THE NATURE AND CONTOURS OF TRUST IN SENTENCING AND PENAL DECISION MAKINGDUBLIN, 18-19 APRIL 2013

DOES PUNISHMENTPROMOTE TRUST?

CONSIDERATIONS ON TRUST AND THE AIMS OF PUNISHMENT FROM THE ITALIAN PERSPECTIVE

GRAZIA MANNOZZIUNIVERSITÀ DELL’INSUBRIA

COMO (ITALY)

Prof. Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria (Como - Italy)

Punishment and Trust

«Venni qua giù del mio beato scanno, fidandomi del tuo parlare onesto, ch’onora te e quei ch’udito l’hanno»

Dante Alighieri, Inferno, II, 111

Cesare Ripa, Iconology (Punishment)

Prof. Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria (Como - Italy)

‘Trust’ from the sociological perspective

• Trust and consensus: The Putnam perspecive.

Prof. Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria (Como - Italy)

Society from the SC point of viewSocial Capital

Inter-individual Trust Common norms, values, identity

Cooperation/reciprocality

Prof. Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria (Como - Italy)

‘Trust’ from the EU perspective«The Commission wishes to explore the extent to which detention issues impact on mutual trust, and consequently on mutual recognition and judicial cooperation generally within the European Union».«For mutual recognition to operate effectively there must be a common basis of trust between judicial authorities». (GREEN PAPER - COM(2011) 327 final)«An EU Criminal Policy should have as overall goal to foster citizens’ confidence in the fact that they live in a Europe of freedom, security and justice, that EU law protecting their interests is fully implemented and enforced011) (COMMUNICATION -COM(2011) 573 final)

Prof. Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria (Como - Italy)

TRUST AS A PRE-CONDITION FOR COOPERATION IN JUDICIAL MATTERS

Prof. Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria (Como - Italy)

‘Trust’ from the sociological perspective

• Trust as a key-element for a law abiding behaviour: the Goffman perspective

• Trust as an hermeneutic parameter: the Garfinkel, perspective

• Trust as a stabilisation of social relationships: the Giddens perspective

• Trust as a way a way to reduce complexity, uncertainty, risk. The Luhmann perspective.

Prof. Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria (Como - Italy)

The Italian sanction system

Juvenile

Adult

Corporations

Petty offences

Medium crimes

Serious crimes

Prof. Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria (Como - Italy)

Characteristics of the Italian sanctionsub-systemsfor adult andcorporations

Petty offences

Organised crime/terrorism

Common crimes

Immigration related crimes and recidivists

Corporation/white collar crime

Justice of the PeaceAutonomous sanctionsAim: reconciliation/reparation

Criminal CourtTraditional sanctions (imprisonment, fine)Aim: neutralisation/retribution

Monocratic or Criminal CourtTraditional sanctionsAim: rehabilitation/retribution

Criminal courtsTraditional sanctionsAim: retribution

Criminal CourtAim: not clear -prevention/reparation/retribution

Prof

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Can people/States trust this kind of sanction system?(from ‘Processo originale degli untori’, Milano 1839)

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Can people trust imprisonment, even if it is oriented to new goals?(Raphael, Liberation of St Peter, 1513-14)

Prof. Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria (Como - Italy)

SUPERVISION OF THE EXECUTION OF JUDGMENTS AND DECISIONSOF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS6TH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS2012 (2013)

Prof. Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria (Como - Italy)

Tensions of the goals of sanctions◦Retribution undemonstrated◦Rehabilitation ineffective◦Neutralisation unconstitutional◦Deterrence questionable◦Recognition not verifiable

In short:The goals of punishment are widely differentiated; they are not always clear (i.e. for white collars crimes and negligent crimes characterised by violation of safety at work laws); they are usually not expressed in the sentence motivation.

Prof

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zia M

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)J. Sinberg,Garden of Death (1896) The Wounded Angel (1903)

Can a penal system still widely based on prison promote trust in the society?

Can a penal system based on prison help victim to enhance trust in the justice system?

PROF. GRAZIA MANNOZZI - UNIVERSITY OF INSUBRIA (COMO - ITALY)

The dynamics of trustCRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

Trust in norms/institutions

Punishment

People

RESTORATIVE JUSTICE SYSTEM

Trust among people

Norms

people

reparation

Prof. Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria (Como - Italy)

PROF. GRAZIA MANNOZZIUNIVERSITÀ DELL’INSUBRIAVIA S. ABBONDIO 1222100 COMO (ITALY)grazia.mannozzi@uninsubria.itgrazia.mannozzi@teletu.itwww4.uninsubria.it/on-line/home/rubrica/home-page-docente.html?P1_m=P000443