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What is

grammar?

“It is well to remember that grammar is common speech formulated.”

Somerset Maugham

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Is grammarimportant?

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“Rarely is the questionasked: Is our childrenlearning”

 January 11, 2000 From a speechdelivered in Florence, South Carolina,

and reported in the Los Angeles Timeson January 14, 2000

eorge W. Bush Speaking:

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“ !ou teach a child toread" and he or her willbe able to pass a

literacy test”February 21, 2001 From a speech

delivered in Townsend, Tennessee.Reported by The New Republic

(March , 2001 issue!.

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 is it important in our teahing ontext

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"rammar# $and (%pea&in'!

"rammar# $and (ritin' Tas&s 1 ) 2!

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Some examp!e of "hat "e #eryoften hear in our !assrooms$

exam$ et.#hat did you do last weekend

 I go to $ubai with my friends.

%&&&&' I swim in the sea. %&&&&'

 I play football. %&&&&'

 

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Some examp!e of "hat "e #eryoften hear in our !assrooms$exams$ et.#hat did you do last weekend

 I go to $ubai with my friends.

%&&&&' I swim in the sea. %&&&&'

 I play football. %&&&&'

 

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%eahing Grammar in

Context  “In the past$ a tra&itiona!

!assroom$ "ith its emphasis

on grammatia! ompetenean& exp!iit kno"!e&ge of!anguage ru!es$ &i& not pro#i&eoasions for !earners toommuniate'”

(A&air()auk * +onato$ ,--,

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  “nfortunate!y$ many stu&ents "ho

spent years !earning on!y the forma!properties of the !anguage /soun&system$ #er0 on1ugations$ ru!es ofsyntax$ #oa0u!ary !ists2 ou!& not$ inthe en&$ exhange information$ expressi&eas or fee!ings$ onstrut an& ontro!pro0!em so!#ing$ or &e#e!op an& nurturea soia! re!ationship in a seon&!anguage.”

(A&air()auk * +onato$ ,--,

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It is through ommuniation that"e are a0!e to impro#e our"or!&$ to prosper$ an& to en1oy

it.Cooper /34452

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“Second and (oreign languagelearners want to learn language asit is really used”.

)oelho

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  Genera! ru!e

Spei6 examp!es

7ratie

/ %op(&o"n Approah 2

+e&uti#e Approah:

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 9xposure to grammar in ontext

 7ratie

Genera! ru!e

/ Bottom( up Approah 2

n&uti#e Approah:

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When grammar is taughtinductively $ the teaher'

• a!!o"s the !earner to formu!atean& &iso#er the ru!e /“toin&ut”2.

• pro#i&es a C;%9

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A =o&e! >esson 7attern

•

introduces the target grammaritem%s' in )*+,-,.

• pre/teaches some of the di0cult1ocabulary.

• pro1ides a 23R2*S- for use.

• asks students if they can recogni4ethe words5phrases in B>+.

• in1ites students to try and formulatethe rule for themsel1es.

• in1ites students to answer someconcept checking questions

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A =o&e! >esson 7attern /ontinue&'2

•

presents the grammar item%e6plicitly'

• disco1ers the grammar

• pro1ides opportunities for controlledpractice

• in1ites students to edit a piece ofwriting

• free practice %communication'

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)o" to put it into pratie?