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Army Lists Greece and Macedon Contents

ClassicalGreece ThracianHillTribes EarlyMacedonian Illyrian AlexandrianMacedonian MacedonianSuccessor Thraco‐Macedonian Pyrrhic LaterMacedonian HellenisticGreek Thraco‐Roman EasternLaterFoederateRoman

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Creating an army with the Mortem et Gloriam Army Lists

UsethearmyliststocreateyourowncustomisedarmiesusingtheMortemetGloriamArmyBuilder.

Therearefewgeneralrulestofollow:1. Anarmymusthaveatleast2generalsandcanhavenomorethan4.2. Youmusttakeatleasttheminimumofanytroopsnoted,andmaynotgobeyondthemaximumofany.3. NoarmymayhavemorethantwogeneralswhoareTalentedorbetter.4. AnyUGscanbedowngradedbyonequalitygradeand/orbyoneshootingskillrepresentinglessstrong,tired

orunderstrengthtroops.IfanybasesaredowngradedallintheTuGmustbedowngraded.SoAverage‐ExperiencedskirmisherscanalwaysbedowngradedtoPoor‐Unskilled.

5. AnytroopswithMeleeExpertcanbedowngradedbyremovingthischaracteristicrepresentinglesswelltrainedorskilledtroops.

6. AllmountedskirmisherswhoarenotSkilledcantakeCantabrianasacharacteristic.7. AnyDrilledInfantry,oranyFormedInfantrywithPikeorLongSpear,cantakeOrb/Squareasacharacteristic.

Wherealliesareallowedtheymustconformtothefollowingrules:

1. Theymustbeaminimumof2andamaximumof4UGs.2. TheymusttakeUGssufficienttogetthemtoatleast50%oftheminimumsinthelistbeingused.3. TheycanthereaftertakeanytroopsuptothemaximumtocreatetherestoftheAlliedcontingent.4. Usuallythisresultsin1‐3UGsbeingcompulsoryandyouhavingfullflexibilityontherest.

Army Commander 1 DatesSub‐Generals 1-3 RegionsInternal Allied Generals 1-3 Terrain

Camp

Protection MELEE SHOOTING Mandatory Optional

Thessalian cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Superior - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 8 18 4,6

Other Greek cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 4 8 4,6

Citizen hoplites INFANTRY Formed Close Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square 12 80 6,8,9

Replace citizen hoplites with

Mercenary hoplites INFANTRY Drilled Close Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square 0 48 6,8,9

Spartan royal guard INFANTRY Drilled Close Exceptional - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield CoverOrb/Square, Melee

Expert0 6 6

Spartan spartiates INFANTRY Drilled Close Superior - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield CoverOrb/Square, Melee

Expert12 24 6,8,9

Spartan periokoi INFANTRY Formed Close Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square 12 40 6,8,9

Sacred Band hoplites INFANTRY Drilled Close Superior - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square 0 6 6

Poorer quality citizen hoplites INFANTRY Formed Close Poor - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square 0 80 6,8,9

Only after 380 B.C. replace citizen hoplites with

Iphiktretean hoplites INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove Orb/Square 0 9 6,8,9

Thracians INFANTRY Tribal Loose Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 0 9 6,8,9

Light horse CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - Cantabrian 0 6 4,6

Thessalian light horse CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - Cantabrian 6 24 4,6

Peltasts INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - - 0 18 6,9

Psiloi - javelinmen INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin Combat Shy - 0 18 6,9

Psiloi - archer INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 12 6,9

Psiloi - slinger INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Sling Combat Shy - 0 12 6,9

Cretan archer INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Skilled Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 9 6,9

Spartan helots INFANTRY Skirmisher Poor Unskilled Unprotected - Javelin Combat Shy - 0 24 6,9

Spartan : Any Professional; Others : Any 670 B.C. to 200 B.C.Spartan : Any Professional; Others : Any Greece and MacedonSpartan : Any Professional; Others : Any Standard, Coastal, Mountains

Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Average

Name TypeTraining & Formation Quality Shooting

Weaponry Characteristics Min Bases

Max Bases

UG Size

Classical Greek

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Aitolian, Arkanian, Phokian or Thessalian javelinmen

INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - - 18 180 6,9


Max Bases

UG SizeName Type

Training & Formation Quality Shooting

Apulian or Lucanian allies (Tarantine from 290 to 282 B.C. ) (Any Instinctive)

Historical NotesThe Greeks emerged from the fall of the Mycenean civilization. Due to the nature of the terrain Greece was divided into many small self-governing communities. A growing population and shortage of land resulted in both widespread colonization and internal strife between the poor and rich. By the 6th century the dominant cities were Athens, Sparta and Thebes.The defeat of the Persian invasions in 490 B.C. and 479 B.C. led to the rise of Athens as the pre-eminent state. The Peloponnesian War from 431 B.C. to 404 B.C. saw Sparta defeat Athens and become the leading state. The Spartans were then defeated at Leuctra (371 B.C.) and Mantinea (362 B.C.) which saw Thebes become the leading state. The tactics of Epaminondas, the Theban general, influenced Philip of Macedon. Macedon dominated Greek affairs after the defeat by Philip of an allied Theban and Athenian army at Chaeronea in 338 B.C.Greece was then contested by various successors of Alexander until the invasion of the Galatians in 279 B.C.

NotesThe army's state must be specified. Any allied contingent must be of another specific state. A command may not mix troops from different specified states. Minimum for Thessalians only applies if a Thessalian army or contingent is used. After 275 B.C. mainland Greek armies should use the Hellenistic Greek list. The following internal allied combinations permitted include: Spartans in 422 BC - Theban; Spartans from 403 BC to 400 BC or 369 BC to 362 BC - Athenian; Thebans in 394 BC - Argive and Athenian, Thebans in 362 BC -Thessalian, Thebans in 338 BC - Athenian, Thebans in 279 BC Athenian and Aitolian; Athenians from 323 BC to 322 BC - Thessalian and/or Aitolian, Athenians in 279 BC - Boiotian and Aitolian; Argives in 418 BC - Athenian; Phokians from 357 BC to 347 BC - Athenians and/or Spartans; Aitolians in 321 BC - Thessalian; Tarantines from 343 BC to 338 B.C. - Spartans.

AlliesMacedonians - Early Macedonian (Athenians from 432 BC to 421 BC and in 359 BC) (Any Inistinctive)Satrapal allies - Later Achaemenid Persian (Ephesus in 409 BC:) (Any)Satrapal allies - Later Achaemenid Persian (Sparta in 408 BC:) (Any)Early Macedonian (Spartan from 382 BC to 381 BC) (Any Instinctive)



Camp


Nobles and followers with spears and javelins

INFANTRY Tribal Loose Superior Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 0 18 6

Replace spears and javelins with rhomphaia (only after 350 B.C.)

INFANTRY Tribal Loose Superior - Protected - -Devastating Chargers,

Melee Expert- Any

Warriors with spears and javelins INFANTRY Tribal Loose Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 18 120 6,8,9

Replace spears and javelins with rhomphaia(only after 350 B.C.)

INFANTRY Tribal Loose Average - Protected - -Devastating Chargers,

Melee Expert- Any

Cavalry CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - Cantabrian 0 6 4,6

Javelinmen INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - - 18 36 6,9

Archers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 9 6,9

Slingers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Sling Combat Shy - 0 9 6,9

Any Instinctive 550 B.C. to 25 A.D.Any Instinctive Greece and Macedon

Historical NotesThe Thracians were a group of tribes occupying south east Europe between Macedonia and the Black Sea. The mountainous regions were notorious for various tribes regarded as warlike and ferocious. In the first decade of the 5th century B.C. the Persians subjugated parts of Thrace and Thracians contributed to the army of Xerxes. After the withdrawal of the Persians the Thracian presence was pervasive enough for Herodotus to say they were potentially the most powerful people if not for their lack of unity.The Thracians were partly conquered by Philip II of Macedon and then ruled by Lysimachus (see Thraco-Macedonian list). In 279 B.C. a group of Celts invaded Thrace and whilst many moved into Asia Minor, some remained in Thrace until the end of the 3rd century B.C. establishing the kingdom of Thylis.After the Romans created the province of Macedonia in 146 B.C. Thrace remained nominally independent. A Roman client state was established by 25 B.C. (see Thraco-Roman list). Thrace wasn't incorporated into a Roman province until 46 A.D.

NotesThis list would cover Thracian tribes such as the Bessi and Dii. Only one noble unit is permitted in each command.Internal allies can include hill tribes or lowland tribes.

Any Instinctive Mountains, ForestUnfortified or Flexible; Poor or Average



Max Bases

UG Size

Thracian Hill Tribes



Camp


Nobles CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 4 8 4,6

Upgrade Nobles (only after 420 B.C.) CAVALRY Drilled Loose Superior - Protected Charging Lancer - Melee Expert - 0 Any 4,6

Warriors INFANTRY Tribal Loose Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 24 90 6,8,9

Macedonian hoplites INFANTRY Tribal Close Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove Orb/Square 0 8 6,8

Illyrian mercenaries INFANTRY Tribal Flexible Average Unskilled Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 0 9 6,8,9

Greek hoplites INFANTRY Formed Close Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square 0 16 6,8

Upgrade hoplites as Pezetairoi (only after 370 B.C.)

INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove Orb/Square 0 16 6,8




Macedonia was a kingdom on the northern periphery of Greece. Arount 512 B.C. it became a vassal state of Achaemenid Persia. Persian control lapsed during the Ionian revolt but was re-established in 492 B.C. The kingdom regained its independence following the defeat of the Persians in 479 B.C. Prior to the reign of Philip II it was dominated by the great city states of Athens and Sparta.

NotesAn Illyrian ally cannot be used with any other ally.

Illyrian allies (Any Instinctive)

Historical Notes

Any Instinctive 500 B.C. to 359 B.C.Any Instinctive Greece and Macedon

AlliesAthenian allies - Classical Greek (435 B.C. to 427 B.C or from 367 B.C.) (Any)Spartan allies - Classical Greek (424 B.C. to 422 B.C. or 382 B.C. to 381 B.C.) (Any Professional)Thesallian allies - Classical Greek (392 B.C. or 369 B.C. to 368 B.C.) (Any)

Any Instinctive Coastal, MountainsFlexible; Poor or Average



Max Bases

UG Size

Early Macedonian



Camp


Warriors INFANTRY Tribal Flexible Average Unskilled Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 18 120 6,8,9

Best warriors INFANTRY Tribal Flexible Superior Unskilled Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 0 18 6

"Hoplites" (only before 150 B.C.) INFANTRY Tribal Close Average - Protected Long Spear - - - 0 24 6,8

Illyrian cavalry CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - Cantabrian 0 8 4,6

Javelinmen INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - - 9 18 6.9

Archers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 9 6.9

Slingers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Sling Combat Shy - 0 9 6.9


AlliesSyracusan allies (385 B.C.) (Any)

Historical NotesThe Illyrians were a group of tribes that inhabited the western part of the Balkans and the south-eastern coast of Italy (Messapia). Illyrian piracy was a significant danger to neighbouring peoples. The first known king was Bardyllis who was defeated by Philip II of Macedon in 358 B.C. In the Illyrian Wars of 229 B.C., 219 B.C. and 168 B.C. Roman armies overran Illyria and suppressed piracy. Further wars in the interior of the western Balkans continued for a further 150 years. An Illyrian revolt from 6 A.D. to 9 A.D. was crushed under Augustus and resulted in the creation of the Roman provinces of Dalmatia and Pannonia.

NotesOnly 1 unit of best warriors is permitted in each command.

Any Instinctive Coastal, MountainsUnfortified or Flexible; Poor or Average



Max Bases

UG Size

Illyrian


Army Commander 1 DatesSub‐Generals 1-3 RegionsInternal Allied Generals Terrain

Camp


Elephants(only from 326 B.C.)

ELEPHANTS Tribal Loose Average - Protected - - Shove - 0 4 2,3,4

Agema (only if Alexander is present) CAVALRY Drilled Loose Exceptional - Protected Charging Lancer - Melee Expert - 0 4 4

Companion cavalry CAVALRY Drilled Loose Superior - Protected Charging Lancer - Melee Expert - 4 8 4,6

Thessalian cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Superior - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 0 4 4

Greek cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 0 4 4

Scythian horse archers(only from 328 B.C.)

CAVALRY Formed Flexible Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow - - 0 6 4,6

Hypaspists INFANTRY Drilled Close Superior - Protected Pike - Shove Orb/Square 0 8 8

Foot companions INFANTRY Drilled Close Average - Protected Pike - Shove Orb/Square 16 32 8

Mercenary hoplites INFANTRY Drilled Close Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square 0 6 6

Iphikretean hoplites INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove Orb/Square 0 9 6,8

Allied hoplites INFANTRY Formed Close Poor - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover - 0 18 6,8

Thracians INFANTRY Formed Loose Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 0 9 6,8

Indian foot(only from 326 B.C.)

INFANTRY Tribal Loose Poor Experienced Unprotected - Bow - - 0 9 6,8,9

Prodomoi CAVALRY Skirmisher Average - Unprotected Charging Lancer - Melee Expert - 0 6 4,6


Agrianian javelinmen INFANTRY Skirmisher Superior Experienced Protected - Javelin Melee Expert - 0 9 6,9

Cretan archers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Skilled Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 9 6,9

Macedonian archers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 9 6,9

Rhodian slingers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Sling Combat Shy - 0 9 6,9

Illyrian or Thracian javelinmen INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin Combat Shy - 0 9 6,9

Alexander = Legendary, or Any Professional 358 B.C. to 323 B.C.Any Professional Greece and Macedon

Standard, Coastal, MountainsUnfortified; Poor, Average or Superior



Max Bases

UG Size

Alexandrian Macedonian


Historical NotesPhilip II was the youngest son of king Amyntas III and queen Eurydice. The deaths of Philip's elder brothers, King Alexander II and Perdiccas III, allowed him to take the throne in 359 BC. Originally appointed regent for his infant nephew Amyntas IV, who was the son of Perdiccas III, Philip managed to take the kingdom for himself that same year.Shortly after gaining the throne of Macedon Philip II set about reforming the army. Philip improved on the military innovations of Epaminondas of Thebes and Iphicrates of Athens, introducing the use of the two handed pike. For the first time in Greek warfare, cavalry became a decisive arm in battle. The Macedonian army perfected the co-ordination of different troop types.After campaigns against the Illyrians, Greeks, Thracians and Scythians, and defeating an alliance of Thebans and Athenians at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 B.C. Philip established a position of having the majority of Greeks under Macedonian sovereignty. In 337 B.C. he was elected as leader of the army of invasion against the Persian empire. Assasinated in 336 B.C., he was succeeded by his son Alexander, who later became known as Alexander the Great.In 334 B.C. Alexander invaded the Persian empire and in a series of decisive battles broke the power of Persia. He went on to invade India and only stopped when his army refused to go any further. He died in Babylon in 323 B.C.

Notes



Camp


Elephants ELEPHANTS Tribal Loose Average Experienced Protected - Bow Shove - 0 4 2,3,4

Xystophoroi CAVALRY Drilled Loose Superior - Protected Charging Lancer - Melee Expert - 4 8 4,6

Greek cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 0 8 4,6

Elite or veteran phalangites INFANTRY Drilled Close Superior - Protected Pike - Shove Orb/Square 0 8 8

Macedonian phalangites INFANTRY Drilled Close Average - Protected Pike - Shove Orb/Square 8 24 8

Greek mercenaries INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove Orb/Square 6 24 6,8


Illyrians INFANTRY Tribal Flexible Average Unskilled Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 0 9 6,8,9





Javelinmen INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin Combat Shy - 0 9 6,9

Paeonian allies (Only Kassandros in 310 B.C.) (Any Instinctive)

Eretrian allies - Classical Greek (Only Ptolemais from 313 B.C. to 309 B.C) (Any)Boiotian allies - Classical Greek (Only Ptolemais from 313 B.C. to 309 B.C) (Any)Aitolian allies - Classical Greek (Only Polyperchon in 310 B.C.) (Any)

Athenian or other Greek allies - Classical Greek (Only Polyperchon before 316 BC or Kassandros after 317 BC) (Any)Arkanian allies - Classical Greek (Only Lykiskos in 314 B.C.) (Any)

Any Professional 323 B.C. to 280 B.C.Any Professional Greece and Macedon

Allies

Standard, Coastal, MountainsUnfortied or Fortified; Poor or Average



Max Bases

UG Size

Macedonian Successor


Historical NotesAfter the death of Alexander the Great, Macedonia was controlled by a series of generals. Initially Antipater held a quasi-regency but in 319 B.C. he succumbed to old age. He appointed Polyperchon as his successor but Polyperchon was challenged by Cassander who seized Philip Arrhidaeus (a half-brother of Alexander). Polyperchon was joined by Olympias, Alexander's mother who controlled Alexander's grandson. Olympias was captured in 316 B.C. and put to death by Cassander. In 313 B.C. Antigonus and his generals attacked Cassander and gained control of a significant part of Greece.In 310 B.C. a nephew of Antigonus, Polemaeus offered an alliance to Cassander. Antigonus responded by enlisting Polyperchon to invade Macedonia but Polyperchon switched sides to ally himself with Cassander. In 304 B.C. Antigonus sent his son Demetrius to recapture Greece. This forced Cassander into an alliance with Lysimachus, Ptolemy and Seleucus that led to the defeat and death of Antigonus at the battle of Ipsus in 301 B.C.In 298 B.C. Cassander died. The eldest son Philip IV died shortly after his father and the kingdom was divided between two further sons Alexander and Antipater. Alexander invited both Pyrrhus and Demetrius to support him against his brother. Pyrrhus responded first and restored the balance of power. Demetrius then arrived, murdered Alexander and then seized the remainder of the kingdom from Antipater. Demetrius however couldn't hold the loyalty of the kingdom and in 289 B.C. it was invaded by and divided up between Pyrrhus and Lysimachus. Lysimachus was able to seize the whole kingdom by 288 B.C.In 281 B.C. Lysimachus was killed at the Battle of Corupedium by Seleucus, but as Seleucus crossed the Dardanelles he was killed by Ptolemy Ceraunus who seized the Macedonian throne. Ceraunus however survived barely one year before being killed whilst fighting an invasion of Celts known as the Galatians.

Notes



Camp


Elephants (only after 288 B.C.) ELEPHANTS Tribal Loose Average Experienced Protected - Bow Shove - 0 2 2


Cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 0 8 4,6

Phalangites INFANTRY Drilled Close Average - Protected Pike - Shove Orb/Square 8 16 8

Macedonian phalangites (only after 288 B.C.)

INFANTRY Drilled Close Average - Protected Pike - Shove Orb/Square 0 16 8

Greek mercenaries INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove Orb/Square 0 24 6,8

Greek subject hoplites INFANTRY Formed Close Poor - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square 0 8 6,8


Upgrade Thracians with rhomphaia INFANTRY Tribal Loose Average - Protected - -Devastating Chargers,

Melee Expert- 0 Any 6,8,9


Lycians or similar (only after 302 B.C.) INFANTRY Tribal Close Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove Orb/Square 0 8 4,6





Kassandrid allies - Macedonian Successor (Only 302 B.C. to 301 B.C) (Any Professional)Seleukid allies - Asiatic Successor (Only 302 B.C. to 301 B.C.) (Any Professional) Thracian allies - Thracian Hill Tribes or Thracian Lowland Tribes (only before 302 B.C.) (Any Instinctive)

Allies


Standard, Coastal, MountainsUnfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average



Max Bases

UG Size

Thraco‐Macedonian


Lysimachus was one of the bodyguards of Alexander the Great. After Alexander's death in 323 B.C. he was appointed as governor of Thrace. In the next 10 years he consolidated his control of Thrace and in 315 B.C. had to supress a major revolt of the Thracian and Sythian tribes and Greek cities instigated by Antigonus. In 302 B.C. he allied with Seleucus and Cassander to defeat and kill Antigonus at the battle of Ipsus in 301 B.C. In 288 B.C. he invaded Macedonia and with Pyrrhus expelled Demetrius. He then expelled Pyrrhus and seized the Macedonian throne. He was defeated by Seleucus at the battle of Corupedium in 281 B.C and killed.

Notes If Kassandrid and/or Seleukid allies are taken then they may be treated as sub generals and not ally generals. Up to 6 UGs may be taken from each ally instead of the normal 4.

Historical Notes



Camp



Greek or Italian cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 4 12 4,6

Phalangites INFANTRY Drilled Close Average - Protected Pike - Shove Orb/Square 16 48 8

Hoplites INFANTRY Formed Close Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square 0 18 6,8,9

Elephants ELEPHANTS Tribal Loose Average - Protected - - Shove - 0 2 2

Only from 280 B.C. to 275 B.C.

Tarentine phalangites INFANTRY Formed Close Average - Protected Pike - Shove Orb/Square 8 24 8

Samnite, Bruttian, or Lucanian javelinmen

INFANTRY Formed Flexible Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 6 24 6,8

Light horse CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Protected - Javelin - Cantabrian 0 8 4,6




Notes

Historical NotesPyrrhus was son of Aeacides, king of Epirus, who was dethroned in 317 B.C. He held the throne from 307 B.C. until expelled in 302 B.C. He then took service with Demetrius and then Ptolemy who restored Pyrrhus to the throne of Epirus. By 294 B.C. he was securely on the throne when he received a call for aid from Alexander, son of Craterus. In 289 B.C. he defeated a general of Demetrius. In 288 B.C. he seized the western half of Macedonia but was subsequently expelled by Lysimachus. In 281 B.C he received an invitation from the Greek city of Tarentum in southern Italy to help them against the Romans. He landed in 280 B.C. and fought two major battles at Heraclea and Asculum. The term "Pyrrhic victory" derives from these battles. In 278 B.C. he received a call for help from Syracuse and landed in Sicily. He defeated the Carthaginians who were pushed back into the fortress of Lilybaeum. His Siciliote subjects refused to support the effort for an expedition to Africa and Pyrrhus abandoned them to return to Epirus.In 274 B.C. Pyrrhus invaded Macedonia and captured the western portion from Antiogonus Gonatas. He could not hold on to Macedonia and then went to the aid of a Spartan pretender. He failed to capture Sparta and was killed at Argos.

Professional - Talented or Legendary 294 B.C. to 272 B.C.Professional any quality Greece and Macedon

AlliesAitolian allies - Classical Greek (294 B.C.) (Any)

Coastal, MountainsUnfortified or Fortified; Poor, Average or Superior



Max Bases

UG Size

Pyrrhic



Camp


Macedonian cavalry CAVALRY Drilled Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 4 6 4,6

Greek, Thracian or Galatian cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 0 6 4,6

Agema INFANTRY Drilled Close Superior - Protected Pike - Shove Orb/Square 0 8 8

Peltasts INFANTRY Drilled Close Average - Protected Pike - Shove Orb/Square 8 16 8

"Chalkaspides" and "Leukaspides" INFANTRY Formed Close Average - Protected Pike - Shove Orb/Square 0 18 8

Thorakitai INFANTRY Drilled Close Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square 0 9 6,8,9

Thracians INFANTRY Formed Loose Average - Protected - -Devastating Chargers,

Melee Expert- 0 12 6,8,9


Galatians INFANTRY Formed Close Average - Protected - - Devastating Chargers - 0 18 6,8,9

Thureophoroi INFANTRY Drilled Close Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove Orb/Square 6 18 6,8,9





Achaean allies - Hellenistic Greek (From 222 B.C. to 202 B.C.) (Any Professional)Spartan allies (272 B.C.) (Any Professional)Argive allies (272 B.C.) (Any)

AlliesGalatian allies (From 277 to 274 B.C.) (Any Instinctive)


Standard, Coastal, MountainsUnfortified or Flexible; Poor, Average or Superior



Max Bases

UG Size

Later Macedonian


In 277 B.C. Antigonus Gonatas, the son of Demetrius, defeated a large band of Galatian marauders. On returning to Macedonia which was in chaos after the Galatian invasions he was acclaimed as king, thereby founding a dynasty that was to last for 110 years. Over the next 38 years he consolidated his power in Macedon, eventually winning a major naval battle against Ptolemy to secure control of the Aegean sea. In Greece he was unable to prevent the rise of the Achaean league but held onto Corinth.Antigonus was succeeded by Demetrius II who in turn was succeeded by Antigonus Doson. In 222 B.C., allied to the Achaean league, he defeated the reformed army of Sparta under Cleomenes. He died in 221 B.C. and was succeeded by Philip V. Philip was defeated by the Romans at the battle of Cynoscephslae in 197 B.C. His son Perseus was defeated by the Romans at the battle of Pydna in 168 B.C. Macedonia was divided into four federal republics but after a revolt (150 B.C. to 149 B.C.) was converted into a Roman province.

Notes

Historical Notes



Camp



Achaean or Athenian lancers CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Charging Lancer - Melee Expert - 0 6 4,6

Thureophoroi INFANTRY Formed Close Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove Orb/Square 6 90 6,8

Hoplites INFANTRY Formed Close Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square 0 48 6,8

Spartiates INFANTRY Drilled Close Superior - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield CoverOrb/Square, Melee

Expert6 9 6,8

Spartan periokoi INFANTRY Formed Close Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square 12 18 6,8

Phalangites INFANTRY Formed Close Average - Protected Pike - Shove Orb/Square 16 48 8

Thorakitai INFANTRY Drilled Close Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square 0 8 6,8

Freed slaves (only Achaean in 146 B.C.)

INFANTRY Tribal Close Average - Protected Pike - Shove Orb/Square 0 24 8


Euzenoi INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 0 18 6,9

Aitolian javelinmen INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - - 27 120 6,9




Historical NotesBetween 275 B.C. and 146 B.C. Greece was dominated by Macedonia, the Aitolian League and the Achaean league. The Aitolian League became a major power after defeating the Galatian invasion of Greece. It was a disruptive force in Greek politics, inviting the Romans in their fight against Philip V of Macedon and allying themselves with Antiochus III. This last act led to Roman reprisals which effectively destroyed the League as a political force. From 245 B.C. the Achaean League was transformed from a group of minor cities into a powerful force by Aratus of Sicyon. It dominated the Peloponnese until the sack of Corinth in 146 B.C. when Greece became a Roman province.Sparta was a minor power but was reformed by Cleomenes III and its fortunes briefly revived until the defeat at Sellasia by Antiogonus III in 222 B.C. Athens never regained its former glory.

Any Professional 275 B.C. to 146 B.C.Any Professional Greece and MacedonAny Professional Standard, Coastal, Mountains

Unfortified or Flexible; Poor, Average or Superior



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Hellenistic Greek


NotesPhalangites are only available to states that converted from hoplites. Boiotians operated hoplites until 270 B.C. It is not known when Elis or Athens abandoned hoplites. Spartiates converted in 227 B.C. Spartan periokoi had converted by 221 B.C. Achaean league cannot use hoplites after 245 B.C. and adopted the pike and lancer cavalry in 208 B.C. Thorakitai are only attested in the Achaean army.



Camp


Best cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Superior - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 4 12 4,6

Horse archers CAVALRY Formed Flexible Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow - - 0 12 4,6


Warriors with spears and javelins INFANTRY Tribal Loose Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 18 108 6,8,9

Upgrade warriors with Roman equipment

INFANTRY Formed Flexible Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 0 24 6,8

Light horse with javelins CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - Cantabrian 0 24 4,6

Horse archers CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow - Cantabrian 0 12 4,6




The Odrysian kingdom of Thrace became a Roman client kingdom around 12 B.C. under the rule of Rhoemetalces I. He trained some of his warriors to fight in the Roman fashion. Thrace remained a Roman client kingdom until incorporated into the Roman empire as a province in 46 A.D.

Notes


AlliesRoman allies - Early Imperial Roman (Any Professional)Thracian allies - Thracian Hill Tribes (Any Instinctive)

Historical Notes

StandardUnforitified; Poor or Average



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Thraco‐Roman



Camp


Equites CAVALRY Drilled Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 0 6 4,6

Equites Illyricani CAVALRY Drilled Flexible Average - Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 0 4 4,6

Feoderate cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Charging Lancer - Melee Expert - 0 8 4,6

Equites clibinarii CAVALRY Formed Close Average - Fully Armoured Long Spear - Shove - 0 6 4,6

Equites Alani or similar CAVALRY Drilled Loose Average - Protected Charging Lancer - Melee Expert - 0 6 4,6

Alan or Hun mercenaries CAVALRY Formed Flexible Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Melee Expert - 0 6 4,6

Legionaries (before 461 A.D.)

INFANTRY Drilled Close Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin Melee Expert - 4 18 4,6,8

Legionaries (from 461 A.D.)

INFANTRY Formed Close Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin Melee Expert - 0 18 4,6,8

Auxilia INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Darts Melee Expert Orb/Square 4 24 6,8

Auxilary archers (before 461 A.D.) INFANTRY Drilled Loose Average Experienced Protected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 12 6,8

Auxilary archers (from 461 A.D.) INFANTRY Formed Loose Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 12 6,8

Foederate infantry INFANTRY Tribal Flexible Average - Protected - - Devastating Chargers - 0 24 6,8

Isaurians (from 466 A.D.) INFANTRY Tribal Loose Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 6 30 6,9

Equites Mauri or similar CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - Cantabrian 0 8 4,6

Equites Sagitarii CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy Cantabrian 0 12 4,6



Nomadic Arab allies - Pre-Islamic Arab (Any Instinctive)

AlliesOstrogothic allies - Later German Sarmatized (Any Instinctive)

Any Professional 441 A.D. to 493 A.D.Any Professional Greece and Macedon

Standard, CoastalUnfortified or Fortified; Poor, Average or Superior



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Eastern Later Foederate Roman


Historical NotesIn the east the Roman Empire survived. After the fall of Attila, it enjoyed a period of peace.

Notes


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