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printing project
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Historical BackgroundHistorical Background
Italian Renaissance 1300’s.Italian Renaissance 1300’s. Engravings and etching into soft copper.Engravings and etching into soft copper. A channel or sunken area is left, this holds the A channel or sunken area is left, this holds the
ink.ink. Intaglio is the term used to describe gravure Intaglio is the term used to describe gravure
printing (Italian for printing in a sunken printing (Italian for printing in a sunken surface)surface)
““Roto” GravureRoto” Gravure
Roto means Round.Roto means Round. Term used for Industrial Intaglio.Term used for Industrial Intaglio. Roto Gravure is printing from a cylinder.Roto Gravure is printing from a cylinder. Web Fed Web Fed Slitter ( devise used to cut sheets at the end of Slitter ( devise used to cut sheets at the end of
of the press)of the press)
Gravure IndustryGravure Industry
Simplest of all printing Simplest of all printing systems.systems.
Fastest press start up.Fastest press start up. Very little paper waste Very little paper waste
(half the paper waste of (half the paper waste of lithography).lithography).
Speed is extremely high.Speed is extremely high. 45,000 copies an hour.45,000 copies an hour.
Gravure Industry (continued)Gravure Industry (continued)
Some run 20 million copies without cylinder Some run 20 million copies without cylinder wearing out.wearing out.
Highest quality image.Highest quality image.
Industry OrganizationIndustry Organization
3 types of printing3 types of printing Packing PrintingPacking Printing Publication PrintingPublication Printing Specialty PrintingSpecialty Printing
Packaging PrintingPackaging Printing
This includes producing and folding.This includes producing and folding. CartonsCartons BoxesBoxes BagsBags Gift wrappersGift wrappers LabelsLabels
Publication PrintingPublication Printing
This includes PrintingThis includes Printing Newspaper SupplementsNewspaper Supplements MagazinesMagazines CatalogsCatalogs Mass Mailing AdvertisementsMass Mailing Advertisements
Specialty PrintingSpecialty Printing
Used to Print such materials asUsed to Print such materials as WallpaperWallpaper VinylVinyl Floor coveringFloor covering Textiles (decoration and clothing)Textiles (decoration and clothing)
Methods of Cylinder PrepMethods of Cylinder Prep
Diffusion etchDiffusion etch Direct TransferDirect Transfer Electromechanical ProcessElectromechanical Process Laser cuttingLaser cutting
Diffusion-Etch ProcessDiffusion-Etch Process
Image exposed much like developing a plate Image exposed much like developing a plate for regular offset printing except negative in for regular offset printing except negative in transferred.transferred.
Acid BathAcid Bath Copper cylinderCopper cylinder Cylinder then chromed (prolong life)Cylinder then chromed (prolong life)
Direct-TransferDirect-Transfer
Light Sensitive MaskLight Sensitive Mask Acid BathAcid Bath Chrome platingChrome plating
Electromechanical ProcessElectromechanical Process
Replaced chemical engravingReplaced chemical engraving Basically Done by a computerized mill that Basically Done by a computerized mill that
etches a digitally scanned image.etches a digitally scanned image.
Laser-cutting ProcessLaser-cutting Process
Chemically etched holes are made.Chemically etched holes are made. Plastic is used to cover holes.Plastic is used to cover holes. Same process as electromechanical is used Same process as electromechanical is used
except a laser does the cutting instead of a tool except a laser does the cutting instead of a tool bit.bit.
Well FormationWell Formation
Gravure Transfers from small wells that are Gravure Transfers from small wells that are etched or cut in the cylinderetched or cut in the cylinder
Cylinder rotates through a fountain of inkCylinder rotates through a fountain of ink Excess ink is wiped off by a doctor bladeExcess ink is wiped off by a doctor blade
DepthDepth
Bottom of the well to the top surface of the Bottom of the well to the top surface of the cylindercylinder
Well DesignWell Design
ConventionalConventional Wells have exactly the same opening sizeWells have exactly the same opening size Amount of ink is controlled only by the depth of the Amount of ink is controlled only by the depth of the
wellwell
Well Design (continued)Well Design (continued)
Lateral hard-dotLateral hard-dot Can create half tone imagesCan create half tone images Well opening sized differWell opening sized differ Well depth stays the sameWell depth stays the same
Cylinder ConstructionCylinder Construction
Most cylinder cores are made of steelMost cylinder cores are made of steel Some companies prefer aluminumSome companies prefer aluminum
Lighter Lighter Less expensive Less expensive Easier to shipEasier to ship
Cylinder DesignCylinder Design
Axis (center line of shaft)Axis (center line of shaft) Shaft (what the cylinder spins on)Shaft (what the cylinder spins on) DiameterDiameter Circumference (one impression)Circumference (one impression) Face Length (printing width)Face Length (printing width)
Two forms of CylindersTwo forms of Cylinders
Mandrel (removable shaft)Mandrel (removable shaft)
Integral (shaft mounted permanently) $$$$Integral (shaft mounted permanently) $$$$