-(menes #e acceso a la uni*ersi#a# siguen to#os los a.os un esquema a lo largo#e este curso se teir( in#ican#o cu(l es ese mo#elo #e e-amen e iremos practican#o ca#a una #e esaspartes #e #ic)o e-amen%Para empe+ar con la gram(tica inglesa #e$emos apren#er el *er$o TO /E 0SER 1ESTAR2 es qui+(s el *er$o

m(s importante #el inglés & #e$es apren#erlo #e memoria% Como )a$r(s compro$a#oe-iste un solo*er$o para los #os correspon#ientes en espa.ol%Con3ugaré en primer lugar el *er$o TO /E en a'irmati*a negati*a e interrogati*a paraluego in#icarte las#i'erentes estructuras #e las que antes te )a$la$a%TO BE (SER Y ESTAR)

A'irmati*a A continuaci4n con3ugaré #ic)as 'ormas! A'irmati*a Negati*aI5M I AM NOT1O65RE 1O6 AREN5T

7E5S 7E ISN5TS7E5S S7E ISN5TIT5S IT ISN5T8E5RE 8E AREN5T1O65RE 1O6 AREN5TT7E15RE T7E1 AREN5T1a )emos con3uga#o el *er$o TO /E es importante que sepas que el *er$o en s9 es! AM

ARE IS lo que aparece ala i+quier#a son



los pronom$res personales o pronom$res su3eto%"I 01O2 :; persona singular%"1ou 0T<2 =; persona singular%"7e 0ÉL2 >; persona masculino singular%"S)e 0ELLA2 >; persona 'emenino singular%"It 0ELLO2 >; persona singular% Se utili+a para cosas & animales%"8e 0NOSOTROS?AS2 :; persona plural%"1ou 0@OSOTROS?AS2 =; persona plural%"T)e& 0ELLOS?AS2 >; persona plural%Como &a te )a$r(s #a#o cuenta la =; persona #el singular & #el plural son iguales c4molas #istinguir(sB Mu& '(cilpor el conte-to cuan#o se trate #el plural ir( acompa.a#o #e sustanti*os en plural%E3!1ou are a nurse! T, eres en'ermera?1ou are nurses! @osotras sois en'ermerasNo e-isten en inglés '4rmulas #e cortes9a & respeto como el 6ste# & 6ste#es #el espa.ol%Siempre utili+aremos 1oucomo antes te )e in#ica#o para singular & plural%ESTR6CT6RASORACIONES A IRMATI@AS!S6DETO @ER/O TO /E COMPLEMENTOSE3! I am Spanis)% 1o so& espa.ola"Es mu& importante que recuer#es que en inglés to#as las oraciones #e$en lle*ar su3eto

una oraci4n sin su3etoes una oraci4n mal construi#a la ra+4n es que los *er$os no se con3ugan & to#as laspersonas tienenla misma 'orma #e esta manera a menos que coloques un su3eto no se sa$r9a quienreali+a la acci4n#el *er$o% El su3eto pue#e ser uno #e los pronom$res personales o un nom$re propio%

Anna is Englis)% Anna es inglesa%"En ingles no e-isten géneros as9 se utili+a la misma 'orma para el masculino & el'emenino% Compara lassiguientes 'rases!Peter is renc)% Peter es 'rancés ? Susan is renc)% Susan es 'rancesa

ORACIONES NEGATI@AS!S6DETO @ER/O TO /E NOT COMPLEMENTOSE3! T)e& are not teac)ers% Ellos no son pro'esores%Mic)ael is not C)inese% Mic)ael no es c)inoORACIONES INTERROGATI@AS!@ER/O TO /E S6DETO COMPLEMENTOSBE3! Are &ou DapaneseB Eres 3aponésBIs Margaret GermanB Margaret es alemanaB"



Recuer#a que los a.os en inglés siempre se preguntan con el *er$o TO /E es mu&importante que recuer#esc4mo preguntar la e#a#%7O8 OLF

ARE 1O6B I AM : 0 Cu(ntos a.os tienesB Tengo : a.os2"Como )a$r(s compro$a#o en ingles el signo #e interrogaci4n *a s4lo al 'inal #e laoraci4n nunca al principiocomo suce#e en espa.ol%1a )emos apren#i#o a preguntar en inglés lo m(s normal en este tipo #e preguntas es)acer una respuesta corta*eamos c4mo )acerlo%Respuesta corta a'irmati*a!1es Su3eto0en 'orma #e pronom$re2 @er$oE3! Is s)e ItalianB 1es s)e is 0 Ella es italianaB S9 si lo es2

Are Peter an# P)ilip PortugueseB 1es t)e& areRespuesta corta negati*a!No Su3eto0pronom$re2 @er$o Not 0'orma contracta2E3! Are &ou #octorsB No He aren5tIs Do)n /ritis)B No )e isn5tPREGUNTAS CON PARTÍCULAS INTERROGATIVAS:

6ESTION 8ORF @ER/O TO /E S6DETO COMPLEMENTOSBE3! 8)ere are &ou 'romB I am 'rom Spain87AT! 6ÉB87EN! C6JNFOB87ERE! FKNFEB871! POR 6ÉB7O8B CKMOB87OB 6IÉNB7O8 M6C7 B C6JNTOB 0O/DETOS INCONTA/LES27O8 MAN1B C6JNTOB 0O/DETOS CONTA/LES287AT TIMEB A 6É 7ORAB87OSEB FE 6IÉNBEJERCICIOSGi*e questions 'or t)ese ansHers!"No I am marrie#%"S)e is ten &ears ol#%"7al' past se*en%"

rom German&%"It is near t)e supermar et%"

: > = Q"8ell t)an &ou an# &ouB"Lope+%



"Teresa"No t)e& are #entists%

THERE IS / THERE ARE: HAYTHERE IS: Singul ! THERE ARE: Plu! lORACIONES A"IR#ATIVAS:T7ERE IS? ARE COMPLEMENTOS!E3! T)ere is a neH $o& in m& classroom%ORACIONES NEGATIVAS:T7ERE IS? ARE NOT COMPLEMENTOS!E3! T)ere aren5t $oo s on t)e ta$le%ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS:IS ? ARE T7ERE COMPLEMENTOSB!E3! Is t)ere an empt& c)air )ereB

ARTÍCULOSEn ingles igual que en espa.ol )a& #os tipos #e art9culos!A / AN: A!$%&ul' in $ !*in ': Un/Un /Un'Se utili+a cuan#o es la primera *e+ que nom$ramos un o$3eto ,nicamente se utili+a cono$3etos conta$les en singularse utili+a tanto para masculino como para 'emenino%E3! I am a girl ! So& una ni.a ? Peter is a $o&! Peter es un ni.o6tili+amos AN en lugar #e A cuan#o la siguiente pala$ra empie+a por *ocal%E3! It is an elep)ant! Es un ele'anteEs o$ligatorio el uso #el art9culo in#etermina#o #elante #e las pro'esiones en singular%E3! Dane is a teac)er! Dane es pro'esoraTHE: A!$%&ul' $ !*in ': El /L / L'+ /L +Se utili+a con o$3etos conta$les e inconta$les cuan#o &a )emos )a$la#o antes #e eseo$3eto o persona & los)a$lantes &a sa$emos a que no estamos re'irien#o% Se utili+a tanto en singular como enplural masculino & 'emenino%E3! It is a car% T)e car is re#! Es un coc)e% El coc)e es ro3o%T)e $o&s are Scottis)! Los ni.os son escocesesNo utili+aremos el art9culo cuan#o nos re'erimos a algo en plural como grupo%Oranges are 'ruits% Las naran3as son 'rutas%Cuan#o s4lo e-iste un e3emplar #el o$3eto al que nos re'erimos utili+amos el art9culo T7E%E3! T)e sun 0el sol2 t)e moon 0la luna2 t)e eart) 0la tierra2 t)e Horl# 0el mun#o2EJERCICIOSPut A?AN or T7E in t)ese sentences H)ere necessar&!

"8oul# &ou li e appleB"Can &ou close #oor pleaseB"E-cuse me H)ere is $us station pleaseB"I5*e got pro$lem% Can &ou )elp meB"



M& sister )as got 3o$ in $an in Manc)ester "8e li*e in small 'lat near cit& centre"T)ere is small supermar et at en# o' street I li*e in%"Sun is star%ADJETIVOS"Los a#3eti*os en inglés igual que los art9culos & los sustanti*os no tienen género%"Nunca lle*an plural el plural lo lle*a el sustanti*o al que acompa.an%Peter an# 7elen are )app&! Peter & 7elen son 'elices%Peter is )app&! Peter es 'eli+%"El a#3eti*o siempre *a #elante #el sustanti*o%T)e Englis) girl is t)in! La ni.a inglesa es #elga#aT)e re# car is neH! El coc)e ro3o es nue*oEJERCICIOS

A)ora que &a conoces el *er$o TO /E los art9culos & los a#3eti*os *amos a practicar loque )emosapren#i#o% Tra#uce las siguientes 'rases en inglés en a'irmati*a negati*a e interrogati*aseg,n ele3emplo% 6tili+a el #iccionario para las pala$ras que no cono+cas%"El c)ico 'rancés es alto%

A'irmati*a! T)e renc) $o& is tallNegati*a! T)e renc) $o& is not tallInterrogati*a! Is t)e renc) $o& tallB"Los li$ros a+ules son *ie3os%"8illiam es mé#ico%"Las mu3eres espa.olas son guapas%"La pro'esora es #elga#a%"La camiseta amarilla es cara%"La mesa gran#e es nue*a%"La casa est( sucia%Completa los espacios #e las siguientes 'rases con la 'orma correcta #el *er$o TO /E7ello girls! 8elcome to t)e sc)ool Let s intro#uce our teac)ers!T)is is Dames% 7e %%%%%%%%%%%%t)e Englis) teac)er an# )e %%%%%%%%%%%'rom EnS)e %%%%%%%%%%%% t)e coo an# s)e%%%%%%%%%%%%%'rom Lon#on% T)is is Do)n an# t)is is Anne% T)e& %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%'rom Scotlan#% 1ou %%%%%%%%%goo#stu#ents%Girls He%%%%%%%%%%%rea#& an# I t)in t)e teac)ers %%%%%%%%%%%%rea#&% Let



CONJUGACIÓN DEL VERBO TO HAVE YESTRUCTURASEl segun#o *er$o que *amos a apren#er es el *er$o TO 7A@E 0TENER2 es al igual queTO /E un *er$oirregular% Las estructuras para las oraciones a'irmati*as negati*as e interrogati*as son las

mismas que para el*er$o TO /E% Con3ugaré en primer lugar el *er$o!TO HAVE (TENER)

A'irmati*a Negati*a Interrogati*aI 7A@E GOT I 7A@E NOT GOT 7A@E I GOTB1O6 7A@E GOT 1O6 7A@E NOT GOT 7A@E 1O6 GOTB7E 7AS GOT 7E 7AS NOT GOT 7AS 7E GOTBS7E 7AS GOT S7E 7AS NOT GOT 7AS S7E GOTBIT 7AS GOT IT 7AS NOT GOT 7AS IT GOTB8E 7A@E GOT 8E 7A@E NOT GOT 7A@E 8E GOTB1O6 7A@E GOT 1O6 7A@E NOT GOT 7A@E 1O6 GOTBT7E1 7A@E GOT T7E1 7A@E NOT GOT 7A@E T7E1 GOTB

La pala$ra GOT no aporta ning,n signi'ica#o al propio *er$o se pue#e omitir en lasoraciones a'irmati*as%Igual que el *er$o TO /E tam$ién el *er$o TO 7A@E tiene sus correspon#ientes 'ormascontractas!

A'irmati*a Negati*aI5@E I 7A@EN5T GOT1O65@E 1O6 7A@EN5T GOT7E5S 7E 7ASN5T GOTS7E5S S7E 7ASN5T GOTIT5S IT 7ASN5T GOT8E5@E 8E 7A@EN5T GOT1O65@E 1O6 7A@EN5T GOTT7E15@E T7E1 7A@EN5T GOTESTR6CT6RASORACIONES A IRMATI@AS!S6DETO @ER/O TO 7A@E COMPLEMENTOSE3! I )a*e got a $ig )ouse% Tengo una casa gran#eORACIONES NEGATI@AS!S6DETO 7A@E?7AS NOT GOT COMPLEMENTOSE3! 1ou )a*e not got a #og! T, no tienes un perroORACIONES INTERROGATI@AS!7A@E?7AS S6DETO GOT COMPLEMENTOSBE3! 7a*e &ou got an American 'rien#B Tienes un amigo AmericanoBEJERCICIOS

A2 Complete t)e sentences Hit) TO /E or TO 7A@E!:% 8)ere &ou 'romB=% Ro$ert an apple%>% Anna tHent& nine &ears ol#%

% T)e& col#%Q% 7e a c)ocolate ice cream%

% T)ere a $oo on t)e ta$le%% A or# a small car $ut it 'our #oors%% t)ere an& people 'rom German& in t)e classB





Pronom$res posesi*os!Se utili+an para in#icar quién es el #ue.o #e algo sustitu&en al sustanti*o?nom$re%Pue#en'uncionar como su3eto%E3! 8)ose is t)is carB It5s mine%Pronom$res o$3eto!

uncionan como complemento #irecto o in#irecto #el *er$o #e la oraci4n% Ca#a *e+ queapare+caun pronom$re en una oraci4n que no sea su3eto #e la 'rase% Fetr(s #e una preposici4nsiempre utili+amos este tipo #epronom$res%E3! Fi# &ou see PeterB 1es I saH )im last Hee $ut I #i#n5t tal to )im%EJERCICIOS

A2 Complete t)e sentences Hit) 7IS? 7ER?T7EIR:% I saH Li+ Hit) )us$an# P)ilip%=% I saH Ann an# Te# Hit) c)il#ren%>% I saH Te# Hit) Hi'e Ann%

% I saH George Hit) $rot)er /ill%Q% I saH Ann Hit) $rot)er /ill%% I saH Li+ an# P)ilip Hit) son /ill%

% I saH Ann Hit) parents%% I saH Fiana an# Ro$ert Hit) parents%

/2 ill in t)e $lan s Hit) t)e 'olloHing su$3ect pronouns an# possessi*e a#3ecti*es!I?1O6?7E?S7E?IT?M1?1O6R?7IS?7ER?T7EIR?1O6R!:% Are &ou Mar& LeHisB 1es am%=% S)e is 'rom Spain% name is Carmen%>% 7e is 'rom Dapan name is Paul 8atana$e%

% Are &ou ItalianB No am Gree %Q% Is &our name Do)nB No isn5t%

% name is Alice am a #entist%% Monica an# mot)er are #octors%% P)ilip is renc) $ut Hi'e is German%% George an# Varen are /ritis) #aug)ter is marrie# to an American%

:U% Ann is a p)otograp)er an# $rot)er is a teac)er%::% M& sister an# are American $ut parents are Gree %:=% 7enr&5s mot)er is a s)op assistant name is Luc&%:>% Alice an# /ill are #octors an# son is a stu#ent%: % T)is is $rot)er Do)n an# t)is is room%C2 ill in t)e gaps% 6se t)e personal pronouns an# possessi*e a#3ecti*es%Melin#a is an Englis) girl% li*es in a $eauti'ul )ouse on t)e outs irts o' Rea#ing%

a $it 'ar 'rom t)e

sc)ool% mot)er ta es )er t)ere $& car e*er& morning $ecause Hor s in a)ospital near$&% In t)ea'ternoon a'ter sc)ool Melin#a goes $ac )ome $& $us%

classmates De''re& an# Fa*i# go $ac Hit) )er% are neig)$ours%F2 C)oose t)e rig)t Hor#!:% It5st)eir?t)eirs pro$lem not our? ours%=% T)is is a nice camera% Is it&our?&oursB



>% T)at5s notm&?mine um$rella% M&?Mine is $lac %

% 8)ose $oo s are t)eseB1our ?1ours or m&?mineBQ% Cat)erine is going out Hit))er? )ers 'rien#s t)is e*ening%

%M&?mine room is $igger t)an )er?)ers% T)e& )a*e got tHo c)il#ren $ut I #on5t noH

t)eir?t)eirs names% Can He use &our Has)ing mac)ineB

Our?Ours is $ro enGENITIVO SAJONOtra 'orma #e e-presar posesi4n en inglés es el geniti*o sa34n con él in#icaremos quién es el posee#or o #ue.o#ealg,n o$3eto siempre que este posee#or sea una persona o un animal%La casa #e la ni.a T)e girl5s )ousePosesi4n Posee#or

ormamos el geniti*o sa34n!"El posee#or aparece en primer lugar al nom$re propio le a.a#imos un ap4stro'e & una sWS%"

A continuaci4n a.a#imos la posesi4n entre el posee#or & la posesi4n no pue#e aparecerning,n art9culoposesi*o o preposici4n% Si el posee#or es un nom$re propio no utili+amos art9culo si esun nom$recom,n po#emos utili+ar art9culos a a#3eti*os posesi*os%M& $rot)er5s room% 0 La )a$itaci4n #e mi )ermano2T)e cat5s e&es% 0Los o3os #el gato2Siempre utili+amos el geniti*o sa34n para e-presar relaciones #e parentesco o *9nculos'amiliares% En este casola persona ir( en primer lugar como posee#or & a continuaci4n el parentesco que lesune% 0 O$ser*a que Duan esun nom$re propio & por tanto no )a& art9culo #elante #el nom$re entre Duan & sister no)a& ning,n art9culo nipreposici4n2Duan5s sister 0La )ermana #e Duan2Peter5s parents% 0Los pa#res #e Peter2Cuan#o no )a& posesi4n relaci4n 'amiliar o el posee#or no es ni persona ni animalutili+amos la e-presi4nO 0FE20el posee#or ser9a una cosa o un lugar2T)e #oor O t)e room 0La puerta #e la )a$itaci4n2"A#ILY: RELATIVESGRANFPARENTS! Gran#'at)er X Gran#mot)er 0a$uelos! a$uelo?a2PARENTS



! at)er X Mot)er 0Pa#res! pa#re?ma#re2C7ILFREN! Son X Faug)ter 07i3os! )i3o?a2/rot)er?Sister 0 7ermano?a26ncle ?Aunt ? Cousin 0 Tio?a ?primo?a2Nep)eH ?Niece 0So$rino?a27us$an# ? 8i'e 0Mari#o ? mu3er2GRANFC7ILFREN! Gran#son X Gran##aug)ter 0Nietos! Nieto?a2"A#ILY TREE8ILLIAM DANEPA6L MAGG1 ANNE LISA 7ENR1Do)n Mar& Susan Ric)ar#EJERCICIOS:

A2 Complete t)e 'olloHing e-ercise $& using t)e Sa-on geniti*e!E3! 8illiam isDANE5S 76S/ANF% 0DANE2:% 8illiam an# Dane are 0LISA2=% Paul is 0L>% Lisa is 0

% Paul is 0 8Q% Do)n an# Mar& are 0MAGG12

% Do)n an# Mar& are 08ILLIAM2% Mar& is 0% Ric)ar# is 0 AN% Anne is 0

:U% Paul is ::% Do)n is :=% Lisa is

:>% Mar& is : % Anne is :Q% Mar& is /2 ReHrite t)e 'olloHing sentences $& using t)e Sa-on geniti*e%E3! T)e girl )as a prett& #ress% T)e girl5s #ress is prett&%:% T)e man )as H)ite )air% is H)ite%=% Mar& )as re# s)oes% are re#%>% T)e ing )as a $eauti'ul palace% is $eauti'ul%

% Alice )as a neH $ic&cle% is neH%Q% T)e cat )as green e&es% are green%

% M& #og )as a long tail% is long%% T)e men )a*e long )air% is long%

C2 Translate t)e 'olloHing sentences!:% Est( el )ermano #e Pe#ro en la cocinaB No no est(%=% La casa #e Paul es mu& $onita%>% Este es el coc)e #e /ill& & aquel es el #e Mar&%

% F4n#e est( la cer*e+a #e tu a$ueloB Est( en la cocina%Q% El mari#o #e Susan es el pa#re #e Ro$ert%

% 7o& es el cumplea.os #e mi ma#re%TIE#POS VERBALESPRESENTE



PRESENTE CONTINUO:"Se 'orma con el @ER/O TO /E @ER/O PRINCIPAL ING"Se utili+a para e-presar acciones que se est(n reali+an#o en este momento en elmomento en que estamos)a$lan#o o perio#os #e tiempo que a,n no )an termina#o0TOFA1 T7IS 8EEV2@a acompa.a#o #e e-presiones #e tiempo comoNO8 AT T7E MOMENT AT PRESENT%ESTR6CT6RAS!O% A IRMATI@AS!S6DETO TO /E @/ ING COMPLEMENTOS!E3! I am learning Englis) at t)e moment%O% NEGATI@AS!S6DETO TO /E NOT @/ ING COMPLEMENTOS!E3! 8e are not learning C)inese t)is &ear%O% INTERROGATI@AS!087 8ORF2 @/ TO /E S6DETO @/ ING COMPLEMENTOS!E3! Are &ou learning Italian noHB 8)at are &ou #oingB0O$ser*a que )e coloca#o entre paréntesis la H) 8or# puesto que no siempre lanecesitaremos para )acer preguntas 2ING SPELLING:"@er$os que aca$an en XE! Pier#e la E & a.a#imos Xing! Ma e X Ma ing"@er$os que aca$an en X IE! IE se trans'orma en 1 a.a#imos ing! Fie Y F&ing"@er$os #e una s9la$a 'orma#a por consonante X *ocal Xconsonante! Fo$lan la ,ltima

consonante & a.a#en Xing! Put X Putting"@er$os que aca$an en X1 & X8! Mantienen 1 & 8 & a.a#en Xing! En3o& en3o&ing snoH XsnoHing%EJERCICIOS

A2 8)at5s )appening at t)e momentB 8rite TR6E sentences!"I ? Has) ? m& )air% I am not Has)ing m& )air%"It? snoH%"

I? sit ? on a c)air "I ? eat"It? rain"I? learn? Englis)"I ? listen? to music



"T)e sun? s)ine"I ? Hear ? s)oes"I ? rea#? a neHspaper /2 8rite questions 'rom t)ese Hor#s% 6seis or are an# put t)e Hor#s in or#er%:% Hor ing ? Paul ? to#a&B Is Paul Hor ing to#a&B=% 8)at ?#oing ? t)e c)il#renB>% 1ou ? listening ? to meB

% 8)ere ? going ? &our 'rien#sBQ% 1our parents? tele*ision ? Hatc)ingB

% 8)at ? coo ing ? AnnB% 8)& ? &ou ? loo ing at me B% Coming ? t)e $usB

PRESENTE SI#PLE:Se utili+a para e-presar acciones que se reali+an )a$itualmente acciones que reali+amosto#os los #9as% Rutinas)($itos%6tili+aremos el *er$o au-iliar TO FO para las oraciones negati*as e interrogati*as% 0FOES PARA LA >; PERSONA2Las oraciones a'irmati*as no necesitan au-iliar sin em$argo a.a#iremos unaS al *er$o en la tercera persona #elsingular%Suele ir acompa.a#o #e e-presiones #e tiempo como E@ER1FA1 & a#*er$ios #e'recuencia como AL8A1S6S6ALL1 O TEN SOMETIMES NE@ER%ESTR6CT6RAS!O% A IRMATI@AS!

S6DETO @ER/O COMPLEMENTOSE3! I pla& 'oot$all e*er&#a&%Z Recuer#a a.a#ir la S al *er$o en la >; persona #el singular ,nicamente en las oracionesa'irmati*as%E3! 7e alHa&s #rin s co''ee 'or $rea 'ast%O% NEGATI@AS!S6DETO FON5T ? FOESN5T @ER/O COMPLEMENTOSE3! 1ou #on5t spea Spanis)7e #oesn5t pla& t)e piano%Z Como *er(s no )emos a.a#i#o S en la >; persona &a que tenemos el au-iliar FOESque &a nos esa >; persona%O% INTERROGATI@AS!

FO?FOES S6DETO @ER/O COMPLEMENTOSBE3! Fo &ou li e c)ocolateBFoes s)e rea# renc) $oo sBZ La respuesta corta para estas preguntas se 'orma con el su3eto en 'orma #e pronom$re

el *er$o au-iliar FO ?FOESE3! Fo &ou li*e in Ma#ri#B 1es I #oFoes it rain )ereB No it #oesn5t%

AF@ER/IOS FE REC6ENCIA!



AL8A1S ! SIEMPREO TEN! A MEN6FONE@ER! N6NCA6S6ALL1! NORMALMENTESOMETIMES! A @ECESTienen una posici4n 'i3a #entro #e las oraciones! Siempre se colocan #elante #el *er$oprincipal e-cepto con el *er$oTO /E con el que *an #etr(s%E3! I ne*er get up late7e is alHa&s )app&EJERCICIOS

A2 Completa el siguiente art9culo perio#9stico so$re Lor# Stone$ur&% 6tili+a PRESENTESIMPLE% To#os los*er$os )an #e ser a'irmati*os% Recuer#a la >; persona #el singular% Fe$es utili+ar to#oslos *er$os que te #o& acontinuaci4n% En algunos casos )an #e usarse m(s #e una *e+ 0tal & como te in#ico entreparéntesis2% /uscaenel #iccionario aquellos *er$os que no cono+cas%Go 0 2 ? )a*e 0>2 ? li*e 0=2 ? get ? meet ? oHn ? pla& ? rea# ? spen# ? talLor# Stone$ur& is = &ears ol#% 7e in /elgra*ia in Lon#on5s 8est En#% 7*er& ric) an# )e t)ecompan& O''ice /loc s International% E*er& morning t)e &oung Lor# $reain $e# an# t)eneHspapers% 7e up at :U o5cloc an# usuall& 'or a Hal in 7&#e

lunc) at )is clu$%7e sometimes t)e Firectors O/I an# t)e& a$out t)e compan&5s In t)e a'ternoon Lor#Stone$ur& an# )is 'rien#s sometimes gol'% T)en t)e& 'or a 'eH #rinsometimes )e an# agirl'rien# 'or a #ri*e in )is sports car% A'ter #inner Lor# Stone$ur& nig)t clu$ or a casino Hit) oneo' )is girl'rien#s% T)e& )ome at a$out = o5cloc %In t)e Hinter t)e &oung Lor# in Monte Carlo% An# )e )is summ)oli#a&s in t)e 8est In#ies%/2 8rite sentences 'rom t)ese Hor#s! Put t)e *er$s in t)e rig)t 'orm 0arri*e or arri*esB2%/e care'ul Hit)'requenc& a#*er$s%:% alHa&s ? earl& ? Sue ? arri*e=% $as et$all ? I ? pla& ? o'ten>% Hor ? Margaret ? )ar# ? usuall&

% Denn& ? alHa&s ? nice ?Hear ? clot)esQ% #inner ? He ? )a*e ? alHa&s ? at %>U% li e ? c)ocolate ? c)il#ren ? usuall&% Dulia ? parties ? en3o& ? alHa&s

C2 8rite questions! 6se t)e Hor#s in $rac ets FO ?FOES% Put t)e Hor#s in t)e rig)tor#er%:% H)ere ? li*e ? &our parents B=% &ou ? earl& ? alHa&s ? get upB>% )oH o'ten ? T@ ? &ou ? Hatc) B



% &ou ? Hant ? H)at ? 'or #innerBQ% li e ? &ou ? 'oot$allB

% &our $rot)er ? li e ? 'oot$allB% H)at ? &ou ? #o ? in t)e e*eningB% &our sister ? Hor ? H)ere B% to t)e cinema ? o'ten ? &ou ? goB

:U% go ? usuall& ? to $e# ? H)at time ? &ou BF2 C)oose t)e rig)t ansHer! Simple present or present continuousB:2 Listen Someone t)e *iolin% Can &ou )ear itBa2 pla&s $2 is pla&ing=2 7elen is a musician% S)e t)e *iolin in an orc)estra%a2 pla&s $2 is pla&ing>2 7e *er& )ar# noH% 7is e-ams are *er& ne-t%a2 Hor s $2 is Hor ing

2 Can I p)one &ou $ac B #inner at t)e moment%a2 )a*e $2 am )a*ingQ2 Vim in a $an % S)e )as Hor e# t)ere 'or =U &ears%a2 Hor s $2 is Hor ing

2 8)ere is Do)nB t)e #innerBa2 #oes )e coo $2 is )e coo ing2 Loo 8e can5t pla& tennis% It

a2 rains $2 is raining2 /o$ meat% 7e is a *egetarian%

a2 #oesn5t eat $2 isn5t eat%E2 Simple present or present continuousB"1ou can5t see Tom noH% 7e 0)a*e2 a $at)%"7e usuall& 0spea 2 so quic l& t)at I 0not un#erstan#2 )im%"

7oH 0 &ou usuall& #o2 to Hor %"7e 0Hor 2 at preset in an o''ice%"T)e $a$& 0cr&2 Gi*e )im some 'oo#%"8)at 0)e #o2 % 7e 0repair2 )is $ic&cle%"8)at 0 )e #o2 % 7e is a pilot%"Stella 0usuall& sta&2 in a )otel H)en s)e 0come2 to Lon#on Hee s)e 0sta&2

Hit) us%"8)at 0&our Hi'e #o2 B S)e is a nurse $ut s)e 0not Hor 2moment%"Loo T)e train 0come2

2 C)oose t)e correct *er$ 'orms!"Stan )a*e?)as $rea 'ast at )al' past se*en%



"Varen #oes not )a*e? )as $rea 'ast%"7oH #oes Varen go?goes to Hor B"Stan go?goes to Hor $& $us%"M& 'at)er Hor ? Hor s in Car#i'' "7e #oes not li e ? li es tra*elling"7e get up ? gets up at si- o5cloc e*er&#a&%"M& parents li*e ?li*es in a $ig )ouse%"8)at #oes &our 'at)er #o?#oesB"Stan an# Varen li*e ?li*es in O-'or#%

PASADOPASADO DEL VERBO TO BE A IRMATI@A NEGATI@A INTERROGATI@AI 8AS I 8AS NOT 08ASN5T2 8AS IBI 8ERE I 8ERE NOT 08EREN5T2 8ERE IB7E 8AS 7E 8AS NOT 08ASN5T2 8AS 7EBS7E 8AS S7E 8AS NOT 08ASN5T2 8AS S7EBIT 8AS IT 8AS NOT 08ASN5T2 8AS ITB8E 8ERE 8E 8ERE NOT 08EREN5T2 8ERE 8EB1O6 8ERE 1O6 8ERE NOT 08EREN5T2 8ERE 1O6BT7E1 8ERE T7E1 8ERE NOT 08EREN5T2 8ERE T7E1BZ Aparece con e-presiones #e tiempo como 1ESTERFA1 LAST 8EEV LAST MONT7LAST 1EAR%ESTR6CT6RAS!O% A IRMATI@AS!S6DETO @ER/O TO /E COMPLEMENTOSE3! I Has in Englan# last mont)%O% NEGATI@AS!S6DETO @ER/O TO /E NOT COMPLEMENTOSE3! I Has not in German& last mont)%O% INTERROGATI@AS!@ER/O TO /E S6DETO COMPLEMENTOSBE3! 8ere &ou in Dapan last mont)BEJERCICIOS

A2 Complete t)e 'olloHing sentences Hit) AM ? IS? ARE? 8AS ? 8ERE:% Last &ear s)e == so s)e noH%=% To#a& t)e Heat)er nice $ut &ester#a& it *er& col#%>% I )ungr&% Can I )a*e a san#Hic)B

% I 'eel 'ine t)is morning $ut I *er& tire# last nig)t%Q% 8)ere &ou at ::o5cloc last ri#a& morningB

% Fon5t $u& t)ose s)oes% T)e& *er& e-pensi*e%% T)is time last &ear I in Paris%% 8)ere t)e c)il#renB I #on5t noH% T)e& in t)e gar#en ten minutes



/2 8rite questions! 6se t)e Hor#s in $rac ets in t)e correct or#er Has an# Here%:% late ? &ou ? t)is morning? H)&B T)e tra''ic Has $a#%=% #i''icult ? &our e-amB No it Has eas&%>% last Hee ? H)ere ? Ann an# C)risB T)e& Here on )oli#a&%

% &our neH camera ? )oH muc)B U[Q% angr& ? &ou ? &ester#a& ? H)&B /ecause &ou Here late%

% nice ? t)e Heat)er ? last Hee B 1es it Has $eauti'ul%PASADO SI#PLE:Se utili+a para e-presar acciones puntuales en el pasa#o%

Aparece con e-presiones como 1ESTERFA1 LAST 8EEV%%%Necesitamos el *er$o au-iliar FIF para las oraciones negati*as e interrogati*as%E-isten #os tipos #e *er$os en inglés! @er$os regulares & *er$os irregulares% Los *er$osregulares 'orman el pasa#oa.a#ien#o EF al in'initi*o% Los *er$os irregulares tienen una 'orma especial para elpasa#o 0=; columna #e los*er$os irregulares2%ESTR6CT6RAS!O% A IRMATI@AS!S6DETO @ER/O PASAFO COMPLEMENTOS%E3! Ipla&e# tennis last Satur#a&%IHent to t)e cinema last Sun#a&%Z Las oraciones a'irmati*as son las ,nicas que lle*an el *er$o en pasa#o &a que noutili+amos *er$o au-iliar%O% NEGATI@AS!S6DETO FIF NOT 0 FIFN5T2 @/ IN INITI@O COMPLEMENTOSE3! I#i#n5t pla& tennis last Satur#a&%

I#i#n5t go to t)e cinema last Sun#a&%O% INTERROGATI@AS!FIF S6DETO @/ IN INITI@O COMPLEMENTOSBE3!Fi# &ou pla& tennis last Satur#a&BFi#&ou go to t)e cinema last Sun#a&BEJERCICIOS

A2 Complete t)e sentences! 6se one o' t)ese *er$s in t)e past simple!Clean #ie en3o& 'inis) )appen open rain start sta& Hant: 2 I m& teet) t)ree times &ester#a&%

=2 It Has )ot in t)e room so I t)e Hin#oH%>2 T)e concert at %>U an# at :U o5cloc %2 8)en I Has a c)il# I to $e a #octor%

Q2 T)e acci#ent last Sun#a& a'ternoon%2 It5s a nice #a& to#a& $ut &ester#a& it all #a&%2 8e our )oli#a& last &ear% 8e at a *er& nice place%2 Ann5s gran#'at)er H)en )e Has U &ears ol#%

/2 8rite /5s questions! 6se one o' t)ese *er$s in t)e past simple! Arri*e cost go go to $e# late )a*e a nice time sta& Hin



:2 A2 8e Hent to NeH 1or last mont)%/2 8)ere B

A2 8it) some 'rien#s%=2 A2 I Has late t)is morning%/2 8)at time B

A2 7al' past nine%>2 A2 I pla&e# tennis t)is a'ternoon%/2 B

A2 No I lost%2 A2 I )a# a nice )oli#a&%

/2 Goo#% 8)ere B A2 To t)e mountains%Q A2 8e came )ome $& ta-i%/2 7oH muc) B

A2 :U[2 A2 I5m tire# t)is morning%

/2 B A2 No $ut I #i#n5t sleep Hell%

2 A2 8e Hent to t)e $eac) &ester#a&%/2 B A2 1es it Has great%PASADO CONTINUO:"Se 'orma con el pasa#o #el *er$o TO /E @er$o principal con ing%"Se utili+a para e-presar acciones que se )an #esarrolla#o #urante un perio#o largo #etiempo en el pasa#o%"Suele com$inarse con el pasa#o simple #entro #e la misma oraci4n la acci4n #el *er$oque *a en pasa#o

continuo es la que esta$a tenien#o lugar cuan#o se *e interrumpi#a por una segun#aacci4n enpasa#o simple%E3! IHas Hatc)ing T@ H)en t)e telep)one rang%Past continuous Past simpleESTR6CT6RAS!O% A IRMATI@AS!S6DETO 8AS?8ERE @/ ING COMPLEMENTOS!E3! IHas )a*ing a $at) H)en m& 'at)er came in%0Esta$a $a.(n#ome cuan#o mi pa#re entr42

O% NEGATI@AS!S6DETO 8ASN5T ? 8EREN5T @/ ING COMPLEMENTOS!E3! IHasn5t #ri*ing *er& 'ast H)en t)e acci#ent )appene#%0No esta$a con#ucien#o mu& r(pi#o cuan#o ocurri4 el acci#ente2O% INTERROGATI@AS!8AS ? 8ERE S6DETO @/ ING COMPLEMENTOSBE3!8ere &ou stu#&ing H)en I noc e# on t)e #oorB



0 Esta$as estu#ian#o cuan#o llamé a la puertaB2EJERCICIOS

A2 Put t)e *er$ into t)e past continuous or past simple!:2 A2 8)at 0&ou #o2 H)en t)e p)one 0ring2 B/2 I 0Hatc)2 T@%=2 A2 8as Dane $us& H)en &ou Hent to see )erB/2 1es s)e 0stu#&2 >2 A2 8)at time 0t)e post arri*e2 t)is morningB/2 It 0come2 H)ile I 0)a*e2 $rea 'ast%

2 A2 7oH 'ast 0 &ou #ri*e2 H)en t)e police 0stop2 &ouB

/2 I #on5t noH e-actl& $ut I 0 not #ri*e 2 *er& 'ast%Q2 A2 0&ou see2 Denn& last nig)tB/21es s)e 0Hear2 a *er& nice 3ac et%/2 8rite complete sentences one o' t)e *er$ in past simple t)e ot)er one in pastcontinuous%:% I ? Hal ?)ome ? H)en ? it ? start ? to rain=% Cora ? rea# ? a letter? H)en ? Dimm& ? p)one ? )er >% An#& ? come out ? o' t)e restaurant ? H)en ? )e ? see ? Denn&% Cat)& ? p)one ? t)e post o''ice ? H)en t)e parcel ? arri*eQ% 8)en Fon ? arri*e ? He ? )a*e ? co''ee

% 8)ile )e ? Hal ? in t)e mountains ? 7enr& ? see ? a $ear % T)e stu#ents ? pla& ? a game ? H)en ? t)e pro'essor ? arri*e% I ? Hal ? to t)e par ? H)en it ? start ? to snoH

CO#PARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVESCO#PARATIVO DE IGUALDAD:TAN \\\\\\\\\\\\\% COMO

AS AFDETI@O ASE3! Peter is as tall as Paul% 0Peter es tan alto como Paul2Z Siempre que la segun#a parte #e la comparaci4n sea un pronom$re este #e$e aparecer en la 'orma #e pronom$reo$3eto%E3! Sara) is as t)in as )im%CO#PARATIVO DE SUPERIORIDAD:MJS \\\\\\\\\\% 6E

A#3eti*os #e #os s9la$as o menos% AFDETI@O ER T7ANE3! Do)n is taller t)an Paul 0Do)n es m(s alto que Paul2

A#3eti*os #e m(s #e #os s9la$as%MORE AFDETI@O T7ANE3! Susan is more intelligent t)an Mar&% 0Susan es m(s inteligente que Mar&2SUPERLATIVO:EL MJS ? LA MJS\\\\\\\\\%

A#3eti*os #e #os s9la$as o menos%T7E AFDETI@O ESTE3! 7e is t)e tallest $o& 0El ni.o m(s alto2Z Si queremos in#icar en que lugar es el que #estaca ese a#3eti*o al que estamosre'irién#onos en gra#o superlati*outili+aremos la preposici4n IN T7E si es una e-presi4n #e tiempo utili+aremos O T7E%E3% Susan is t)e t)innest girl in t)e sc)ool%T)is is t)e )appiest #a& o' m& li'e%



A#3eti*os #e m(s #e #os s9la$as!THE #OST , ADJETIVOE3! Peter is t)e most intelligent stu#ent in t)e classroom%To#a& is t)e most important #a& o' t)e &ear%

AFDETI@OS IRREG6LARESGoo# /etter T)e /est/a# 8orse T)e 8orstar art)er? urt)er T)e art)est? t)e 'urt)estEJERCICIOS

A2 Put t)e 'olloHing a#3ecti*es in t)e comparati*e or superlati*e 'orm!:% T)e Heat)er to#a& is 0Harm 2 t)an &ester#a&%=% Do)n5s car Has 0 e-pensi*e2 t)an m& car%>% Sara) is t)e 0prett&2 girl I )a*e e*er met%

% T)ese e-ercises are 0#i''icult2 t)an some o' t)e ot)ers%Q% T)is $oo is 0goo#2 t)an t)e last one He use#%

% Vate is t)e 0care'ul2 stu#ent in t)e class%% /ill is 0intelligent2 t)an Doe%% M& )ouse is 0$a#2 t)an )is%% Do)n5s car is 0com'orta$le2 in toHn%:U% De'' is 0unpleasant2 t)an m& $rot)er%

/2 inis) t)e secon# sentence in suc) a Ha& t)at it means e-actl& t)e same as t)esentence printe# $e'ore it%

olloH t)e e-ample%:2 Apples are more e-pensi*e t)an pears%Pears arec)eaper t)an apples%=2 7is car isn5t as goo# as mine%M& car is>2 Vatie sings $etter t)an Dane%Dane sings

2 Dill is =Q &ears ol#% Gar& is =>%Dill isQ2 M& camera cost :UU[% 1our camera cost [%M& camera is

2 To#a& t)e temperature is := #egrees% 1ester#a& it Has :U%It5s

2 T)e 'ilm is > )ours $ut t)e *i#eo tape is onl& = )ours%T)e 'ilm is

2 T)e Hater colour is Q[ an# t)e oil painting is :UU[%T)e oil painting is

2T)e c)urc) Has $uilt in : an# t)e li$rar& is : =Q%T)e c)urc) is

:U2 Tim is :% metres tall $ut 8en#& is :% metres%8en#& isPREPOSITIONSPREPOSICIONES DE TIE#PO:IN!ON!

AT!"



Con partes #el #9a! In t)e morning in t)e a'ternoon in t)e e*ening"Con meses! In Danuar& in e$ruar&\\"Con las estaciones #el a.o! In Hinter in spring\%"Con a.os! In :"Con siglos! In t)e : t) centur&"Con los #9as #e la semana! On Mon#a& on Tues#a&\%%"Con 'ec)as! On = n# o' Ma&"Con #9as & partes #el #9a! On 8e#nes#a& a'ternoon%"On )oli#a&s%"Con las )oras! At o5cloc"

At C)ristmas at Easter "

At nig)t"

At t)e Hee en#"

At t)e $eginning at t)e en#%EJERCICIOS

A2 Complete t)e 'olloHing sentences Hit) IN] ON] AT:% 8e Hatc) T@ t)e e*ening%=% I onl& see m& parents C)ristmas%>% I get up o5cloc an# go to $e# mi#nig)t%

% I 'inis) Hor earl& ri#a&%Q% 8e go to Paris autumn%

% t)e morning s)e goes to Hor $& $us%% Sun#a&s t)ere are tHo 'lig)ts 'rom Lon#on to Ma#ri#% T)e& are % Q

t)e morning an# =U%>U t)e e*ening%

% 8)at #o &ou #o t)e Hee en#sB% M& gran#'at)er Has $orn t)e :

t) centur&%OTRAS PREPOSICIONES DE TIE#PO:/E ORE! ANTES A TER! FESP6ES6NTIL! 7ASTAF6RING! F6RANTE0 F6RING S6STANTI@OS! Se utili+a con e-presiones que respon#an a la pregunta87ENB%E3! Furing t)e summer #uring No*em$er

OR! F6RANTE



0 F6RING N<MEROS PERIOFOS FE TIEMPO! Se utili+a con e-presiones querespon#an a lapregunta 7O8 LONGB%E3! or si- mont)s 'or 'i*e minutes%SINCE! FESFE

ROM \\\\\%% TO! FESFE \\\\\% 7ASTA! Se utili+a tanto como preposici4n #e tiempo como #e lugar%E3! I li*e# in Lon#on 'rom : to : %T)ere is one train 'rom Ma#ri# to @alencia at o5cloc %PREPOSICIONES DE LUGAR:IN! EN ? FENTRO FE! Con lugares cerra#osE3! M& coat is in t)e Har#ro$e

AT! EN! Se utili+a para espacios a$iertos como re'erencia geogr('icaE3! T)ere are neH tra''ic lig)ts at t)e crossroa#s%ON! EN ? ENCIMA0Tocan#o la super'icie2E3! T)ere are pictures on t)e Hall%EJERCICIOS

A2 NoH 'ill in t)e gaps Hit) IN] ON] AT:% 7a*e &ou got an electric $lan et &our $e#B I5*e onl& got a )ot Hater $ottle

mine%=% In summer t)ere are alHa&s 'lies t)e itc)en ceiling%>% S)e spent t)e #a& sun$at)ing t)e sHimming pool%

% Scott 'oun# s NorHegian 'lag t)e Sout) Pole%Q% T)ere are t)ousan#s o' 'is) t)e la e%

% T)ere5s a policeman stan#ing t)e corner%% 1ou )a*e to get o'' t)e ne-t stop%% T)e co''eepot is t)e ta$le%% T)ere aren5t enoug) c)airs t)e #ining room%:U% T)ere are pleasure steamers t)e la e%

OTRAS PREPOSICIONES DE LUGAR:NE^T TO! AL LAFO FECLOSE TO! D6NTO ANEAR! CERCA FE

AR 0A8A1 ROM2! LEDOS FE/E7INF! FETRJSIN RONT O ! FELANTE FEOPPOSITE! EN RENTE FEO@ER! ENCIMA FE 0 Sin tocar la super'icie26NFER! FE/ADO FEINSIFE! FENTRO FEO6TSIFE! 6ERA FE/ET8EEN! ENTRE

AT 7OME! EN CASA% E3! I #on5t go out I sta& at )ome%IN /EF! EN LA CAMAGO 7OME GET 7OME COME 7OME REAC7 7OME ARRI@E 7OME0O$ser*a que no utili+amos preposiciones conla pala$ra 7OME acompa.a#a #e *er$os #e mo*imiento2%



ARRI@E! ARRI@E IN! Llegar a paises ciu#a#es%%%%E3! I arri*e# in Lon#on%

ARRI@E AT! LLegar a espacios cerra#os! estaciones museos Aeropuertos%%%%E3! I arri*e# at t)e airportE-PRESIÓN DE CANTIDAD:SOME!

Alg,n alguna algunos algunas%Se utili+a en oraciones a'irmati*as%

Acompa.a a nom$res inconta$les 0singular2 & nom$res conta$les en plural%E3! T)ere issome Hater in t)e 'ri#geT)ere aresome neH stu#ents in t)e sc)ool%

AN1! Alg,n?a?os?as ning,n ?a?os?as%Se utili+a en oraciones negati*as e interrogati*as%

Acompa.a a nom$res inconta$les 0singular2 & nom$res conta$les 0plural2E3! T)ere isn5tan& apple 3uice in t)e cup$oar#%7a*e &ou gotan& 'rien#sBSOME en oraciones interrogati*as!

Aunque )e in#ica#o anteriormente que utili+amos AN1 en oraciones interrogati*ase-isten algunas e-cepciones en lasque utili+amos SOME para )acer preguntas!"Cuan#o estamos o'recien#o algo!E3! 8oul# &ou li e some co''eeB"Cuan#o pe#imos algo!E3! Can I )a*e some Hater pleaseBEJERCICIOS:

A2 Put in SOME or AN1!:% I $oug)t c)eese $ut I #i#n5t $u& $rea#%=% I5m going to t)e post o''ice% I nee# stamps%>% T)ere aren5t s)ops in t)is part o' toHn%

% George an# Alice )a*en5t got c)il#ren%Q% 7a*e &ou got $rot)ers o' sistersB

% T)ere are $eauti'ul 'loHers in t)e gar#en%% 8oul# &ou li e teaB 1es please%% Fon5t $u& rice% 8e #on5t nee# % I Hent out to $u& mil $ut t)e& #i#n5t )a*e in t)e s)op%

:U% I5m t)irst&% Can I )a*e Hater pleaseB#UCH:M6C7O! NOM/RES INCONTA/LES0 No se utili+a )a$itualmente en oraciones a'irmati*as2E3! I )a*en5t got muc) mone&%#ANY:M6C7O! NOM/RES CONTA/LES%



0Se utili+a en to#o tipo #e oraciones2E3! I )a*e got man& $oo s%TOO #UCH / TOO #ANY! FEMASIAFOHO. #UCH / HO. #ANY

C6JNTOSBA LOT O":M6C7O! CONTA/LES E INCONTA/LES!0 Se utili+a en to#o tipo #e oraciones2LITTLE! POCO! NOM/RES INCONTA/LES%A LITTLE! ALGO POCO PERO S6 ICIENTE%

"E.! POCO! NOM/RES CONTA/LES%A "E.:

ALGO POCO PERO S6 ICIENTE%EJERCICIOS A2 Put M6C7 or MAN1 in t)e spaces!:% T)ere is some 'oo# $ut not #rin %=% T)ere Hasn5t rain last mont)%>% Foes t)e teac)er spea languagesB

% I #on5t put sugar in m& tea%Q% A poor Homan can5t $u& #resses%

% T)at ol# man )asn5t got )air%% I can5t see $ir#s on t)e trees%% M& mot)er #i#n5t $u& eggs%% T)ere isn5t mil in t)is $ottle%

:U% Fi# &ou learn Englis) Hor#s last &earB/2 Put A LITTLE or A E8 in t)e spaces!:% Coul# &ou possi$le len# me potatoes until tomorroHB=% 7a*e &ou got minutesB I5# li e to tal to &ou%>% I nee# mone&% Can &ou )elp meB

% I5m going to rance 'or #a&s ne-t Hee %Q% people arri*e# $e'ore t)e part& starte# $ut not man&%

% 8e onl& )a*e petrol le't%% Can I as &ou questionsB% T)e $an onl& lent me mone&%% Onl& stu#ents are going to 'ail t)e e-am%

:U% I alHa&s put mil in m& tea%VERB TENSES:PRESENT PER"ECT:"Se 'orma con el *er$o TO 7A@E0que 'unciona como *er$o au-iliar2 el participio #epasa#o #el *er$o principal%0 Recuer#a que )a& #os tipos #e *er$os en inglés!*er$os regulares que 'orman el participio a.a#ien#o Xe# alin'initi*o &



*er$os irregulares en este caso el participio #e pasa#o es la tercera columna #e la lista#e *er$os%"Se utili+a para e-presar acciones que empe+aron en el pasa#o & contin,an en elpresente o si $ien la acci4n &a)a aca$a#o el resulta#o #e la misma lo *emos en el presente%ESTR6CT6RAS!O% A IRMATI@AS!S6DETO 7A@E?7AS PARTICIPIO PASAFO @/ COMPLEMENTOS!E3! I Hor in a $an % I)a*e Hor e# t)ere 'or :U &ears%0Tra$a3o en un $anco% 7e tra$a3a#o all9 #urante :U a.os2O% NEGATI@AS!S6DETO 7A@EN5T ? 7ASN5T PART% PASAFO @/ COMPLEMENTOSE3! S)e is rea#ing a $oo % S)e)asn5t 'inis)e# it &et%0Ella est( le&en#o un li$ro% No lo )a termina#o to#a*9a2O% INTERROGATI@AS!7A@E ? 7AS S6DETO PART% PASAFO @/ COMPLEMENTOSBE3!7a*e &ou e*er $een to Lon#onB0 7as esta#o alguna *e+ en Lon#resB2Suele aparecer con e-presiones #e tiempo comoSINCE OR0 En respuesta a preguntas con 7O8 LONGB2E3! I )a*e Hor e# )ere since :7oH long )a*e &ou met )imB I )a*e met )im 'or se*eral &ears%Otras e-presiones #e tiempo que aparecen con el PRESENT PER ECT!JUST: ACABO DESe utili+a en oraciones a'irmati*as & *a coloca#o #elante #el *er$o principal%E3! 7a*e &ou seen PaulB 7e )as 3ust arri*e# 0 7as *isto a PaulB Aca$a #e llegar%

ALREADY: YASe utili+a en oraciones a'irmati*as & *a coloca#o #elante #el *er$o principal!E3! 8oul# &ou li e to seeTitanicB I5m sorr& I5*e alrea#& seen it%0 Te gustar9a *er TitanicB Lo siento &a la )e *isto2

YET: TODAVIA NOSe utili+a en oraciones negati*as & *a coloca#o al 'inal #e la oraci4n!E3! 7a*e &ou rea# t)e $oo B No I5m sorr& I )a*en5t starte# it &et%0 7as le9#o el li$roB No lo siento no lo )e empe+a#o to#a*9a%EVER: 0ALGUNA VE1Se utili+a en oraciones interrogati*as *a coloca#o #elante #el *er$o principal!E3! 7a*e &ou e*er trie# Dapanese 'oo#B No not &et%

0 7as pro$a#o alguna *e+ la comi#a 3aponesaB No to#a*9a no%SO#EBODY/ SO#EONE ( ALGUIEN) 2 SO#ETHING (ALGUNA COSA)son >; persona #elsingular tienen que ir por tanto segui#os #e 7AS%EJERCICIOS:

A2 Complete t)e sentences Hit) a *er$ 'rom t)e list% 6se t)e present per'ect 0 )a*e ? )as t)e past participle o' t)e *er$2/rea $u& 'inis) #o go go lose paint rea# ta e



:% Are t)e& still )a*ing #innerB No t)e& =% I some neH s)oes% Fo &ou Hant to see t)emB>% Is Tom )ereB No )e to Hor %

% &ou t)e s)oppingB No I5m going to #o it later%Q% 8)ere is &our e&B I #on5t noH% I it%

% Loo Some$o#& t)e Hin#oH%% 1our )ouse loo s #i''erent% &ou itB% I can5t 'in# m& um$rella% Some$o#& it%% I5m loo ing 'or Sara)% 8)ere s)e B

:U% Fo &ou Hant t)e neHspaperB No t)an s I it%/2 Complete t)e e-ercise Hit) OR or SINCE!:% S)e )as $een in Lon#on Mon#a&%=% S)e )as $een in Lon#on #a&s%>% Mi e )as $een ill a long time% 7e )as $een in )ospital O

% M& aunt )as li*e# in Australia :Q &ears%Q% No$o#& li*es in t)at )ouse% It )as $een empt& &ears%

% Mrs 7arris is in )er o''ice% S)e )as $een t)ere o5cloc %% In#ia )as $een an in#epen#ent countr& : %% T)e $us is late% 8e )a*e $een Haiting =U minutes%>

C2 Present per'ect or simple pastB Pa& special attention to e-pressions o' time suc) as&ester#a& e*er\ t)e&Hill gi*e &ou t)e clue to noH t)e tense &ou )a*e to use%:2 M& 'rien# is a Hriter% 7e 0Hrite2 man& $oo s%=2 8e 0not )a*e2 a )oli#a& last &ear%>2 I 0pla&2 tennis &ester#a& a'ternoon%

2 8)at time 0 &ou go2 to $e# last nig)tBQ2 0&ou e*er meet2 a 'amous personB

2 T)e Heat)er 0 not $e2 *er& goo# &ester#a&%2 M& )air is Het% I 0 3ust Has)2 it%

2 I 0Has)2 m& )air $e'ore $rea 'ast )is morning%2 Vat)& tra*els a lot% S)e 0*isit2 man& countries%:U2 Is Sonia )ereB No s)e 0 not come 2 &et%::2 0&ou e*er $e2 to lori#aB 1es He 0 go2)oli#a& tHo &ears ago%:=2 8)ere is AlanB 0&ou see )im2 B1es )e 0 go2minutes ago%PAST PER"ECT:Se 'orma con7AF 0para to#as las personas2 el participio #e pasa#o#el *er$o principal0recuer#a los *er$os regulares e irregulares2

Se utili+a para e-presar acciones pasa#as que terminaron antes #e queotra acci4n pasa#a empe+ara% Suele com$inarse por tanto con el pasa#osimple encontraremos entonces #os acciones!:;! Acci4n termina#a! Past Per'ect=;! Acci4n que empe+4 cuan#o &a )a$9a aca$a#o la anterior! S% PastE3! T)e concert)a# starte# H)en He arri*e# at t)e t)eatre%Past Per'ect Simple PastESTR6CT6RAS



!O% A IRMATI@AS!S6DETO 7AF PARTICIPIO PASAFO @/ COMPLEMENTOS!E3! Iarri*e# at t)e airport H)en t)e plane )a# ta en o''%0Llegué al aeropuerto cuan#o el a*i4n )a$9a #espega#o2O% NEGATI@AS!S6DETO 7AFN5T PARTICIPIO PASAFO @/ COMPLEMENTOS!E3! T)e s)op)a#n5t close# H)en I arri*e#%0 La tien#a no )a$9a cerra#o cuan#o llegué2%O% INTERROGATI@AS!7AF S6DETO PARTICIPIO PASAFO @/ COMPLEMENTOSBE3!7a# &ou 'inis)e# t)e $oo H)en &ou ga*e it $ac B0 7a$9as aca$a#o el li$ro cuan#o lo #e*ol*isteB2EJERCICIOS

A2 Complete t)ese sentences putting one *er$ into t)e past per'ect an# t)e ot)er one intot)e simple past!:% 8)en t)e police 0arri*e2 t)e car 0go2=% 8)en I 0get2 to t)e s)op it 0close2>% T)e& 0eat2 e*er&t)ing H)en I 0arri*e2 at t)e part&%

% I 0tr&2 telep)oning )er se*eral times $ut s)e 0lea*e2 t)e coQ% 8)en I 0'in#2 m& purse someone 0ta e2 t)e mone&

% T)e car 0go2 H)en I 0loo 2 into t)e street%/2 Present per'ect or past per'ectBIt isn5t raining noH% It 0stop28e )a# no car at t)at time% 8e 0sell2 our ol# one%T)e square loo e# aH'ul% People 0lea*e2 litter e*er&H)ere%1ou can )a*e t)at neHspaper% I 0'inis)2 Hit) it%T)ere5s no more c)eese% 8e 0eat2 it all%T)ere Has no sign o' a ta-i alt)oug) I 0or#er2 one )al' an )our $e'ore%T)is $ill isn5t rig)t% T)e& 0ma e2 a mista e%I spo e to Melanie at lunc) time% Someone 0tell2 )er t)e neHs earlier%I Has reall& tire# last nig)t% I 0)a*e2 a )ar# #a&%It5ll get Harmer in )ere% I 0turn2 t)e )eating on%"UTURE7a& #os tipos #e 'uturo en inglés!:2 uturo con 8ILL 0que 'unciona como au-iliar & se utili+a en o% a'irmati*as negati*as einterrogati*as2

Se utili+a cuan#o el su3eto no tiene control so$re el 'uturo% Para e-presar #ecisiones toma#as en el momento% A tra*és #e este 'uturo e-presamos impre*istos pre#icciones lo que elsu3eto cree que ocurrir(% Aparece con e-presiones #e tiempo como TOMORRO8 NE^T 8EEV

NE^T MONT7 NE^T 1EAR%ESTR6CT6RAS!O% A IRMATI@AS!S6DETO 8ILL @/ 0IN INITI@O2 COMPLEMENTOS!E3! ItHill rain tomorroH % 0 Llo*er( ma.ana2



O% NEGATI@AS!S6DETO 8ILL NOT 08ON5T2 @/ 0IN INIT2 COMPLEMENTOS!E3! ItHill not rain tomorroH% 0 No llo*er( ma.ana2O% INTERROGATI@AS!8ILL S6DETO @/0IN INITI@O2 COMPLEMENTOSBE3!8ill it rain tomorroHB 0 Llo*er( ma.anaB2"u$u!' &'n TO BE GOING TO0el *er$o To $e es el que 'unciona como au-iliar & es por tanto el que *amos a con3ugarse utili+a en o% a'irmati*asnegati*as e interrogati*as26tili+amos este tipo #e 'uturo cuan#o el su3eto tiene control a$soluto so$re la acci4n%Es un 'uturo planea#o #e antemano & para que esa acci4n se lle*e o no a ca$o el su3eto)a toma#o las me#i#asoportunas%E-presamos con este 'uturo intenciones & #ecisiones%Pre#icciones $asa#as en )ec)os presentes%ESTR6CT6RAS!O% A IRMATI@AS%S6DETO TO /E GOING TO @/ 0IN INITI@O2 COMPLEMENTOS!E3! 0I )a*e t)is $lue *el*et2 Iam going to ma e a neH #ress%0Tengo este terciopelo a+ul2 @o& a )acerme un *esti#o Nue*o%O% NEGATI@AS!S6DETO TO /E NOT GOING TO @/ 0IN INIT2 COMPLEMENTOS!E3! Iam not going to ma e a neH #ress%O% INTERROGATI@AS!TO /E S6DETO GOING TO @/ 0IN INIT2 COMPLEMENTOSBE3! Are &ou going to ma e a neH #ressBCompare t)ese situations an# rea# H)at I Houl# sa& in eac) case! 6se Hill ? going to!_1ou ma e &our 'rien# a cup o' sHeet co''ee t)en s)e tells &ou s)e #oesn5t ta e sugar`%O''er to ma e )er anot)er one%I5ll ma e &ou anot)er cup o' co''ee0 Fecisi4n toma#a en el momento es por eso que utili+amos 'uturo con 8ILL2_ A colleague as s &ou H)& &ou )a*e $roug)t &our sports it to t)eo''ice% _ E-plain t)at &ou )a*e arrange# to pla& tennis a'ter Hor %I am going to pla& tennis a'ter Hor0 Fecisi4n toma#a #e antemano por eso traes el equipo a la o'icina 'uturo con TO /E GOING TO2

U

EJERCICIOS A2 ill in t)e $lan s Hit) 8ill uture or To $e going to!:2 I )a*en5t got an& mone&%8ell #on5t Horr& 0I ?len#2 &ou some%=2 8)& are &ou 'illing t)at $uc et Hit) HaterB0I ? Has)2 t)e car%>2 T)e ceiling in t)is room #oesn5t loo *er& sa'e%No it loo s as i' 0 it ? 'all 2 #oHn%

2 I )a*e a )ea#ac)e%



8ait t)ere an# 0I ? get2 an aspirin%Q2 1ou )a*e a tic et 'or t)e pla&%1es 0 I ? see2 it on ri#a&%

2 T)e p)one is ringing%OV 0 I ? ansHer2 it%

2 Fi# &ou $u& t)is $oo BNo Nanc& #i# it% 0S)e ? rea#2 it on )oli#a&%2 Tea o' co''eeB0I ?)a*e2 co''ee please%

2 I )a*e #eci#e# to repaint t)is room%8)at colour 0&ou ? paint2 it B:U2 I #on5t noH )oH to use t)is camera%It5s quite eas&% 0 I ?s)oH2 &ou%/2 Put t)e *er$s in $rac ets into t)e correct tense! 1ou )a*e to use all tenses learne# untilnoH 0simplepresent present continuous simple past past continuous present per'ect past per'ectan# 'uture2:2Stella usuall& 0sta&2 in a )otel H)en s)e 0come2 to Lon#on $ut to#a& s)e 0sta&2 Hit) us%=2M& gran#'at)er 0#ie2 man& &ears 0'or?ago?since2 H)en I 0$e2 a little girl%>2 1ester#a& H)en I 0Hal 2 #oHn Regent Street I 0$ump2 into a strange loo ing man%

2I usuall& 0#o2 m& )omeHor on Satur#a& $ut I 0#o2 m& )omeHor to#a& $ecause ne-tSatur#a& He 0go2 out%Q28)& is )e putting t)e camera on a tripo#B 7e 0ta e2 a group p)oto%

2 I 0li*e2 t)ere 0'or?since2 se*eral mont)s an# t)en I Hent a$roa#%2 Loo T)e train 0come2 % 7urr& up I 0not Hant2 to miss it%2 8)en Paul 'inis)e# )is e-am )e 0reali+e2 )e 0ma e2 important mista es%28)at 0&our Hi'e #o2B S)e is a teac)er $ut s)e 0not Hor 2 at t)e moment%

:U2T)e c)il#ren 0'inis)2 t)eir #inner an )our ago an# t)eir mot)er 0Has) up2 noH%::2 As I 0Hal 2 )ome &ester#a& I 0meet2 a 'oreigner H)o 0as 2 me t)e Ha& to t)e station%:=2 7e 0Hor 2 at present in an o''ice%

::>27e 0start2 Hor last C)ristmas%: 2 I 0not see2 t)e aut)or o' t)at $oo 0'or?since?ago2 He 0meet2 in NeH 1or tHo &earsago%:Q2 8)en )e arri*e# t)e concert0alrea#&?3ust?&et2 0$egin2 an# )e 0not alloH2 to go in% 7e0$e2 *er& #isappointe# to learn)e 0miss2 )is 'a*ourite piece%: 28)en )e Has a #iplomat )e 0*isit2 man& countries%: 2Mr /&rne 0go2 to Spain last &ear an# I 0not see2 )im 0'or?since?ago2 t)en%: 28)en I Has at sc)ool I 0spea 2 'our languages%: 2 8)en He 0get2 to t)e airport Dac 0#isco*er2 to )is )orror t)at )e 0lea*e2 )is passport$e)in#%

=U2Dane 0not #rin 2 tea *er& o'ten%=:2 I 0Hor 2 )ere 0'or?since2 se*en &ears $ut it5s time to lea*e noH%==2Loo out 8e 0cras)2%=>201ou go out2 &ester#a&B= 2 8)at time 0 t)e $an s close2 in Englan#B=Q2I )a*e some $lue *el*et an# I 0ma e2 some curtains 'or t)is room%I )a*e a car $ut I 0not use2 it *er& o'ten%

=



ORACIONES DE RELATIVO3 (RELATIVE CLAUSES)PRONO#BRES RELATIVOS:87O! Antece#ente #e personas87IC7! Antece#ente #e cosas o animales87ERE! Antece#ente #e lugar 87OSE! Cu&oZ El antece#ente & el pronom$re relati*o #e$en ir uni#os%E-isten #os tipos #e oraciones #e relati*o en inglés!4) DE"INING RELATIVE CLAUSES:La in'ormaci4n aporta#a en la oraci4n #e relati*o es imprescin#i$le para que la oraci4ntenga senti#o%La oraci4n _S)e is t)e Homan` no tiene senti#o completo si no le a.a#imos m(sin'ormaci4n%S)e is t)e Homan H)o li*es ne-t #oor%6na *e+ que )emos a.a#i#o in'ormaci4n al antece#ente 0Homan2 la oraci4n tiene senti#ocompleto%

En las #e'ininig relati*e clauses po#emos sustituir el pronom$re relati*o por T7ATin#epen#ientemente #e que elantece#ente sea #e persona o #e cosa%5)NON DE"INING RELATIVE CLAUSES:La in'ormaci4n aporta#a en la oraci4n #e relati*o no es imprescin#i$le para la oraci4n% Esin'ormaci4n e-tra%En la oraci4n _M& $rot)er stu#ies in Lon#on` tiene senti#o completo no ser9a necesarioa.a#ir ninguna in'ormaci4npara po#er compren#er la oraci4n%M& $rot)er H)o is *er& tall stu#ies in Lon#on%Nunca po#emos sustituir el pronom$re relati*o por T7AT%Las non #e'ining relati*e clauses siempre *an entre comas%

>EJERCICIOS

A2 Complete t)e 'olloHing sentences Hit) a relati*e pronoun!:% 7ere is t)e me#icine ma es &ou goo#%=% T)e ol# man in a H)eel c)air is tal ing to t)e )ospital matron Has ongreat surgeon%>% T)e gate &ou came t)roug) must $e ept s)ut%

% T)e American am$assa#or &ou Here spea ing to a moment ago Hill $ereturning )ome soon%Q% 8)at is t)e name o' t)e man car &ou $orroHe#B

% A cemeter& is a place people is $urie#%% A paci'ist is a person $elie*es t)at all Hars are Hrong%% T)is sc)ool is onl& 'or c)il#ren 'irst language is not Englis)%% S)e is t)e girl rang &ester#a&%

:U% Do)n is t)e $o& 'at)er is a teac)er%::% 1es t)at is t)e man too m& $ag%:=% I Hant to tal to t)e stu#ents names I call out%:>% T)at man is t)e one $oug)t t)e )ouse%



: % 1ou alHa&s as questions are *er& #i''icult to ansHer%:Q% 8)& #oes )e alHa&s Hear clot)es are too small 'or )imB/2 Gi*e some a##itional in'ormation Hit) a relati*e pronoun in t)e 'olloHing sentences!8im$le#on is in Sout) Lon#on%7e is )oping to $e c)osen 'or t)e ne-t Ol&mpic GamesT)e prime minister Hill 'ace an eleE*er& sc)oolc)il# )as )ear# o' Colum$usMount E*erest is t)e )ig)est mounta

PASSIVE VOICE3 (VO1 PASIVA)En una oraci4n acti*a en espa.ol encontramos los siguientes elementos!M& 'at)er $uil#s )ousesSu3eto @er$o C% FirectoEn la oraci4n pasi*a!El Complemento #irecto #e la oraci4n acti*a pasa a ser su3eto paciente%El su3eto #e la o% acti*a pasa a ser complemento agente 0intro#uci#o por /12%El *er$o pasi*o lo 'ormamos con!El *er$o To $e en el mismo tiempo que el *er$o principal #e la oraci4n acti*a elparticipio #e pasa#o #el *er$oprincipal%7ouses are $uilt $& m& 'at)er%Su3eto Paciente @$ pasi*o C% Agente

A continuaci4n te presento c4mo cam$iar los tiempos *er$ales #e acti*a a pasi*a!TENSES ACTI@E @OICE PASSI@E @OICESimple presenteat ?eats is ?are eatenPresent Continuousis ?are eating is ? are $eing eatenSimple pastate Has ? Here eatenPast continuousHas ? Here eating Has ? Here $eing eatenPresent per'ect)as ? )a*e eaten )as ? )a*e $een eatenPast per'ect)a# eaten )a# $een eaten

utureHill eat Hill $e eatenCon#itionalHoul# eat Houl# $e eatenEJERCICIOS

A2 C)ange t)e 'olloHing sentences into t)e passi*e *oice!"T)e& )a*e arreste# t)e t)ie'%"

An unemplo&e# la$ourer Has repairing m& roo'%"T)e prime minister is ma ing a speec)%"

A greengrocer sells potatoes%"



M& lan#la#& #oes m& Has)ing up%"T)e& close# t)e s)op at one o5cloc %

Q"

A policeman is using t)e telep)one%" A 'ourteen &ear ol# Has #ri*ing t)e car%"T)e& )a# #ecorate# t)e )ouse%"Teenagers $u& a lot o' pop recor#s%"

Arc)itects #esign $uil#ings%"

A )at s)a#es )is e&es%"T)e& )a*e ma#e mista es%"T)e& recor#e# t)e $roa#cast speec)%"Some o' t)e Hor ers )a*e organi+e# an uno''icial stri e%"Some aut)ors Hill 3u#ge t)e literar& competition%"8e are preparing t)e room%"

A 3ournalist is rea#ing t)e letter%"7orses pull carts%

"T)e& Here #rin ing co''ee%/2 Complete t)e sentences using Hor#s 'rom eac) line! 6se passi*e *oice/uil# Paint Fesign 8rite Name In*ent Fisco*er Eric t)e Re# Marconi T)e Ancient Eg&ptians Picasso Ei''el George OrHell Eric 8atson:% Greenlan#=% Animal arm>% T)e P&rami#s

% T)e HirelessQ% Guernica

% T)e Statue o' Li$ert&% T)e structure o' FNA

REPORTED SPEECH3 (ESTILO INDIRECTO)El estilo in#irecto consiste en #ecir las pala$ras que otra persona )a #ic)o antes para elloten#remos que empe+ar to#as las oraciones en estilo in#irecto con las 'rases _7E SAIF TO ME o 7E TOLF ME` 0Élme #i3o o él me cont42%Ten#remos que cam$iar los su3etos que apare+can en las oraciones #e :; persona #esingular a >; persona #e



singular & #e :; persona #e plural a >; #e plural as9 mismo )a& que cam$iar tam$iénto#os los a#3eti*os & pronom$resposesi*os que apare+can en las oraciones%Por ,ltimo to#os los tiempos *er$ales 0con3uga#os no se cam$ian los *er$os que esténen in'initi*o o gerun#io2 queaparecen en la oraci4n #e$en retrasarse un tiempo%

A continuaci4n te presento una lista con los cam$ios #e tiempo!TENSES FIRECT SPEEC7 REPORTEF SPEEC7Simple present! I Hor Simple past! 7e sai# )e Hor e#Present Continuous! I am Hor ing Past continuous! 7e sai# )e Has Hor ingSimple past! I Hor e# Past Per'ect! 7e sai# )e )a# Hor e#Present per'ect! I )a*e Hor e# Past Per'ect ! 7e sai# )e )a# Hor e#

uture! I Hill Hor Con#itional! 7e sai# )e Houl# HorMo#al *er$s! I can Hor Con#itional! 7e sai# )e coul# HorComo )a$r(s compro$a#o )emos retrasa#o los tiempos #e esta manera tenemostam$ién que cam$iar to#as lase-presiones #e tiempo & #e lugar que aparecen en la oraci4n%TI#E AND PLACE CHANGES:7ere T)ereT)is T)atT)ese T)oseNoH T)en1ester#a& T)e #a& $e'ore t)e pre*ious #a&To#a& T)at #a&TomorroH T)e 'olloHing #a& t)e #a& a'ter Last Hee mont)\ T)e Hee $e'ore t)e mont) $e'ore\%Ne-t Hee mont)\ T)e 'olloHing Hee t)e Hee a'ter\

= #a&s ago = #a&s $e'oreEJERCICIOS

A2 C)ange t)e 'olloHing sentences into reporte# speec)!:% I nee# )elp #esperatel& )e sai#%=% I #on5t nee# &our )elp to#a& $ut I Hill $e $us& tomorroH sai# Peter%>% M& car )as $een stolen )e sai# I Hill )a*e to as &ou a 'eH questions%

% I can5t li*e on m& $asic salar& sai# Peter I Hill )a*e to o''er to #o o*ertime%Q% M& &oung $rot)er Hants to $e a ta- inspector sai# Mar& I can5t t)in H)& none o' m&'amil& )as e*er $een ata- inspector%/2 Last Hee &ou )a# lunc) Hit) Rac)el a 'rien# &ou )a#n5t seen 'or a long time% Loo att)e t)ings s)e sai# to&ou t)en tell anot)er 'rien# H)at s)e sai#% 6se reporte# speec)%:% I5m going to Hor in Spain ne-t &ear%=% I Hor 'or a small pu$lis)ing compan&%>% I5m t)eir mar eting manager%

% T)e compan& )as opene# an o''ice in /arcelona%



Q% It5s $een *er& success'ul%% I5*e $een c)osen to run a neH o''ice in Ma#ri#%% I5m stu#&ing Spanis) in t)e e*enings%% I #on5t )a*e muc) time to en3o& m&sel'%% I )a*en5t )a# lunc) Hit) 'rien#s 'or ages%

:U% I )ope m& 'rien#s Hill come an# *isit me in Ma#ri#%::% I Hent t)ere last Hee Hit) m& secretar&%:=% 8e #i#n5t )a*e muc) time 'or sig)tseeing%:>% I )a*e to get $ac to Hor noH%Rac)el sai#\\6UESTIONS IN REPORTED SPEECH:1a sa$es que )a& #os maneras #e )acer preguntas en inglés!"Preguntas con *er$o au-iliar! Fo &ou li*e in Ma#ri#B"Preguntas con part9cula interrogati*a! 8)ere #o &ou li*eBFe$es recor#ar que una pregunta en estilo #irecto se con*ierte en una oraci4n a'irmati*auna *e+ que la pasamosa estilo in#irecto por tanto seguir( la estructura #e las oraciones a'irmati*as que &aconocemos 0S6D @/

COMPLEMENTOS2

Los *er$os intro#uctorios con los que a)ora *amos a empe+ar las preguntas en estiloin#irecto son _7E ASVEF ME o7E 8ANTEF TO VNO8`%Fa#o que )a& #os tipos #e preguntas en inglés )a& #os maneras #e pasarlas a estiloin#irecto%437 P! gun$ + &'n u8ili !:7e as e# meI I li*e# in Ma#ri#%En las preguntas con au-iliar #espués #el *er$o au-iliar utili+amos la e-presi4ncon#icional I como te )e #ic)oanteriormente pasa a ser una oraci4n a'irmati*a as9 a.a#imos el S6DETO @ER/O0comprue$a que )emos retrasa#olos tiempos seg,n la lista que te presenté anteriormente2 COMPLEMENTOS%537 P! gun$ + &'n 9 !$%&ul in$ !!'g $i :7e as e# me 87ERE I li*e#%En las preguntas con part9cula interrogati*a #espués #el *er$o intro#uctoria a.a#imos lapart9cula interrogati*acorrespon#iente para #espués a.a#ir el su3eto & el *er$o en el tiempo correspon#iente%

EJERCICIOS A2 Put t)e 'olloHing questions into t)e reporte# speec)!:% 8)o )as $een using m& t&peHriterB M& mot)er as e#=% Fo &ou Hant to see t)e cat)e#ralB T)e gui#e as e#>% Fi# &ou sleep HellB M& )ostess as e#

% 7a*e &ou $een )ere longB T)e ot)er stu#ents as e# )imQ% 7oH long )a*e &ou $een learning Englis)B Paul as e#%

% 8)ere are &ou going 'or &our summer )oli#a&sB I as e#% Fo &ou groH &our oHn *egeta$lesB M& 'rien# as e#%



% 7oH man& sleeping pills )a*e &ou ta enB T)e nig)t sister as e#%ORDERS IN REPORTED SPEECH:Para #ar 4r#enes en ingles utili+amos el imperati*o% El imperati*o es el ,nico tiempo eninglés en el que nonecesitamos su3eto en las oraciones%Kr#enes a'irmati*as!@ER/O COMPLEMENTOSOpen t)e #oor Kr#enes negati*as!FON5T @ER/O COMPLEMENTOFon5t close t)e Hin#oHLos *er$os intro#uctorios en este caso son! _7E ORFEREF ME o 7E TOLF ME`%Kr#enes a'irmati*as! 7e or#ere# me TO open t)e #oor%

Kr#enes negati*as! 7e or#ere# me NOT TO close t)e Hin#oH%EJERCICIOS

A2 Put t)e 'olloHing sentences into t)e reporte# speec)!:% Fon5t put stic & t)ings in &our poc ets 7is mot)er or#ere# )im=% Fon5t #o an&t)ing #angerous 7is Hi'e tol# )im>% Get into t)e rig)t lane T)e #ri*ing instructor or#ere# )er

% 7ol# t)e la##er 7e tol# )imQ% Fon5t ta e more t)an tHo o' t)ese T)e #octor or#ere# me

% asten &our seat $elts T)e )ostess tol# us% Fon5t #ri*e t)roug) 'og Hit) onl& a 'og lig)t on S)e or#ere# )im

QU

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES3 (ORACIONESCONDICIONALES)Recuer#a que en una oraci4n con#icional siempre )a& #os partes%En inglés )a& tres tipos #e oraciones con#icionales!CONDICIONALES DE TIPO 4 : PROBABLES7a& un :UU b #e posi$ili#a#es #e que la con#ici4n se cumpla si se cumple una #e laspartes #e la con#ici4n!I PRESENTE ? 6T6ROI' &ou p)one me I Hill go to t)e cinema%0La parte #el I pue#e ir al principio o al 'inal pero siempre segui#o #e presente si se trata#e una con#icional #e tipo

:2CONDICIONALES DE TIPO 5: I#PROBABLESLas posi$ili#a#es #e que se cumpla la con#ici4n se re#ucen a un QUb%I PASAFO SIMPLE ? 8O6LF IN INITI@OCO6LF IN INITI@OI' I noH &our a##ress I Houl# *isit &ouI )a# mone& I coul# tra*el all o*er t)e Horl#%CONDICIONALES TIPO ;: I#POSIBLES



No e-iste ninguna posi$ili#a# #e que se cumpla la con#ici4n la situaci4n )a teni#o lugaren el pasa#o & no )a&posi$ili#a# #e cam$iar el pasa#o%I PAST PER ECT ? 8O6LF 7A@E PAST PARTICIPLEI' &ou )a# stu#ie# more &ou Houl# )a*e passe# t)e e-amQ:EJERCICIOS A2 Put t)e *er$s in $rac ets into t)e correct tenses!:% I' &ou pass &our e-amination He 0)a*e2 a cele$ration%=% 1ou Houl# pla& $etter $ri#ge i' &ou 0not tal 2 so muc)%>% 8)at 0)appen2 i' I press t)is $uttonB

% I' &ou 0Hear2 a 'alse $ear# no$o#& Houl# )a*e recogni+e# &ouQ% I' &ou go to Paris H)ere 0&ou ? sta&2 B

% I' t)e mil man 0come2 tell )im to lea*e tHo pints%% Someone 0sit2 on &our glasses i' &ou lea*e t)em t)ere%% I' &ou 0rea#2 t)e instructions care'ull& &ou Houl#n5t )a*e ansH

Hrong question%% I' &ou s)a e t)at $ottle o' port it 0 not $e2 'it to #rin %

:U% I' I )a# noHn t)at &ou coul#n5t eat octopus I 0not $u&2 it%::% 8)at 0I ? #o2 i' I )ear t)e $urglar alarmB:=% I 0$ring2 &ou some $eer i' I )a# noHn t)at &ou Here t)irst&%:>% I' an&one attac e# me m& #og 03ump2 at )is t)roat%: % I' &ou )a# touc)e# t)at electric ca$le &ou 0$e2 electrocute#%:Q% 1ou 0not $e2 an& use to me i' &ou #on5t learn to t&pe%/2 inis) t)ese sentences ta ing care to use t)e correct tenses all o' t)em are con#itionalsentences!:% I' t)e *olcano starts erupting=% 7e Houl# len# it to &ou i'>% I' &ou )a# as e# )im )is permission

% I' &ou trie# to clim$ Hit)out a gui#eQ% I' t)e 'ire )a# $een notice# earlier% I' &ou lea*e t)e gate open

% I' &ou )a# an& sense% I' I )a# )a# a car% 1ou Hill )a*e to go to t)e #entist

:U% I' Tom rings H)ile I am out::% 1ou Houl#n5t )a*e $een angr&:=% I' &ou #i#n5t s)a e t)e camera so muc) t)e p)otograp)s:>% 7er li'e Houl# )a*e $een sa*e# i' : % I' &ou #on5t put enoug) stamps on a letter:Q% I' t)is )otel #oesn5t get anot)er cooQ=

EJERCICIOS DE REPASORecuer#a que el e-amen siempre se $asa en un te-to so$re el que tienes que contestaruna serie #e preguntas acontinuaci4n tienes *arios te-tos con los que pue#es ir practican#o% Procura no copiar lasrespuestas #irectamente #elte-to intenta siempre que sea posi$le contestar con tus propias pala$ras%

Al 'inal #e ca#a te-to te iré in#ican#o que parte #e la gram(tica #e$es repasar% A2



T)e Dac son 'amil& are on )oli#a& in Tur e&% T)e& are sta&ing at a $ig )otel in Istam$ul%Mar 0:>2 )is sister a&0:=2 an# t)eir parents li e Tur e&% It is $eauti'ul t)e Heat)er is )ot an# t)e 'oo# is goo#%To#a& t)e& are *isiting t)e cit&o' Tro&% T)e& are getting on a $us in 'ront o' t)eir )otel% T)ere are U people on t)e $us%T)e& come 'rom /ritain

America rance Ital& an# 7ollan#% AnsHer t)e 'olloHing questions on t)e te-t using &our oHn Hor#s! Fon5t repeat t)e te-t%:% 7oH man& people are t)ere in t)e Dac son 'amil&B=% In H)ic) Tur is) cit& are t)e& sta&ingB>% 7oH ol# are t)e c)il#renB

% 7oH man& people are t)ere in t)e $usBQ% 8)ere #o t)e people on t)e $us come 'romBGram(tica que #e$es repasar con este te-to!Presente continuo%

A#3eti*os posesi*osT)ere is ? T)ere are7oH muc) ? 7oH man&/2 Fear Norma an# Eric8e are in Ital&% 8e are *er& )app& )ere% T)e Heat)er is Hon#er'ul so He are at t)e $eac)all t)e time% T)e )otel is *er&$ig $ut it is not neH% People are *er& nice $o&s are *er& tall an# )an#some an# girls are*er& prett& an# t)in%%See &ou soon% Lo*e% Peter an# Sara):2 8)ere are Peter an# Sara)B=2 Are t)e& sa#B>2 8)at s t)e Heat)er li e in Ital&B

2 Fescri$e t)e )otel% Is it small is it ol#BC2

/at) is a *er& ol# cit& in Englan#% It )as a $eauti'ul A$$e&% A lot o' people *isit t)e cit& an#in t)e summer t)ere arealHa&s croH#s so tourists in t)e streets% Pete an# Carla are stu#ents at /at) uni*ersit&%Carla li es to Hal in t)e little$ac streets% It is quiet )ere $ut Pete an# Carla can )ear music% _Loo ` sa&s Pete% `T)atman is pla&ing t)e 'lute%Let5sgo an# listen` Pete an# Carla listen to t)e 'lute pla&er% T)e tune isGreensle*es an# Carla sings it Hit) )im%

AnsHer t)e questions accor#ing to t)e te-t!:2 Are Pete an# Carla!Q>

a2 s)op eepers $2 stu#ents c2 touristsB=2 Is /at) A$$&!a2 a c)urc) $2 t)e name o' a street c2 t)e name o' a ca'éB>2 8)at isGreensle*esBT)is stor& ta es place in /at)% 7ere are anagrams o' 'our ot)er /ritis) cities% T)e& all$egin Hit) letter /% 8)atare t)e&BRTI/G7NO INAI7RMG/M RTI/SLO 6TM/RO7ONE8



8riting!1ou are one o' t)e tourists in /at)% 8rite a postcar# to someone at )ome%Gram(tica que #e$es repasar con este te-to!Presente simple *s Presente Continuo%F2I )a*e a 'rien# in Englan#% 7is name is Ven Ro$erts% I noH )im *er& Hell% 8e o'ten Hriteto eac) ot)er% M& lettersare *er& s)ort% It is still *er& )ar# to Hrite in Englis)% I recei*e# a letter 'rom Ven &ester#a&%It ma#e me *er& )app&% 7eis coming to m& countr& 'or a )oli#a& ne-t &ear% 8e are going to see eac) ot)er 'or t)e 'irsttime%

AnsHer t)ese questions% 1our ansHers must not $e more t)an Q= Hor#s%:% 8)ere #oes &our 'rien# Ven Ro$erts li*eB=% 8)at #o &ou $ot) o'ten #oB>% Are &our letters s)ort or longB

% Is it )ar# 'or &ou to Hrite in Englis) or is it eas&BQ% 8)at Hill Ven #o ne-t &earB

% 8ill &ou see eac) ot)er 'or t)e 'irst time or notBE2Our summer )oli#a&s last > mont)s% Furing t)e last Hee o' t)e )oli#a&s He get rea#& 'orsc)ool% 8e $u& pencilspens paper an# neH $oo s% On t)e 'irst #a& o' sc)ool He see all our 'rien#s again an# Hetell t)em a$out t)e)oli#a&s% A'ter t)at He get into class% It is so )ar# to eep quiet an# pa& attention to ourteac)er% 7e alHa&s sa&sHit) a laug)%_1ou 'orget more in t)ree mont)s t)an &ou learn in a &ear`%1our ansHers must not $e more t)an QQ Hor#s!:% 7oH long #o our summer )oli#a& lastB=% 8)en #o He prepare 'or sc)oolB

>% 8)om #o He see on t)e 'irst #a&B% 8)at #o He tell t)emBQ% 8)ere #o He go t)enB

% 8)at #oes our teac)er alHa&s sa&BQGram(tica que #e$es repasar con este te-to!Repasa el presente simple%

2It is *er& )ot in t)e summer an# in t)e e*enings no$o#& li es sta&ing at )ome% People Halin t)e streets or sit in t)eopen% 8e )a*e a special summer cinema an# m& 'rien#s an# I o'ten go t)ere% T)ere aretall trees all roun# an# it is

*er& cool% Sometimes t)e 'ilms are not *er& goo# $ut He #o not min#% T)e stars s)ine in aclear s & an# t)ere iso'ten a large $rig)t moon% 8e can 'orget t)e 'ilm an# en3o& a pleasant e*ening%1our ansHers must not $e more t)an Hor#s!:2 Is it )ot in t)e summer or is it col#B=2 Fo people li e to go out in t)e e*ening or #o t)e& li e to sta& at)omeB>2 8)ere #o &our 'rien#s an# &ou o'ten goB

2 Is it Harm t)ere or is it coolB



Q2 Fo &ou sometimes see $a# 'ilms or #o &ou alHa&s see goo# 'ilmsB2 Fo &ou min# a$out t)is or notB2 Fo &ou alHa&s en3o& a pleasant e*ening or notB

Gram(tica que #e$es repasar con este te-to!Repasa el presente simple & los a#*er$ios #e 'recuencia que a menu#oacompa.an a este tipo #e presente%G2It5s Danuar& :Ut)% To#a& Dane is se*enteen &ears o' age% S)e5s Hearing a prett& neH#ress% It5s $lue an# H)ite% Daneis )a*ing a part& to#a& an# s)e5s e-pecting all )er 'rien#s to come% T)e& are going toarri*e in a s)ort time% T)e& aregoing to $ring man& $eauti'ul presents Hit) t)em% Dane5s mot)er )as prepare# a lot o' nicet)ings to eat an# #rin %T)e &oung people are going to pla& games sing #ance an# listen to music% T)e& Hill )a*ea Hon#er'ul time toget)er%

AnsHer t)e 'olloHing questions% 1our ansHers must not $e more t)an Q: Hor#s!:% 8)at is t)e #ate to#a&B=% 8)ose $irt)#a& is itB>% 7oH ol# is s)eB% Is Dane Hearing a neH #ress or is it Hearing an ol# oneBQ% Is s)e )a*ing a part& or notB

% 8)en Hill )er 'rien#s arri*eB% 8)at are t)e &oung people going to #o at t)e part&B

Repasa la siguiente gram(tica!Presente continuo%

uturo! 7ill ? To $e going to72Mr an# Mrs Simms go to t)e mar et on Satur#a& mornings% Mr Simms ne*er en3o&s t)ese*isits% Mrs Simms goess)opping an# )e sits on a $o- an# Haits 'or )er% T)is morning t)ere Has more noise t)an

usual an# e*er&one Has in a)urr&% Mrs Simms $oug)t some meat 'is) 'ruit an# *egeta$les% An )our passe# an# t)ena man came up to Mr Simms%QQE-cuse me )e sai# is &our name SimmsB 1our Hi'e )as 'inis)e# s)opping noH $ut t)e$ags are *er& )ea*&% S)eHants &ou to carr& t)em )ome 'or )er%1our ansHers must not $e more t)en Q Hor#s!:% 8)ere #o Mr an# Mrs Simms go e*er& Satur#a& morningB=% Foes Mr Simms en3o& it or notB>% Fi# )is Hi'e $u& man& #i''erent t)ings t)is morning or #i# s)e $u& onl& a 'eH t)ingsB

% 7oH long #i# )er )us$an# HaitBQ% 8)at #i# Mrs Simms Hant )er )us$an# to #o in t)e en#BRepasa la siguiente gram(tica!Present simple 0 Tercera persona2Pasa#o simple%I2I Hor e# as a postman 'or a s)ort time% /ut I am a'rai# o' #ogs an# I )a*e a lot o' trou$le%One #a& I trie# to #eli*er a



postcar# to a $ig )ouse% I got o'' m& $ic&cle an# at once a large #og ran toHar#s t)e gate%It ma#e a lot o' noise an# int)e en# I #roppe# t)e car# in t)e gar#en% T)e #og pic e# it up imme#iatel& an# carrie# itinto t)e )ouse% T)e #og Has a$etter postman t)an I Has%1our ansHers must not $e more t)an Q Hor#s!Fi# I Hor as a postman 'or a long time or 'or a s)ort timeBFi# I 'in# t)e Hor eas& or #i# I 'in# it #i''icultBFo I li e #ogs or am I a'rai# o' t)emB8)ere #i# I )a*e to #eli*er a postcar# one #a&B8oul# t)e #og at t)e )ouse let me go t)roug) t)e gate or notB8)ere #i# I t)roH t)e car#B8)ere #i# t)e #og ta e itBRepasa la siguiente gram(tica!Repasa el pasa#o simple #e los *er$os regulares e irregulares%D2T)e c)il#ren ne-t #oor o'ten pla& 'oot$all in t)e gar#en an# sometimes $rea m& Hin#oHs%Last Satur#a& a'ternoonI sta&e# at )ome an# rea# a $oo % A'ter a H)ile I close# m& e&es an# Hent to sleep% Asoun# at t)e #oor ma#e me getup quic l&% Soon a little $o& appeare#%_Not one o' m& Hin#oHs again`B I as e#O) no AnsHere# t)e $o&% _1our Hin#oH Has open t)is time an# our $all is in &our$e#room% Ma& He get in pleaseB1our ansHers must not $e more t)an QU Hor#s!:% 8)ere #o t)e c)il#ren ne-t #oor o'ten pla& 'oot$allB=% 8)at #o t)e& sometimes $rea B>% 8)ere #i# I spen# t)e a'ternoon last Satur#a&B

% 8)o came to t)e #oorBQ% 8)at #i# )e Hant to #oB

% 8)ere Has itBQ% Fi# )e $rea m& Hin#oH or notB% 8as it open or Has it s)utB

V2Lacoc near C)ippen)am in t)e count& o' 8ilts)ire is a $eauti'ul little *illage Hit) apopulation o' =UU% 8illiam7enr& o- Tal$ot t)e p)otograp)ic pioneer ma#e t)e 'irst paper negati*e a p)otograp)o' a Hin#oH in Lacoc A$$e&in : >Q%/etHeen QQUUU an# UUUU people *isit t)e A$$e& e*er& &ear% Fa*i# an# Vat)leen AllanoHn a 'oo# store an# t)e

post o''ice in Lacoc % Mr Allan sa&s )e )as no pro$lems Hit) tourists $ut some o' t)ein)a$itants are tire# o' tourists\\\%%

AnsHer t)ese questions!:% 8)at is t)e *illage 'amous 'orB=% 8)& #o tourists Hant to *isit itB>% 8)o Has 8illiam 7enr& o- Tal$otB

% 7oH man& people *isit t)e A$$e& e*er& &earBQ% 8)o are t)e oHners o' t)e post o''ice in Lacoc B



% Fo people in Lacoc li e touristsBL27O8BT)e& Here all t)ere% T)e sons t)e #aug)ters t)e Hi*es t)e c)il#ren e*en little 'our &earol# An#reH% T)e& $ecamequiet H)en ol# la#& /oon stoo# up at t)e en# o' t)e great room% _T)an &ou all 'or coming`s)e sai#% _E*er& &ear t)ereare more o' &ou X Hi*es c)il#ren% E*er& &ear on t)is #a& He remem$er m& poor #ear SirGeorge% People o'ten as _7oH #i# Sir George $ecome Comman#er in C)ie' o' all our 'ig)ting menB An# e*er& &ear'or t)e neH ones I tell&ou t)is stor&% _8)en Sir George came $ac 'rom t)e Har t)e Ving )imsel' sent 'or )im%_Sir George sai# t)e ing% _1ou )a*e lost an arm t)an goo# arm Has s)ot aHa& in t)e Har% 1ou ga*e t)at arm 'or &our countr&% I noH gi*e &ou m&oHn H)ite )orse% rom t)is #a& it is &ours`% T)e people H)o )ear# La#& /oon Here )app&at t)e t)oug)t% our &ear ol# An#reH pulle# at t)e coat o' a man near )im% _7as s)e 'inis)e#BSssssssss))))))) sai# t)e man% _/ut t)atis not all` La#& /oon $egan again% Sir George sai# to t)e ing% _T)e ing5s oHn )orse 'orone arm An# 'or tHoarmsB` T)e ing sai#% _ or tHo lost arms I must ma e &ou Comman#er in C)ie' o' all m&'ig)ting men`% An# at onceSir George s)ot o'' )is ot)er arm` A little cr& Hent up 'rom t)e people in t)e room% T)e ing remem$ere# )isHor#s% At once Sir George$ecame Comman#er in C)ie' o' all our 'ig)ting men% A great man% Let5s us #rin as Heremem$er Sir George /oon% T)epeople in t)e room #ran 'rom t)eir large glasses an# laug)e# an# tal e# again%Little An#reH Hent up to La#& /oon an# as e#% Is it trueB Fi# Sir George s)oot o'' )is

ot)er arm in 'ront o' t)e ingB_1es` s)e sai#% An# Little An#reH sai#! 7oHB AnsHer t)e 'olloHing questions!:% 8)o Has Sir George5s Hi'eB=% 8)o Has Sir GeorgeB>% 8)o ga*e )im a H)ite )orse

% 8)o Has in t)e great roomBQ% 8)o #i#n5t $elie*e t)e stor& a$out Sir GeorgeBM2T7E MISTER1 O T7E LOC7 NESS MONSTER%QT)e Loc) Ness Monster A 'amous monster A 'amous m&ster& 1es t)e Loc) Ness

Monster is a m&ster&% 8)at is amonsterB It5s a $ig animal or a $ig 'is) It5s $ig an# it5s strange%8)at is a loc)B It5s a strange Hor#% It is a Scottis) Hor#% Englis) people sa& la e% A loc) isa in# o' la e in Scotlan# ala e $etHeen toH )ills% Loc) Ness is not t)e onl& loc) in Scotlan# $ut it is a 'amous loc)%Loc) Ness is an ol# la e% Ol#B 1es =QUUU &ears% It5s also a long la e% It5s > % ms long$ut onl& :% ms Hi#e% Loc)Ness is also a #eep la e = metres #eep%



NESSIE! T)e Loc) Ness Monster )as a name% T)e name i' t)e monster is Nessie% Nessieis a real Scottis) name%Nessie comes 'rom t)e name Agnes% It is common in Scotlan#% T)e name o' Loc) Nesscomes 'rom t)e Ri*er Ness%It runs 'rom Loc) Ness to t)e toHn o' In*erness% In*erness is _mout) o' t)e Ri*er Ness`%T)e Loc) Ness Monster ui+:% 8)at is a monsterB=% 8)at is a loc)B>% Is Loc) Ness t)e onl& loc) in Scotlan#B

% 8)at is t)e name o' t)e Loc) Ness MonsterBQ% Is Loc) Ness = ms > % ms or U ms longB

% Is Loc) Ness : m :% m or :% ms Hi#eB% Is Loc) Ness = metres QUU metres o' Q metres #eepB

N2T7E LETTER!It Has Vell&5s 'irst 3o$ as a seaman an# t)e s)ip Has a $ig one% It sta&e# at sea 'or mont)sat a time% At last letterscame 'rom )ome% T)ere Has a letter 'or Vell& an# )e put it insi#e )is s)irt% 7is 'rien# Al$ertsai#!_Aren5t &ou going to rea# &our letterB` _No I )a*e Hor to #o`%Late t)at nig)t Al$ert saH Vell& again% 7e sai#!

_Fi# &ou rea# &our letterB` `8)o is it 'romB` _No`%` 7oH #o I noHB` _ 8ell &ou must noH t)e HritingB` _No` _8ell open it` _No`_Fon5t &ou Hant to rea# itB` _ 1es I Hant to rea# it`% _So H)& #on5t &ou rea# itB _/ecause I can5t rea#%` _O) 8)& #i#n5t &ou sa& soB 7ere gi*e it to me% _8)at are &ou #oingB _Opening it`% _ T)at5s m& letter`%

_8)o 'romB` _ rom X er X /ett&% 8)o is t)atB` Y _M& girl'rien#`% _O are &ou rea#&B` _Rea#& 'or H)atB` _I Hill rea# it% Rig)t% T)is is it% _M& #earest%%%%%%` _8ait 8)at are &ou #oing noHB` _ I am putting t)e lig)t o''%` _8)&B`

Q _T)at letter is 'rom /ett& to me% I can5t let &ou see it% _ _ 7oH can I rea# it noHB I can5t see an&t)ing% _8ait )ere is a torc)%` _ T)an s`% _Can &ou see noHB

_ T)is torc) is no goo#% It #oesn5t lig)t`% _ I Hill put t)e lig)t on again`% _ Can I rea# it noHB` _ 8ait`% _ 8)at are &ou #oing Vell&B` _I5m putting m& )an#s o*er &our ears% NoH &ou can5t )ear H)at &ou are sa&ing% O rea#

me t)e letter% AnsHer t)ese questions!:% 8)& #i#n5t Vell& open )is letterB



=% 8)& #i# )e put t)e lig)t o''B>% 8)& #i# )e get a torc)B

% 8)& #i# t)e s)ip sta& at sea 'or a long timeBQ% 8)& #i# Vell& put )is )an#s o*er Al$ert5s earsBM2Rea#i$g!/EIDING/ei3ing is t)e capital o' t)e People5s Repu$lic o' C)ina% Its ol# name is Pe ing% It is in t)enort) east o' C)ina $etHeentHo ri*ers t)e 1ung Ting an# t)e C)ai Pau% /ei3ing is t)e centre o' t)e C)inesego*ernment an# t)e cultural centre o' C)ina%T)e cit& o' /ei3ing is *er& $ig QUU square miles o' = UUU square ilometres% It is t)e si+eo' a small countr& or a state%1ou can compare it to 7aiti an# NeH 7amps)ire in t)e 6nite# States%Tienanmen Square is a large open area in /ei3ing 'amous in all t)e Horl# since t)estu#ent massacre in : % T)eGreat 7all o' t)e People is on t)e Hest si#e o' t)e square%

AnsHer t)ese questions!:% 8)ere is t)is toHnB=% 8)at5s t)e name o' t)e 'amous square in /ei3ingB>% 8)& is it 'amousB

% Name tHo ri*ers in t)e te-t!C)oose t)e correct ansHer!Pe ing is!a2 an ol# name 'or /ei3ing$2 t)e pro*incial capital o' t)e People5s Repu$lic o' C)inac2 t)e agricultural centre o' C)inaTrue or 'alseBQ

:2 /ei3ing is t)e capital o' t)e People5s Repu$lic o' C)ina=2 /ei3ing is in t)e centre o' C)ina>2 /ei3ing co*ers a *er& large area

2 T)e Great 7all o' t)e people is on t)e east si#e o' t)e Tiananmen Square8rite a$out a toHn &ou li e% olloH t)is plan!

Situation

8)& is it important! main acti*it&

Si+e population etc

Some important $uil#ings monuments etc6se t)e passage a$out /ei3ing to )elp &ou%U

SOLUCIONES A LOS EJERCICIOSTO BE:% Gi*e questions 'or t)ese ansHers!No I am marrie#%

Are &ou marrie#BS)e is ten &ears ol#%



7oH ol# is s)eB7al' past se*en%8)at time is itB

rom German&%8)ere are &ou 'romBIt is near t)e supermar et%8)ere is t)e sc)oolB: > = Q8)at is &our telep)one num$erB8ell t)an &ou an# &ouB7oH are &ouBLope+%8)at is &our surnameBTeresa8)at is &our nameBNo t)e& are #entists%

Are t)e& pilotsB:

SOLUCIONES A LOS EJERCICIOSTO BE:% Gi*e questions 'or t)ese ansHers!No I am marrie#%

Are &ou marrie#BS)e is ten &ears ol#%7oH ol# is s)eB7al' past se*en%8)at time is itB

rom German&%8)ere are &ou 'romBIt is near t)e supermar et%8)ere is t)e sc)oolB

: > = Q8)at is &our telep)one num$erB8ell t)an &ou an# &ouB7oH are &ouBLope+%8)at is &our surnameBTeresa8)at is &our nameBNo t)e& are #entists%

Are t)e& pilotsB:

ARTÍCULOS:% Put A?AN or T7E in t)ese sentences H)ere necessar&!8oul# &ou li e

AN appleBCan &ou closeT7E #oor pleaseBE-cuse me H)ere isT7E $us station pleaseB



I5*e got A pro$lem% Can &ou )elp meBM& sister )as got

A 3o$ in A $an in Manc)ester 8e li*e in

A small 'lat near T7E cit& centreT)ere is A small supermar et at T7E en# o' T7E street I li*e in%T7ESun is star%TRANSLATION ( TRADUCCIÓN) (TO BE):% Tra#uce las siguientes oraciones #e manera a'irmati*a negati*a e interrogati*a%El c)ico 'rancés es alto%

A'irmati*a! T)e renc) $o& is tallNegati*a! T)e renc) $o& is not tallInterrogati*a! Is t)e renc) $o& tallBLos li$ros a+ules son *ie3os%

A'! T)e $lue $oo s are ol#Ng!T)e $lue $oo s are not ol#Int! Are t)e $lue $oo s ol#B8illiam es mé#ico%

A'! 8illiam is a #octor Ng! 8illiam is not a #octor%Int! Is 8illiam a #octorBLas mu3eres espa.olas son guapas%

A'! Spanis) Homen are prett&%Ng! Spanis) Homen are not prett&%Int! Are Spanis) Homen prett&B=La pro'esora es #elga#a%

A'! T)e teac)er is t)in%Ng! T)e teac)er is not t)in%Int! Is t)e teac)er t)inBLa camiseta amarilla es cara%

A'! T)e &elloH t s)irt is e-pensi*e%Ng! T)e &elloH t s)irt is not e-pensi*e%Int! Is t)e &elloH t s)irt e-pensi*eB

La mesa gran#e es nue*a% A'! T)e $ig ta$le is neH%Ng! T)e $ig ta$le is not neH%Int! Is t)e $ig ta$le neHB=% Completa los espacios #e las siguientes 'rases con la 'orma correcta #el *er$o TO /E7ello girls! 8elcome to t)e sc)ool Let s intro#uce our teac)ers!T)is is Dames% 7e %%%IS%%%%%%%%%t)e Englis) teac)er an# )e %%%%%%%IS%%%%'rom Englan#% T)is is Rose%t)e coo an# s)e %%%%%



%IS%%%%%%%'rom Lon#on% T)is is Do)n an# t)is is Anne% T)e& %%%%ARE%%%%%%stu%%%%%%

ARE%%%%%%'rom Scotlan#% 1ou %%%%%ARE%%%%goo# stu#ents%Girls He%%%%

ARE%%%%%%%rea#& an# I t)in t)e teac)ers %%%%%%ARE%%%%%%rea#&% Let s $egin TO BE < TO HAVE

A2 Complete t)e sentences Hit) TO /E or TO 7A@E!8)ere

ARE &ou 'romBRo$ert 7AS an apple%

Anna IS tHent& nine &ears ol#%T)e&

ARE col#%7e 7AS a c)ocolate ice cream%T)ere IS a $oo on t)e ta$le% A or# IS a small car $ut it 7AS 'our #oors%

ARE t)ere an& people 'rom German& in t)e classBSil*ia IS *er& &oung%T)ereIS some $eer in t)e 'ri#ge%

>TO BE (6UESTIONS)/2 in# t)e rig)t ansHers 'or t)ese questions!:2 8)ere is t)e cameraB A2 Lon#on%:=2 Is &our car $lueB/2 No I am not%=G>2 Is Lin#a 'rom Lon#onB C2 1es &ou are%>7

2 Am I lateBF2 M& sister%C

Q2 8)ere is Ann 'romB E2 /lacQA

2 8)at colour is &our $agB 2 In &our $ag%E2 Are &ou )ungr&BG2 No it5s $lac %/2 7oH is GeorgeB 72 No s)e is American%I2 8)o is t)at HomanB I2 @er& Hell%F

C2 8rite t)e questions! 0Rea# t)e ansHers 'irst20name28)at is &our nameB Paul%



0marrie# or single2 Are &ou marrie# or singleB I am marrie#%0American2

Are &ou AmericanB No I5m Australian%0)oH ol#2 7oH ol# are &ouB I5m >U%0a teac)er2 Are &ou a teac)erB No I5m a laH&er%0Hi'e a laH&er2 Is &our Hi'e a laH&erB No s)e is a #esigner%0'rom28)ere is s)e 'romB S)e is Italian%0)er name28)at is )er nameB Anna%0)oH ol#27oH ol# is s)eB S)e is = %ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS

A2 Complete t)e sentences Hit) 7IS? 7ER?T7EIRI saH Li+ Hit) 7ER )us$an# P)ilip%I saH Ann an# Te# Hit) T7EIR c)il#ren%I saH Te# Hit) 7IS Hi'e Ann%I saH George Hit) 7IS $rot)er /ill%I saH Ann Hit) 7ER $rot)er /ill%I saH Li+ an# P)ilip Hit) T7EIR son /ill%I saH Ann Hit) 7ER parents%

I saH Fiana an# Ro$ert Hit) T7EIR parents%/2 ill in t)e $lan s Hit) t)e 'olloHing su$3ect pronouns an# possessi*e a#3ecti*es!I?1O6?7E?S7E?IT?M1?1O6R?7IS?7ER?T7EIR?1O6R!

Are &ou Mar& LeHisB 1es I am%

S)e is 'rom Spain% M1 name is Carmen%

7e is 'rom Dapan 7IS name is Paul 8atana$e% Are &ou ItalianB No I am Gree %Is &our name Do)nB No IT isn5t%

M1 name is Alice I am a #entist%Monica an#



7ER mot)er are #octors%P)ilip is renc) $ut 7IS Hi'e is German%George an# Varen are /ritis) T7EIR #aug)ter is marrie# to an American%

Ann is a p)otograp)er an# 7ER $rot)er is a teac)er%M& sister an#

I are American $ut O6R parents are Gree %7enr&5s mot)er is a s)op assistant 7ER name is Luc&%

Alice an# /ill are #octors an# T7EIR son is a stu#ent%T)is is M1 $rot)er Do)n an# t)is is 7IS room%C2 ill in t)e gaps% 6se t)e personal pronouns an# possessi*e a#3ecti*es%Melin#a is an Englis) girl% S7E li*es in a $eauti'ul )ouse on t)e outs irts o' Rea#ing% IT a $it 'ar 'rom t)e sc)ool% 7ER mot)er ta es )er t)ere $& car e*er& morning $ecause S7E Hor s in a)ospital near$&% In t)e a'ternoon a'ter sc)ool Melin#a goes $ac )ome $& $us%

7ER classmates De''re& an# Fa*i# go $ac Hit) )er% T7E1 are 7ERneig)$ours%F2 C)oose t)e rig)t Hor#!It5st)eir?t)eirs pro$lem not our? ours%T)is is a nice camera% Is it

&our?&oursBT)at5s notm&?mine um$rella% M&?Mine is $lac %8)ose $oo s are t)eseB1our ?1ours or m&?mineBCat)erine is going out Hit))er? )ers 'rien#s t)is e*ening%M&?mine room is $igger t)an )er?)ersT)e& )a*e got tHo c)il#ren $ut I #on5t noHt)eir?t)eirs namesCan He use &our Has)ing mac)ineB

Our?Ours is $ro enQGENITIVO SAJÓN= "A#ILY TREE8ILLIAM DANEPA6L MAGG1 ANNE LISA 7ENR1Do)n Mar&Susan Ric)ar#0Los nom$res que est(n su$ra&a#os son los )i3os #e 8illiam & Dane2

A2 Complete t)e 'olloHing e-ercise $& using t)e Sa-on geniti*e!



E3! 8illiam isDANE5S 76S/ANF% 0DANE28illiam an# Dane are Lisa5s parents 0LISA2Paul is Lisa5s $rot)er 0LISA2Lisa is 7enr&5s Hi'e 0 7ENR12Paul is 8illiam5s son 0 8ILLIAM2Do)n an# Mar& areMagg&5s c)il#ren 0MAGG12Do)n an# Mar& are 8illiam5s gran#c)il#ren 08ILLIAM2Mar& is

Anne5s niece 0ANNE2Ric)ar# is

Anne5s nep)eH 0 ANNE2 Anne is Susan5s aunt 0S6SAN2Paul is Susan5s uncle 0S6SAN2Do)n is Susan5s cousin 0S6SAN2Lisa is Susan5s mot)er 0S6SAN2Mar& is Dane5s gran##aug)ter 0DANE2

Anne is Lisa5s sister 0LISA2

Mar& is Magg&5s #aug)ter 0MAGG12/2 ReHrite t)e 'olloHing sentences $& using t)e Sa-on geniti*e%E3! T)e girl )as a prett& #ress% T)e girl5s #ress is prett&%T)e man )as H)ite )air% T)e man5s )air is H)ite%Mar& )as re# s)oes% Mar&5s s)oes are re#%T)e ing )as a $eauti'ul palace%T)e ing5s palace is $eauti'ul%

Alice )as a neH $ic&cle% Alice5s $ic&cle is neH%

T)e cat )as green e&es% T)e cat5s e&es are green%M& #og )as a long tail% M& #og5s tail is long%T)e men )a*e long )air% T)e men5s )air is long%

C2 Translate t)e 'olloHing sentences!Est( el )ermano #e Pe#ro en la cocinaB No no est(%



Is Peter5s $rot)er in t)e itc)enB No )e isn5t%La casa #e Paul es mu& $onita%Paul5s )ouse is *er& $eauti'ul%Este es el coc)e #e /ill& & aquel es el #e Mar&%T)is is /ill&5s car an# t)at is Mar&5s%

F4n#e est( la cer*e+a #e tu a$ueloB Est( en la cocina%8)ere is &our gran#'at)er5s $eerB It is in t)e itc)en%El mari#o #e Susan es el pa#re #e Ro$ert%Susan5s )us$an# is Ro$ert5s 'at)er %7o& es el cumplea.os #e mi ma#re%M& mot)er5s $irt)#a& is to#a&%VERB TENSESPRESENTE CONTINUO

A2 8)at5s )appening at t)e momentB 8rite TR6E sentences!I ? Has) ? m& )air%I am not Has)ing m& )air%It? snoH%It is not snoHing%I? sit ? on a c)air%I am sitting on a c)air%I ? eat%I am not eating%It? rain%It is raining%I? learn? Englis)%I am learning Englis)%I ? listen? to music%I am not listening to music%T)e sun? s)ine%T)e sun is s)ining%I ? Hear ? s)oes%I am Hearing s)oes%I ? rea#? a neHspaper%I am not rea#ing a neHspaper%/2 8rite questions 'rom t)ese Hor#s% 6seis or are an# put t)e Hor#s in or#er%Hor ing ? Paul ? to#a&BIs Paul Hor ing to#a&B

8)at ?#oing ? t)e c)il#renB8)at are t)e c)il#ren #oingB1ou ? listening ? to meB

Are &ou listening to meB8)ere ? going ? &our 'rien#sB8)ere are &our 'rien#s goingB1our parents? tele*ision ? Hatc)ingB

Are &our parents Hatc)ing T@B8)at ? coo ing ? AnnB



8)at is Ann coo ingB

8)& ? &ou ? loo ing at me B8)& are &ou loo ing at meBComing ? t)e $usBIs t)e $us comingBPRESENTE SI#PLE A2 Completa el siguiente art9culo perio#9stico so$re Lor# Stone$ur&% 6tili+a PRESENTESIMPLE% To#os los*er$os )an #e ser a'irmati*os% Recuer#a la >; persona #el singular% Fe$es utili+ar to#oslos *er$os que te #o& acontinuaci4n% En algunos casos )an #e usarse m(s #e una *e+ 0tal & como te in#ico entreparéntesis2% /uscaenel #iccionario aquellos *er$os que no cono+cas%Go 0 2 ? )a*e 0>2 ? li*e 0=2 ? get ? meet ? oHn ? pla& ? rea# ? spen# ? talLor# Stone$ur& is = &ears ol#% 7e li*es in /elgra*ia in Lon#on5s 8est En#% 7e is *er& ric) an#)e oHns t)e compan& O''ice /loc s International% E*er& morning t)e &oung Lor#

)as$rea 'ast in $e# an# rea#s t)e neHspapers% 7e gets up at :U o5cloc an# usuall& goes

'or a Hal in 7&#e Par % 7e )as lunc) at )is clu$% 7e sometimesmeets t)e

Firectors O/I an# t)e& tal a$out t)e compan&5s plans% In t)e a'ternoon Lor# Stone$ur& an# )is'rien#s sometimes pla& gol'% T)en t)e& )a*e a 'eH #rin s% Or sometimes )e an# a girl'rien#

go 'or a #ri*e in )is sports car% A'ter #inner Lor# Stone$ur& goes to a nig)tclu$ or a casinoHit) one o' )is girl'rien#s% T)e& go )ome at a$out = o5cloc %In t)e Hinter t)e &oung Lor# li*es in Monte Carlo% An# )e spen#s )is summer )oli#a&s int)e 8est In#ies%/2 8rite sentences 'rom t)ese Hor#s! Put t)e *er$s in t)e rig)t 'orm 0arri*e or arri*esB2%/e care'ul Hit)'requenc& a#*er$s%alHa&s ? earl& ? Sue ? arri*e

Sue alHa&s arri*es earl&%$as et$all ? I ? pla& ? o'tenI o'ten pla& $as et$all%Hor ? Margaret ? )ar# ? usuall&Margaret usuall& Hor s )ar#%Denn& ? alHa&s ? nice ?Hear ? clot)es



Denn& alHa&s Hears nice clot)es%#inner ? He ? )a*e ? alHa&s ? at %>U8e alHa&s )a*e #inner at %>Uli e ? c)ocolate ? c)il#ren ? usuall&C)il#ren usuall& li e c)ocolate%Dulia ? parties ? en3o& ? alHa&sDulia alHa&s en3o&s parties%

C2 8rite questions! 6se t)e Hor#s in $rac ets FO ?FOES% Put t)e Hor#s in t)e rig)tor#er%H)ere ? li*e ? &our parents B8)ere #o &our parents li*eB&ou ? earl& ? alHa&s ? get upBFo &ou alHa&s get up earl&B)oH o'ten ? T@ ? &ou ? Hatc) B7oH o'ten #o &ou Hatc) T@B&ou ? Hant ? H)at ? 'or #innerB8)at #o &ou Hant 'or #inner Bli e ? &ou ? 'oot$allBFo &ou li e 'oot$allB&our $rot)er ? li e ? 'oot$allBFoes &our $rot)er li e 'oot$all

BH)at ? &ou ? #o ? in t)e e*eningB8)at #o &ou #o in t)e e*eningB&our sister ? Hor ? H)ere B8)ere #oes &our sister Hor Bto t)e cinema ? o'ten ? &ou ? goBFo &ou o'ten go to t)e cinemaBgo ? usuall& ? to $e# ? H)at time ? &ou B8)at time #o &ou usuall& go to $e#B

0PRESENTE SI#PLE O PRESENTE CONTINUOF2 C)oose t)e rig)t ansHer! Simple present or present continuousB:2Listen Someone / t)e *iolin% Can &ou )ear itBa2 pla&s$2is pla&ing=2 7elen is a musician% S)e

A t)e *iolin in an orc)estra%a2



pla&s$2 is pla&ing>2 7e / *er& )ar# noH% 7is e-ams are *er& ne-t%a2 Hor s $2is Hor ing

2 Can I p)one &ou $ac B / #inner at t)e moment%a2 )a*e $2am )a*ingQ2 Vim

A in a $an % S)e )as Hor e# t)ere 'or =U &ears%a2Hor s $2 is Hor ing

2 8)ere is Do)nB / t)e #innerBa2 #oes )e coo $2is )e coo ing

2 Loo 8e can5t pla& tennis% It /a2 rains $2is raining

2 /o$ A meat% 7e is a *egetarian%

a2#oesn5t eat $2 isn5t eat%E2 Simple present or present continuousB1ou can5t see Tom noH% 7e 0)a*e2is )a*ing a $at)%7e usuall& 0spea 2

spea s so quic l& t)at I 0not un#erstan#2 #on5t un#erstan# )im%7oH 0 &ou usuall& go2 #o &ou usuall& go to Hor B%7e 0Hor 2 is Hor ing at preset in an o''ice%T)e $a$& 0cr&2 is cr&ing Gi*e )im some 'oo#%8)at 0)e #o2is )e #oing B% 7e 0repair2 is repairing )is $ic&cle%8)at 0 )e #o2 #oes )e #o B% 7e is a pilot%Stella 0usuall& sta&2

usuall& sta&s in a )otel H)en s)e 0come2 comes to Lon#on $ut t)isHee s)e 0sta&2 is sta&ing Hit) us%8)at 0&our Hi'e #o2 #oes &our Hi'e #o B S)e is a nurse $ut s)e 0not Hor 2 is notHor ing

at t)e moment%Loo T)e train 0come2is coming



2 C)oose t)e correct *er$ 'orms!Stan)a*e?)as $rea 'ast at )al' past se*en%Varen #oes not)a*e? )as $rea 'ast%7oH #oes Varengo?goes to Hor BStango?goes to Hor $& $us%M& 'at)er Hor ? Hor s in Car#i'' 7e #oes notli e ? li es tra*elling7eget up ? gets up at si- o5cloc e*er&#a&%M& parentsli*e ?li*es in a $ig )ouse%8)at #oes &our 'at)er #o?#oesBStan an# Varenli*e ?li*es in O-'or#%VERB TENSESSI#PLE PAST (TO BE)

A2 Complete t)e 'olloHing sentences Hit) AM ? IS? ARE? 8AS ? 8ERELast &ear s)e Has == so s)e is noH%To#a& t)e Heat)er is nice $ut &ester#a& it Has *er& col#%I am )ungr&% Can I )a*e a san#Hic)BI 'eel 'ine t)is morning $ut I Has *er& tire# last nig)t%8)ere Here &ou at ::o5cloc last ri#a& morningBFon5t $u& t)ose s)oes% T)e& are *er& e-pensi*e%

UT)is time last &ear I Has in Paris%8)ere are t)e c)il#renB I #on5t noH% T)e& Here in t)e gar#en ten minutes ago%

:

/2 8rite questions! 6se t)e Hor#s in $rac ets in t)e correct or#er Has an# Here%late ? &ou ? t)is morning? H)&B T)e tra''ic Has $a#%8)& Here &ou late t)is morningB#i''icult ? &our e-amB No it Has eas&%8as &our e-am #i''icultBlast Hee ? H)ere ? Ann an# C)risB T)e& Here on )oli#a&%8)ere Here Ann an# C)ris last Hee



B&our neH camera ? )oH muc)B U[7oH muc) Has &our neH cameraBangr& ? &ou ? &ester#a& ? H)&B /ecause &ou Here late%8)& Here &ou angr& &ester#a&Bnice ? t)e Heat)er ? last Hee B 1es it Has $eauti'ul%8as t)e Heat)er nice last Hee BSI#PLE PAST

A2 Complete t)e sentences! 6se one o' t)ese *er$s in t)e past simple!Clean #ie en3o& 'inis) )appen open rain start sta& Hant: 2 I cleane# m& teet) t)ree times &ester#a&%=2 It Has )ot in t)e room so I opene# t)e Hin#oH%>2 T)e concert starte# at %>U an# 'inis)e# at :U o5cloc %

2 8)en I Has a c)il# I Hante# to $e a #octor%Q2 T)e acci#ent )appene# last Sun#a& a'ternoon%

2 It5s a nice #a& to#a& $ut &ester#a& it raine# all #a&%

2 8e en3o&e# our )oli#a& last &ear% 8e sta&e# at a *er& nice place%

2 Ann5s gran#'at)er #ie# H)en )e Has U &ears ol#%/2 8rite /5s questions! 6se one o' t)ese *er$s in t)e past simple!

Arri*e cost go go to $e# late)a*e a nice time sta&Hin

:2 A2 8e Hent to NeH 1or last mont)%8)ere #i# &ou sta& B8it) some 'rien#s%=2 A2 I Has late t)is morning%/2 8)at time #i# &ou arri*e B

A2 7al' past nine%>2 A2 I pla&e# tennis t)is a'ternoon%/2 Fi# &ou Hin B

A2 No I lost%

2 A2 I )a# a nice )oli#a&%/2 Goo#% 8)ere#i# &ou go B

= A2 To t)e mountains%Q2 A2 8e came )ome $& ta-i%/2 7oH muc) #i# it cost B

A2 :U[



2 A2 I5m tire# t)is morning%/2 Fi# &ou go to $e# late B

A2 No $ut I #i#n5t sleep Hell%2 A2 8e Hent to t)e $eac) &ester#a&%

/2 Fi# &ou )a*e a nice time B A2 1es it Has great%

>VERB TENSESPAST CONTINUOUS

A2 Put t)e *er$ into t)e past continuous or past simple! A2 8)at 0&ou #o2 Here &ou #oing H)en t)e p)one 0ring2 rang B/2 I 0Hatc)2 Has Hatc)ing T@%

A2 8as Dane $us& H)en &ou Hent to see )erB/2 1es s)e 0stu#&2 Has stu#&ing A2 8)at time 0t)e post arri*e2#i# t)e post arri*e t)is morningB/2 It 0come2came H)ile I 0)a*e2 Has )a*ing $rea 'ast%

A2 7oH 'ast 0 &ou #ri*e2Here &ou #ri*ing H)en t)e police 0stop2 stoppe# &ou%/2 I #on5t noH e-actl& $ut I 0 not #ri*e 2Hasn5t #ri*ing *er& 'ast%

A2 0&ou see2 Fi# &ou see Denn& last nig)tB/21es s)e 0Hear2 Has Hearing a *er& nice 3ac et%/2 8rite complete sentences one o' t)e *er$ in past simple t)e ot)er one in pastcontinuous%I ? Hal ?)ome ? H)en ? it ? start ? to rainI Has Hal ing )ome H)en it starte# to rain%Cora ? rea# ? a letter? H)en ? Dimm& ? p)one ? )er Cora Has rea#ing a letter H)en Dimm& p)one# )er %

An#& ? come out ? o' t)e restaurant ? H)en ? )e ? see ? Denn& An#& Has coming out o' t)e restaurant H)en )e saH Denn&%

Cat)& ? p)one ? t)e post o''ice ? H)en t)e parcel ? arri*eCat)& Has p)oning t)e post o''ice H)en t)e parcel arri*e#%8)en Fon ? arri*e ? He ? )a*e ? co''ee8)en Fon arri*e# He Here )a*ing co''ee%8)ile )e ? Hal ? in t)e mountains ? 7enr& ? see ? a $ear 8)ile )e Has Hal ing in t)e mountains 7enr& saH a $ear T)e stu#ents ? pla& ? a game ? H)en ? t)e pro'essor ? arri*e



T)e stu#ents Here pla&ing a game H)en t)e pro'essor arri*e#%I ? Hal ? to t)e par ? H)en it ? start ? to snoHI Has Hal ing to t)e par H)en it starte# to snoH%

CO#PARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS A2 Put t)e 'olloHing a#3ecti*es in t)e comparati*e or superlati*e 'orm!T)e Heat)er to#a& is 0Harm 2 Harmer t)an &ester#a&%Do)n5s car Has 0 e-pensi*e2 more e-pensi*e t)an m& car%Sara) ist)e 0prett&2 prettiest girl I )a*e e*er met%T)ese e-ercises are 0#i''icult2more #i''icult t)an some o' t)e ot)ers%T)is $oo is 0goo#2 $etter t)an t)e last one He use#%Vate ist)e 0care'ul2 most care'ul stu#ent in t)e class%/ill is 0intelligent2 more intelligent t)an Doe%M& )ouse is 0$a#2 Horse t)an )is%Do)n5s car is 0com'orta$le2t)e most com'orta$le in toHn%De'' is 0unpleasant2 more unpleasant t)an m& $rot)er%/2 inis) t)e secon# sentence in suc) a Ha& t)at it means e-actl& t)e same as t)esentence printe# $e'ore it%

olloH t)e e-ample% Apples are more e-pensi*e t)an pears%Pears are c)eaper t)an apples%7is car isn5t as goo# as mine%M& car is $etter t)an )is car %Vatie sings $etter t)an Dane%Dane sings $etter t)an Dane%Dill is =Q &ears ol#% Gar& is =>%Dill is ol#er t)an Gar&%M& camera cost :UU[% 1our camera cost [%

M& camera is more e-pensi*e t)an &our camera%To#a& t)e temperature is := #egrees% 1ester#a& it Has :U%It5s )otter to#a& t)an &ester#a&%T)e 'ilm is > )ours $ut t)e *i#eo tape is onl& = )ours%T)e 'ilm is longer t)an t)e *i#eo tape%T)e Hater colour is Q[ an# t)e oil painting is :UU[%



T)e oil painting is more e-pensi*e t)an t)e Hater colour %T)e c)urc) Has $uilt in : an# t)e li$rar& is : =Q%T)e c)urc) is ol#er t)an t)e li$rar&%Tim is :% metres tall $ut 8en#& is :% metres%8en#& is taller t)an Tim%

QPREPOSITIONS (TI#E)

A2 Complete t)e 'olloHing sentences Hit) IN] ON] AT8e Hatc) T@ IN t)e e*ening%I onl& see m& parents

AT C)ristmas%I get up

AT o5cloc an# go to $e# AT mi#nig)t%I 'inis) Hor earl& ON ri#a&%8e go to Paris IN autumn%

IN t)e morning s)e goes to Hor $& $us%

ON Sun#a&s t)ere are tHo 'lig)ts 'rom Lon#on to Ma#ri#% T)e& are AT % Q INt)e morning an#

AT=U%>U IN t)e e*ening%

8)at #o &ou #o AT t)e Hee en#sBM& gran#'at)er Has $orn IN t)e :t) centur&%PREPOSITIONS ( PLACE)

A2NoH 'ill in t)e gaps Hit) IN] ON] AT7a*e &ou got an electric $lan et ON &our $e#B I5*e onl& got a )ot Hater $ottle IN mine%In summer t)ere are alHa&s 'lies ON t)e itc)en ceiling%S)e spent t)e #a& sun$at)ing

AT t)e sHimming pool%Scott 'oun# s NorHegian 'lag ON t)e Sout) Pole%T)ere are t)ousan#s o' 'is) IN t)e la e%T)ere5s a policeman stan#ing

AT t)e corner%1ou )a*e to get o''

AT t)e ne-t stop%T)e co''eepot is ON t)e ta$le%T)ere aren5t enoug) c)airs



IN t)e #ining room%T)ere are pleasure steamers ON t)e la e%

E-PRESIÓN DE CANTIDAD A2 Put in SOME or AN1!I $oug)t some c)eese $ut I #i#n5t $u& an& $rea#%I5m going to t)e post o''ice% I nee# some stamps%T)ere aren5t an& s)ops in t)is part o' toHn%George an# Alice )a*en5t got an& c)il#ren%7a*e &ou got an& $rot)ers o' sistersBT)ere are some $eauti'ul 'loHers in t)e gar#en%8oul# &ou li e some teaB 1es please%Fon5t $u&an& rice% 8e #on5t nee# an&I Hent out to $u& some mil $ut t)e& #i#n5t )a*e an& in t)e s)op%I5m t)irst&% Can I )a*e some Hater pleaseB/2 Put M6C7 or MAN1 in t)e spaces!T)ere is some 'oo# $ut not muc) #rin %T)ere Hasn5t muc) rain last mont)%Foes t)e teac)er spea man& languagesBI #on5t put muc) sugar in m& tea%

A poor Homan can5t $u& man& #resses%T)at ol# man )asn5t got muc) )air%I can5t see man& $ir#s on t)e trees%M& mot)er #i#n5t $u&

man& eggs%T)ere isn5t muc) mil in t)is $ottle%Fi# &ou learn man& Englis) Hor#s last &earBC2 Put A LITTLE or A E8 in t)e spaces!Coul# &ou possi$le len# me a 'eH potatoes until tomorroHB7a*e &ou got



a 'eH minutesB I5# li e to tal to &ou%I nee# a little mone&% Can &ou )elp meBI5m going to rance 'or a 'eH #a&s ne-t Hee %

A 'eH people arri*e# $e'ore t)e part& starte# $ut not man&%8e onl& )a*e a little petrol le't%Can I as &ou a 'eH questionsBT)e $an onl& lent me a little mone&%Onl& a 'eH stu#ents are going to 'ail t)e e-am%I alHa&s put a little mil in m& tea%

VERB TENSESPRESENT PER"ECT A2 Complete t)e sentences Hit) a *er$ 'rom t)e list% 6se t)e present per'ect 0 )a*e ? )as t)e past participle o' t)e *er$2

/rea $u& 'inis) #o go go lose paint rea# ta e )as $ro en t)e Hin#oH%

1our )ouse loo s #i''erent% 7a*e &ou painte# itBI can5t 'in# m& um$rella% Some$o#& )as ta en it%I5m loo ing 'or Sara)% 8)ere )as s)e gone BFo &ou Hant t)e neHspaperB No t)an s I )a*e rea# it%/2 Complete t)e e-ercise Hit) OR or SINCE!S)e )as $een in Lon#on SINCE Mon#a&%S)e )as $een in Lon#on

OR #a&s%Mi e )as $een ill

OR a long time% 7e )as $een in )ospital SINCE Octo$er%M& aunt )as li*e# in Australia

OR :Q &ears%No$o#& li*es in t)at )ouse% It )as $een empt&

OR &ears%Mrs 7arris is in )er o''ice% S)e )as $een t)ere SINCE o5cloc %In#ia )as $een an in#epen#ent countr& SINCE : %T)e $us is late% 8e )a*e $een Haiting



OR =U minutes%

PRESENT PER"ECT OR SI#PLE PAST A2 Present per'ect or simple pastB Pa& special attention to e-pressions o' time suc) as &ester#a& e*er\ t)e& Hill gi*e &ou t)e clue to noH t)etense &ou )a*e to use%:2 M& 'rien# is a Hriter% 7e 0Hrite2)as Hritten man& $oo s%=2 8e 0not )a*e2 #i#n5t )a*e a )oli#a& last &ear%>2 I 0pla&2

pla&e# tennis &ester#a& a'ternoon%2 8)at time 0 &ou go2

#i# &ou go to $e# last nig)tBQ2 0&ou e*er meet2 7a*e &ou e*er met a 'amous personB

2 T)e Heat)er 0 not $e2Hasn5t *er& goo# &ester#a&%

2 M& )air is Het% I 0 3ust Has)2 )a*e 3ust Has)e# it%2 I 0Has)2

Has)e# m& )air $e'ore $rea 'ast )is morning%2 Vat)& tra*els a lot% S)e 0*isit2

)as *isite# man& countries%:U2 Is Sonia )ereB No s)e 0 not come 2)as not come &et%::2 0&ou e*er $e2 7a*e &ou e*er $een to lori#aB 1es He 0 go2Hent

t)ere on )oli#a& tHo &ears ago

:=2 8)ere is AlanB 0&ou see )im2 7a*e &ou seen )im B1es )e 0 go2Hent

out a 'eH minutes ago%/2 Complete t)ese sentences putting one *er$ into t)e past per'ect an# t)eot)er one into t)e simple past!8)en t)e police 0arri*e2arri*e# t)e car 0go2 )a# gone8)en I 0get2got to t)e s)op it 0close2 )a# close#T)e& 0eat2 )a# eaten e*er&t)ing H)en I 0arri*e2 arri*e# at t)e part&%

I 0tr&2trie# telep)oning )er se*eral times $ut s)e 0lea*e2 )a# le't t)e countr&8)en I 0'in#2'oun# m& purse someone 0ta e2 )as ta en t)e mone& out o' it%T)e car 0go2)a# gone H)en I 0loo 2 loo e# into t)e street%C2 Present per'ect or past per'ectBIt isn5t raining noH% It 0stop2)as stoppe#



8e )a# no car at t)at time% 8e 0sell2 )a# sol# our ol# one%T)e square loo e# aH'ul% People 0lea*e2)a# le't litter e*er&H)ere%1ou can )a*e t)at neHspaper% I 0'inis)2)a*e 'inis)e# Hit) it%T)ere5s no more c)eese% 8e 0eat2)a*e eaten it all%T)ere Has no sign o' a ta-i alt)oug) I 0or#er2)a# or#ere# one )al' an )our $e'ore%T)is $ill isn5t rig)t% T)e& 0ma e2)a*e ma#e a mista e%I spo e to Melanie at lunc) time% Someone 0tell2)a# tol# )er t)e neHs earlier%I Has reall& tire# last nig)t% I 0)a*e2)a# )a# a )ar# #a&%It5ll get Harmer in )ere% I 0turn2)a*e turne# t)e )eating on%

VERB TENSES"UTURE

A2 ill in t)e $lan s Hit) 8ill uture or To $e going to!:2 I )a*en5t got an& mone&%8ell #on5t Horr& 0I ?len#2I Hill len# &ou some%=2 8)& are &ou 'illing t)at $uc et Hit) HaterB0I ? Has)2 I am going to Has) t)e car%>2 T)e ceiling in t)is room #oesn5t loo *er& sa'e%No it loo s as i' 0 it ? 'all 2 it is going to 'all #oHn%2 I )a*e a )ea#ac)e%8ait t)ere an# 0I ? get2 I Hill get an aspirin%Q2 1ou )a*e a tic et 'or t)e pla&%1es 0 I ? see2 I am going to see it on ri#a&%

2 T)e p)one is ringing%OV 0 I ? ansHer2 I Hill ansHer it%

2 Fi# &ou $u& t)is $oo BNo Nanc& #i# it% 0S)e ? rea#2

S)e is going to rea# it on )oli#a&%2 Tea o' co''eeB0I ?)a*e2 I Hill )a*e co''ee please%

2 I )a*e #eci#e# to repaint t)is room%8)at colour 0&ou ? paint2 are &ou going to paint it B:U2 I #on5t noH )oH to use t)is camera%It5s quite eas&% 0 I ?s)oH2



I Hill s)oH &ou%/2 Put t)e *er$s in $rac ets into t)e correct tense! 1ou )a*e to use all tenses learne# until noH 0simplepresent present continuous simple past past continuous present per'ect past per'ectan# 'uture2:2Stella usuall& 0sta&2sta&s in a )otel H)en s)e 0come2 comes to Lon#on $ut to#a& 0sta&2 s)e is sta&ingHit) us%=2M& gran#'at)er 0#ie2#ie# man& &ears 0'or?ago?since2 ago H)en I 0$e2 Has a little girl%>2 1ester#a& H)en I 0Hal 2Has Hal ing #oHn Regent Street I 0$ump2 $umpe# into a strange loo ing man%

2I usuall& 0#o2#o m& )omeHor on Satur#a& $ut I 0#o2 am #oing m& )omeHor to#a& $ecause ne-tSatur#a& He 0go2are going out%Q28)& is )e putting t)e camera on a tripo#B 7e 0ta e2is going to ta e a group p)oto%

2 I 0li*e2li*e# t)ere 0'or?since2 'or se*eral mont)s an# t)en I Hent a$roa#%2 Loo T)e train 0come2

is coming % 7urr& up I 0not Hant2 #on5t Hantto miss it%:2 8)en Paul 'inis)e# )is e-am )e 0reali+e2

reali+e# )e 0ma e2 )a# ma#e important mista es%28)at 0&our Hi'e #o2

#oes &our Hi'e #oB S)e is a teac)er $ut s)e 0not Hor 2 is not Hor ing at t)e moment%:U2T)e c)il#ren 0'inis)2'inis)e# t)eir #inner an )our ago an# t)eir mot)er 0Has) up2 is Has)ing up noH%::2 As I 0Hal 2

Has Hal ing )ome &ester#a& I 0meet2 met a 'oreigner H)o 0as 2 as e# me t)e Ha& to t)estation%:=2 7e 0Hor 2is Hor ing at present in an o''ice%:>27e 0start2starte# Hor last C)ristmas%: 2 I 0not see2)a*e not seen t)e aut)or o' t)at $oo 0'or?since?ago2 since He 0meet2 met in NeH 1or tHo&ears ago%:Q2 8)en )e arri*e# t)e concert0alrea#&?3ust?&et2 0$egin2)a# alrea#& $egun an# )e 0not alloH2 Hasn5talloHe#

to go in% 7e 0$e2 Has *er& #isappointe# to learn )e 0miss2 )a# misse# )is 'a*ourite piece%: 28)en )e Has a #iplomat )e 0*isit2*isite#man& countries%: 2Mr /&rne 0go2Hent to Spain last &ear an# I 0not see2 )a*e not seen )im 0'or?since?ago2 since t)en%: 28)en I Has at sc)ool I 0spea 2spo e 'our languages%: 2 8)en He 0get2got to t)e airport Dac 0#isco*er2 #isco*ere# to )is )orror t)at )e 0lea*e2 )a# le't )is



passport $e)in#%=U2Dane 0not #rin 2#oesn5t #rin tea *er& o'ten%=:2 I 0Hor 2)a*e Hor e# )ere 0'or?since2 'or se*en &ears $ut it5s time to lea*e noH%==2Loo out 8e 0cras)2are going to cras)%=>201ou go out2Fi# &ou go out &ester#a&B= 2 8)at time 0 t)e $an s close2#o t)e $an s close in Englan#B=Q2I )a*e some $lue *el*et an# I 0ma e2am going to ma e some curtains 'or t)is room%= 2 I )a*e a car $ut I 0not use2#on5t use it *er& o'ten%

=RELATIVE CLAUSES

A2 Complete t)e 'olloHing sentences Hit) a relati*e pronoun!7ere is t)e me#icine H)ic) ma es &ou goo#%T)e ol# man in a H)eel c)airH)o is tal ing to t)e )ospital matron Has once a great surgeon%T)e gate H)ic) &ou came t)roug) must $e ept s)ut%T)e American am$assa#or H)o &ou Here spea ing to a moment ago Hill $e returning )ome soon%8)at is t)e name o' t)e man H)ose car &ou $orroHe#B

A cemeter& is a place H)ere people is $urie#%

A paci'ist is a person H)o $elie*es t)at all Hars are Hrong%T)is sc)ool is onl& 'or c)il#ren H)ose 'irst language is not Englis)%S)e is t)e girl H)o rang &ester#a&%Do)n is t)e $o& H)ose 'at)er is a teac)er%1es t)at is t)e man H)o too m& $ag%I Hant to tal to t)e stu#entsH)ose names I call out%

T)at man is t)e one H)o $oug)t t)e )ouse%1ou alHa&s as questionsH)ic) are *er& #i''icult to ansHer%8)& #oes )e alHa&s Hear clot)es H)ic) are too small 'or )imB/2 Gi*e some a##itional in'ormation Hit) a relati*e pronoun in t)e 'olloHing sentences!8im$le#on H)ic) is a $eauti'ul toHn is in Sout) Lon#on%



7e is )oping to $e c)osen 'or t)e ne-t Ol&mpic GamesH)ic) Hill ta e place in DapanT)e prime minister H)o is a *er& attracti*e man Hill 'ace an election soon%E*er& sc)oolc)il# )as )ear# o' Colum$usH)o #isco*ere# AmericaMount E*erest H)ic) is in Nepal is t)e )ig)est mountain in t)e Horl#%

>PASSIVE VOICE

A2 C)ange t)e 'olloHing sentences into t)e passi*e *oice!T)e& )a*e arreste# t)e t)ie'%T)e t)ie' )as $een arreste#%

An unemplo&e# la$ourer Has repairing m& roo'%M& roo' Has $eing repaire# $& an unemplo&e# la$ourer %T)e prime minister is ma ing a speec)%

A speec) is $eing ma#e $& t)e prime minister% A greengrocer sells potatoes%Potatoes are sol# $& a greengrocer%M& lan#la#& #oes m& Has)ing up%M& Has)ing up is #one $& m& lan#la#&%T)e& close# t)e s)op at one o5cloc %T)e s)op Has close# at one o5cloc%

A policeman is using t)e telep)one%T)e telep)one is $eing use# $& a policeman%

A 'ourteen &ears ol# $o& Has #ri*ing t)e car%T)e car Has $eing #ri*en $& a 'ourteen &ears ol# $o&T)e& )a# #ecorate# t)e )ouse%T)e )ouse )a# $een #ecorate#%Teenagers $u& a lot o' pop recor#s%

A lot o' pop recor#s are $oug)t $& teenagers%

Arc)itects #esign $uil#ings%/uil#ings are #esigne# $& arc)itects%

A )at s)a#es )is e&es%7is e&es are s)a#e# $& a )at%T)e& )a*e ma#e mista es%

Mista es )a*e $een ma#e%T)e& recor#e# t)e $roa#cast speec)%T)e $roa#cast speec) Has recor#e#%Some o' t)e Hor ers )a*e organi+e# an uno''icial stri e%

An uno''icial stri e )as $een organi+e# $& some o' t)e Hor ers%Some aut)ors Hill 3u#ge t)e literar& competition%T)e literar& competition Hill $e 3u#ge# $& some aut)ors%

8e are preparing t)e room%



T)e room is $eing prepare#% A 3ournalist is rea#ing t)e letter%T)e letter is $eing rea#%7orses pull carts%Carts are pulle# $& )orses%T)e& Here #rin ing co''ee%Co''ee Has $eing #run %/2 Complete t)e sentences using Hor#s 'rom eac) $o-! 6se passi*e *oice/uil# Paint Fesign 8rite Name In*ent Fisco*er Eric t)e Re#Marconi T)e Ancient Eg&ptians Picasso Ei''elGeorge OrHell Cric 8atsonGreenlan# Hasname# $& Eric t)e Re#%

Animal armHas Hritten $& George OrHell%T)e P&rami#sHere $uilt $& T)e Ancient Eg&ptians%T)e HirelessHas in*ente# $& Marconi%GuernicaHas painte# $& Picasso%T)e Statue o' Li$ert&Has #esigne# $& Ei''el%T)e structure o' FNAHas #isco*ere# $& Cric an# 8atson%REPORTED SPEECH

A2 C)ange t)e 'olloHing sentences into reporte# speec)!I nee# )elp #esperatel& )e sai#%7e sai# )e nee#e# )elp #esperatel&%I #on5t nee# &our )elp to#a& $ut I Hill $e $us& tomorroH sai# Peter%Peter sai# )e #i#n5t nee# m& )elp t)at #a& $ut )e Houl# $e $us& t)e 'olloHing #a&%M& car )as $een stolen )e sai# I Hill )a*e to as &ou a 'eH questions%7e sai# )is car )a# $een stolen so )e Houl# )a*e to as me a 'eH questions%I can5t li*e on m& $asic salar& sai# Peter I Hill )a*e to o''er to #o o*ertime%Peter sai# )e coul#n5t li*e on )is $asic salar& )e Houl# )a*e to o''er to #o o*ertime%M& &oung $rot)er Hants to $e a ta- inspector sai# Mar& I can5t t)in H)& none o' m&'amil& )as e*er $een ata- inspector%Mar& sai# )er &oung $rot)er Hante# to $e a ta- inspector s)e coul#n5t t)ing H)& $ecausenone o' )er 'amil& )a# e*er $een a ta- inspector%

Q

/2 Last Hee &ou )a# lunc) Hit) Rac)el a 'rien# &ou )a#n5t seen 'or a long time% Loo att)e t)ings s)e sai# to&ou t)en tell anot)er 'rien# H)at s)e sai#% 6se reporte# speec)%I5m going to Hor in Spain ne-t &ear%I Hor 'or a small pu$lis)ing compan&%I5m t)eir mar eting manager%T)e compan& )as opene# an o''ice in /arcelona%It5s $een *er& success'ul%I5*e $een c)osen to run a neH o''ice in Ma#ri#%



I5m stu#&ing Spanis) in t)e e*enings%I #on5t )a*e muc) time to en3o& m&sel'%I )a*en5t )a# lunc) Hit) 'rien#s 'or ages%I )ope m& 'rien#s Hill come an# *isit me in Ma#ri#%I Hent t)ere last Hee Hit) m& secretar&%8e #i#n5t )a*e muc) time 'or sig)tseeing%I )a*e to get $ac to Hor noH%Rac)el sai#\\S)e Has going to Hor in Spain t)e 'olloHing &ear%S)e Hor e# 'or a small pu$lis)ing compan&%S)e Has t)eir mar eting manager%T)e compan& )a# opene# an o''ice in /arcelona%It )a# $een *er& success'ul%S)e )a# $een c)osen to run a neH o''ice in Ma#ri#%S)e Has stu#&ing Spanis) in t)e e*enings%S)e #i#n5t )a*e muc) time to en3o& )ersel'%S)e )a# not )a# lunc) Hit) 'rien#s 'or ages%S)e )ope# )er 'rien#s Houl# come an# *isit )er in Ma#ri#%S)e )a# $een t)ere t)e Hee $e'ore Hit) )er secretar&%T)e )a# not )a# muc) time 'or sig)tseeing%S)e )a# to get $ac to Hor t)en%

C2 Put t)e 'olloHing questions into t)e reporte# speec)!8)o )as $een using m& t&peHriterB M& mot)er as e#M& mot)er as e# H)o )a# $een using )er t&peHriter%Fo &ou Hant to see t)e cat)e#ralB T)e gui#e as e#T)e gui#e as e# i' I Hante# to see t)e cat)e#ral%Fi# &ou sleep HellB M& )ostess as e#M& )ostess as e# me I )a# slept Hell%7a*e &ou $een )ere longB T)e ot)er stu#ents as e# )im

T)e ot)er stu#ents as e# )im i' )e )a# $een t)ere long%7oH long )a*e &ou $een learning Englis)B Paul as e#%Paul as e# )im )oH long )e )a# $een learning Englis)%8)ere are &ou going 'or &our summer )oli#a&sB I as e#I as e# )im H)ere )e Has going 'or )is summer )oli#a&s%Fo &ou groH &our oHn *egeta$lesB M& 'rien# as e#%M& 'rien# as e# me i' I greH m& oHn *egeta$les%7oH man& sleeping pills )a*e &ou ta enB T)e nig)t sister as e#%T)e nig)t sister as e# me )oH man& sleeping pills I )a# ta en%F2 Put t)e 'olloHing sentences 0or#ers2 into t)e reporte# speec)!Fon5t put stic & t)ings in &our poc ets 7is mot)er or#ere# )im7is mot)er or#ere# )im not to put stic & t)ings in )is poc ets%

Fon5t #o an&t)ing #angerous 7is Hi'e tol# )im7is Hi'e tol# )im not to #o an&t)ing #angerous%Get into t)e rig)t lane T)e #ri*ing instructor or#ere# )er T)e #ri*ing instructor or#ere# )er to get into t)e rig)t lane%7ol# t)e la##er 7e tol# )im7e tol# )im to )ol# t)e la##er%Fon5t ta e more t)an tHo o' t)ese T)e #octor or#ere# meT)e #octor or#ere# me not to ta e more t)an tHo o' t)ose%

asten &our seat $elts T)e )ostess tol# us



T)e )ostess tol# us to 'asten our seat $elts%Fon5t #ri*e t)roug) 'og Hit) onl& a 'og lig)t on S)e or#ere# )imS)e or#ere# )im not to #ri*e troug) 'og Hit) onl& a 'og lig)t on%

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES A2 Put t)e *er$s in $rac ets into t)e correct tenses!I' &ou pass &our e-amination He 0)a*e2Hill )a*e a cele$ration%1ou Houl# pla& $etter $ri#ge i' &ou 0not tal 2#i#n5t tal so muc)%8)at 0)appen2Hill )appen i' I press t)is $uttonBI' &ou 0Hear2)a# Horn a 'alse $ear# no$o#& Houl# )a*e recogni+e# &ou%I' &ou go to Paris H)ere 0&ou ? sta&2Hill &ou sta& BI' t)e mil man 0come2 comes tell )im to lea*e tHo pints%Someone 0sit2 Hill sit on &our glasses i' &ou lea*e t)em t)ere%I' &ou 0rea#2)a# rea# t)e instructions care'ull& &ou Houl#n5t )a*e ansHere# t)e Hrongquestion%I' &ou s)a e t)at $ottle o' port it 0 not $e2Hon5t $e 'it to #rin %I' I )a# noHn t)at &ou coul#n5t eat octopus I 0not $u&2Houl#n5t )a*e $oug)t it%8)at 0I ? #o2Hill I #o i' I )ear t)e $urglar alarmBI 0$ring2Houl# )a*e $roug)t &ou some $eer i' I )a# noHn t)at &ou Here t)irst&%I' an&one attac e# me m& #og 03ump2 Houl# 3ump at )is t)roat%I' &ou )a# touc)e# t)at electric ca$le &ou 0$e2Houl# )a*e $een electrocute#%1ou 0not $e2Hon5t $e an& use to me i' &ou #on5t learn to t&pe%/2 inis) t)ese sentences ta ing care to use t)e correct tenses all o' t)em are con#itionalsentences!I' t)e *olcano starts eruptingman& people Hill #ie%

7e Houl# len# it to &ou i'&ou nee#e# it%I' &ou )a# as e# )im )is permission&ou Houl# )a*e gone to t)e part&%I' &ou trie# to clim$ Hit)out a gui#e&ou Houl#n5t 'in# t)e Ha&%I' t)e 'ire )a# $een notice# earliert)e 'iremen Houl# )a*e arri*e#%I' &ou lea*e t)e gate open



t)e cat Hill run aHa&%I' &ou )a# an& sense&ou Houl# stu#& more%I' I )a# )a# a carI Houl# )a*e *isite# &ou%1ou Hill )a*e to go to t)e #entisti' &ou eat so man& sHeets%I' Tom rings H)ile I am outtell )im to p)one me later%1ou Houl#n5t )a*e $een angr&i' &ou )a# tal e# to )im%I' &ou #i#n5t s)a e t)e camera t)e p)otograp)sHoul# $e $etter%I' &ou #on5t put enoug) stamps on a letter&our 'rien# Hon5t recei*e it%I' t)is )otel #oesn5t get anot)er cooI Hill ne*er eat t)ere again%7er li'e Houl# )a*e $een sa*e# i' t)e am$ulance )a# arri*e# earlier%

TE-TOS A2T)e Dac son 'amil& are on )oli#a& in Tur e&% T)e& are sta&ing at a $ig )otel in Istam$ul%Mar 0:>2 )is sister a&0:=2 an# t)eir parents li e Tur e&% It is $eauti'ul t)e Heat)er is )ot an# t)e 'oo# is goo#%To#a& t)e& are *isiting t)e cit&o' Tro&% T)e& are getting on a $us in 'ront o' t)eir )otel% T)ere are U people on t)e $us%T)e& come 'rom /ritain

America rance Ital& an# 7ollan#% AnsHer t)e 'olloHing questions on t)e te-t using &our oHn Hor#s! Fon5t repeat t)e te-t%7oH man& people are t)ere in t)e Dac son 'amil&BT)ere are 'our people in t)e Dac son 'amil&%In H)ic) Tur is) cit& are t)e& sta&ingBT)e& are in Istam$ul%7oH ol# are t)e c)il#renBMar is t)irteen &ears ol# an# a& is tHel*e%7oH man& people are t)ere in t)e $usBT)ere are 'ort& people in t)e $us%8)ere #o t)e people on t)e $us come 'romBT)e& come 'rom #i''erent countries /ritain America rance Ital& an# 7ollan#%/2 Fear Norma an# Eric

8e are in Ital&% 8e are *er& )app& )ere% T)e Heat)er is Hon#er'ul so He are at t)e $eac)all t)e time% T)e )otel is*er& $ig $ut it is not neH% People are *er& nice $o&s are *er& tall an# )an#some an# girlsare *er& prett& an# t)in%%See &ou soon% Lo*e% Peter an# Sara):2 8)ere are Peter an# Sara)BPeter an# Sara) are on )oli#a&s in Ital&%=2 Are t)e& sa#BNo t)e& aren5t% T)e& are *er& )app& t)e& are )a*ing a goo# time t)ere%



>2 8)at s t)e Heat)er li e in Ital&BItalian Heat)er is great%

2 Fescri$e t)e )otel% Is it small is it ol#BIt is an ol# )otel $ut it isn5t a small )otel%

UC2/at) is a *er& ol# cit& in Englan#% It )as a $eauti'ul A$$e&% A lot o' people *isit t)e cit& an#in t)e summer t)ere arealHa&s croH#s so tourists in t)e streets% Pete an# Carla are stu#ents at /at) uni*ersit&%Carla li es to Hal in t)e little$ac streets% It is quiet )ere $ut Pete an# Carla can )ear music% _Loo ` sa&s Pete% `T)atman is pla&ing t)e 'lute%Let5sgo an# listen` Pete an# Carla listen to t)e 'lute pla&er% T)e tune isGreensle*es an# Carla sings it Hit) )im%

AnsHer t)e questions accor#ing to t)e te-t! Are Pete an# Carla!a2 s)op eepers$2 stu#ents c2 touristsBIs /at) A$$&!a2 a c)urc)$2 t)e name o' a streetc2 t)e name o' a ca'éB8)at isGreensle*esBIt is a tune%T)is stor& ta es place in /at)% 7ere are anagrams o' 'our ot)er /ritis) cities% T)e& all$egin Hit) letter

/% 8)at are t)e&BRTI/G7NO INAI7RMG/M RTI/SLO 6TM/RO7ONEN/RIG7TON /IRMING7AM /RISTOL /O6RNEMO6T7F2I )a*e a 'rien# in Englan#% 7is name is Ven Ro$erts% I noH )im *er& Hell% 8e o'ten Hriteto eac) ot)er% M& lettersare *er& s)ort% It is still *er& )ar# to Hrite in Englis)% I recei*e# a letter 'rom Ven &ester#a&%It ma#e me *er& )app&% 7eis coming to m& countr& 'or a )oli#a& ne-t &ear% 8e are going to see eac) ot)er 'or t)e 'irsttime%

AnsHer t)ese questions% 1our ansHers must not $e more t)an Q= Hor#s%8)ere #oes &our 'rien# Ven Ro$erts li*eB

Ven Ro$erts li*es in Englan#%8)at #o &ou $ot) o'ten #oB8e Hrite eac) ot)er %

Are &our letters s)ort or longBM& letter are not too long%Is it )ar# 'or &ou to Hrite in Englis) or is it eas&B



It is not eas& 'or me to Hrite in Englis)%8)at Hill Ven #o ne-t &earB7e Hill come to *isit me in Spain 'or )is )oli#a&s%8ill &ou see eac) ot)er 'or t)e 'irst time or notB1es He Hill see eac) ot)er 'or t)e 'irst time I )a*e not seen )im $e'ore%:E2Our summer )oli#a&s last > mont)s% Furing t)e last Hee o' t)e )oli#a&s He get rea#& 'orsc)ool% 8e $u& pencilspens paper an# neH $oo s% On t)e 'irst #a& o' sc)ool He see all our 'rien#s again an# Hetell t)em a$out t)e)oli#a&s% A'ter t)at He get into class% It is so )ar# to eep quiet an# pa& attention to ourteac)er% 7e alHa&s sa&sHit) a laug)%_1ou 'orget more in t)ree mont)s t)an &ou learn in a &ear`%1our ansHers must not $e more t)an QQ Hor#s!7oH long #o our summer )oli#a&s lastBOur summer )oli#a&s last t)ree mont)s%8)en #o He prepare 'or sc)oolB8e prepare 'or sc)ool one Hee $e'ore starting sc)ool%8)om #o He see on t)e 'irst #a&B8e meet all t)e stu#ents on t)e 'irst #a&%8)at #o He tell t)emB8e tell t)em a$out our )oli#a&s%8)ere #o He go t)enB8e go into class

%8)at #oes our teac)er alHa&s sa&B7e alHa&s sa&s t)at He 'orget e*er&t)ing #uring our )oli#a&s%

2It is *er& )ot in t)e summer an# in t)e e*enings no$o#& li es sta&ing at )ome% People Halin t)e streets or sit in t)eopen% 8e )a*e a special summer cinema an# m& 'rien#s an# I o'ten go t)ere% T)ere aretall trees all roun# an# it is*er& cool% Sometimes t)e 'ilms are not *er& goo# $ut He #o not min#% T)e stars s)ine in aclear s & an# t)ere iso'ten a large $rig)t moon% 8e can 'orget t)e 'ilm an# en3o& a pleasant e*ening%

1our ansHers must not $e more t)an Hor#s!:2 Is it )ot in t)e summer or is it col#BIt is *er& )ot in t)e summer %=2 Fo people li e to go out in t)e e*ening or #o t)e& li e to sta& at)omeBPeople usuall& li e going out in t)e e*enings%>2 8)ere #o &our 'rien#s an# &ou o'ten goB



8e o'ten go to t)e summer cinema%2 Is it Harm t)ere or is it coolB

It is *er& cool t)ere $ecause t)ere are trees all aroun# it%Q2 Fo &ou sometimes see $a# 'ilms or #o &ou alHa&s see goo# 'ilmsBSometimes 'ilms are not *er& goo#%2Fo &ou min# a$out t)is or notB8e #on5t min# a$out seeing $a# 'ilms%

2Fo &ou alHa&s en3o& a pleasant e*ening or notB1es He en3o& pleasant e*enings e*er& time He go%

=G2It5s Danuar& :Ut)% To#a& Dane is se*enteen &ears o' age% S)e5s Hearing a prett& neH#ress% It5s $lue an# H)ite% Daneis )a*ing a part& to#a& an# s)e5s e-pecting all )er 'rien#s to come% T)e& are going toarri*e in a s)ort time% T)e& aregoing to $ring man& $eauti'ul presents Hit) t)em% Dane5s mot)er )as prepare# a lot o' nicet)ings to eat an# #rin %T)e &oung people are going to pla& games sing #ance an# listen to music% T)e& Hill )a*ea Hon#er'ul time toget)er%

AnsHer t)e 'olloHing questions% 1our ansHers must not $e more t)an Q: Hor#s!8)at is t)e #ate to#a&BIt is Danuar& :Ut)%8)ose $irt)#a& is itBIt is Dane5s $irt)#a&%7oH ol# is s)eB

Dane is se*enteen to#a&%Is Dane Hearing a neH #ress or is it Hearing an ol# oneBDane is Hearing a neH prett& #ress%Is s)e )a*ing a part& or notBS)e is )a*ing a $irt)#a& part&%8)en Hill )er 'rien#s arri*eBDane5s 'rien#s Hill arri*e *er& soon%8)at are t)e &oung people going to #o at t)e part&BE*er&$o#& is going to pla& #ance sing an# listen to music t)e& are going to )a*e a goo#time%

72Mr an# Mrs Simms go to t)e mar et on Satur#a& mornings% Mr Simms ne*er en3o&s t)ese*isits% Mrs Simms goess)opping an# )e sits on a $o- an# Haits 'or )er% T)is morning t)ere Has more noise t)anusual an# e*er&one Has in a)urr&% Mrs Simms $oug)t some meat 'is) 'ruit an# *egeta$les% An )our passe# an# t)ena man came up to Mr Simms% E-cuse me )e sai# is &our name SimmsB 1our Hi'e )as 'inis)e# s)opping noH$ut t)e $ags are *er&



)ea*&% S)e Hants &ou to carr& t)em )ome 'or )er%1our ansHers must not $e more t)en Q Hor#s!8)ere #o Mr an# Mrs Simms go e*er& Satur#a& morningBMr an# Mrs Simms go to t)e mar et e*er& Satur#a& morning%Foes Mr Simms en3o& it or notBMr Simms #oesn5t li e going to t)e mar et at all%Fi# )is Hi'e $u& man& #i''erent t)ings t)is morning or #i# s)e $u& onl& a 'eH t)ingsBMrs Simms $oug)t man& t)ings t)is morning meat 'is) 'ruit an# *egeta$les%7oH long #i# )er )us$an# HaitBMr Simms Haite# 'or one )our %8)at #i# Mrs Simms Hant )er )us$an# to #o in t)e en#BMrs Simms Hante# )er )us$an# to )elp )er Hit) t)e $ags%

>I2I Hor e# as a postman 'or a s)ort time% /ut I am a'rai# o' #ogs an# I)a*e a lot o' trou$le% One #a& I trie# to #eli*er a postcar# to a $ig )ouse%I got o'' m& $ic&cle an# at once a large #og ran toHar#s t)e gate% It ma#ea lot o' noise an# in t)e en# I #roppe# t)e car# in t)e gar#en% T)e #ogpic e# it up imme#iatel& an# carrie# it into t)e )ouse% T)e #og Has a$etter postman t)an I Has%1our ansHers must not $e more t)an Q Hor#s!Fi# I Hor as a postman 'or a long time or 'or a s)ort timeBI Has a postman 'or a *er& s)ort time%Fi# I 'in# t)e Hor eas& or #i# I 'in# it #i''icultB8or ing as a postman Has sometimes a $it #i''icult%Fo I li e #ogs or am I a'rai# o' t)emBI #on5t li e #ogs $ecause I am a'rai# o' t)em%

8)ere #i# I )a*e to #eli*er a postcar# one #a&BI )a# to #eli*er a postcar# to a *er& $ig )ouse%8oul# t)e #og at t)e )ouse let me go t)roug) t)e gate or notBT)ere Has a $ig #og H)ic) #i#n5t let me go into t)e )ouse%8)ere #i# I t)roH t)e car#BI t)reH t)e car# into t)e gar#en%8)ere #i# t)e #og ta e itBT)e #og too t)e car# into t)e )ouse% It Has a *er& goo# postman%D2T)e c)il#ren ne-t #oor o'ten pla& 'oot$all in t)e gar#en an# sometimes $rea m& Hin#oHs%Last Satur#a& a'ternoonI sta&e# at )ome an# rea# a $oo % A'ter a H)ile I close# m& e&es an# Hent to sleep% A

soun# at t)e #oor ma#e me getup quic l&% Soon a little $o& appeare#%_Not one o' m& Hin#oHs again`B I as e#O) no AnsHere# t)e $o&% _1our Hin#oH Has open t)is time an# our $all is in &our$e#room% Ma& He get in pleaseB1our ansHers must not $e more t)an QU Hor#s!8)ere #o t)e c)il#ren ne-t #oor o'ten pla& 'oot$allBT)e c)il#ren ne-t #oor o'ten pla& in t)e gar#en%8)at #o t)e& sometimes $rea B



T)e& sometimes $rea m& Hin#oHs Hit) t)eir $all%8)ere #i# I spen# t)e a'ternoon last Satur#a&BI Has at )ome rea#ing a $oo%8)o came to t)e #oorBOne o' t)e $o&s ne-t #oor noc e# on m& #oor %8)at #i# )e Hant to #oB7e Hante# to reco*er )is $all%

8)ere Has itB7is $all Has )is $all%Fi# )e $rea m& Hin#oH or notBNo )e #i#n5t $rea m& Hin#oH $ecause it Has open%8as it open or Has it s)utB

ortunatel& t)e Hin#oH Has open t)is time%V2Lacoc near C)ippen)am in t)e count& o' 8ilts)ire is a $eauti'ul little *illage Hit) apopulation o' =UU% 8illiam7enr& o- Tal$ot t)e p)otograp)ic pioneer ma#e t)e 'irst paper negati*e a p)otograp)o' a Hin#oH in Lacoc A$$e&in : >Q%/etHeen QQUUU an# UUUU people *isit t)e A$$e& e*er& &ear% Fa*i# an# Vat)leen AllanoHn a 'oo# store an# t)epost o''ice in Lacoc % Mr Allan sa&s )e )as no pro$lems Hit) tourists $ut some o' t)ein)a$itants are tire# o' tourists\\\%%

AnsHer t)ese questions!

8)at is t)e *illage 'amous 'orBLacoc is 'amous $ecause 8illiam 7enr& o- Tal$ot ma#e t)e 'irst paper negati*e t)ere%8)& #o tourists Hant to *isit itBTourists *isit t)e A$$e& an# t)e 'amous Hin#oH%8)o Has 8illiam 7enr& o- Tal$otB7e Has a p)otograp) a p)otograp)ic pioneer%7oH man& people *isit t)e A$$e& e*er& &earB/etHeen QQUUU an# UUUU *isit t)e A$$e& e*er& &ear %8)o are t)e oHners o' t)e post o''ice in Lacoc BFa*i# an# Vat)leen Allan are t)e oHners o' t)e post o''ice

%Fo people in Lacoc li e touristsBSome o' t)e people in Lacoc are a $it 'e# up o' so man& tourists%L2 7O8BT)e& Here all t)ere% T)e sons t)e #aug)ters t)e Hi*es t)e c)il#ren e*en little 'our &earol# An#reH% T)e& $ecamequiet H)en ol# la#& /oon stoo# up at t)e en# o' t)e great room% _T)an &ou all 'or coming`s)e sai#% _E*er& &ear t)ere



are more o' &ou X Hi*es c)il#ren% E*er& &ear on t)is #a& He remem$er m& poor #ear SirGeorge% People o'ten as _7oH #i# Sir George $ecome Comman#er in C)ie' o' all our 'ig)ting menB An# e*er& &ear'or t)e neH ones I tell&ou t)is stor&% _8)en Sir George came $ac 'rom t)e Har t)e Ving )imsel' sent 'or )im%_Sir George sai# t)e ing% _1ou )a*e lost an arm t)an goo# arm Has s)ot aHa& in t)e Har% 1ou ga*e t)at arm 'or &our countr&% I noH gi*e &ou m&oHn H)ite )orse% rom t)is #a& it is &ours`% T)e people H)o )ear# La#& /oon Here )app&at t)e t)oug)t% our &ear ol# An#reH pulle# at t)e coat o' a man near )im% _7as s)e 'inis)e#BSssssssss))))))) sai# t)e man% _/ut t)atis not all` La#& /oon $egan again% Sir George sai# to t)e ing% _T)e ing5s oHn )orse 'orone arm An# 'or tHoarmsB` T)e ing sai#% _ or tHo lost arms I must ma e &ou Comman#er in C)ie' o' all m&'ig)ting men`% An# at onceSir George s)ot o'' )is ot)er arm` A little cr& Hent up 'rom t)e people in t)e room% T)e ing remem$ere# )isHor#s% At once Sir GeorgeQ$ecame Comman#er in C)ie' o' all our 'ig)ting men% A great man% Let5s us #rin as Heremem$er Sir George /oon% T)epeople in t)e room #ran 'rom t)eir large glasses an# laug)e# an# tal e# again%Little An#reH Hent up to La#& /oon an# as e#% Is it trueB Fi# Sir George s)oot o'' )isot)er arm in 'ront o' t)e ingB_1es` s)e sai#% An# Little An#reH sai#! 7oHB

AnsHer t)e 'olloHing questions!8)o Has Sir George5s Hi'eBLa#& /oon Has Sir George5s Hi'e%

8)o Has Sir GeorgeBSir George Has Comman#er in C)ie' o' all t)e ing5s 'ig)ting men%8)o ga*e )im a H)ite )orseBT)e ing ga*e Sir George a H)ite )orse H)en )e lost one o' )is arms%8)o Has in t)e great roomBE*er&$o#& Has t)ere Hi*es sons an# #aug)ters%8)o #i#n5t $elie*e t)e stor& a$out Sir GeorgeBLittle An#reH #i#n5t $elie*e Sir George5s stor&%

M2 T7E MISTER1 O T7E LOC7 NESS MONSTER%T)e Loc) Ness Monster A 'amous monster A 'amous m&ster& 1es t)e Loc) NessMonster is a m&ster&% 8)at is amonsterB It5s a $ig animal or a $ig 'is) It5s $ig an# it5s strange%8)at is a loc)B It5s a strange Hor#% It is a Scottis) Hor#% Englis) people sa& la e% A loc) isa in# o' la e in Scotlan# ala e $etHeen loH )ills% Loc) Ness is not t)e onl& loc) in Scotlan# $ut it is a 'amous loc)%Loc) Ness is an ol# la e% Ol#B 1es =QUUU &ears% It5s also a long la e% It5s > % ms long$ut onl& :% ms Hi#e% Loc)



Ness is also a #eep la e = metres #eep%NESSIE! T)e Loc) Ness Monster )as a name% T)e name i' t)e monster is Nessie% Nessieis a real Scottis) name%Nessie comes 'rom t)e name Agnes% It is common in Scotlan#% T)e name o' Loc) Nesscomes 'rom t)e Ri*er Ness%It runs 'rom Loc) Ness to t)e toHn o' In*erness% In*erness is _mout) o' t)e Ri*er Ness`%T)e Loc) Ness Monster ui+8)at is a monsterB

A monster is somet)ing $ig an# strange% It can $e an animal or a 'is)%8)at is a loc)BIt is t)e Scottis) Hor# 'or la e%Is Loc) Ness t)e onl& loc) in Scotlan#BLoc) Ness is not t)e onl& loc) in Scotlan# t)ere are more loc)s t)ere%8)at is t)e name o' t)e Loc) Ness MonsterBT)e name o' t)e 'amous monster is Nessie%Is Loc) Ness = ms > % ms or U ms longB

Loc) Ness is > % ilometres long%Is Loc) Ness : m :% m or :% ms Hi#eBLoc) Ness is :% ilometres Hi#e%Is Loc) Ness = metres QUU metres o' Q metres #eepBLoc) Ness is = metres #eep%N2 T7E LETTER!

It Has Vell&5s 'irst 3o$ as a seaman an# t)e s)ip Has a $ig one% It sta&e# at sea 'or mont)sat a time% At last letterscame 'rom )ome% T)ere Has a letter 'or Vell& an# )e put it insi#e )is s)irt% 7is 'rien# Al$ertsai#!

_Aren5t &ou going to rea# &our letterB` _No I )a*e Hor to #o`%Late t)at nig)t Al$ert saH Vell& again% 7e sai#

_Fi# &ou rea# &our letterB` `8)o is it 'romB` _No`%` 7oH #o I noHB` _ 8ell &ou must noH t)e HritingB` _No` _8ell open it` _No`_Fon5t &ou Hant to rea# itB` _ 1es I Hant to rea# it`% _So H)& #on5t &ou rea# itB _/ecause I can5t rea#%` _O) 8)& #i#n5t &ou sa& soB 7ere gi*e it to me%

_8)at are &ou #oingB _Opening it`% _ T)at5s m& letter`% _8)o 'romB` _ rom X er X /ett&% 8)o is t)atB` Y _M& girl'rien#`% _O are &ou rea#&B` _Rea#& 'or H)atB` _I Hill rea# it% Rig)t% T)is is it% _M& #earest%%%%%%` _8ait 8)at are &ou #oing noHB` _ I am putting t)e lig)t o''%` _8)&B` _T)at letter is 'rom /ett& to me% I can5t let &ou see it% _ _ 7oH can I rea# it noHB I can5t see an&t)ing%



_8ait )ere is a torc)%` _ T)an s`% _Can &ou see noHB _ T)is torc) is no goo#% It #oesn5t lig)t`% _ I Hill put t)e lig)t on again`% _ Can I rea# it noHB` _ 8ait` _ 8)at are &ou #oing Vell&B` _I5m putting m& )an#s o*er &our ears% NoH &ou can5t )ear H)at &ou are sa&ing% O rea#

me t)e letter% AnsHer t)ese questions!8)& #i#n5t Vell& open )is letterBVell& #i#n5t open )is letter $ecause )e #i#n5t noH )oH to rea#%8)& #i# )e put t)e lig)t o''B7e #i#n5t Hant Al$ert to see /ett&5s letter%8)& #i# )e get a torc)B

7e got a torc) $ecause Al$ert coul#n5t rea# /ett&5s letter Hit) t)e lig)t o'' %8)& #i# t)e s)ip sta& at sea 'or a long timeBT)e s)ip sta&e# at sea 'or mont)s $ecause it Has a $ig one%8)& #i# Vell& put )is )an#s o*er Al$ert5s earsB7e put )is )an#s o*er Al$ert5s ears $ecause )e #i#n5t Hant )im to )ear H)at )e Hassa&ing%M2 /EIDING/ei3ing is t)e capital o' t)e People5s Repu$lic o' C)ina% Its ol# name is Pe ing% It is in t)enort) east o' C)ina$etHeen tHo ri*ers t)e 1ung Ting an# t)e C)ai Pau% /ei3ing is t)e centre o' t)e C)inesego*ernment an# t)e culturalcentre o' C)ina%T)e cit& o' /ei3ing is *er& $ig QUU square miles o' = UUU square ilometres% It is t)e si+eo' a small countr& or a state%

1ou can compare it to 7aiti an# NeH 7amps)ire in t)e 6nite# States%Tienanmen Square is a large open area in /ei3ing 'amous in all t)e Horl# since t)estu#ent massacre in : % T)eGreat 7all o' t)e People is on t)e Hest si#e o' t)e square%

ANS8ER T7ESE 6ESTIONS!8)ere is t)is toHnB/ei3ing is in t)e Repu$lic o' C)ina in t)e nort) east o' it%8)at5s t)e name o' t)e 'amous square in /ei3ingBT)e 'amous square in /ei3ing is Tienanmen Square%8)& is it 'amousB

It is 'amous $ecause t)ere Has a stu#ent massacre in : t)ere%Name tHo ri*ers in t)e te-t!T)e tHo ri*ers are t)e 1ung Tin an# t)e C)ai PauC7OOSE T7E CORRECT ANS8ER!Pe ing is!a2 an ol# name 'or /ei3ing$2 t)e pro*incial capital o' t)e People5s Repu$lic o' C)inac2 t)e agricultural centre o' C)ina



TR6E OR ALSEB:2 /ei3ing is t)e capital o' t)e People5s Repu$lic o' C)ina%TR6E=2 /ei3ing is in t)e centre o' C)ina%

ALSE>2 /ei3ing co*ers a *er& large area%TR6ET)e Great 7all o' t)e people is on t)e east si#e o' t)e Tiananmen Square%

ALSE8RITE A/O6T A TO8N 1O6 LIVE% OLLO8 T7IS PLAN!Situation8)& is it important! main acti*it&Si+e population etcSome important $uil#ings monuments etc6se t)e passage a$out /ei3ing to )elp &ou%

IRREGULAR VERBSIN INITI@E SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING/E 8AS?8ERE /EEN SER ?ESTAR/ECOME /ECAME /ECOME LLEGAR A SER/EGIN /EGAN /EG6N EMPEdAR/REAV /ROVE /ROVEN ROMPER/RING /RO6G7T /RO6G7T TRAER/6ILF /6ILT /6ILT CONSTR6IR/61 /O6G7T /O6G7T COMPRARC7OOSE C7OSE C7OSEN ELEGIRCOME CAME COME @ENIRCOST COST COST COSTARC6T C6T C6T CORTARFO FIF FONE 7ACERFRA8 FRE8 FRA8N FI/6DARFRINV FRANV FR6NV /E/ERFRI@E FRO@E FRI@EN CONF6CIREAT ATE EATEN COMER

ALL ELL ALLEN CAEREEL ELT ELT SENTIRINF O6NF O6NF ENCONTRARL1 LE8 LO8N @OLARORGET ORGOT ORGOTTEN OL@IFAR

GET GOT GOT CONSEG6IRGI@E GA@E GI@EN FARGO 8ENT GONE IRGRO8 GRE8 GRO8N CRECER?PLANTAR7A@E 7AF 7AF TENER7EAR 7EARF 7EARF OIR

IN INITI@E SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANINGVNO8 VNE8 VNO8N SA/ER?CONOCERLEA@E LE T LE T SALIR?MARC7ARSELIG7T LIT LIT ENCENFERLOSE LOST LOST PERFER



MAVE MAFE MAFE 7ACERMEET MET MET 6EFAR?CONOCERPA1 PAIF PAIF PAGARP6T P6T P6T PONERREAF REAF REAF LEERRIFE ROFE RIFFEN MONTARRING RANG R6NG SONARR6N RAN R6N CORRERSA1 SAIF SAIF FECIRSEE SA8 SEEN @ERSELL SOLF SOLF @ENFERSENF SENT SENT EN@IARSING SANG S6NG CANTARSIT SAT SAT SENTARSESLEEP SLEPT SLEPT FORMIRSPEAV SPOVE SPOVEN 7A/LARSPENF SPENT SPENT PASAR?GASTARSTEAL STOLE STOLEN RO/ARS8IM S8AM S86M NAFARTAVE TOOV TAVEN TOMAR?COGERTEAC7 TA6G7T TA6G7T ENSE ARTELL TOLF TOLF FECIR?CONTART7INV T7O6G7T T7O6G7T PENSAR6NFERSTANF 6NFERSTOOF 6NFERSTOOF ENTENFER8EAR 8ORE 8ORN LLE@AR P6ESTO8IN 8ON 8ON GANAR8RITE 8ROTE 8RITTEN ESCRI/IR

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