Great History of Rakhaing (ဓညဝတီ ရခိုင္ မဟာရာဇဝင္ေတာ္ၾကီး)

&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;&cdkifr[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;

1


(yxr "n0wD)(yxr "n0wD)(yxr "n0wD)(yxr "n0wD)

om;awmfpEN&mrif;// ‚om;awmfaZ,pEN&mrif;? ‚rif;.om; awmfarmuQpEN&mrif;? ‚rif;.om;awmf*kepEN&mrif;? ‚rif;.om; awmf ol&d,i,fonf om;=uD;qkH;jzpfonf// ‚rif;.om;awmf uH&m Zm=uD;/ bDoENmrdzk&m;ESifh 'kwd,a0omvDjrdK@udk zsufjyD;v#if/ "n0wD jrdK@awmfudkwnfawmfrlavownf;// 1// uHZmi,frif;quf [email protected]=umif;?1// uHZmi,frif;quf [email protected]=umif;?1// uHZmi,frif;quf [email protected]=umif;?1// uHZmi,frif;quf [email protected]=umif;?

xdkodk@uH&mZm=uD;ESifhbDoENmrdzk&m;ESifhzGm;jrifawmfrlaom uH&mZmi,f onf zcrnf;awmfewf&GmvGefjyD;v#if/ "n0'DjrdK@awmfY eef;wufawmfrl avonf//

‚rif;.om;awmftdENol&d,rif;/ ‚.om;awmf tol&dENol&d,rif;? ‚om;awmf0&rdwWrif;// ‚rif;.om;awmfodD&dykwWrif;/ ‚rif;om; awmfol&d,rif;/ ‚rif;.om;awmfrif;xD;/ ‚rif;.om;awmf rif;bm// ‚rif;.om;awmf pnfabmifrif;? ‚rif;om;awmfuHwdkif;oifrif;? ‚rif;nDawmf ausmfacgifpifrif;? ‚rif;om;awmfol&d,pEN0dwfrif;? ‚rif;om;awmfteEMw,rif;?‚rif;om;awmfvusFmpnfolrif;=uD;? ‚rif;.om;awmf od[*krBDrif;? ‚rif;.om;awmf tkHrf;vDrif;? ‚ rif;om;awmfy'yfarG;rif;? ‚rif;om;awmf aZ,eHolrif;? ‚rif;. om;awmfouU"rif;? ‚rif;om;awmf oD0&m*frif;/ ‚rif;om; awmfrif;vSar$;rif;? ‚rif;om;awmf e&dENp// ‚rif;om;awmf od'<ukrRm&rif;? ‚rif;om;awmfrif;vS=uD;/ rif;vSi,f[k ESpfyg;&Sdawmf rlavonf// ‚rif;om;awmf ov&mZmrif;? ‚rif;om;awmf. rdzk&m;eENbD? ‚rif;.om;awmfeEN&d*E<b?D ‚rif;om;awmfpENol&d, rif;?


2

rdzk&m;*E<bD? ‚rif;.om;awmfpENmol&d,rif;? rdzk&m;"eHbD 4if;rif;.om;awmf ol&eENmrif; rdzk&mm; ok&eENm? ‚rif;. om;awmfonf rif;quftqHkrf;Y rif;qufuH&mZm=uD; tEG,fawmf (28) quf&Sdavonf? 25? "n0'DjrdKwnfvsuf xdk@aemuf‚r[mEG,frif;[email protected],fawmfrif; a0omvDausmufavSum; quftAd&mZmrif;eef;wufawmfrlavonf? jrdL@ESifhqufvsufae=uaom xdktcgom;awmfpENdrm? rdzk&m;pEN&moD? rif;[email protected]=umif;? 4if;rif;om;oD&dpENrif;// rdzk&m;rm&bD? ‚rif; nDawmf [&rif;rDzk&m;0dokrdbD? ‚rif;om;awmfoD[Ekrif;? rdzk&m;prmbD? ‚rif;om;awmfy,murif;? rdzk&m;a&m[eEND? ‚rif; om;awmfeDv*k%rif; rdzk&m;rmEkbD? ‚rif;om;awmf a&m[*keD rif;? rdzk&m;a&m[eHbD// ‚rif;om;awmf oD&d*kerif;? rdzk&m;ormbD? ‚rif;wlawmf orefZmrif; rdzk&m;*ENmbD? ‚rif;om;awmf ukrRm &rif; rdzk&m;bmok0? ‚rif;om;awmfoufuDjzlrif; rdzk&m;*D&d ukrRm&D// ‚rif;om;awmfowif;OD; rdzk&m;rmvm&ef? ‚rif;om;awmf aZw0ef rdzk&m;vm%m&D? ‚rif; om;awmfrnDP,ygrif; rdzk&m;oD'g&? ‚rif;om;awmfukrRm&0dokurif; rdzk&m; a&$Zif;=uef? ‚rif;om; awmf0gokr¾vrif;rdzk&m;rnPLem&D// **F,smOf ‚rif;om;awmfol&dENrif; ? 4ifrif;nDawmf &mvrpukrif;? ‚rif;om;awmf emvr,krif; rdzk&m;0gokr?‚rif;om;awmf0"ukefrif; rdzk&m;orRmbD? ‚rif;om;awmf0dokk&mZmrif; rdzk&m; umuok%? ‚rif;om;awmfoD&d&mZmrif;. rdzk&m; ukrRm&H uzGg;jrifawmfrlaom pENmol&d,rif;jrwf rdzk&m; pENrmvm? pENa'0D? urR&ma'0D// rdzk&m; oHk;yg;ESifh eef;pefawmfrlavonf? ‚rif;onf a*g"rRbk&m; yGifh awmf rlI bk&m;udkawmfjrwf.udkpm;awmfjzpfaom? r[mrk%D&kyf&Sif awmf jrwfudk oGrf;vkyfvsuf udk;uG,fawm f rlavonf? ouU&mZf(147) ckeSpf jzpfavonf// 4ifouU&mZfonf// bdk;awmf tOP%rif; ouU&mZf jzpfavonf? ‚rif;om;awmf ol&d,m"dAwdrif; rdzk&m;ol&d,m&HoDrdzk&m;onf? eSpfr&if;ok0Àuv#m wnf;[laom pENol&d, rif;qufaygif; (24)quftqHk; ol&d, wdkif;pEN&mrif; (9)


3

qufwGiftqHkrf;rif; plvwnP pEN&mrif;jzpfavonf? xdkrif;wdk honf? "n0'DjrdK hudkzsufjyD;v#if? wwd,a0omvDjrdK@wnfIrif;vkyfawmfrl=u avonf// ‚udk;quftqHkrf;rif;. om;awmfirifiwHk;rif;i,fonf? tjrxltjr ulyJjzljrHkrf;rif;wd@konf a0omvDjrdk hawmfY rif;vkyfvsuf&Sd aeaoma=umifh/ aemifawmfacwWoifrif;eSifh yk*~HjynfY? tavmif; pnfolrif;tm; ta=umif;=um;=uavonf? xdktcg tavmif;pnfol onf a0omvD jrdKhawmfodk@csD wufvmjyD;v#if?jrLrif;wdk@udk az&Sm;jyD; v#if cdwWoifrif;udk eef;wifawmfrlcJhavonf? ouU&mZfaomfum; (416)ckESpfjzpfavonf? ?ol&d,a&Eka'ga'g&o udrf; jzdhK;jyD;rS ouU &mZfjzpfavonf? cdwWoifrif;onfa0omvDjrdKh teD;uHoHk;qifhjrdK hY ewf&GmpHavonf? prB0ufjrdKhESifhy&drprB0ufjrdKhESifhy&drprB0ufjrdKhESifhy&drprB0ufjrdKhESifhy&drff xdkaemufirifiwHkrif;onf?a0omvDjrdK@udkzsufjyD; jrdKhawmfwdkhYrif;qufwdkrdKhawmfwdkhYrif;qufwdkrdKhawmfwdkhYrif;qufwdkrdKhawmfwdkhYrif;qufwdk@ v#if? prB0ufjrdK@odk@ajymif;awmfrlavonf? .ta=umif;?.ta=umif;?.ta=umif;?.ta=umif;? om;awmf pENoifrif;? ‚rif;om;awmf rif;&if jzLrif;? xdkrif;onf yOPjrdK hodk h=uGawmfrlavonf? ‚rif; om;awmf em*ol&d,rif;? ‚rif;om;awmf ol&d,&mZmrif;? ‚rif;om;awmf aumvD,rif;? ‚rif;vufxufY r[mrk%dbk&m;udk &Srf;wdk hvmI zsuf=uav&m r&Ekdifay; xm;cJh&avonf? ‚rif;om;awmf rif;jzL=uD; ?‚rif;om;awmfpnfobifrif;? ‚rif;.aemifawmfrif;eefol? ‚rif; .om;awmfonfrif;vmaw? ‚rif;om;awmf rif;ukvm;? ‚rif; om;awmfrif;bDvl;? ‚riffom;awmf 0a&mif;iSuf? xdktcgtrwf oifc&moOf wdkif;jynfudkykef*efIrif;vkyfaeonf? xdkrif;udk 0a&mif; iSufrif;u ykef*efjyD;v#if rdzk&m;apmppfESifh eef;wufawmfrlavonf? xdkaemufaemifawmfrif;oHeef;wufawmfrlavonf? ‚rif;om;awmf rif;ywd? ‚rif;om;awmf vusfmrif;eef ‚vusfmrif;eefonf prB0ufjrdK@rSy&drfjrdK@odk@ajymif;jyD;v#if? eef;pefawmfrlavonf? ouU&mZf (515 ) ckESpfjzpfavonf? ‚rif;.om;awmfoD[bmrif;? ‚rif;om; &mZm=uD;rif;? ‚rif;om;om*D0if=uD;? ‚rif;om; om*D0ifi,f? ‚rif;. om;awmfaumvd,rif;jrwfonf ouU&mZf (562)


4

ckqyOPrudrf;aumpmudk? &Siftm&[ef yk*~dKvfESifhwuG jzdKzsufjyD;v#if t =uGif;ouU&mZf (2) ckxm;vsuf ouU&mZfawmfjydKavonf? xdkrif; onfouU&mZf(33)ckESpfwGif r[mxD;bk&m;udk wnfawmfrlavonf? ‚rif;om;awmf 'o&mZmrif;jrwfonf? owdk;awmfu? r[m rk%djr&Sifawmfjrwfudk? uwnKwawmifodk@ ajymif;awmfrlav oOf? ‚rif;om; awmf eEN oD&d. rif;bkef;pm;nDawmfonf? prBmufjrdKhY&[ef;vkyfaeavonf? xdk@aemuf ynPum0grif;onf?jcdyfjrdK@ odk@ajymif;vsufcdwW,m,Drif;vkyfawmfrlavonf// ‚rif;om;awmfudEM&lay? rif;onfy&drfjrdK@odk@oGm;avonf? ‚rif; om;awmf yOPLoif;rif;wdkif;cspfrif;[l.‚rif;om;awmfa&mrfrm&frif;? ‚rif;om; awmfiyHk*Hrif;? ‚rif;om;awmfa&cdkifrif;? ‚rif;om;awmf i=uHKrif;? ‚rif;om;awmfiqlrif;? ‚rif;om;awmfiqG,foif;rif;? ‚rif; om;awmfrif;acgif=uD;? ‚rif;om;awmf rif;acgifi,f? ‚rif; om;awmfurBmavmif=uD;? ‚rif;om;awmf urBmavmifi,f? ‚rif; om;awmfvusfm0if;=uD;rif;onfouU&mZf(470)jynfhwGiffzcrnf;awmf rif;jrwfewf&GmvGefI? om;awmfrif;jrwf eef;wufawmfrlaomtcg? pnfbwW&mrnfaom ynm&SdtrwfESifhjrdK@ajymif;rnf r=uHjzpfawmfrlI y&drfjrdKhawmfY edrdwf=wif;wdk@udk a=uh&_awmfrl&m? y&[email protected]% 'DjrpfwzufY? awm=uuf rwaumif onf? uef;,efYaejyD; v#if?jrdKhawmf. uef;,efY aeaom tdef=uufzudk ausG;ausmf Iac: ae aomt&mudk trwfESifh rif;onfjrifawmfrl=uavI edrdwftm;jzifh =uOfhvsuf aepnftcg wdkif;jynfutdef=uufzoOf jrpfwbufYusGJ; ausmfvsufac:aeaom=uufrtxHodkhjrpfudk jyeforf;vsuf vdkufvm jcif; udkjrif=uI? edrdwfzwf=uav&m/ trwfuaumHouonfrSm? a&S;xHk;a[mif;"rRwmw&m;wdk@onfum;? tzdkaqmif&m trygonf[k "rRwmw&m;&Sdjcif;udk,cktcg traqmif&m tzdkygavjcif;onf? wdkif;jynfESifhwuGigbk&ifrif;jrwfonf?=uufzdkvf ajymif;aom bdouJhodk@ edrdwfudk,lvsufajymif;oifhayonf[kaumufawmfrlI? ouU&mZf (471) ckESpfwGif? tdefaxmifazGHh"rf =uufzulaomjcif;r*Fvm,l=u vsufy&drfjrdKh awmfudkzsufjyD;v#if/ tOP%e'D jrpfwzufY? =uufr*Fvm udkaqmif


5

awmfrlvsuftrnfynmyfjrdK@awmfudkorkyftyfoOfum avmif;=uwf jrdKh[k wnfh awmfrl I? eef;pefawmfrlavonf? 27? avmif;=uwfjrdK hYrif; avmif;=uwfjrdK hYrif; avmif;=uwfjrdK hYrif; avmif;=uwfjrdK hYrif; ‚rif;. om;awmf vusfm0if;i,f? ‚ qufwdkh.ta=umif;qufwdkh.ta=umif;qufwdkh.ta=umif;qufwdkh.ta=umif; rif;.om;awmfoeoif;rif; ‚rif;om;. om;awmfaeodrfrif; ? ‚rif;om;awmfaevkrfrif;? ‚rif;om;awmf tavmrmjzLrif;// ‚rif;onfwudkvHkrf0g*Grf;uJhodk@jzlpifEknrfhaomt rGJ;wdk@onf// ayguf&Sdavaoma=umif;/ tavmfrmjzLrif;[kac:=uav onf// ‚rif;om;awmf&mZmol=uD;rif;? ‚rif;om;awmfrif;apmvl;// ‚rif;om;awmf tkZPsem=uD;rif;// ‚rif;om;awmf apmrGef=uD;// ‚rif; om;awmfeef;usm;=uD;// ‚rif;om;awmfrif;AD;vl;// ‚rif;om;awmf pnfobif// ‚rif;nDawmfrif; xD;rif;jrwfoOftoufawmf (7)ESpfwGif eef;wufawmfrlavonf// ‚rif;om;awmfOKZ…emi,f// ‚nDawmf oD0&mZfrif;// ‚rif;nDawmfodrf;pnf;rif;// ‚rif;om;awmf&mZolrif;// ‚rif;om;awmfpnfobif=uD;rif;// ‚rif;.tEG,fawmfjrifpOf=uD;rif;// ‚rif;tEG,fawmf&mZolrif;/‚rif;nDawmfod*Folrif;// ‚rif;om; awmfoCF&mZm=uD;rif;// rdzk&m;jrwf,snfom// ‚rif;.om;awmf 0&"rRrif;// ‚rif;. om;awmfe&Ekrif;// nDawmfe&rdwf vSrif;ESpfyg;wdk@ onf?ouU&mZf(763)ESpfwGifzcnf;awmfrif;jrwfewf&GmawmfrlavI// om;awmf=uD; e&Ekrif;oOfeef;wufawmfrljyD;v#if//nDawmfe&rdwfvSudk 'Gg&m0wDoH'GJ;jrdK@udk aytyfawmfrlavonf// xdktcg e&Ekrif;tm;wvdkif; &mZm'&kdufrif; trwf=uD;oDR;awmfa&$qkHESifhavS@ywfvsuf bk&ifrif;tm; qufawmfrljyD;v#if/ wdkif;&if;Y&Sdaom trwfwdk@ESifh bk&ifrif;ESifhoabm rr#apjcif;Xg rdbk&m;a&$qkH u=uHa&Gvsuf// xdkwdkif;&if;trwfynm &Sdwdk@udk nDawmfaeaom'Gg&m0wDjrdK@odk@ bk&ifrif;trdef@tmemjzifh ajymif; &=uavonf// xdktcg avmif;=uufjrdK@awmfY/ wvdkif;trwf=uD; azgif awZm/ vusFm}uD;/ wvdkif;armifcGifwdk@udk wdkif;jynfY trwfynm&Sd jyKvkyfvsufxm;awmfrlavoOf// xdktcg ‚trwf=uD;wdk@onf wdkif;jynf udk rdrdwdk@vufodk@a&mufaomtcg/ [email protected]&ifwvdkif; &mZm'&kduf rif; udkpmv$mjzifhavmif;=uufjrdK@udk odrf;ypfawmfrl&rf apv$wfawmfrl jyD;I 4if;rif;onf csDwufawmfrlvm+yD;v#if avmif;=uufòr@awmfudk odrf;


6

ypfawmfrlI// ‚wdkif;jynfudkxdrf;odrf; apmifha&SmHtkyfcsLyf ap&rf/ txufqdkchJaom wvdkif;trwfoHk;a,[email protected]@ ouU&mZf (766)ckESpf aumZmwGifjrdK@ysufI// e&Ekrif;onf tdjEdN,wdkif;'DvDjrdK@ awmfudk tkyfpdk;pefaeawmfrlaom// &krfygo#mrif;txHY ppfyefawmf rljyD;v#if/ ‚rif;jrwfonfcsDwufawmfrlvmjyD;aomf// avmif;=uufjrdK@ awmfY wvdkif;trwf=uD;wdk@udk az&Sm;okyfoifawmfrljyD;v#uf// bk&if e&Ekrif;apmrGeftm; ‚jrdK@awmfY rif;tjzpfjzifh tyfawmfrlavoOfum; ouU&mZf (767) ckESpf jzpfavonf// avmif;=uufjrdK@udkjzdKavmif;=uufjrdK@udkjzdKavmif;=uufjrdK@udkjzdKavmif;=uufjrdK@udkjzdK xdk@aemHouU&mZf(792)ckESpfwGif avmif;=uufjrdK@. zsufIajrmufOD;jrdK@awmfzsufIajrmufOD;jrdK@awmfzsufIajrmufOD;jrdK@awmfzsufIajrmufOD;jrdK@awmf eef;awmfY// rdkCf;j*dK[f; usjcif;/ ief;usm; wnfjyD;v#ifeefwnfjyD;v#ifeefwnfjyD;v#ifeefwnfjyD;v#ifeef;pefawmf;pefawmf;pefawmf;pefawmf ajrG=uD; eef;awmfxufodk@ wufjcif;/ rlaom rif;[email protected]=umif; rlaom rif;[email protected]=umif; rlaom rif;[email protected]=umif; rlaom rif;[email protected]=umif; iSufqdk; Xuf,kwfem;0ifjcif;jzifh jzpfavaom a=umifh// qdkchJaomaumZmouU&mZfwGif jrdK@ajymif;awmfrlI eef;wOf awmfrl&yfxmeudk &SmawmfrloOf// trwfynm&SdESpfa,mufwdk@onf &=udKifawmYqpfarsm=uavv#if// ‚awmwGifjy0gopfyifwGiftxuf zsm;Y a'gif;wrtopfwGifOD;vsuf0yfaeavonf// ‚awm.opfyifY vnf; arsmufwa*gifxdkifaejcif;rsm;udk =uOf@ae&m/ ‚arsmufonf a'gif;opfuOD;udk,laqmifjyD;v#if ajr=uD;YpGrfhavoOf/ xdkodk@jyKjcif;udk jrifI ynm&Sdwdk@edrdwfaumufav&m arsmufrSm&mr// a'gif;rSmrlv jzpfavonfESifh/ igwdk hrif;vnf;/ =umomya';om;/opfvnf;jy0gopf? arsmufvnf;=uomya';/ a'gif;paeeHjzpfavI? eHj*dKrftm;jzifh (10) qufwGift"dy"drif;ay:p&m&Sdavonf? arsmufvufxufY OD;udkydkif onfESifh ajrmufOD;[kac:oifhayonf? ‚jrdK@awmfudk jzdKzsufjyD;v#if/ ajr0HOD;jrdK@awmfudk jrdK hwnfeef;wnfawmfrlI? e&Ekrif;apmrGefoOfeef; pefawmfrlavonf? ‚rif;ouU&mZf (794) ckESpf ewf&GmvGefI/ nDawmfe&rdwfvSrif;c&Donf rdzk&m;apmjynfhndkESifh eef;wufawmf rlavonf? xdkrif;jrwfonf/ avmif;=uufjrdKhawmfa[mif;u? paENm&mromoemydkifoCFmawmfjrwfudk wyOfh&[ef;awmf (1000) ESifhwuGyifhzdwfjyD;v#if ajrmufOD;jrdKhawmfY? wdkufawmfazHGhpnf;jyK vkyfvsuf udk;uG,fawmfrlavonf? xdktcg rkwfav;wef ap'Dawmf


7

jrwfESifh jrwef;aqmifap'DawmfjrwfESpfqludkvnf;? wnfawmfrl vsuf udk; uG,fawmfrlavonf? xdk@aemH ouU&mZf(821) ckESpfewf&Gm vGefawmfrlI? zapmjzLapmrGefrif;onf eef;wufawmfrlavonf? ‚rif;udkuvro#m vOf;[l. ac:=uukefonf? ‚rif;onf ouU &mZf (844) ckESpfwGif ewf&GmvGefawmfrlI? ‚rif;.om;awmf rif;a'g v#mapmrGefrif; eef;wufawmfrlavonf? ‚rif;udk armifckv#m vnf;[l.? ac:=uavonf? xdk@aemufouU&mZf (854) ckESpf ewf&GmvGefawmfrlavI? yxGJawmf zapmndSkrif;apmrGefonf eef; wufawmfrlavonf? ‚rif;udk r[mrwfo#mvnf; ac:=uavonf? xdkrif;onfouU&mZf(856)ckESpf ewf&GmvGefawmfrlI? rif;&rfatmif rif;apmrGefonf eef;wufawmfrlavonf? ‚rif;udk&DSo#mvOf; ac:=u avonf? ‚rif;jrwfonf xlyg&krfwdkufawmfESifh? awmifndkwdkuf awmfwdk@udkazGHhpOf;jyKvkyfvsuf? oCFmawmfjrwfwdk@tm;? ukd;uG,f awmfrlavonf xdktcg 'Dyg&krf ap'Dawmfjrwfudkvnf; wOfxm;udk; uG,fawmfrlavonf? ‚rif;onf ouU&mZf(863)ckESpfwGif ewf&Gm vGefawmfrlI? odE~olrif;apmrGefonfeef;wufawmfrlavonf? ‚rif;udka'gvmo#m[kvnf;ac:=uonf? ‚rif;jrwfonfawZm&m rwdkufawmfESifhawZm&mr r[map'Dawmfjrwfwql wnfawmfrljyD; v#if/ oCFmawmfjrwfwdk@ESifhwuG ‚apwDawmfjrwfudk ylaZmf& [jyKawmf rlavonf? xdktcg4ifrif;jrwf. oRD;awmftaemfZm rif;oRD; onf? xlyg&krfausmif;wdkufawmfY udkpm;awmfjzpfaom bk&m;&kyfyGg; awmfjrwfwql taemfrmbk&m;[k r[modrfawmf=uD;aqmufvkyfvsuf udk;uG,fawmfrlavonf? ‚rif;jrwfonf ouU&mZf(885) ckESpf wGifewf&Gm vGefawmfrlavI? rif;vS&mZm rif;apmrGefonf eef;wuf awmfrlavonf? ‚rif;jrwfYom;awmf*%Smy'd? zapmoD&d[k om; ESpfa,mH&Sdav onf? xdktcg awmifpnfc&kdif vrkjcDrif;jyift&yfY? olyHk;x=uGIom; awmfti,f zapmoD&dudkjzdKzsuf&rfv$wfawmfrlavI? &rfolwdk@ukd atmifjrif awmfrljcif;a=umifh? 4ifae&yfudkjrdK@pm; ay;tyf awmfrlavonf? ‚rif;jrwfonf ouU&mZf (886) ckESpf ewf&Gm pefvGefawmfrlavI? om;awmf=uD; *%Smy'd rif;apmrGefonf eef;wufawmfrlavonf? xdktcg y&drfòr@awmfa[mif;u? a'ga'g&mZm


8

[kcefjyD;v#ifajrmufOD;jrdK@awmfudk ykef*efavI? ‚*%Smy'D rif;apm rGefonf? a0omvDausmufavSum;jrdKhawmfa[mif;rS (7)&ufxGufcGg vsuf wdef;a&SmifjyD;v#ifaeavonf// xdktcgnDzapmoD&drif;jyif pm; onf =um;odawmfrlavv#if &rR0'D/ 'Gg&m0'DjrdK@awmfa[mif;wdk@Y &Sd=uaom vlrsm;wdk@udkqifhqdkac:aqmifpk&krf;jyD;v#if ajrmHOD;jrdK@awmfY// a'ga'g&mZm oufolyHk;udk// ESdrfeif;ydjym; okyfoif&Sif;vif;awmfrlav jyD;v#if// aemifawmf*%Sy'drif;tm; jrdK@awmfudktyfESif;awmfrlavonf// aemifawmfjrwfvnf; nDawmftm;jrdK@awmfY &yfawmfaps;pm;usJ;udkt ydkifpm;ay;tyfawmfrljyD;v#if// [email protected];Y yef;aps;ajrmif;usKHrf; awmfY// tdefa&S•peftjzpfjzifh// tdefawmfr*FvmESifhxm; awmfrlavonf// xdkaemufaemifawmfjrwfonfouU&mZf(887)ckESpf ewf&GmpHawmf rlavI yaxG;awmfZvwWmrif;apmrGefonf eef;wufawmf rlavonf? 29/ZvwWmrif;apmrGef ESifhoZmwmrif;wdk@. ta=umif;ESifhzapmapmrG xdkZvwWmrif;apmrGef vufxufawmfY oD&drif;jympm;tdefa&S•pef jrdK@awmfwGif waygifay:av&mwGif c .ta=umif;// &rf;oD; vufaumuf ajymifajymif awmuf// ZD;rma0 avmif;AGefajymuf[k jrdK@&Gmwdk@wdk@Y oli,fwdk@E_yf zsm;Y [pfatmfjcif;udk =um;av&m// zapmoD&d tdefa&S•pefonf trwf ynm&Sdwdk@ESifh wdkifyifESD;aESmjyD;v#if/ aumif;aomedrdwfudkaqmifawmf rlI// jrwef;aqmif. ap'Dawmfjrwf.tem;Y// jrwef;aqmif wdkufawmf [kedrdwf,lawmfrlvsuf/ 'Dyatmifajreif;&H r*Fvmudk twnfjyKawmfrl jyD;v#if 'Dyg&krfap'Dawmftem;Y// avmifyef;ajymuf ap'Dawmf[k wnfxm;udk;auGawmfrlavonf// xdktcgZvwWmrif;apmrGefonf// =um;odawmfrlv#if// om;awmfzapmoD&drif;tm; wdkif;jynfrSxGufcGgvsuf aeap&rf// 'Gg&0'DoHwGJjrdK@odk@ajymif;a&•$awmfrlavI// ‚tdefa&S•rif;onf// oHzGJ@jrdK@Yae&avonf// xdk@aemufouU&mZf(889)ckESpfwGif ZvwWmrif; ewf&GmvGefawmfrlI// nDawmfoZmwmrif;apmrGefonf eef;wufawmfrl avonf// xdkvufxufawmfYjrdK@awmfwGifwaygifay:awmfrl&mwGif/


9

j*GyfavSoHk;q,fa&S•uwnf =uefapaumif;jcif; oH'GJrif; ay:vd rnfvnf; awmfovif;? oHwGJajrGa[muf tpG,fayguf vufaumuf0yf avmufjyD;? ajrmufOD;a&$eef; awmifompGrf; e*g;armuf=uD;jzef@vdrRnf[k waygifay:awmfrlavonf// xdktcgtrwfynm&Sdwdk@ESifh wdkifyifawmf rljyD;v#if// udrf,wW&mjzifh acsawmfrlvdkIeef;awmfudk b[dkxm;vsuf// owW&zefawmifpnfckESpfvkH;&rfywfukefvsuf&Sdawmfrlaomawmifxdyfwdk@Yap'Dawawmfrl&mwGif// eef;awmfajrmuf zdk;acgifawmifxdyf0,f// &rf awmfatmifbk&mwnf;awmfrlavonf// ta&S•zufYedyfblZmawmifxdyfa0edyfblpmbk&m;wnfawmfrlavonf// awmifzufYjrawmifxdyfa0Adk[fjydKbk&m;wnfawmfrlavonf// taemuf zufY pefum;awmifxdyfa0 qkawmfyefbk&m;wOfawmfrlavonf// &m[ka'gifhY &Gufum;awmifxdyfa0// oufawmfa&S• / oufawmf&bk&m; wnfawmfrlavonf// paeawmifhY0oJ;awmifxdyfa0// =uufv#m awmifOD;wGif 0oJ;bk&m;wnfawmfrlavonf// rav;awmifxdyfa0/ vuf=uG,fawmf"gyfyxdk; wnfawmfrlavonf// xdkuJhodk@owW&zef awmifpOfckESpfvkH;wdk@Y wOfxm;awmfrlavjcif;a=umifh// bk&ifrif;jrwfonfeef; .aphpdrfudk cHpm;vsufouU&mZf (893) ckESpf awmfovif;v0oH'rdk;&moDYewf&GmvGefawmfrl&avonf// odk@r[kwf v#if‚bk&ifrif;onf ,m,Drif;tjzpfjzifhajcmufvomv#ifeef;. aphpdrfudkcefpm;jcif;Xg&SdawmfrloOf[k// ya&m[dyftrwfwdk@ a[majymI ,wW&mjyKvsuf? av;ESpfeef;pefawmfrl&avonf// xdktcg oH'JG;jrdK@pm; zapmoD&drif;Agonf jrdK@awmfudkodrf;ydkufjyD;v#if// eef;wufawmfrlav onf// xdktcg apmrGefq,fqufvGefajrmHjcif;jzifh// a'gif;paerif;Ag eef;wufawmfrlavonfwnf;// 30//wdkif;jynfzGJ@awmfrl&H r[mor'rif;rsdK;EG,fvm0efowdk@onf// t&mr om*&rif;jrwfonfr*~ uaom wdkif;c&kdifEkdifief awmfwdk@udk//toD;oD;aom '&dkufwdkif;rSxGufawmfrl vm;IazGJ@pOf;awmfrl=uaomtcg r*~'&kdufwdkuf/ vmaomta=umifh&cdkif r*~a'0rif;jrwf. // ajr;awmfjzpfawmfrlaomom*& trsdK;av;yg;wdk@onfjzpf rif;jrwfonfwdkif;zGJ@ awmfrl&rfr*~'&kdufwdkifjynfrS// ay:jcif;jzifhaz:jycsuf// ajrmufpl;pl;t&yfodk@vlAdkvfjc,f (10000)ESifh wuG//


10

&a\hrk%dq&mjrwfwdk@ESifhpkHvifpGmwdkif;jynfrSxGufcGgvsuf csDwuf awmfrl=u&mwGif// *p>ze'Djrpfvuf0J;uef;,ef0,f// tvGefa&wmajr wmjzifh csdKif@0Srf;aomawmtkyfodk@ usa&mufawmfrl=u&mwGif /xdkae&mYwef@&yfawmfrl=ujyD;v#if// xdkawmawmifwdk@Yaygufv#uf&Sd aomjcKHrfEG,fopfyifrsm;wdk@wGif// oD;yGifh&SdaomopfoD;opfyGifhopfEkrsm; wdk@udk// qGyfcl;vsufpm;aomuf=uaomf// tvGefw&mysm;vbdk@uJhodk@ csdKjrdef@aomt&omESifhjyOfhpkHavonfudkodwGJ@&I// q&m&a\h rk%djrwf wdk@onf jrifhjrwfaom t&m xmeudkodawmfrlvsuf// Tae&m onfum; OD;"koHk;yg;ESifhnDnGwfaoma=umifh// ajrqDajr=oZmwdk@onf wdk;wufvsufjzpf&Sdaomae&yfjzpfayonf// Tae&mY wdkif;c&kdif Ekdifief jrwf azG@Hpnf;jyKvkyfawmfrlv#if/ tvGefw&mpnfyifom,m0ajymojzifh ‚// vlowW0gtaygif;wdk@onfvnf; umyfoHkrg;rSuif;uGmjyD;v#if? q,fhajcmufyg;aom bJ;OygwftHj'J,ftaygif;wdk@onfvnf; uif;uGmjyD; v#if// csrf;om;jcif;Ya&mufap&maomae&m jzpfayonf[k edrdwfudk &a\hrk%djrwfwdk@uaqmif,lawmfrljyD;v#if// xdkae&mwGifyifv#if// ckyf xGif&Sif;vif;awmfrljyD;v#uf// xD;eef;ppfxlawmfrl&rf &a\hrk%djrwfwdk@ utwnfjyKawmfrl=uavonf// txl;az:jycsuftxl;az:jycsuftxl;az:jycsuftxl;az:jycsuf 1//&cdkiftrsdK;av;yg;wdk@ xdkodk@twnfjyKawmfrljyD;onfrS? vlAdkvfjc,f? oOfa&S•OD;pGmrif;ESifhwuG 10000 wdk@ESifhwuGckyfxGif&Sif;vif;awmfrljyD;v#if// wdkif;jynfzGJ@pOfawmfrljcif; &aohrk%Djrwfwdk@onf xD;eef;ppfxl;vsuf? ta=umif;// òr@wnfawmfrl&efrSm// Ak'<[l;j*dK[frif;onftkyfpdk; aomae@YpDrefawmfrloOfrSm tcsdefem&DygwfbDZemaumif;aomtcg awmfrsm;udka&Gl;acsjyD;v#if// xD;eef;ppfxlawmfrljyD;vsuf wdkif;c&kdif Ekdifiefawmfudkvnf;aey,foyfrSwfvsuf// azGJ@pnf;pDrefjyKvkyfawmfrlav onf// ‚r*~'&kdufwdkif;udk tpdk;&awmfrlaom r*~a'0rif;jrwf. jrJ;awmfjzpfaom// om*&rif;jrwfonfvnf;// ‚rif;jrdK@awmfopfY eef;wufawmfrlav+yD;v#if ‚wdkif;c&kdifEkdifiefawmfudkodrf; ydkuftkyf csKyfvsuf// rif;vkyfawmfrlavonf// xdkodk@rif;ajrSmHawmfrljyD;aemH &a\hrk%Djrwfwdk@onf// wdkif;c&dkif Edkifiefawmfudk trnfynmyforkwf


11

tyfaom t&mwdk@udk ay;awmfrl&HwGif// ‚ae&mYwdyfedrdwf wdk@udk aqmif&GufawmfrljyD;v#if// avmuYtrsdK;av;yg;ESifhwuG xif&Sm;apjcif; Xg// trnfynmyforkwftyfaomtm;jzifh// ay;awmfrlrOft&mwGif// Tae&mYum; OD"koHk;yg;nDnGwfpGm&Sdaoma=umifh‚// ajrqDajrom; wdk;wufvsuf// ‚ae&mY tyiftudkif;wdk@Yvnf; toD;tyGifh wdk@onfysm;vbdk@uJodk@ csdKjrdefaom t&omESifhjyOf@pkHavaoma=umifh ‚// xdkrSwyg;trsKd;av;yg; wdk@Yvnf;// r*~a'0rif;.tEG,fawmf uoufqif;I w&m;ESifhnDnGwfpGm apmifha&SmHawmfrlaom tEG,f 0efo‚? xdktrsdK;av;yg;wdk@onf rdrdwdk@wdkif;jynfrS ajrmufpl;pl; t&yfodk@ xGufcGgvsuf csDwufawmfrlvm=uaomtm;jzifh‚/ ‚jyif xD;eef;ppfxl&mYvnf;// tcgay;awmfrlaomae@&uf tcsdrfem&DwGif vOf;Ak'<[l;j*dK[frif;ESifh &m[kj*dK[frif;. ajymifv$J&efeOf;pyfaomtcg ESpf ‚// xdktxufqdkchJaomwdyfedrdwfwdk@udk aumHawmfrljyD;v#if? ,ckae@ u pI TbwWumyfyrBmay:Y ‚trsdK;av;yg;wdk@oOf// raysHmruG,f rwdefraumapjcif;iSg? &a\hrk%Dq&mawmfjrwfwdkhonf? xdkwdyfed rdwfwk@ddudkktwnfjyKawmfrljyD;v#if? [email protected] ynmyforkyftyf oOfum;? OwW&mr'l&jrdK@awmf[k ac:a0:orkwftyfaomtm;jzifhxm; awmfrlavonf? 4iftjyifwdkif;. trnfynmyforkwftyfonfum;// A'<Lj*dK[frif;ESifh&m[kj*dK[frif;wdk@eHudkaqmifawmfrljyD;v#if? wdkif;trOfum; &uQyl&wdkif;? [email protected];av;yg;trOfum; ‚j*dK[frif;eHudkaqmif awmfrlvsuf? &cdkifrsdK;[ktrnfemr0daootm;jzifh? w&wyg;aom vl rsdK;wdk hxuf u;JvGefIxmawmfrlavonf? xdk haeupIwdkif; c&dkif Edkif iefwdk@onf tpnfrjywfoufqif;jyD;v#if? TbwWuyfurmBay:wGif? bk &m;av;qkyGifhawmfrlonfwdkifatmif qufvufjyD;v#if xDeef;ppfxlI pdk;pefawmfrlavonf? 32?avmif;=uwfjrdK@ TurmB Ya*g"rRjrwfpGmbk&m;yGifhawmfrlIy&dedAŠgefpef awmf.ta=umif; vGefawmfrljyD;aemH aumZmouU&mZfwGif? cqyOP udef; aumZmouU&mZf(562)ckudkjzdKzsufjyD;aemHouU&mZfawmf (766) aumZmwGifavmif;=uwfjrdK@awmfudktpdk;&awmfrlaom 0&"rRrif;jrwf.


12

om;awmfjzpfaom e&Ek/ e&rdwfvS[k aemifawmf nDawmfESpfyg;&Sd onft&mwGif aemifawmfe&Ekrif;jrwfonf wdkif;jynfudkpdk;pHawmfrlav onf? nDawmf e&rdwfvSudk? oHwGJjrdK hudktydkifpm; ay;tyfvsufxm; awmfrlavonf? xdktcgaemifawmfe&Ekrif;jrwfonf wdkif;c&dkifEdkifiH awmfudkpdk;pHvsuf aeawmfrlaomtcg0,f? yJcl;bk&ifrif;&mZm"d&dkuf onf? avmif;=uwfjrdK@awmfudk wdkufzsufawmfrljyD;v#if? ‚jrdK@ awmf udktydkifodrf;ydkufawmfrlI ? 4ifbk&if.trwf=uD; wvdkif;armifcGif/ azgif awZm/ vusfm=uD;wdk@udk? avmif;=uufjrdK@awmfY? xdef;odrf; tkyfcsKyf awmfrlap&monf? xdktcgavmif;=uufjrdK@awmf&Sif e&Ekrif;jrwfonf? rdrdwdkif;jynfrSwdef;a&SmifxGufcGgaomjyD;v#if? tdjENd,wdkif; 'DvD jrdK@awmf&Sif &krfygo#mbk&ifrif;jrwfxHY e&Ekrif;jrwfonfppfyefawmfrl avonf? xdkbk&ifrif;jrwfuvnf;? e&Ekrif;tm; trdeftmemcsrSwf awmfrl&mwGif? tusDawmfrif;jrwfoOf? tusGefEkyfxH&HwydkpmcsKyf jzifhjyKvkyfawmfrl&ayvdrRnf? ta=umif;rSm tusDawmfe&Ekrif;oOf? vufatmHcef rGefrif;tjzpfjzifh EdkifiHawmfudkodrf;ydkuftkyfcsKyfrif;vkyf awmfrlap&moOf? xdkrSwyg; tusDawmfrif;jrwfwdk@. bJavmif;awmf bD;avmif;awmfwdk@tydkifodrf;ydkufvsuf&Sdawmfrlaom? b*Fgwq,f ESpfjrdKhrsm;wdk@ESifh a&mifjzLa&&dk;wpdwfxd e,fy,frsm;wdk@udkvnf;? igbk &ifrif;tm; tydkifodrf;ydkufvdkvsuf tyfESif;awmfrlap&rnf[k trdefh tmemcsrSwfawmfrlonftwdkif;? avmif;=uwfjrdK@bk&ife&Ekrif;tm; o abmwlawmfrlI? &rfwAdkvfpmcsKyf jyKvkyfawmfrl=ujyD;v#if? &kyfygo#mrif;onf ppfAdkvfawmf 'Hkrf;cifudk ppfonfawmf (10000) eSifh wuG e&Ekrif;tm;tyfeSif;awmfrlavonf? e&Erif;jrwfonfvnf; ppfonfawmfwdk@ESifhwuG? avmif;=uwfjrdKho@dkcsDwufawmfrlav&m? e&Ek rif;.nDawmf oH'GJpm;e&rdwfvSrif;onf? =um;odawmfrlI awmifpnf ckESpfc&dkifY&Sdaom vlrsm;wdk@udkqifhqdkac:awmfrljyD;v#if? ppfonfawmf a&G;aumHvsuf ppfonf (10000)eSifhwuG nDawmfrif;jrwfvnf; avmif;=uwfjrdK@awmfodk@ csDwufawmfrlvmI? nDaemifrif;eSpfyg;wdk@oOf? 4if;jrdK@awmfodk@udk odrf;ydkuftkyfcsKyf&Sdaom wvdkif;trwf=uD;w@dk&rfudk EdSrfeifydjym;apjcif;iSg/ wGef;vSefjzdKzsufawmfrljyD;v#if? tkyfcsKyf&Sdaom


13

trwfwdk@udk az&Sm;okyfoifawmfrlI// ‚jrdK hawmfudk e&Ekrif;jrwf onf odrf;ydkufawmfrlavonf? 4ifjrdK hawmfY rif;vkyfawmfrlaom t&mwGif? txuf&rfwAdkvfpmcsKyfjyKvkyfawmfrlcJhonftwkdif; twnf jyKawmfrljyD;v#if &krfygo#mrif;. vufatmufcef rGefrif;tjzpfjzifh avmif;=uwfjrdKhawmfYxyfrefvsuf odrf;ydkuftkyfcsKyfrif;vkyf awmfrlav aomeSpf aumZmouU&mZfaomfum; (768) ckeSpfwGifjzpfavonf? avmif;=uufòr@awmfudkòzzsufI xdkaom pdk;pefawmfrl+yD;aemH avmif; ajrmufOD;òr@udk wnfaomt =uufòr@awm fonf udrf;crf;ukefjcif; a=umif; odk@a&mufavaom t&mrsm;wdk@udk trwfynm&Sdwdk@tm; xifjrifawmfrlav I 4ifavmif;=uufjrdK@awmfudk jzdKzsufawmfrljyD;v#if ouU&mZf (792) ckeSpfwGif? ajrmufOD;jrdKhawmfudk pDrefjyKvkyfawmfrljyD;v#if/ xD;eef; ppfxl awmfrlI e&Ekrif;apmrGefonf? wdkif;c&dkifEdkifiHawmfudktkyfcsKyfvsuf rif;vkyfawmfrlonf nDawmfe&rdwfvSvnf; tdefa&hSpeftjzpfjzifh oH'GJ jrdKawmfudk tydkifvGJtyfvsufpdk;pefawmfrlap&monf? e&Ekrif;rSpI? oZmxmrif;wdkifatmif rlovref &krfygo#mrif;.vufatmufcrftjzpf jzifheSpfaygif; (125)eSpfwdkifatmifae&avonf? xdktcgouU&mZf (863) ckeSpfwGif &SpfqufajrmHjzpfaom rif;vS&mZm &SDo#mrif; apmrGefvufxuf awmfY4ifrif;jrwf.om;awmft=uD; *%Smy'd nDawmfzapmoD&d[kom; awmfeSpfyg;xGef;um;awmfrlvsuf/ txm&o ody twwfrsm;wdkudk t wdkif;wdkif;tjynfjynfodk@aom vm;vsuf nDawmfzapmoD&donf oif =um;vsufaeawmf rlavownf;? txl;azmfjycsutxl;azmfjycsutxl;azmfjycsutxl;azmfjycsu f xdkaemuf ouU&mZf (887) ckESpf udk;quf ajrmufOD;òr@awmfY ajrmufaom ZvwWmrif; apmrGefvufxuf &krfygo#moHtrwf}uD; awmfY &krfygo#mrif;. oHtrwf}uD; um'D oHk;a,mHwdk@onf 4if; rlo#m a[mfEkrsmwdk@onf EdkifiHawmfY r[m òr@awmfY r[mrwf'ef rwf'efomoempnfyifjyef@ajymapjcif;iSm? yl omoemudk pnfyifatmif vDausmif;wdk@onf òr@awmfY tjyef@tESef@ wnfaxmifaqmufvkyf=uI/ òr@awmfwGif


14

vltaygif;wdk@tm; a[majymjyov#uf/ ae@pOfrjywfðyvkyfawmfrl avonf? xdktcgtcsKd@aom Ak'<bmomvlrsKd;wdk@onf ,kef=uOfv#uf 4if; bmomY0ifI 4if;w&m;udk aqmHwnfv#uf jzpf&Sd=uavonf? odk@ESifh r[mrwf'efvlrsKd;wdk@onf EdkifiefawmfY zkef;v$ef;pdk;rdk;v#uf jyef@ESef@pGm jzpf&Sdavonf? bk&ifrif;jrwfudkvnf; vufaqmifyefemydk@qufv#uf? bk&ifrif;tm; 4if;oeftrwf}uD;wdk@udk rsm;aomtm;jzifh rdwWmouf0if v#ufjzpf&Sdavonf? txl;azmfjycsuftxl;azmfjycsuftxl;azmfjycsuftxl;azmfjycsuf xdkaemuf cqyOPrudef; aumZm ouU&mZf 32?awmifndkwdkuf udkòzzsuf+yD;aemH? ouU&mZf (887) ckESpfwGif awmfut&Sift*~rk%d ajrmufOD;òr@awmfESpf udk;qufajrmufjzpfaom udkawmfjrwf.wynfh? ZvwWrif; apmrGefvufxufawmfY udk&rfawmf jzpfaom&Sifi,fq&m trwf}uD; 0drv yif;0gòr@pm;ESifhwuG Edkifiefawmf jr0gonfukvm;vlrsdK; udk aqmif&Gufodrf;ypftkyfcsKyfv#uf? pefaeawmf wdk@udkydjym;atmifeef; rlpnftcg0,f? òr@awmf. ajrmufbuft&yfY bk awmfodk@0ifI &ifrif;jrwfudk;uG,fawmfrlaom awmifnKdwdkuf w&m;a[mcrf;? awmfY owif;oHk;aeawmfrlaom? t&Sift*~&%D udkawmfjrwf. wyOf@jzpfawmfrlaom &Sifi,f q&mjr0gonf? avmuD avmukwW&m w&m;ESpfyg;wdk@udk oiftefavh usifhI wwfajrmufatmifjrifv#uf&Sdawmfrlavaoma=umifh &Sifi,fq &mjr0gonf? wdkif;c&dkifEdkifiefawmfwdk@udk owdrlv#uf=unfh&_awmfrlcJhv#if &krfygo#mrif;. oeftrwf}uD;oHk;a,mufwdk@onf? ajrmufOD;jrdk@awmfY [email protected][mrwf'efw&m;wdk@udk pnfyifjyef@ajymvsuf xGef;awmufap jcif;Xg// trwfum'DYvnf; oabmFqdyfuef; abmif;'GÉft&yfYolwdk@. omoemudkjyKvkyfaqmif&Guf&rf r[mrwf ylvDausmif;=uD; aqmufvkyf avonf? ‚jyif trwf=uD;rlo#m a[mfEkrsmwdk@Yvnf; xdkenf; wlpGm toD;oD;aqmufvkyfvsuf// r[mrwfw&m;a[majymESkdifaom q&m wkd@udk 'DvDjrdK@awmfu ac:aqmif,lvsuf// Ekdifiefawmfom;rsm;tm; a[majymjyoawmfrlap&monf// xdkt&mwdk@ukd&Sifi,fq&monf Ekdifief awmfYjrifawmfrlI/ igwdk@&cdkiftrsdK;av;yg;wdk@Y ylaZmf&[jzpfawm frl


15

aom// omoemjrwfESifhwuG// trsdK;av;yg;wdk@onf ndk;E$rf;jyHhKef; wdysufpD;jcif;odk@ aejyOfawmfwGifa&muf&rfjzpf&Sdjcif;udk jrifavaom a=umifh// ‚&Sifi,fq&monfeef;awmfodk@ 0ifawmfrlI nDvmcefAdkvf'k wGif// rif;ESifhwuG trwfynm&Sdrsm;wdk@tm; ‚jzpfaom t&mrsm; wdk@udka[majymjyoawmfrlap&monf// txl;az:jycsuf 33//&Sifi,fq&monfeef; &Sifi,fq&monfrif;ESifhwuGtrwfynm&Sdwdk@ awmfYw&m;a[majymcrf;// tavY a[majymjyo awmfrlavonfrSm// 'g,umrif;jrwftm;owdxm;awmfrloifhayjyD// ,ck'g,umrif;jrwf wdk@onf// tkyfcsLyfvsufpdk;pefawmfrlaomEkdifiefawmfwGif// &krfygo#mrif; . vufatmufcefjzpfavaoma=umifh/ 4ifrif;Ytapmifh tusyf xm;awmfrlaom oHtrwf=uD;oHk;a,mufwdk@onf? [email protected] r[mrwf'efw&m;udk jrdK@Yjyefaygapjcif;iSg4if;? xdkjyiftrsdK;av;yg;wdk@Y vnf; rdrdwdk@. Ak'<bmomw&m;wdk@onf ysufpD;uG,faysmufjcif;odk@ a&mufpdrf@jcif;iSg4if;? edSifiHawmfYigwdk@trsdK;av;yg;wdk@tm;/ aepOfhrjywf a[majymjyovsuf&SdavI ,ckEdSifiHawmfwGiftcsdK@aomolwdk@onf? ,Hk=unfouf0ifvsuf r[mrwfw&m;udkem,laomvlrsm;wdk@vnf;jzpf&Sd ava=umif;udkawG@jrif&avonf// xdkuJhodk@bmomw&m;ysufpD;a=umif; jzifh jyKvkyf&Sd=uaomt&mrsm;wdk hudk/ bk&ifrif;jrwfeSifh trwfynm&Sd wdk@onf tvJ;rrlv#uf&SdcJhaomf// tdENd,wdkif;Yolwdk@. trsdK;t&kdk;v$rf;rdk; tkyfpdk;vsuf ydkifawmfrlonfhaehupI olwdk@omoemudk acs@xGifjyef@ESrf@apI Ak'<omoemawmfjrwfonf? bk&m;udkawmf jrwfoufawmfxif;&Sm;&Sdpnf uyif// ,Hk=unfouf0ifjyD;v#if udk;uG,fvsuf&Sd=uukefaom jA[R%cwW,// r[mvwnf;[laom [ENLvlrsdK;wdk@onf rdrdwdk@ bD;bdk;pnfquf oufqif; vsuf jyKysifaqmHvkyfxm;cJhaom omoemawmfjrwf.// taqmHtOD;y&d abm* ap'Dawmfjrwfwdk@eSifh? OD'd<\ap'Dawmfjrwfwdk@yg jzKef;wdzsufqD;vsuf uG,faysmufapjcif;iSg 4if;trsdK;t&dk;ZyfZmwdw&m;rsm;wdk@udkvnf; ysufpD; ,dk ,Gif;apvsuf? r[mrwfw&m;udkom ,Hk=unfouf0if vsuf? rsm;aom tm;jzifhomoemawmfuG,faysmufjyD;v#if? [dENLvlrsdK;wdk@onf r[mrwfvl rsdK;jzpf&Sda=umif;udk ,ckxif&Sm;pGmawGjrifvsuf&SdavjyD// odk heSifh,ckvnf;


16

xdkeOf;wlpGma&ajr&Sif.? edkifiHawmfYvnf;/ trsdK;av;yg;wdkeSifh om oemawmfjrwfvnf; ysufpD;jcif;odk@r=umjrifhrDSjzpfayvdrRnf// odk heSifh a&ajr &Sif. wdkif;c&dkifedkifiHawmfwGif trdsK;av;yg;wdk@eSifhwuG jrifhjrwfapjcif;igS4if// omoemawmfjrwfvnf; pnfyif=uD;yGg;jcif;jzifh4if? trsdK;av;yg;vlowW 0gtaygif;wdk@Yvnf; pnfyif0ajymom,mcsrf;omjcif;jzifh jzpfpdrfhjcif;Xg‚ // a&ajr&Sifwdk@. r[mEG,frsdK;wdk@Yvnf; tpnfrjywfoufqif;vsuf bkef; wef;cdk; awZm tmEkabmf =uD;apjcif;Xg‚ // pDrefjyKvkyfawmfrloifhayjyD [k &Sifi,fq&mjr0gonf rif;ESifh trwfynm&Sdwdk@tm; a[majymjyoawmf rlavonf // xdktcg bk&ifrif;jrwfESifhwuGtrwfynm&Sdwdk@onf// owd& awmfrl=uavaoma=umifh// &Sifi,fq&mtm;aumif;rGefpGmjyKvkyfpDrefawmf rl&rf av#mufxm;awmif;yefawmfrlavonf // xdktcg &Sifi,fq&mvnf; a&S;xD;aqmif;rif;taygif;wdk@ twOfjyKawmfrlvsuf aqmif&GufawmfrlcJh aom rEk"rR\'fwdk@udk ndkESkdif;awmfrljyD;v#if// &Sift*~rk%Dudkawmfjrwf udk trSl;jyKvsufazG@Jpnf;pDrefjyKvkyfawmfrlaom? a&$rsdKif;"rR\'f[k emro rkwfawmfrljyD;v#if// ayxuftuQ&mwifxm;aomusrf;udk// rif;eSifhwuG trwfynm&Sdwdk honf? eSdifiHawmfYtwnfjyKvsuf aqmif&Gufawmf rl ap&rf tyfeSif;awmfrlavownf;?

txl;az:jycsuftxl;az:jycsuftxl;az:jycsuftxl;az:jycsuf bk&ifrif;jrwfESifh trwf}uD;wdk@ xdkaom&Sifi,fq&m tyfESif;awmf 4if;"rRom'fawmfudk Edkifiefawmf rlcJhaom "rRom'fawmfudk Edkifief Yf tkyfcsKyf&Sdaom trwfwdk@udk awmfY twnfðyawmfrlap&ef ac:,lv#uf twnfðycrf;? wdkif;jynfY toD;oD;tkyfcsKyf v#uf&Sd=uaom c&dkifrif;rsm;wdk@ESifhwuG? olaX;/ ol=uG,f ukefoG,f v,fvkyf tp&Sdaom ynm&Sdtaygif;wdk@udk a&G;aumHv#uf qifhqdk ac:awmfrl+yD;v#if nDvmcHAdkvf'kwGif 4if;"rRom'fawmfY vmonfht wdkif; twnfðyawmfrl&ef qGJ;EGJ;wdkifyifawmfrlavonf? xdktcg Edkif iefawmfom;rsm;wdk@ESifh trwfynm&Sdwdk@onf oabmr#awmfrl=uI twOfðyawmfrl=uav+yD;v#if? rif;ESifhwuG olaX; ol=uG,f ukef oG,f v,fvkyf olqif;&J awmifolrdwfc vlrSpI? xdrf;odrf;


17

aqmif&Guf apmifha&Smuf=uap&rf trdef@tmemcsrSwf awmfrlav ownf;?

& cdkif trsdK;av;yg;wdk h. usifh0wfw&m;wdk hudk& cdkif trsdK;av;yg;wdk h. usifh0wfw&m;wdk hudk& cdkif trsdK;av;yg;wdk h. usifh0wfw&m;wdk hudk& cdkif trsdK;av;yg;wdk h. usifh0wfw&m;wdk hudk a&;ul;az:jyjcif; ta=umif; a&;ul;az:jyjcif; ta=umif; a&;ul;az:jyjcif; ta=umif; a&;ul;az:jyjcif; ta=umif; [email protected] &cdkiftrsKd;av;yg;wdk@Y wdkif;c&dkifEdkifiefawmf "rRESpfxmwdk@. usifh wGif a&S;r[mor' rif;jrwfwdk@. tEG,f0H 0wfw&m; ta=umif; orS oufqif;v#ufvm=uaom xD;aqmif; rif;taygif;wdk@onf Edkifiefawmfom; trsKd; av;yg;wdk@tm; uGyfn‡yftkyfcsKyfawmfrlaom tXpwWvDo (48) yg;aom usifh0wfw&m;aywnf;? xdkusifh0wfw&m;wdk@Y avmu"rR ESpfxmewdk@ udk rarhrav#mtm;jzifh usifhoHk;aqmif&Guf=uap&rf? az:jyawmfrlav onfrSm (1) a&ShOD;pGm &wemoHk;yg;wdk@tm; rarhrav#mhapv#uf usifhoHk;aqmufwOfqOf;uyf udk;uG,f=u&efvnf;wyg;? (2) rdzq&mwdk@ . qdkqkrRv#uf a=om0g'jzifh ay;jcif;udkvOf; ajra0rus rSwfom;em,l v#uf? usifhoHk;apmifha&Smuf=u&rfvnf;wyg;? (3) rdrdwdk@Y rjidrfoufap v#uf oGoGrf;jcif; =uG=urf;jcif; &G&rf;jcif;jzifh raumif;aom tusifhw &m;wdk@udk ayo#m;apmifha&SmH=u&rfvnf;wyg;? (4) ynmody wwfajrmH ap&rfóu;pm;tm;xkyfv#uf oiftHavhusifh=u&rfvnf;wyg;? (5) ouf jzifh}uD;aomol 0gjzifh}uD;aomolwdk@ESifh rdzq&m a&ajr&Sifbk&ifrif;wdk@ tm;vnf; r&dkrao rav;rcrfhjcif;jzifh t*g&0 ðyvkyfjcif;udkvnf; a&Smif =uOf=u&rf ynmyfjcif;vnf;wyg;? (6) rdrdudkudk ynmjzifh aygif;&Snfv#uf a'goarm[[k qdkktyfaom raumif;aom qENw&m;wdk@udk ay&Sm;& jcif;vnf;wyg;? (7) ig;yg;aom oDvusifh0wfw&m;wdk@udk apmifha&SmH =u+yD;v#if rdrdwdk@tm;av#mfpGm tvSL'gewnf;[laom aumif;r_ ukodkvf w&m;wdk@udk ae@nrjywf ppfysKd;&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (8) avmuYolwyg;wdkhtm;E_yfjzifhvGefusL;jcif;/ udkjzifhvGefusL;jcif; wnf; [laom raumif;aom w&m;ESpfyg;wdk@udk ay&Sm;+yD;v#if? pdwf =uOfvifpGmjzifh rdwWmw&m;udk a&kS@xm;v#uf? oabmajzmifhrwfpGm jzifh


18

ae&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (9) xdk@tjyif avmu"rReSpfxmwOf;[laom usifh0wfw&m;eSpfyg;wdk hudk ypPKygefooF&mwdk hY csrf;omjcif;jzifhodpGrf; aqmif&Gufedkifaomynm&Sdyk*~dKvfwdkhtm;? tvJ;tjrwfjyKjyD;v#ifrdwfusGrf; 0if&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (10) 4if;rdwfusGrf;0ifaomyk*~dKvfwdk hYynmjzifhaygif; &SnfjyD;v#if// w&m;vufvGwfvsuf usifh0wfw&m;arSmufrSm;olwdkh onf? avmuwGifvlowW0gwdk hYtusdK;pD;yGg;vnf;r&Sd// ooF&mYvnf; tusKd;r&Sdaomolwdk@udk/ 0J;pGg&efoluJhodk@rdrdpdwfYxm;jyD;v#ifa&Smif=unf &jcif;vnf;wyg;// (11) olwyg;.OpPmypPnf;wdk@udkckd;,ljcif;jzifh4if// ol wyg;om;r,m;wdk htm; usL;vGrfjcif;jzifh4if;? txl;ojzifha&Smif=unf& jcif;vnf;wyg;? (12) rdrdwdk htm;olwyg;wdk hoOf? usL;vGrfjcif;jzifh=udrf =upfjim;aomfvnf;// rsufrefa'gowdk@udk odrf;csKyfvsuf onf;cefjcif;jzifh a&Smif=uOf&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (13)vlwdk hYtedpP 'kuQ tewW[k qdktyf aom vuQ%ma&;oHk;yg;whdkudk// tv,fhtvmtm;jzifh tcgcg atmuf arhjyD;v#if// rdrdcE<mudkudk ynmrsufpdjzifh =uOfh&SkqifjcifqkrRjyD;v#if? wajymif;jyefjyef puft[efodk hjzpfysufaejcif;udk 'kuQw&m;jzifhodjrif vsuf// a=umuf&Grfhxdufvrfhap&ef &SmrSD&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (14) xdk@t jyifavmb a'go arm[[k qdktyfaom pdwfqif&dkif;udk aehnrjywf ,snfaus;apjcif;iSg ynmjzifhxdrfodrf;apmifha&Smufv#uf jidrfoufwnf wef hpGmjzifh ae&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (15)xdkjyifrdcifzcifwdk htm;cspfjrwfekd; jyD;vsuf? bk&m;wql ulwvHk;wdk huJhodk h// aehnrjywf t&kdtao tvJ tjrwf &Sdcdk;OD;wifvsuf jyKpkvkyfusGJ; rGJ;jrL;&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (16) xdk hjyif rdrdwdk@. qG,frsdK;nmwd o*F[wdk@Yvnf;// ouf=uD;oltdkwdk@tm; rdrdpdyfY =unfvifpGgtm;jzifh *g&0 t&kdtoOf tv;Jtjrwf jyKvkyfaqmif&Guf jcif;vnf;wyg;// (17) xdkrSwjcm;t&yfav;rsufeSmu vm=uaom ykÀm; &[ef;&a\hrk%dwdk hY? t0wftpm;&duQmwdk hjzifh csdKK@wnf; aomyK*~dKvfwdk@tm;vnf;? racgif;yg;aprlI aumif;rGefpGm ay;uef; axmufyifhjcif;jzifh// b0wyg;odk haocJ; ODpPmxkyfudk odkvfrSD&HjyKvkyf&jcif; vnf;wyg;? Tonfv#if(17)yg;aom avmu"rReSpfxmejzifh usifh0yf w&m;aywnf;?


19

vlwdk@Y tdefaxmif (18) xdk@tjyif avvkyfjcif; ukefoG,fjcif; oufrGJ ðyvkyfv#uf a&mif;0,fazgufum;ðyvkyfv#uf pm; aomuf vkyfudkifpm;aomuf =uaomolwdk@Y? rdrd. vkyfudkif&Sdaom tvkyf =u&ef aqmif&Guf& wdk@wGif ae@nrjywf tpD;tyGm;wdk@tm; wGufcsuf jcif;ta=umif; +yD;v#if rdrdY r,kwfr,GaprlI vkyfudkifpm; aomufaqmif&Guf&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (19) xdk odk@ vkyfudkifjcif;Y apmifha&SmH+yD;v#if tpm;&duQmwdk@udk jyOf@0Srf;pGm wdkufusDus wdk@jzifh odkvfrSDv#uf? rdrdYqG,frsKd; o*F[wdk@tm; axmufyifh rZ &jcif; vnf;wyg;? (20) xdk hjyif xkrf;enf;emwdk hudkvnf; ynmrSD;aomolwdk h udk eSOf;uyfjyD;v#if// tjzmjzmaomynm odywwfajrmufaomolwdk ht xefY qnf;uyfvsuf// vkyfusGJ;axmHyifhjcif;jzifhjyKvkyfjyD;v#if// xHkrf;enf; emwdk@udk rSwfom;em,l&jcif;vnf;wyg; // (21) xdkodk@q&mxHY&tyf aom xkrf;enf;emwdk@udk rarhr,Gapjcif;Xg // rdrdpdwfYpGJ;ajrpGm rSwfom; em,ljyD;v#if// ol.aus;Zka=umifh taxGtxl; ol.ukefaus;Zkudk// rarh r,GjrJ;pGmodjrif&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (22) ‚jyif rdrdwdk@trsKd;av;yg;wdk@Y tEG,f0eforSoufqif;v#uf// zdk;bD;pnfquf rdztvdkufZ&kdufusifh&kd; "rRwmwdk@udkazgufrjyeftm;jzifh// usifhoHk;aqmif&Gufapmifha&Smuf&jcif; vnf;wyg; // (23)odk@jzpfjcif;a=umifh trsdK;EG,fonfwdk@onf tpOfw&m; apmifha&Smufjcif;tm;jzifh tdefaxmifaygif;&Snfjcif;Y// ola[mif;ouf=uD; xkrf;eOf;emudk ,laqmifvsuf aygif&Snf&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (24) xdkjyifw yg;aomtEG,f0efowdk@u avS•ywfzsm;a,mif;jim;aomfvnf;// rdrdwdk@Y trsdK;Zmwdw&m;wdk@onf ysufpD;uG,faysmHjcif; odk@ra&mufap&H 0J;pGm a&Smif=uOf&jcif;vOf;wyg;// (25) xdk@jyif EkdifiefawmfwGif vltaygif;wdk@Y// ynmodyoiftefavhusufvsuf eSefhjym;vkHcsKHpGmjzifh wwfajrmHjcif;r&Sd aomolwdk@Y // wpkHwcktm;jzifh vlrSktdefaxmifpD;yg;aqmif&rf aygif;az: jcif;udka&Smif=unf&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (26) xdkjyif wpkHwckwwfajrmufjcif; r&Sdao;aomolwdk@tm;// vlrSktdefaxmif pD;yGg;aqmif&mwdk@Y nJharSmif rod =uufrsuftdwfaom olESifhvnf; tvm wlbdouJhodk@// vlrSktdef axmifpD;yGg;aqmifjcif;udka&Smif=uOf&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (27) xdkodk@c&m0go tdefaxmifoufrGJ;jyKvkyf&mwdk@Y// tjzmjzmaomvla&;udpPrsm;wdk@udk


20

ausjyGefavywfpGm vdrRmodwwfjcif;jzifh jyO@fpkH&jcif;vnf;wyg; // (28) xdkodk@odwwfjyD;rS tdefaxmifoufarG;wpHkwckvkyfrSkudkif&mwkd@wGif// =uHwGufqjyD;v#if vHkv†0g,r ppfwkyfI// t&if;yifpnfwnfjyD;v#if pD;yGg;csrf;omjcif;jzifh oD;yGifhvsuf// rarhravsmhtm;jzifh vkyfudkifpm; aomuf&jcif;vOf;wyg;// (29) a'go /arm[/ rme/ w&m;wdk@udk odrf; csKyfapmifha&Smufvsuf // olwyg;wdk@oOf// raumif;aomqENmjzif h ysufpD; apjcif;Xg xkrf;enf;emwdk@udk ay;jim;aomfvnf; // rdrdYrjiduyfapvsuf a&Smif=uOf&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (30) [email protected];Zkw&m;wdk@oOf// jrif;rSkd&f awmifESifh csdrfaqmifESkdif;qjim;aomfvnf;// rdz.ukefaus;Zkw&m; wdk@onf// twdkif;rodaomtm;jzifh aus;Zkw&m;wdk@udk tzefwvJ;vJ; atmufarhodjrif&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (31) topfaygif;zuf=uaomom;r ,m;wdk@ESifh om;ajr;aqGrsdK; aus;uGsrf jcG,f&H oif;yif;wdk@yg// ruif;ruGm apmifha&SmH axmHyifh&jcif;vOf;wyg;// (32) xdk@jyif avmuwGif vlayvl ysufwdk@onf uJh&Jhjypfwifjcif;jzifh jyKjim;aomfvnf;/ 0rf;xnf; oHa0 pdwfjzifhajzvsuf xdkolwdk htm;a&Smif=unf&jcif;vOf;wyg;// (33) xdk odk@a&Smif=unfjyD;vsuf vlaumif;vlrGefwdk@onf? csDrGefjcif;udk jzpf=u ap&rf// taqGcifyGef;eSifhajcG&Hoif;yif;wdk@tm;// cspfyef;,eef hjzifhrajyap jcif;Xg// apmifha&Smif&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (34) xdk@jyif tdefaxmifpD;yGg; qnf; zl;jcif;Y// odyfoJ;ajr;jrefpGm pGJvrf;vsuf odkrSD&mY // ajrtdk;ajrcGufwdk@jzifh wef;pufudkcrfjcif;ESpf‚// xdk@jyif jci,fonf rdrdESkyfjzifh udkufcsD,l aqmifvsuf awmifbdk@jyKvkyfjcif;jzifh‚// tvm;wlpGm qnf;zl; pk aqmif;jyKvkyf&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (35) vlwkd@Yynm0d&d,wdk@jzifh jrJ;jrefcdkif crfhpGm =uHaqmifvkyfudkif&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (36) xdkodk@vkyfudkif&mwdk@Y aooyfpGmaom a,musmF;jrwfwdk@. vkyfudkifjcif;oOf// rdrdYxifrSwfoOf twdkif; jyOfh0pGmcsrf;ompD;ygG;&jcif;vnf;wyg;// (37) xdk@jyifynmcsdK•wOf; aomolwdk@Y// vkv†arhrl trsm;vlwdk@. uhJ&Jhjypfwifjcif;udk cef&jcif;vnf; wyg;// (38) xdk@jyifrdrdudk*dk rcspfay;vsuf// tusifhpm&dwWysufpD;jcif;jzifh// ‚vloGrf;wdk@u ayodk@ rod ysif;&d&dESifh// =urRydk@u igwdk@ae&m pD;yGg; vm tHh[k =urRudkcsnf; xdk;pGyfvsuf aejcif;udk a&Smif=uOf&jcif;vnf;wyg;//


21

olaX;ol=uG,f ukefoG,f (39) EdkifiHawmf&Sd olaX; ol=uG,f ukefoG,f wdk@tm; xdrf;odrf;apmifh v,fvkyfwdk@tm; olwyg;wdk@onf rSDcdk&m jzpf a&SmH=u&rf usifh0wfw aom vuQ%monfum; tvGeft&dyf0go &m;ta=umif;? aumif;aom òyifanmifyif}uD;. vuQ%mESifh tvm;wlap&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (40) xdkòyif anmifyif}uD;. vuQ%monf? vrf;c&D;Yaom vm;aomolwdk@onf aeylwefv#yfrSvm=ujcif;a=umifh xdkopfyifatmHodk@ 0ifv#ufrSDcdkv#if tvGef{jrcsrf;omjcif;jzifh awG@&Sd&bdouJhodk@ xdkenf;wlpGmvloHk;yg;wdk@ tm; rSDcdkjcif;Yvnf; csrf;ompGmawG@=uap&H aqmif&Gufapmifha&Smuf& jcif;vnf;wyg;// (41) xdkodk@wdkif;c&kdif;Ekdifiefawmfudk jyKysifpDref awmfrl&m wGif Ekdifiefawmfom;rsm;wdk@Ya&cGef/ ajrcGefjrdK@&Gmpaus;rsm;wdk@ESifh// trSk xef;aqmif&Gufaom olwdk@wGif// qdkif&mvlwdk@tcGefbE<m qufoGif;ap &efrSm// a&$rsdKif;"rR\m'fawmftwdkif; // trsdK;av;yg; rl;rwfjyOfolwdk@ tm;/ trdefhawmfydkif;jzwf om;em;awmfrloOfrSm// a&S;bD;awmfbdk; awmf jrwfwdk@ESifh// zcrJ;awmfrif;jrwfwdk@vufxufawmfu// ay;oem;awmfrlcJh aom // taqmift&Gufpm;aus;jrdK@&Gm / ol=uD;&yfuGyf// tpdk@tief;wdk@rSm // om;ajr;pOfqu f/ oufqif;&Gufaqmif =uD;pdk;jrJ;&SdoOftwdkif; // =uD;pdk; xef;&Gufap/ xkyfcGefAE<mcef,loHkrf;aqmifqufoGif;onft&mrsm;wdk@ rSmvnf;// toDom;wdk@rSm// wESpfv#if// tdef=uD;ig;ojym // tdefi,fw ojym;cGJ; xef;aqmifap // tpdk@tief;om;wdk@rSmvnf;// tdef=uD;q,fo jym// tdefi,f ig;ojym;us xef;aqmif&Gufap xdk@jyif avawmfvkyfoRm; rsm;wdk@rSmvnf;// vkyfpm;=uonf av,mOD,sOfajrwmwdk@Y// rp>drm awmifwm// w*g%Dv#if// wESpfudkwojymESifhtcGJ;usESkrf;jzifh aqmif &Guf qufoGif;ap// olaX;ol=uG,f ukefoG,f avydkif ajrydkifwdk@rSm vnf;// xdkenf;wlpGmaumHcefpm;aomufap&moOf// xdkrSydkrdkjcif;jzifh// azGHh pnf; jyKvkyfaumHcefjcif;r&Sdap&// xdkrSwyg;// oabFmqdyfuef;rsm; wdk@ YvOf;// ypPOf;.xdkufxef bdk;ojymw&mv#if// q,fcdkifusESkrf;jzifh aumuf,lqufoGif;ap // jrdK@pm; &Gmpm;wdk@rSm uwdk;cGef ydkufcGefwdk@udkom odrf;ydkufpm;aomufap// w&m;wef;azgifwdk@Y// tcGefAE<m aus;ukefaiG usr&SdapESifh/ nm%fylaZmfftrludkom


22

axmufcsifhI// ESpfojymwefonf// wjymocGJ;wefonf[k// jyD;pD; atmif pD&ifolwdk@pm;aomufap// t&kdif; awmifolrduQvlwdk@Yvnf;// 'g;wZif;,mwcif;v#if// oHkrf;ojymusxef;aqmifap// xdk@jyif trSkxef; toif;// udkawmf&rftrSl;// 0if;om; 'dkif;om;// [,m;pD&Du refvJ; udkifwdk@rSpI// tcGeftxkyfraqmifr&GufapESifh xdk@jyifEdkifiefawmfom;rsm; wdk@Y w&m;wefazgifvufa&mufESkyfvGr fajrrSk a&rSk tdefrSk aiGrSkrsm;wdk@rSm// w&m;tqG,fav;a,muf jynf;pdk;av;a,mufpD// jrdK@av;rsufESmt &yfwdk@u// w&m;r¾myfESifh pD&ifjrJ;pD&ifap// jyD;ajyjidrf;v#if// trSk=uD; i,fudkaxmufI// ig;ojymaomf‚// q,fojymaomf‚// xdkufonf tm;avsmfpGmudk// pD&ifqkrf;jzwfaomolwdk@u// cef,lokHrf;pm;ap// rif;&m pdk;xl;[lI// rukefrusapESifh / w&m;toG,fjyOfpdk;wdk@pD&ifI// rjyD;jywf aomf// trwf=uD;av;OD;wdk@ v$yfawmfodk@ydkjyD;vsuf// pHknDqkrf;jzwfap // xdktrwfwdk@pD&ifIrjyD;rjywfaomf ‚trSkonfESpfOD;udk// twGif;awmfodk@ 0ifap // cdk;rSk ,dk;rSkrsm;wkd@rSmvnf; // &kdyfykwfaxmif;oyfI// rppfrar;ap ESifh// ynmjzifhom ay:aygufatmifppfqJ;ar;jref;ap// cdk;onfrSefv#if// pm xdk;I [&Dtpdk@wGifjzOfhap // toufaoqHkrf;rSkjzpfyGg;aomolwdk@udk // rnf olrqdk aopm;aoap&rftwGuf/ toD;om;ocsF Dtpdk@wGifjzOfhap// Ad \mufoGrf;r*FvmykÀm;ra&mapESifh// &[ef;oCFmawmfjrwfwdk@rSm vnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrlaom rl&if;pum;udk// &Snf=um xGef;vif;atmif// 0ÉF*Gredrif;vufxuf// oD[Xvbmom tuQ&mwif xm;cJhonf// ydËuyfoHkrf;ykHudkom// oif=um; avhvm&rnf// ykxkpsgefwdk@ azGHhpnf;jyKvkyfaom usrf*efrsm;wdk@udk// ravhrvmraqmif&Gufap& // aemufaemifudkvnf;// usrf*eftopfrazHGhrvkyfap&// omoemawmf jrwfY/ xdrf;tyfapmifha&SmHawmfrlaom/ 0deOf;udkoCFmawmfjrwfwdk@u// Ekdifeif;atmifwm;jrpfapmifha&SmufawmfrloifhygoOf[kEdkifiefawmfwGif// rif;Agbk&ifrif;jrwfoOf rif;bmtmemydkif;jzwfvsuf// cs rSwfawmfrlav onf//

xdkjyif bk&ifrif;jrwfwdk hY// ppfxdk;&mwGifw&m;eSifhnDnGwfpGm jzifh ppfqdkif&monf w&m;udkrapmifha&SmHavaoma=umifh// ysufpD; jcif; odk ha&muf&ava=umif;udk// a&S;xkrf;a[mif;"rRwmw&m;ESifh? yrmxm;


23

yrgxm;vsuf jyn$rf;awmfrlavonfrSm// q'Ngefajymifrkef/ a&;[kef eif;csdK;/ jcGrf;jcGrf;xdk;odk@/ tusdK;&Sdoifh/ xdk;cGifhrom/ r*Fvmatmifajr/ taeoifh&m/ Adkvfygqifjrif;/ odrf;orf;rysuf/ &J;rufrjydK// &rfudkeSdyfEGrf/ t=uHynm/ onfomjzpfcJh/ ol&J;ro#m;/ vuf&kHrf;tm;rSm/ trSm;trSef/ tvGeftusK;/ ol&l;t*Fg/ rdp>mtusifhedrfhjrifo#HKrf;ESkdif/ tydkifcJ;cuf/ vuf eufAdkvfjc,f/ taotqkHrf;// xHkrf;rjyKavmuf/ xGif;azgufajrmuf jrm;/ *kHrfudk;yg;pHk/ ynmvHkrS/ AdkvfyHkryef;/ nmpGrf;e*~d/ wGif;jyif&Sdu/ =uD;Adppftif/ jrif;qif&xm;/ ajraotm;eSifh/ av;yg;nDpHk/ a&mufjim;wHkvnf;/ ydkufcsHKrfjyD;pD;/ ppfol=uD;wdk@/ xHkrf;rDS;vdrRm/ odk hudkomvsif/ ppftifvnf; rnf/ tyfonfa&S;&kd;/ &mefcsdK;edKifonf/ oljynfom,m/ 0wdefomodk h/ yrmwr#/ tourif;/ ppfwGifo#KHrf;rnf/ qdkoOfpum;/ od=um;pnf vsuf/ ysufonfxHkrf;pef/ eENDaoe/ toutrwf/ nDnGwfjynfpHk/ ynmvHkI/ AdkvfyHk&efjidrf;/ umvd*F&mZf/ okppfEGrf;ndk;/ tusdK;r&Sd/ yef;aeS&dI/ updupuf/ a=unufb&rf;/ trwfoGrf;eSifh/ rif;=urf;w oGrf/ rmefwef;cGefudk/ uJ;vGefpwif/ udk,fhv#ifudk,f0,f/ tvrg,fodk h/ tEW&m,fa&muf ajy;aygufvrf;rSm;/ oOfaysmufjim;vOf;/ w&m;r&/ rif;oHkn[k a&S;xHkrf;a[mif;rsm;wdk hudk/ eSpfvHkrf;rlvsufapmifha&Smufap &monf// xdkrSwHkvnf;/ olavSmifolysuf/ aygif;zufpum;/ rif;=uD;rSm;rl wdkif;um;rpOfysufwwfonf[k a&S;ynm[dwdk@ qdkqHkrR a=om0g' ay;cJh aom ta=umif;w&m;rsm;wdk@udk toifhtwifheSpfvHkrf;rlI apmifh a&Smufap&monf//

4ifjyif jydKifanmifyifYtoD;tyGifhwdk@onf jyOfh0Srf;pGmoD;yGifh vsuf &Sdavjcif;a=umihf// aus;iSuftaygif;wdk@oOfvOf; rSDcdkvsufpm; aomufjcif;jzifh om,mpGmaebdouJhodk@? xdkenf;wlpGm igwdk@trsKd; av;yg;wdk@Yvnf;? rSDcdkuyfv#uf vkyfudkifpm;aomufjcif;jzifhY csrf;omok cjzifh jyOf@pHkpGmjzpfap&rf? apmifha&Smuf&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (42) wdkif;c&dkifY &Sd=uukefaom trsKd;av;yg;wdk@wGif? olqif;&J awmifolrduQvlwdk@onf? olaX;ol=uG,f ukefoG,fv,fvkyfwdk@Y? toD;oD; nmwdo*F[wdk@tm; rSDcdkv#ufvkyfudkifpm;aomuf=u&efvnf;wyg;? (43) 4if;jyifrSDcdkvkyfudkif pm;aomH=uaom olwdk@tm; apmifha&SmHaxmufyifhaom olwdk@onf oGrf oifajyma[m qdkqHkrRjcif;Y? omomcsKdcsKdtm;jzifh? olwyg;wdk@tm;


24

cspfjrwfEdk;jcif; jzpfpdrfhaomiSm rSDcdkkY apmifha&SmH&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (44) xdkjyif =urf;=uKyfpGmjzifh olwyg;wdk@tm;&ufpufpGm ynmarhuif;v#uf? apmifha&SmHjcif;Y a&Smif=uOf&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (45) rdrdYrSDcdkaomolwdk@ tm;? avmu0wfwdk@jzifh olwdk@udkxpfonfhtm;av#mfpGm jyOf@0apv#uf? r_rScyfodrf;wdk@udk aqmif&Gufxdrf;odrf;apmifha&SmH&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (46) olpdrf;olAsufyifjzpfjim;aomfvnf;? rSDcdkv#uf&Sdaomolwdk@tm;? apmifh a&SmHxdrf;odrf;tkyfcsKyfjcif;wGif? rdzawG@AdouJhodk@ omom=unf=unftm; jzifh apmifha&SmH&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (47) rdrdwdk@Y aqG&if;om;ajr; aus;u|rf; oif;yif;wdk@tm;? arG@arG@av#mfav#mf? aysmfaysmfyg;yg;jzpfpdrfhjcif;iSm? ajymqdk jcif;Y E_wfcsKdysm;uJhodk@ qdkqHkrRv#uf t0yftpm;ay;uef;aqmif&Guf+yD; v#if rnkd;rEGrf;apay; arG;jrL&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (48) &cdkiftrsKd;t&dk;wdk@Y? tpOfqif;oufv#uf? usifhoHk;aqmHwnf=u&aom usifh0yfynmyfw&m; wdk@udk rarhrav#mapv#uf apmifha&Smuf&jcif;vnf;wyg;? tXpwWvDo (48) yg;aom usifh0wfw&m;onfv#if TwGiftqHkrf;w&m;aywnf;? ? anmif*efusrf;wGifaz:jyv#ufa&;ul;aomw&m;aywnf;?

1287 ck owif;u|wfvqef; 15 &ufae@?1287 ck owif;u|wfvqef; 15 &ufae@?1287 ck owif;u|wfvqef; 15 &ufae@?1287 ck owif;u|wfvqef; 15 &ufae@? OD;omxGef;atmifOD;omxGef;atmifOD;omxGef;atmifOD;omxGef;atmif

4if;a&$AsKdif;"rRom'f xdktcg EdkifiefawmfwGif xdrf;odrf;tkyf csKyf awmf vmonfhtwdkif; v#uf&Sd=uukefaom c&dkifrif;wdk@onf? t yXr yk'fY aqmif&Guf oD;oD; pDrefaqmif&Guf azG@Jpnf;=uav onf azG@JpOf;=u&rfta=umif;? wGif? òr@awmfY azG@JpOf;&rfrSm? òr@t*Fgq,fyg; wnf;? q,fyg;[laomfum;? (1) wdkif;jynfY bk&ifrif;vnf;wyg;? (2) wdkif;c&dkifEdkifiefawmfwGif w&m;ESifhtnD? pD&if qHkrf;jzwfEdkifaom ynm&Sd jynfpdk;}uD;vOf;wyg;? (3) wzuf&rfolwdk@udk òzzsufESdyfuGyfydjym;Edkifaom 'g;ydkif}uD;vnf;wyg;? (4) qif jrif; &xm; ajconfwdk@ESifh pHkvifpGm òr@awmfY &Sd&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (5) wdkif;jynfY rif; .tusKd;awmfaqmif udk,sHKawmf oHw&_dtrwfynm&Sdvnf;wyg;? (6) wdkif;c&dkifEdkifiefawmfwGif usHKajrmif; &if'g; twGif;jyiftm;jzifh ðyjyif azG@JpOf;v#uf cdkifcrfhpGmðyvkyfxm;&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (7) EdkifiefawmfY


25

=u,f v euQmyfw&mwdk@udk odrf;ypfazG@HpOf;v#uf udrf;crf;,=wmtm; jzifh? tum}uD;w&m? tumi,fwaxmif jyGefaygufwaxmif ðyvkyf azG@JpOf;&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (8) EdkifiefawmfY &wemq,fyg;tm;jzifh wdkuf usDusðyvkyfv#uf jyOf@0Srf;pGm pDrefaqmif&Guf&Sd&jcif;vnf;wyg;? 4if;q,f yg;wGif pyg;rsKd;ckESpfyg;vnf; tygt0ifwnf;? (9) e,fjynfawmfwGif ynm ody }uD;yGm;ap&ef? avmuDtwwfynm odywdkufawmfESifh? avm ukwW&mtwwfynm ody}uD;yGm;jrifhjrwfjyef@aygapjcif;iSm4if;? xdkESpf&yf om wdkufawmfwdk@udk }uD;us,fcrf;em;pGm ðyvkyfaqmif&Gufv#uf azG@JpOf; v#uf ay;&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (10) Edkifiefawmfom;wdk@. tusKd;pD;yGm; tvdk@iSm? aqmif&Gufxdrf;odrf;&ef jynf.tusKd;aqmif AE<mawmfwdkuf azG@Jpnf;ðyvkyfay;&jcif;vnf;wyg;? Tonfv#if EdkifiefawmfwGif xdrf;odrf;aqmif&Guf&efaom ta=umif;q,fygwnf;? trsKd;av;yg;wdk@Y usifhoHk;apmifh trsKd;av;yg;wdk@Y apmifha&SmH&m aom a&SmH=u&H w&m;tjym; (30) . usifh0wfw&m;[laomfum;? tjym; ta=umif;? tm;jzifh (30) wnf;? xdkw&m;wdk@wGif rif;Y usifh&aom w&m;[laomfum; rif;usifh0wfw&m; q,f yg;? ty%d[med,w&m; ckESpfyg;? em,uukef ajcmHyg;? jA[R0d[m& w&m;av;yg;? yOPoDig;yg;? Tonfv#if rif;usifh0yf w&m; tjym;tm;jzifh (30) aywnf;? xdkrSwyg;Edkifiefawmfom; trsKd;oHk; yg;wdk@Y usifh0yfw&m;[laomfum;? tus,ftm;jzifh (103) aywnf;? Tt&mY tus,fudk rsm;aomtm;jzifh az:xkyfa&;ul;v#ufrjyvdkuf+yD? tus,fudk odvdkrl? jAL[yfanmif*efusrf;ESifh? avmuom& usrf;wdk@udkvOf;? &cdkiftrsKd;t&dk;wdk@. rla[mif;usrf;udk &SmI =uOf@od av&m.? wdkif;jynfY xdrf;odrf;tkyfcsKyf EdkifiefawmfY tkyfcsKyfxdrf;odrf;=u =uaom c&dkifrif;wdk@. usifh aom c&dkifrif;wdk@Y apmifha&SmHxdrf; 0wfw&m;ta=umif;? odrf;a&Smif=unf&maom usifh0wf w&m; ckESpfyg;wnf;? ckESpfyg;[l aomfum; E_yf vuf =uef;'ef;jcif;udkvnf; a&Smif=unf&m.? wpdk;


26

vufaqmif yef;em;wnf;[laom ypPOf;&yfrsm;wdk@udkvnf; wwfruf armojzifh vuQHoHk;pGJ pm;aomufjcif;udkvnf;? a&Smif=unf&m. (2) ol wyg;wdk@Y pnf;vJ;aumufuspfwwfaom pdwfoabmwdk@ESifh? a'goapm tm;jzifh jiL;pl;jcif;jzifhjzpfwwfaom t&mwdk@udkvnf; a&Smif=unf&m.? (3) avmb a'go arm[ w&m;wdk@onf rdrdY}uD;us,fpGma&mufjcif;udk vnf; a&Smif=unf&m.? (4) olwyg;wdk@tm; a=umuf&Gef@wkefv_yfwwf aom pdwfoabm tpnfwdk@udkvnf; a&Smif=unf&m.? (5) owd,kwf v#v#uf xdkif;r_dif;awGa0wwfaom *wdw&m;wdk@udkvnf; a&Smif=unf&m .? (6) rif;ESifhwuG jyOfolwdk@. tusKd;pD;yGm;arhjzpf&maom w&m;wdk@udk pDrefazGH@pOf;aqmif&Gufjcif;udkvnf; a&Smif=uOf&m.? (7) Tonfv#if EdkifiefawmfY tkyfcsKyf=uaom c&dkifrif;wdk@. usifh0wfw&m; ckESpfyg;ay wnf;? EdkifiefawmfwGif trsKd;oHk;yg;wdk@ xdkjyifEdkifiefawmfY trsKd;oHk; Y tusKd;awmfaqmif&Guf&ef yg;wdk@tm; tusKd;awmfaqmif v$Jtyfaom Ag;bltcsKyf vl &Gufaom Ag;bl tcsKyfvl}uD; }uD;usifh0wfw&m;ta=umif; tm; rdrdY xdrf;odrf;apmifh a&SmH &maom usifh0wfw&m; (10) yg;wnf;? q,fyg;[laomfum;? txufjyqdkcJhaom usifh0wfw&m; ckESpf yg;wdk@ESifhwuG rdrdY &wemq,fyg;tm;jzifh jyOf@zsKd;jcif;t*FgESifh nDnGwfpGm &Sd&jcif;vnf;wyg;? (8) razgufrjyef orRm'dw&m;tm;jzifh wnfwef@ cdkifcrfhpGmjzifh rdrdYjynfhpHk&jcif;wyg;? (9) owW0gtaygif;wdk@udk rdwWmpdwf tm;jzifh ruif;ruGm tjrJwnfv#uf apmifha&SmH&jcif;vnf;wyg; Tonf v#ifjynf.tusKd;awmfaqmif Ag;bltcsKyfvl}uD;. usifh0wfw&m; q,f yg;aywnf;? oacFy tusnf;tm;jzifhtrsKd; rif;ESifhwuG Edkifiefawmfom;trsKd; av;yg;wdk@tm; a&Smif=unf&m oHk;yg;wdk@onf? rEka&$AsKdif;"rRom"f aom usifh0wfw&m;udk az:jy awmft& xdrf;odrf;apmifha&SmH&rf jcif;ta=umif;? trdef@tmem xkyfjyefawmfrlonf


27

rSm? rif;ESifhwuG olaX;o l =uG,f ukefoG,f avvkyfolqif;&J; awmifolrduQ vlrSpI aqmif &Gufxdrf;odrf;a&Smif=unf&maom usifh0wfw&m;[laomf um;? om;r aumif;v#iftz? oRD;raumif;v#if trd? r,m;r aumif;v#ifvif? u|efraumif;v#if t&Sif? &Gmraumif;v#if &yfuGyf? jynfraumif; v#if trwf? rif;raumif;v#if wdkif;jynfrS u|wfvGwfap&monf? xdkrSwyg; Edkifiefawmfom; trsKd;oHkrg;wdk@ Yvnf; usifhoHkrf;aexdkif 0wfpm; oHkrf; aqmifjcif;Y/ a&Smif=uOf&m aom w&m;onfum; r[mEG,f rif;rsKd;wdk@. aexdkif0wfpm; aqif&Gufjcif;udk ukefoG,favvkyfwdk@tm; a&Smif=unf &m.? ukefoG,favvkyfwdk@. aexdkif0wfpm; usifhoHkrf;aqmif&Gufjcif; udk olqif;&J;awmifolrduQ vlwdk@tm;a&Smif=uOf&m.[k tusnf;tm;jzifh xdrf;odrf;a&Smif=unf&maom usifh0wfw&m; q,fyg;aywnf;?

Documents

Great History of Rakhaing (ဓညဝတီ ရခိုင္ မဟာရာဇဝင္ေတာ္ၾကီး)