Grammer Book

Lola Cox

Table of Contents

-Preterite• Regular• Trigger Words • -car, -gar, -zar• Spock• Cucaracha• Snake• Snakey

-Imperfect• Regular • Trigger Words• Irregulars

- Preterite vs. Imperfect- Ser vs. Estar

- Verbs Like Gustar- Comparative and

Superlatives- Transition Words- Future • Regular• Trigger Words• Irregular

-Por-Para-Demonstrative Adjectives-Demonstrative Pronouns

PRETERITE

RegularTrigger words-car, -gar, -zarSpockCucarachaSnakeSnakey

Regular

-ar• é• aste• ó• amos• aron

-er/ir• í• iste• ió• imos• ieron

Trigger Words

day before yesterday anteayerthe day before el dia anteriorayer yesterdayel jueves pasado last Thursdaylast Tuesday el martes pasadolast week la semana pasadalast weekend el fin de semana pasadolast month el mes pasadoyesterday morning ayer por la mananayesterday afternoon ayer por la tardethe other day el otro diaone time una vezthis afternoon esta tardethis morning esta mananatonight esta noche

-car, -gar, -zar

-car qué

-gar gué

-zar cé

• Only in 1st person singular

Spock

Ir/Ser• Fui• Fuiste• Fue• Fuimos• Fueron

Dar/Ver• Di/Vi• Diste/Viste• Dio/Vio• Dimos/Vimos• Dieron/Vieron

Hacer• Hice• Hiciste• Hizo• Hicimos• Hicieron

CucarachaAndar anduv_Estar estuv_Poder pud_Ponerpus_Querer quis_Saber sup_Tener tuv_Venir vin_Conducir conduj_Producirproduj_Traducir traduj_Decirdij_Traer traj_

• e• iste• o• imos• isteis• ieron

“j” verbs no i = eron

Snake

• Only changes in 3rd person• ei: pedir, preferir, competir, repetir, servir,

sentir, and venir• ou: dormir and morir

Snakey

Verbs like oir, leer, and creer

Leí LeímosLeíste LeísteisLeyó Leyeron

IMPERFECT

RegularTrigger wordsIrregular

Regular

-ar• aba• abas• aba• ábamos• aban

-er/-ir• ía • ías• ía• íamos• ían

Trigger WordsFrequently Frecuentamente

Always Siempre

Sometimes A veces

Often A menudo

Occasionally De vez en cuando

While Mientras

Many times Muchas veces

Everyday Cada dia

All day Todos los dias

Irregular

Ir• iba• ibas• iba• íbamos• iban

Ser• era• eras• era• éramos • eron

Ver• veía• veías• veía• veíamos• veían

Preterite vs. Imperfect

Preterite• Is used to show actions that

are viewed as completed• Expresses the beginning or

end of a past action• Can be used to narrate a

sequence of past events• Interrupts actions• Usually indicates a specific

event • Is like a picture

Imperfect• Describes ongoing past

actions• Is used to expressed actions

that were repeated habitually

• Describes physical or emotional state

• Can be used to explain background information

• Is like a movie

Ser

D: descriptionO: originC: characteristicsT: timeO: occupationR: relationshipP: possessionE: event D: date

Estar- to be

H: healthE: emotionsL: locationP: present conditionING

Verbs Like Gustar

• Aburrir- to bore• Encantar- to love• Faltar- to miss• Fascinar- to fascinate• Importar- to be

important• Interesar- to interest• Molestar- to annoy• Quedar- to stay

• Caer bien/mal- to think it’s good/bad

• Doler- to hurt• Disgustar- to dislike• Hacer falta- to be

missed• Preocupar- to worry• Sorprender- to surprise• Apetecer- to appetize

Comparative and Superlatives

• más(more)+ adjective +que(than)• menos(less)+ adjective +que(than)• la/él más(the most)+ adjective +de(of)• la/él menos(the least)+ adjective +de(of)

• buenomejor• malopeor• viejomayor• jovenmenor

Transition WordsEven though Aunque

Also También

While Mientras

In spite of A pasar de

But Pero

Therefore Por lo tanto

Nevertheless Sin embargo/no obstante

FUTURE

RegularTrigger wordsIrregulars

Regular

• All verbs have the same endings• Ifinitives+ -é

-ás-á-emos-éis-án

Trigger Words

• El proximo• Mañana• En (unos, dos,…) (años, semanas, dias)

IrregularsDecir Dir-

Hacer Har-

Poner Pondr-

Salir Saldr-

Tener Tendr-

Valer Valdr-

Venir Vendr-

Poder Podr-

Querer Querr-

Saber Sabr-

Caber Cabr-

Haber Habr-

Por

• Passing through… PORtal• General rather than specific location… PORtugal• How long it lasts… PORever• The cause of something… PORpuse• An exchange… imPORt/exPORt• Doing something in place or instead of

something else… I’m POR, pay for me• A means of transportation… transPORtation

Para

• For whom something is done… PARAty• Destination… PARAguay• Purpose for which something is done…

PARAchutes• To express an opinion… PARAdon me, but• To compare or contrast… comPARAson• To express idea of a deadline… PARAmedic