Great Crime of 1914

8/14/2019 Great Crime of 1914

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THE GREAT CRIMEOF 1914

A PLEA FOR PEACE

BYFRANK M. FRANKLINOF THE NEW YORK BAR

Author of *' Prince and Profligate," ** The Money Trust/* etc.

Truth shall make you free "

Uhc Iknlcfterbocftcr press(G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS)NEW YORK

1914


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By transferThe Wi +e House


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PREFACEA VISION OF THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR, OR HELL

ON EARTHSoon after the war began I was obliged to

undergo an operation. While waiting for theanaesthetic to be administered to me I was readingan account of the beginning of hostilities. Thefirst thing I remember thereafter is a dull throb-bing in my temples, which gradually grew into thenoise of artillery and din of battle. I seemed to bea war correspondent standing on a hill outsideof the city of Liege, near the road along whichpitiful old men, women, and children were passing,seeking to escape from the high-explosive shellshurled by the Germans from across the RiverMeuse. The German artillery, however, was di-rected against the Liege forts. Repeated attemptshad been made by the Germans to cross the riverfor the purpose of attacking them.The regiments of German soldiers were rushed

forward over the hastily constructed pontoonbridge. Shells from the fort were hurled in theirmidst causing parts of human bodies to fly squirm-ing in all directions, and fall into the bloody riverwhich seemed choked with dead and wounded.


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The places left vacant by these unfortunate menwere at once filled with numerous other spikedhelmets, and just as these new men were aboutto land on the other side, a couple of large shellsfrom the fort struck the pontoon bridge which fellwith its struggling mass of humanity into theawful river below. While the woimded struggledamidst the dying in the river, another pontoonbridge was hastily constructed only to meet withthe same terrible fate.

It seemed that the German forces had beenchecked for days, and I was wondering how manytimes this performance would be repeated beforethe German commanders would be convinced thatflesh and blood is no match for hard steel andexplosive shells, when a loud cry was heard on theother side of the town where an army of Germanshad succeeded in advancing upon Liege frompoints beyond the reach of the forts. The braveBelgians had advanced fiercely against the in-vaders, and there ensued a struggle which has noparallel in history. Amidst heart-rending shrieksand cries, the great shells from the German artillerywere slaying entire columns of Belgians as theydetonated and made havoc of the bowels of theearth, which were swallowing legs, heads, and armsthat had been torn from human bodies. TheBelgians too were doing frightful execution withtheir machine guns, wiping out entire sectionsof the invaders, but the places of those disabledwere soon filled by innumerable other soldiers.And now there came many regiments of German

Uhlans on their fiery horses, crashing and slash-


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ing the Belgian infantry. The Belgians stoodtheir ground and received the enemy upon theirbayonets. As horses and men went down to-gether, many others came from behind, jumpingover them and continuing the work of death anddestruction.But the weight of numbers was in favor of the

invaders. The Belgian lines began to thin outperceptibly and then they began slowly to retreat.This seemed to give additional courage to thefierce Germans who with savage yells rushed theBelgian lines until their thinning ranks could nolonger hold their position.The lines broke and the Belgians ran for cover.

The Germans charged with renewed fervor andrained blows from all sides on the fleeing Belgians.

So fascinated was I by the terrible scene thatI failed to notice that the fighting had come upto where I was standing. Several cringing men,women, and children, who were on the road, triedto get out of the way, only to be cut to pieces. Afew men in an attempt to save themselves cameto where I was standing. A number of invadersat once charged up the hill cutting down every-thing in their way. I received a blow on the righttemple and lost consciousness as I fell.When I revived, it was evening. The fightingseemed to have passed on. The city of Liegewas in flames. The luried sky illuminated thebattlefield. I raised myself; as far as the eyecould reach the ground was strewn with dead,dying, and wounded. Maimed, crushed, and shat-tered soldiers were praying to be put out of their


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misery. Some had their eyes gouged out. Othershad their arms and legs hanging loose from theirtorn bodies, and all, who could, were vainly striv-ing to staunch the blood from their terrific woimds.Numerous men were writhing on the ground inthe most frightful agony until their eyes began toglaze and death relieved them. Many mangled,bleeding forms were crawling on the earth aim-lessly seeking for succor until they could crawl nolonger and dropped down in torturing pain. Blood,human blood was everywhere.The sickening sights surrounded me so thatI could not turn to any direction for relief. Iraised my hand to heaven and cried out: ''Merci-ful God, How can such intolerable cruelty bepermitted? Why will men bring on each othersuch agonizing grief?'* Unearthly cries echoed.Why? Why? And then it seemed to me thatthousands of accusing shapes raised themselvesand with unnatural cries began to call out forjustice, against those who had brought them thereto die amidst such intolerable suffering.The next thing I knew I was indignantly draw-ing up an indictment against the rulers somewhat

similar to the one which appears at the end of thisbooklet, and then I awoke to find a physicianfixing the bandage which I had torn ofT in mydelirium. I was greatly relieved when I found itwas only a dream, but when I realized that whatI had seen in my vision was actually taking placedaily in the theater of war, only that the horrorwas a thousand-fold greater and continued allthe time, I resolved to set down what I could


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against this greatest crime against humanity, inthe hope that it will awake the conscience of thepeople and perhaps even reach the rulers of theearth.

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The Great Crime of 19 14

CHAPTER IHOT HASTE TO BEGIN HOSTILITIES

On July 22, 1914, peace reigned throughoutthe world. In spite of the great burden of mili-tarism, which cost European Powers from one-eighth to one-half of their entire income, each ofthe countries at present engaged in war enjoyedan unprecedented degree of wealth and prosperity.Racial hatred was decHning and brotherly lovewas on the ascendancy throughout the world.A Peace Palace had just been completed and apermanent Tribunal for Arbitration of Nations*differences had been estabhshed. The sentiment"Peace on earth, good will to men" was growingand bearing fruit among the peoples of the earth.Most cordial relations existed among the rulers ofEurope, many of whom had intermarried intoeach other's families and were high honoraryofficers of each other's military forces.The Czar of Russia and the Kaiser of Germany,

the two men who were chiefly responsible for the


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commencement of the war, were considered thechief votaries of peace, the Czar having calledtogether the nations for the institutions of a PeaceCongress, and the Emperor of Germany was every-where declared to be the logical candidate for theNobel Peace Prize which was to be given in 19 14.On the next day there appeared a small speckon this peaceful horizon which presaged the gather-ing clouds of war soon to break into the disastrousstorm which is shaking Europe to its very founda-tion. On fateful July 23, 1914, Imperial Austriasends an ultimatum to intriguing Servia ; threaten-ing the dissolution of diplomatic relations unlessthis comparatively insignificant Power agrees tosuppress anti-Austrian propaganda within herDominion, and permit Austrian representatives toparticipate in the investigation and punishmentof the conspirators, who, she alleges had takenpart in the assassination of the heir of the Austrianthrone on June 28th, in revenge for Austria'srestrictive policy against a greater Servia. WhenServia asked for more time to consider this ultima-tum, and this request is favored by the otherPowers, Austria arbitrarily refused to grant evenone hour more than the time allotted, and here wemay note the first example of the stubbornness ofroyalty, which deems itself far above commonsense.

In the meantime Russia, the most active sup-pressor of free speech and free thought in her ownterritory, suddenly became the champion of freespeech and autonomy for Servia. As the lastmoment of the forty-eight hours approached,


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Servia replied that she will not permit Austrianrepresentatives in Servia to try Servian subjects,stating, however, that she was willing to investi-gate the charges by her own authorities withfreedom of inspection to Austria, and suggestingarbitration; this reply was not satisfactory to theAustrian Government.The friendly offices of England offered in an

attempt to procure arbitration at a conference ofthe European ambassadors in London, were per-emptorily declined by Austria, and on July 28th,she formally declared war on Servia and at oncebegan to bombard Belgrade its capital.The Czar immediately called out all his Reserv-

ists, which means that besides her enormous stand-ing army consisting of all able-bodied males whoare compelled to serve for several years when theyattain the age of twenty ; all ex-soldiers who havetaken up peaceful pursuits must leave their homes,families, and occupations and join their colorshundreds of miles away.

In 1866, Prussia and Austria went to war forabout the same reason, or lack of reason, which ispartly responsible for the present hostiHties. Each,distrusting the other, forced the mobiHzation ofits troops at their mutual frontier until the re-spective armies clashed and precipitated the in-evitable conflict. The Prussians triumphed overthe Austrians after a large number of men werekilled and maimed by both sides, and at the end ofthe war both countries were in about the sameposition as when they started. Bismarck, whoforesaw the coming of the greater Franco-Prussian

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War deemed it advisable to cultivate Austrianfriendship so as to insure her neutrality. Thisfriendship gradually grew into the present de-fensive and offensive compact in 1879. Thisalliance furnished Germany with an excuse blindlyto sanction all that her ally, Austria, had said anddone, and to send an ultimatum to Russia de-manding that her mobilization cease within twenty-four hours or she will declare war. To threatenwar within twenty-four hours that would destroythe work of centuries seems to be official Ger-many'sidea of promulgating peace. Slowand stub-born Russia paid no attention to this threat, and soon, July 31st, Kriegs-Gefahr, or Martial Law, wasdeclared throughout Germany, and the Kaiser atonce proceeded to concentrate hisvast army, not onthe Russian frontier, where Cossacks were alreadymaking inroads upon Prussian territory, but onthe borders of France and Belgium and even in-vaded Luxemburg, regardless of Germany's solemntreaty to respect the neutrality of both Belgiumand Luxemburg. On the following day Germanydeclared formal war on Russia.

Republican France, that has so little in commonwith Autocratic Russia, had nevertheless beenforced to form a dual alliance with the Czar'sGovernment since 1876 owing to Germany's grow-ing military power and menacing attitude. Eng-land, after becoming apprehensive on account ofGermany's increasing navy, found it worth herwhile to cultivate French friendship. SubsequentlyFrance induced England to come also to an under-standing with Russia and thus the Entente Cor-

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diale, or Triple Understanding, was formed to acttogether against the Triple Alliance whenever thejoint interests of those three countries requireaction. France, in obedience to her alliance withRussia, has always expressed her wilHngness tocooperate with that country and issued a mo-bilization order when Germany mobihzed at theFrench frontier. It is but fair to say that theGovernment of this European Republic had firstordered her forces away from the frontier so thatthere should be no clash with Germany and inorder to demonstrate that Germany is the ag-gressor ; and which by the way furnished Italy withthe excuse she sought for not participating in thewar, as she agreed to do by the terms of the TripleAlliance, if Germany had been attacked.Thus the alliances which were made for the

purpose of securing the peace of Europe have, to agreat extent, become the cause of the present war.

After all this mischief had been done, on August2, 1 914, Austria and Russia were at last willing todiscuss the advisability of not killing hundreds ofthousands of men, because one archduke had beenassassinated. The dove of peace hovered for ashort time over the hostile camps. There wasstill time to avoid this awful Armageddon, and hadthe rulers of Europe earnestly desired peace eventhen, the dark clouds of war would have dis-appeared. But, no, the savage spirit of strife hadcome to stay, and blood and iron became the ruleof the day.

England claims that Russia and Austria wereon the point of agreeing upon an amicable settle-

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ment when Germany precipitated the war. Ger-many claims that the Russian mobihzation forcedher hand. The fact remains that the Teuton warlord evidently believed that he was lord "of allhe surveyed, " and demanded that he be permittedto use Belgium for the passage of his troops so as toenable him to attack France more swiftly, and paidno attention to Belgian's King when called uponto respect their neutrality treaty. Germany's chan-cellor regarded it as "a mere scrap of paper,'* andso, upon Belgium's refusal, Germany at once beganto invade Belgium territory, wage war upon herpeople, and attack her forts, thereby demonstra-ting that modem fortifications are reliable andthat the best laid plans of mihtary experts "maygo agley."The Belgium King protested to the King of

England against the breach of their treaty, andthe attack upon her by Germany. The relationsbetween Great Britain and Germany were nonetoo friendly since Germany refused England'sproposition to cease building additional warshipsand thereby threatening England's supremacy atsea and her security on land, so England seemedto be only too glad of the excuse Germany gaveher when she attacked Belgium, and at oncemobiHzed her troops in order to defend Belgiumneutrality by force of arms. The fatal idea gener-ally prevailed that a European war was inevitable,and that it might as well take place then as anyother time.And so on August 4, 19 14, there was a prompt

general declaration of hostilities all around, and


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some days later Japan recalled to mind her treatywith England and stated that "in order to pre-serve peace in the Far East" she advised Germanyto relinquish her possessions in China and with-draw her fleet and power within about a week, orshe would declare war on Germany. Germanyheeded her not, and Japan started the war gamein the Far East.And so each of the countries, after doing all

they can to provoke each other, combines to stopthe wheels of progress, paralyze trade, finance, andindustry, sacrifice its best blood, and pour out itstreasures so as to bring sorrow and suffering tomillions of homes throughout the continent.


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CHAPTER IINO REAL REASON FOR THIS RUINOUS WAR

What real cause can be assigned for the appall-ing devastation that is going on in Europe? Eachof the rulers engaged in the murderous game seeksto saddle another with the burden of commencinghostilities and says that he was dragged intothe war and that the other ''thrust the sword intohis hand." As a matter of fact all of the coun-tries seem to be more or less guilty. In the cold-blooded, impersonal, diplomatic correspondencethat preceded the war we find no suggestion thatthe alleged difference between the great nationsmight be submitted to arbitration.There can be no question about the fact that

if the belligerent nations had done nothing whilethey were exchanging notes with each other, hos-tilities would never have been commenced, and ifa reasonable disposition had been shown to adjusttheir pretended grievances there would have beenno war. Instead, however, all of the countries hadbeen proceeding to prepare for a conflict, whichcaused apprehension and fear amongst them, andfurnished the spark that ignited the combustiblePowers and resulted in this horrible conflagration.

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With the avowed purpose of securing peace,Europe has been on a war footing for many years,each country going to the limit of its resources insecuring great standing armies and navies, andthe latest weapons of destruction. How couldanyone believe in pretended peaceful intentionswhen they were constantly preparing to fighteach other? This was accentuated by their con-temptible spy system, and they thus constantlybred discord, antagonism, and racial hatred.

Germany's terrific, well-drilled, and ever-in-creasing military power was the first menace to therest of Europe. Each country, with the ostensibleidea of being able to defend itself, went to the verylimit of its resources in preparing to fight when-ever it should be called upon to do so. Themilitary aristocracy, consisting of thousands ofofficers in charge of these vast armies, who re-garded war as their sole trade and means of rapidpromotion, were always most eager to engage inwar upon the slightest pretext, or lack of pretext.With them were the wealthy and influential manu-facturers of war material who directly profitedthrough the large expenditures necessitated byhuman strife, and part of whose business it is tosow the seeds of discord in order that they mayreap the harvest of gold.The rulers finally yielded to these dreadful

advocates of destruction, and seized upon thefirst chance that presented itself to involve theirrespective countries in wholesale slaughter.

It was through some such lack of reason thatAustria was induced to declare war on Servia.

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Can it be seriously contended that the greatDual-Monarchy was afraid of its little neighbor?Because a Servian assassin, who was apprehended,had killed an archduke, does an entire countryhave to engage in assassination? Can it beseriously maintained that propaganda in Serviaagainst the Austrian Government could do anyserious harm to it? If the entire Servian armyhad attacked Austria it could easily have beenannihilated.The more probable causes for the war were the

secret desire of the Imperial party in Austriato annex more territory in the Balkan States andthe ungrounded racial hatred fostered by the warparty and also the ill-advised idea of engaging ina "popular" war so as to unite all the contendingparties in Austria after the Emperor's expecteddemise.As a direct sequel to Austria's attitude we find

Russia preparing to support Servia and to mo-bilize her great forces. While Russia's standingarmy is not as intelligent, well-drilled, or equippedas Germany's, it has always been superior innumbers, and the Muscovites have almost as greatfaith in the rule of force and violence as theGermans and, therefore, Russia has been almost asgreat a menace as Germany.What sense is there to the alleged Pan-Slavic

Federation? What good would a union of all theSlav races do to anybody? Does anyone believethat the most cruel government on earth, whichmerely for the expression of opinion has sent toSiberia, to prison, and into exile its most en-

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lightened subjects who dared to Uft their voicesin protest against bnitahty, would go to waragainst Austria, for trying to prevent free speechand punish royal assassination? Has the great Rus-sian Bear put his own house in such order that hecan consistently help others? Is it not more likelythat the Czar resorted to war in order to diverthis people from the great burden of taxes andoppression he has heaped upon them? This ideaof diversion has been repeatedly utilized by Russiain the past when she organized and encouragedJewish massacres. When she finds that this wayof giving her subjects something else to thinkabout is becoming impopular on the continent,and that there is too much hue and cry raisedagainst such outrages, she seeks a more respect-able mode of rapine and massacre.

Russia has also an eye on the Balkan States andon the Dardanelles, although she has more territorythan she can use for generations to come, and if shewould employ her poor people in the cultivationthereof, and follow the advice of her first real King,Peter the Great, who earned that title by attempt-ing to raise Russia out of the mire of Barbarismand encourage her in peaceful pursuits, her Empirewould become a land of plenty. Another causefor the war is the time-honored one of Russiaseeking an outlet to the sea. As a matter of factshe has several splendid seaports that are availableat all times, such as those at Odessa, Libau, etc.,and has outlets upon the Baltic Sea, Caspian Sea,Black Sea, and White Sea. But even if she neededadditional seaports, could not Russia obtain them

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more humanely by purchase and dollar diplomacy,as, for instance, the recent acquisition by Germanyof a port at New Waterway near Rotterdam,Holland?Germany has been selfishly struggling for su-premacy without regard to the rest of humanity

and is therefore now facing most of civilized human-ity in the greatest war and carnage in the historyof the world. Because Austria has wrongfullyannexed a couple of Servian provinces entrustedto her government, and Germany has encouragedher in her arrogant attitude in regard to theBalkan States, does that give her any excuse forsaying that there is fear of a Slav invasion ofEurope? Why should Germany be offended atRussian mobilization, while she herself was doingthe same thing? Why has Germany been increas-ing her armament each year, if not to engage instrife and slaughter?Germany was making extraordinary strides in

every line of endeavor, and if she had left wellenough alone and preserved the peace, no onecould have stopped her from becoming the great-est Power on the European continent. She haseven acquired large tracts of land for her colonieson the other continents, where she could send anysurplus population that she may have for hundredsof years to come.

In Europe, Germany*s neighbors are just aboutas crowded as she is, and Germany can get moreroom only by murdering the people in her vicinity.Why should Germany paralyze her progress andsacrifice her culture upon the pagan altar of


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Barbarism? Why should any Power be jealousof its neighbors' prosperity and colonies if it hascolonies and property of its own ? There was everyreason for peace, and no excuse for war.But Germany, like the others, seems to have beendrunk with power, and seems to have been running

amuck spoiling for a fight with anybody upon anypretext.Her martial emperor was only too ready to

listen to the advice of his war party, which hebelieved would give him a chance to realize hisdreams of greatness and Imperialism. Nay, ifpossible, he would have liked to Germanize theworld . ' ' Deutschland iiber alles ' ' ; but the All (i)eshave to be reckoned with and that is no moreprobable than it is possible for the Slav races toenslave the earth. A day before the war the Teu-tons and Slavs were dwelling in peace together.Tolerance of religion and brotherly love weregaining ground, and racial hatred would have com-pletely died out as it has almost expired in theUnited States, if it had not been kindled anew byracial wars.

And now we come to France. Why should LaBelle France, who has been baptized in the bloodof kings and nobility, take up the cudgel forDespotic Russia and finance her wars? What hasshe to gain from the present conflict? Francecould have avoided her alliance like Italy and ifGermany had been assured of her neutrality thatcountry would have been too glad to leave her inpeace; and France would have saved the world

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from this gigantic misfortune. But the braveFrenchmen have ever been led into foolhardyways. The French were evidently afraid thatGermany might fight them at some future time,so they decided to fight the Germans at once.They did not even have the unmoral excuse ofbeing rivals in commercialism, which so oftencauses war. There is, of course, the wild spirit ofrevenge rankling in their breasts because of theloss of Alsace-Lorraine, and there is hope thatthey will bring these twin provinces back intothe mother countrybut at what enormous sacri-fice! And so each war has thus far been the grimparent of a more horrible and greater conflict,when the vanquished have gathered sufficientstrength to fight.As to England, who has repeatedly opposed

Russian aggression in the past, her Prime Ministerstated that ''the merits of the dispute are not theconcern of his Majesty's government. " On August3, 1914, the same Minister declared that Britainis free from any obligation to any other Power, andthat there is no reason for her going to war.England did not, however, exert herself particu-larly for peace ; she might, for instance, have plainlywarned both Germany and Russia that she wouldresist, with arms, the unreasonable ambition ofeither of them, if they went to war. On August4th, without negotiations, she severed her apparentlong-standing friendship with Austria and Ger-many, and declared war upon the latter countryfor the ostensible reason that Germany violatedBelgium neutrality, but as a matter of fact

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because Britain was seeking all along for an excuseto enter into the maelstrom. Germany and Austriatried in many ways to secure England's neutrality,and Germany asked her upon what terms shewould remain neutral; she refused to commit her-self, but merely hinted that she could not standcalmly by if France was molested, and if Belgiumhad not furnished her a good pretext, she wouldhave found some other excuse for joining forceswith the other countries. The real reason forgoing to war is that Britain has acquired the habitof fighting for what is termed the "balance ofpower, " a chimera which has no particular weight,for while English territory in Europe remains thesame, the balance of power is always differentafter each European war. A serious questionarises as to whether her policy will not act as aboomerang in this case, for if Russia comes outvictorious and over-balances all the other nationsin power, it would be worse for the world in generaland for England in particular. Moreover it willbe just as difficult to get rid of Russia's militarismas of Germany's. In all fairness, why should Eng-land have greater right than anyone else at sea?Would John Bull dare to bully the rest of theworld and say that he has the right to searchneutral vessels bound for neutral ports and con-fiscate food supplies, if he did not have his over-bearing navy? Britain's isolation, which might beused as an argument against her entering into war,is brought forward as one of the reasons for it.The ground that she fought in self-defense beforeanyone commenced to attack her is also un-

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tenable. England seems to be anxious to show offher prowess and what a great Power she is, andevidently believes that she can do so by kilHngoff the greatest number of her own subjects, aswell as numerous innocent people of other coun-tries. And now that she is in the fight, as the mostcivilized of nations let us hope that all this blood-shed will not be in vain, and that she will use allher efforts to compel the Powers to disarm and toabohsh scientific brutal force as a means of settlingdisputes among nations.

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CHAPTER IIIWAR IS WRONG, WASTEFUL, WICKED, AND WANTON

If a man kills a human being or robs him, hecommits a crime. If the killing of one person is acrime, how can the killing of thousands be justifi-able? If the robbing of a single individual bewrong, how can the robbing of an entire com-munity or nation be right?One who commits a crime strikes a blow at the

entire social order. How much greater blow then,is struck at all humanity when the stupendouscrime of strife and slaughter is entered upon?War, a survival of the age of barbarism, hasoutgrown its purpose and usefulness.Time was when the right of might was exalted,

and the profession of arms was a necessary evil.In the early ages when each tribe depended uponitself for existence there was some material reasonfor killing off its neighbors so that the victormight possess the products of the soil from theimmediate vicinity. But now, when the entireworld is united by telegraph wires and wirelesstelegraphs, when we have all kinds of rapidtransportation and mutual obligations and inter-ests, and where the comforts of modem life depend

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upon such a variety of wares produced by such avariety of races in such a variety of parts of theglobe, it seems the height of folly to kill off peoplewho contribute to the supply of our necessities.Not only are great numbers of laborers destroyed,but many scientists, poets, inventors, and other

thinkers who might have enriched the world, arewantonly sacrificed to the God of War.Even victory does not begin to compensate.

Where the winning nation succeeds in annexingforeign territory, it obtains at the same time aconstant source of strife in its body politic. Forexample, after all these years Alsace and Lorraine,annexed by Germany at the end of the Franco-Prussian War, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, takenover by Austria, have been like a thorn in the fleshof the victorious kingdoms and are still largecauses of the present strife. People have becomemore educated and resent being taken over anddriven like sheep. Hardly a single subject of theconquering nations has benefited one jot by theannexation of additional territory. On the con-trary, the citizens of those countries are mulctedwith additional taxes in order to keep thevanquished land in subjection.The other reward of victory is the exaction by

the conqueror of indemnity, but even if the de-pleted treasuries of the victors are refilled for awhile by such blood money, the conquerors cannever be repaid for the loss of useful manhoodand talent in their kingdom. Ask the heartbrokenmothers, widows, and orphans what price theyconsider would repay them for the loss of their

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dear ones. Withal, statlotics will show that greatpoverty and depression have been the lot of a vic-torious nation after receiving the spoils of the war.How then about the unfortunate vanquished?To what depths of despair are its broken-down,defeated people driven by the awful waste an".tragedy of war? Does it not seem like madnessfor civilized nations to engage and continue inwarfare, when they ha.^e so much to lose and scHttle to gain therefrom? And yet, here we havesome of the most civilized nations of Europe en-gaging in primeval strife with modern scientificweapons of destruction and only agreeing blindlynot to resort to pacific measures and civilized arbi-tration.A question arises whether treaties or agree-ments between nations are worth the paper theyare written upon. Is it not a disgrace to humanitythat great Powers should not have as true a senseof honor as an ordinary honest man? What is theuse of cultured Germany utilizing the word "honor"as when her statesmen talk of being in honorbound to support her ally Austria or speak ofpeace with honor, when she unhesitatingly breaksher agreement about Belgium and Luxemburg andattempts to rob their sovereigns and people ofeverything they possess? If nations make andbreak contracts at will as they did in Korea andChina, why should they claim that they go to warto uphold treaties as England did about Belgiumand Japan in regard to England? Perhaps thisis a new-found virtue in their diplomacy and notan old time self-vSeeking policy. At the end of the

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Crimean War, in the Congress of Paris, there wasadded to the Peace Treaty a distinct clause to theeffect that the Powers would submit all theirdifferences to mediation and arbitration beforegoing to war. Why did not Great Britain callattention to existing treaties for mediation be-tween the great Powers before engaging in war ; asordinary individuals would have done if they hadwritten contracts between themselves? Why didnot poor Franz Joseph, who had been through somany of the castastrophes of war, remember thathis government had agreed to arbitrate before hepermitted the war party to start the dreadfulcataclysm that is laying his kingdom and Europein waste? Why did not the dread Czar of Russiathink of his humane professions and pledges ofpeace before he unleashed his feudal hordes fordeath and destruction? And finally, fair France,the Pleasure Ground of the World, and the seat ofEuropean Democracy, why did not she recall theInternational Tribunal wherein her disputes mighthave been adjusted and thus save her peoplefrom the most dreadful of all scourges which isdevastating and depopulating her own and otherlands?

Cannot these rulers see that the entire idea ofcruel strife has become revolting to the modernmind; that right-thinking men cannot exalt theart of war, which after all its tactics and strategy,merely amounts to crushing, by fair means or foul,a lot of men, who are styled the enemy, andannihilating them in the most cruel manner, andparticularly in hitting them when they are down,

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and if perchance they try to run away in anattempt to preserve their Hves, unmercifullycutting them to pieces?How can humane persons glorify such horrorsor the awful atrocities committed in every war,such as the destroying and burning of villages,churches, and cities that are in the way of theJuggernaut of a marching army, and where manyinnocent non-combatants of all ages are killed andrendered homeless, and whose lifetime savings aredestroyed, lost, and wiped out by the shot of agun?

In this class we may find the recent bombard-ment and destruction of beautiful Louvain, withits forty thousand inhabitants, by the Germans.Then, too, there are the modern terrors of the airfrom which bombs are hurled and dropped uponinoffending and unsuspecting non-combatants, aninstance of which is the recent night attack uponAntwerp, where many women and children werekilled and wounded.And worst of all, we hear from parts of Eastern

Prussia, where the Russians hold forth, and fromother seats of war, of the breakir g out of unbridledpassion of the overtaxed, half-crazed men, whohave been turned into beasts, and who violateyoung girls and women before the eyes of theirhusbands, relatives, and families, causing the mostexcruciating agony to their unfortunate victimsbefore they die from the effects of the heinousviolation of their bodies.And yet there are worthy people who say that

such unspeakable outrages should proceed without21


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protest from anyone. If the voice for humanityand reason is universal and loud enough the powersthat be must hear it and heed it; at all events itcan do no harm to attempt to do good.

It seems almost inconceivable that the civilizedrulers should not hesitate to precipitate all thesehorrors and should see fit so to disregard all moralobligations and teachings of God and man, andviciously set against each other numerous subjectswith orders to kill, maim, wound, and capture, inorder to settle some comparatively trivial injury,or dispute of so-called honor that has arisen, orsome imaginary apprehensions of danger, whenthey might settle any and all such controversiesbetween themselves in the pacific, orderly, andhumane manner provided by The Hague Tribunalor in any other civilized and peaceful manner. Itis human to err, but it is inhuman to proceed withthis terrible error.

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CHAPTER IVPERVERTED PRIDE, PATRIOTISM, AND PASSION

At the beginning of the war a blaze of so-calledpatriotism spread throughout each nation. Menwere everywhere rushing to join the colors of theircountry, king, or government. Party lines werewiped out and public opinion in each belligerentcountry was in favor of the impending war. Asidefrom the heartbreaking parting between membersof families, there was a general enthusiasm as themen left for the front to the strains of martialmusic. If the populace had the foresight to seethat in a short while these departing soldiers whowere leaving in the flower of health, vigor, andmanhood would be driven almost beyond humanendurance and forced to accomplish almost im-possible tasks, and that most of them would bemaimed and wounded, and many of them left onthe field of battle, the cheering would be turnedinto wails of woe and cries of indignation againstthe government who sent out their friends anddear ones to death and disaster.But now the people can see only the glamourand glory of war, and each regards his owncause, whatever that may be, as right, and dares to

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raise his voice calling upon Almighty God to blesstheir unholy expedition of slaughter and strife,and that the Lord of Hosts be on their side andaid them to crush and confound the army of mensent to oppose them, and who are by them styled*'the enemy."The same aggressive patriotic or jingo spirit pre-

vails in their parliaments and law-making bodies.The majority that would generally haggle beforethey would expend any sum, no matter how small,upon any real improvement for their country,now that war is declared are more than ready tofinance the '* human slaughterhouse" and devoteany sum obtainable to promote the worst of allcurses to humanity, known as "War."

It is reported that when Austria declared war onServia, Vienna burst into a ''frenzy of delight."It will be of interest to note with what frenziedfeelings they now regard the numerous reversesof their armies and the ruthless killing of so manyhundreds of thousands of their best youth andmanhood.One feeling may be sure to have been intensified,

and that is the mad lust for blood, which seemsto prevail. The most ferocious beasts of prey donot attack or kill their own kind, and it seemsalmost unbelievable that modern civilized man,with his ages of culture, should be more ferociousthan the wildest beasts that inhabit the jungle.The general public is infected with the warfever and intoxicated by mixed motives that

crystallize into war patriotism. From early child-hood their minds have been perverted and they

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have been made to believe that the entrappingand cruel killing of a lot of innocent men who areknown as '*foes" is the most exalted game ofgames.Each government that is responsible for bring-ing on the war uses all sorts of methods to stimu-

late the war spirit everywhere. It furnishesmilitary spectacles of uniformed marching men andeverywhere is heard the stirring national hymnwhereby a powerful feeling is called up in thebreast and sets the masses to shouting "hurrah!"** There is no time to ask the reason why, there isbut time to do and die."Each government claims that the war is defen-

sive and that its country is in danger. Therewould be no danger of invasion if they did notstir up and bring on the war.

Then, too, many are lead by the spirit ofadventure into the field of battle, the only jfieldwhere most of them have a chance to distinguishthemselves, if they are not themselves extinguished,and they also feel the latent savage instinct forfight aroused in their breasts.Amidst all this there is much of heroism, true

courage, and noble sacrifice. Above all there is agreat expenditure of energy which would be oflasting benefit to humanity and mankind, if turnedinto beneficial channels. The masses do not stopto consider that their opponents are of the samemind, and that both their causes can not be right,and that one most of necessity be wrong. Orwhen they claim that each one is defending it-self from the other, when both are doing all they

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can to attack each other is not reasonable, andthey might remember that an all benevolent Deitywill not listen to their respective prayers when theycall upon Him to help them break his expresscommandment "Thou shalt not kill."Nor do they figure that those whom they arebent upon murdering to the strains of militarymusic and drums have feelings like themselvesand upon their lives depend the existence andhappiness of women and children, and that thecurse of Cain will cling to them to the end oftheir days because they have committed homicide.Heaven forgive them for they know not whatthey do.

There is a general belief that it is glorious andthat we are fulfilling a great duty when we die forour country. That is true when we die for aworthy cause, but what does it avail when our life-blood ebbs away for no cause at all, nay when webring by it the most abject wretchedness to thosewe love and who are dependent upon us for life andsuccor? Is it not more our duty to live a usefullife for our country, wives, children, and families?But in times of war these ideas are perverted

and we watch anxiously the bulletins which per-chance tell of a great victory for our men wherebywe have succeeded in annihilating and laying lowthousands of the enemy, with a loss of probablyonly a few hundred men to ourselves, failing torealize that we have thereby broken thousands ofhearts and homes not only of the enemy, butof our own people as well.That a man should love, honor, and revere his

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country is but natural, but this righteous love isturned into evil passion when it helps to bring uponour country the greatest curse and scourge thatcan befall it, when it plunges the entire landinto desolation, misery, and woe, and robs it of itsyouth and manhood, particularly when we stopto consider that the cause which in most instancesis responsible for wars is simply the groundlessgreed for more territory. "Thou shalt not kill,"should hold good when applied to nations as wellas when applied to individuals, and no right-minded monarch or ruler should attempt to raisehimself on the bloody corpses of men.

Patriotism and honor are given as the chiefcauses for commencing and continuing the dread-ful waste of humanity in which Europe is atpresent engaged. Because England, France, andJapan, as well as poor Belgium wanted to main-tain their honor and in order to keep their wordand uphold their end of the treaty, they have goneinto a quarrel which does not concern them. WhileGermany, Austria, Russia, and Servia profess thatpatriotism for their respective Teuton and Slavicraces is the cause of their present strife. Noneof these Powers have thus far thought of honorwhen they had an opportunity to annex or stealtheir neighbors' lands, and this is particularlytrue of some of the colonies which they haveobtained by such unconscionable methods.Nor do any of them hesitate to use the mostcruel and despicable, inhuman and unfair methods

while they are waging war, for they say "Allis fair in war." But why? Any one of them

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would not hesitate to imprison and execute anyreal patriot who dared to lift his voice in protestagainst their dreadful butcheries and refused toparticipate therein. That they call "treason."As for suggestions of peace, none of them would

think of doing anything so dishonorable or un-patriotic. What! Peace without honor? (What-ever that may be.) And so they continue to cuteach other to pieces.To be Christians, merciful and just, or to prac-

tice any of the real virtues does not seem to be intheir Code of Honor. Their entire attitude, wereit not so tragic, would be most ridiculous. Whatcare they for the millions of men that are sacrificedand ruined so long as they can satisfy their emptyhonor and so-called patriotism?

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CHAPTER VA PLEA FOR PEACE

Peace, lasting peace, is the universal cry.Everyone pretends to want peace, and yet theslaying of the innocent continues on a largerscale than ever before. Crimson blood and bittertears run in rivulets. Thousands of men aretossing about in paroxysms of excruciating pain,praying for cold death to relieve and releasethem from burning injuries. Tens of thousandsof men are driven to distraction, seeking relieffrom unendurable anguish. There are moansand groans from hundreds of thousands who havebeen maimed, wounded, and mowed down bysharp swords and iron missiles that have beenhurled against their defenseless, unresisting fleshand blood. Millions of bereaved mothers, widows,and children are in the throes of great anguish fortheir lost loved ones.And still the work of ruthless slaughter and

destruction proceeds. More and more woimds areinflicted. More and more are added to the list ofwidows, orphans, and cripples. More and morelacerated hearts are crushed. More and moremisery is piled up.

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Is it possible that the civilized rulers do notheed those agonized cries of the tortured millions?Does not all this awful catastrophe appall them.Have they no hearts that they cannot feel for allthese bleeding hearts? Can it be true that theAllied Powers do not realize the magnitude of thehorror already inflicted, when they enter into abond not to make any moves for peace without theconsent of each other, and that this might mean afight to a finisha finish of what? Is it to be afinish of all their vast resources? Is it to be theend of all those millions of misguided men who areengaged in this awful death grapple? It is doubt-ful if the powerful combatants could absolutelydefeat each other even after years of struggle, butwhy not realize at once the terrible futility andcruelty of it all? Why keep up a war that has sofar proven to be the most disastrous in history?Why prolong this incalculable torture and waste?Do all these rulers consider that if they use alltheir combined wealth to continue this giganticstrife they will not have sufficient money to carryon their government and business after the fury ofthis cataclysm has worn itself out, and if they donot stop exterminating all their able-bodied menand boys they will have no one left to carry on theindustries and commerce of the country for thosewho remain behind?

If they kill off their healthy men, where willthey obtain a new supply of strong men to harvesttheir fields and continue their races? Do theyforget that the main reason for the fall of empireshas been the want of strong men to support them?

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Then, if they believe in war, it is not at all unlikelythat they will need all their military forces tosettle the differences between themselves and theirallies. For instance, what if Russia wants morespoils of war than England and France are willingthat she should have?And then so many menhave been pushed back in the scale of civilizationand have been taught that the right of might andbrutal force prevails, that when these much-wronged men are driven to desperation and rise intheir might to pillage and devour all before them,where will they get the men to subdue and suppressthe ruthless red revolt when it rises against them?Travelers tell us what correspondents are notallowed to write that there are already bread riotsin Paris and other cities where people stand up tobe shot down rather than starve to deathayesoon will haggard Famine and dread Pestilencestalk abroad. Never before have they unleashedsuch terrific forces of war on so large a scale, andno one can foretell to what intolerable catastrophesthey may leadOh! why don't they stop beforeit gets beyond their control?

If this terrible struggle continues any longerthe European continent is doomed. Already busi-ness and industry are facing bankruptcy every-where. The intense suffering is growing greaterhourly, and if they permit it to become unbearablethrough starvation their outraged subjects willover-leap all bounds, particularly if they shouldbe so blood-thirsty as to permit this cruel strifeto continue until the cold winter, with its added ter-rors, sets in. Each day that the war is continued

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the chasm between the warring factions growsgreater and is being heaped higher with bleedingcorpses.How can the Powers that be pretend to beChristian or even civilized when they not only-sanction but urge and practice the continuation ofsuch unchristian, barbarous deeds? Europe is nowlike a house divided against itself, when such pre-cepts as " Love thy Enemy" is turned into " Makemore Enemies." Are they not mindful of theday of reckoning when they will stand before thejudgment bar of the King of Kings and answer toHim and to history for the bloody acts of this day?How can these lords of war be so cruel, in-human, and unmindful of their own best interestsas to continue this awful carnage? At all events,why should they not suspend hostilities and see ifthey cannot come to some pacific understanding?

This could do but little harm and would beof great benefit by giving to their bruised andbattered men a chance to recuperate, and it wouldsave thousands of lives of those who come intothe hospitals and other temporary places of refugemuch faster than they can be taken care of, notto mention the numerous wounded who perishdaily among the dead.

If divergent Russia, England, and France couldsettle amicably their differences and enter into amilitary alliance, why could not all the Powersenter into a beneficial alliance for peace? If thebelligerents have not entirely lost all sense of rea-son, justice, humanity, and fairness, they ought toagree upon terms to end not only their present

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miserable contest, but this terrible scourge of warfor all time to come.

Oh, ye Lords of Life and Death,For the sake of suffering humanityFor your own sake, cease this awful waste of war.Intervene to bring about a lasting peace.Halt death and dire destructionHalt desperation and devastation upon land and

sea.Hearken to the agonized cries of the millions whose

bodies, hearts, and spirits lie broken andbleeding in the dust

Raise them up for the upbuilding of their shatteredstrength and usefulness.

Show nobility and true greatness by conqueringignoble and petty greed, hatred, revenge, andperverted ambition.

Think, ''What shall it profit a man if he gain thewhole world and lose his own soul?"

Let the angel of Peace descend upon earth to healthe sick and suffering.

Oh, let the blessing of Peace bring plenty, prosper-ity, and happiness to all mankind. Amen.

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CHAPTER VITHE FOLLY AND FALLACY OF MILITARISM

PROPOSALS FOR PERPETUATING PEACEThe most effective method of obtaining peace is

to remove the causes of war. Great armamentsthe chief cause of jealousy and ill-feeHng amongthe nationsis the first element. If the presentwar has done nothing else it has completely ex-ploded the theory of armed peace. Nobody wouldseriously contend that the maintenance of greatarmies and navies would ensure peace any morethan he would assert that the great destructivepower of modern war implements makes armedcontests between nations impossible. The fallacythat each Power must train and arm itself untilit is stronger than any other is apparent on itsface. So that one of the main excuses for cripplingnational finance and spending vast sums for arma-ments is gone. The stupendous sacrifice of humanlife, property, and art occasioned by the presentwar has aroused such a reaction throughout theworld against martial strife that it is doubtful ifeven the cold-blooded military experts, who tryto show that a nation has a right to engage in war,regardless of the rights of other nations, would

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dare to advocate such outrageous views now.The one hope that looms above all others at presentis that this great sacrifice of man and money shouldnot be in vain and that armed contests should beavoided between different governments and thisterrific and dreadful deluge of blood should stopforever. There would be no cause for the claimof each of the Powers that they are on the defensiveagainst the others because the others are liableto attack them if the Powers were not preparing allthe time for attacking each other. By reducingthe armaments of each nation, millions of dollarswould be saved every year, and there would be atonce enough money from this source to pay theinnumerable loans which the respective countriessecured in order to engage in this war, and eachcountry might well call this a beneficial indemnitythat no one has to pay. Armaments should belimited to such an extent that only sufficient menbe employed to effectually police the nations.This is the only way to guarantee peace for thefuture. The reduction should be in accord withthe percentage of population, the details of whichmight be left to the permanent Court of Arbitra-tion that would have to be established by thePowers at the end of the war.

Racial hatred has never been one of the greatcauses of war. The people of each country gotalong well together until hostilities broke out, andexcept in rare instances have still nothing againsteach other, so that it would not be difficult to burythe hatchet between them for good and all.Russia and France found no difficulty in fraterniz-

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ing with each other after France had fought againstRussia in the Crimean War, and even Turkeyand Bulgaria entered into a friendly understandinga very short time after they had been at eachother's throats. If the European Powers will notsow the seeds of strife and will educate their peopleto the idea that we are all members of the one greathuman family, the universal brotherhood of manwill gradually become an established fact, par-ticularly if the different Powers will show truemagnanimity and generosity by an early conclu-sion of peace. In the United States, for instance,people from all parts of the globe are congregatedin one harmonious community. If we believe thedifferent Powers who are protesting that they werereluctant to enter into war and that they were allkeen for peace, then there is no reason whyhostilities should not be suspended and the Powersstart to arbitrate their differences peacefully wherethey left off when the war began. There is a feel-ing among the rulers that their people would nottolerate peace after the killing and maiminr^ of somany of their men. It is true that the people hadto pay and are paying the appalling toll of carry-ing on this hideous strife, but that is no reason forcontinuing their suffering. The question of send-ing so many men to slaughter should have beenasked by the rulers from the people before thewar started. One of the reforms which this warshould bring about is the dawn of a true de-mocracy, and no war should be declared without avote from all the people who have to pay so dearlyfor it. It is needless to say that after a fair dis-

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cussion no country would vote for woe and war.The rulers themselves should be glad to shiftthe awful responsibility of this terrible tragedyupon the shoulders of the people. Even Bismarck,the original man of blood and iron, stated that nopeople were justified in entering upon war unlessthey were forced to it. If each country will giveits citizens a true constitutional government itreally does not matter under which flag the peoplelive, and this fact ought to help the Powers whenthey are thinking of giving the peoples of Europenew boundaries. Since the people have every-thing to lose and nothing to gain from continuingthe war, there is no time like the present to putan end to it. Another reason assigned for notending the war is that each of the Powers fearsthat its opponents will think it afraid and for thatreason try to exact prohibitive terms of peace.This feeling might be overcome by the UnitedStates inviting all the Powers, including the com-batants, to a congress in New York, where thesubject of partial disarmament beginning at somefuture date might be discussed and settled. Thisought to give the Powers an excuse to suspendhostilities until a decision is arrived at by suchcongress. The subject of perpetuating peace wouldnaturally come up at their session, and, afterparley, the belligerent Powers might come to anunderstanding and get together by signing a peacetreaty, not only for their own benefit, but for thebenefit of the rest of the world.The unification of human races and the promo-

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thinkers since the early ages. Podiebrad, King ofBohemia, first suggested *'a league of peace,"which did not materialize on account of the divS-approval of cruel Louis XL of France. KingHenry IV. of France next proposed to the EuropeanPowers a federation of their states for maintainingpeace. Austria, which was at that time powerful,but whose power has since then gradually dimin-ished with each disastrous war, opposed this federa-tion, so that the European Powers resolved tofight for peace and to whip Austria into line.Henry IV. was to lead the campaign, but this be-nevolent monarch was, in 1610, assassinated by aninsane monk who believed that war was necessary.The curse of war was resumed, the rulers attempt-ing the impractical idea of conquering their neigh-bors and the rest of the world. Napoleon III.was the next monarch who strove for peace, butwas defeated by the machinations of Bismarck,who forced upon France the disastrous war in1870. The next monarch to strive for peace is thepresent Kaiser. Immediately after ascending thethrone he was very active in the peace movement.But it seems when it was proposed that he give upAlsace-Lorraine for the sake of peace, he preferredthe chances of war. We next find the Czar ofRussia calling a peace congress which providedfor successful arbitration as far as it went, but itdid not go far enough. While the arbitrators,appointed in each instance, have settled all dis-putes that have thus far arisen between nationsin a more satisfactory manner than they couldpossibly be adjusted by war, there was no perma-

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nent court of arbitration and no provisions forenforcing the mandate of The Hague Tribunal.Therefore, the first necessity of the present is apermanent Court of Arbitration, where each Powerwould be represented by a number of its owninternational lawyers or judges. This Court shouldsit in permanent session in order to administerinternational law as well as guard the peace of theworld at all times. Any ex-parte business could beattended to by a single judge, while importantinternational disputes should be passed upon byan entire court, and their decision should be bind-ing on all the Powers, and there should be anagreement that if a nation should so far forget itsobligations as to refuse to abide by the judgmentof this high court all the other nations shouldenforce the judgment. Such refusal is not likelyto happen when a country knows that that istantamount to national suicide. If any nationhas at any time any dispute with another nation,it could cite that other nation to appear before thistribunal, by summons or otherwise, as is done atpresent in ordinary courts of law. The federationof governments would take over the factories whereengines of destruction are made and discouragethat awful industry, so that the millions used atpresent in preparing for war could be utilized forpromoting peaceful industry and education. Theonly rivalry between nations should be as to whichof its subjects are better governed and madehappier. A new era of reason, justice, and frater-nity will then dawn upon the earth and martialmurder will cease forever.

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An Informal IndictmentThe High Court of Public Opinion and History

XTHE PEOPLE OF THE EARTH

Complainantagainst

THE RULERS WHO ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR BRINGINGABOUT THE WAR OF I914

Defendants XHumanity, by this indictment, accuses the rulers,

who brought about the War of 1914, with the highcrimes of treason, wholesale homicide, wholesalerobbery, and other crimes and misdemeanors com-mitted and perpetrated as follows:That in the civiHzed continent of Europe, inthis enlightened age in the summer of 19 14, thedefendants, without good cause and reasonableprovocation, and against the interest and peace ofthe people, did levy war upon their neighbors, andby treachery, trickery, and intimidation compelthe flower of their manhood to expose themselvesto the fire of guns and to other scientific instru-ments of death and destruction, thereby to re-ceive millions of wounds, many of which haveproved mortal; and to expose their bodies to bemutilated and destroyed in their members andorgans; and those subject to their rule wereinstigated, commanded, and compelled to endeavorto inflict like injuries upon other innocent humanbeings with whom they had no quarrel;

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That the defendants by intimidation and vio-lence took away the property of numerous peopleand caused the loss and destruction of the accumu-lated wealth of agesThat thousands upon thousands were taken awayfrom their homes and families, and women were

deprived of the care and society of their husbands,of their means of support, and of their naturalmates, and defendants caused great agony, pain,and physical suffering throughout their lands, andthe perpetrators of these iniquities are now calledto the judgment bar that they may be dealt withaccording to law and justice.

THE END

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Documents

Great Crime of 1914