Green Communications –Management Included

IEEE ICC 2009

Workshop on Green Communications

Dresden, Germany – June 2009

Dr. Douglas N. Zuckerman

Telcordia Technologies (Ret.)

w2xd@aol.com

Green Network Operations and Management

From

NOMS 2008 - Salvador, BRAZIL - April 2008

“Outrageous Opinion” Session

and Management

Dr. Douglas N. Zuckerman

Telcordia Technologies (Ret.)

w2xd@aol.com

World Class Global Drivers

� It is cool to save the planet

� Current protocols are energy intensive –not cool

Other industries are “going green” (e.g., � Other industries are “going green” (e.g., transportation, lodging, utilities) – why not NOM?

� Network Management can make a difference

3

We need a Green Protocol� Selection criteria

� Reduce carbon footprint by at least 10%

� Backwards compatible with CMIP, SNMP and all other protocols

� Freely available via open source (e.g., “back of truck” and “off the shelf”)

� Two main contenders� SIPP – Simple Integrated Protocol of Protocols

� SLURP – Simple Logical Ubiquitous Reconfigurable Protocol

4

SIPP vs. SLURP

Uses refined “sipping tea” paradigm

Uses powerful “slurping soup” paradigm

Offers “protocol of protocols”

Offers quasi-infinite set of “reconfigurable” protocols

“Simple” is in the name “Simple” and “Logical” are in “Simple” is in the name “Simple” and “Logical” are in the name

Batteries not included Batteries included

SIPP available 12/7 (e.g., as at Starbucks) – with COFF-ee

SLURP available 24/7 (e.g., as at 7-11) - stand alone as SLURP-ee

5

Next Steps

� SIPP vs. SLURP is our generation’s SNMP vs. CMIP

� IM 2009 (at least) must prepare to catalyze the Green ProtocolGreen Protocol� Include Technology Centers for SIPP & SLURP

� Invite key SIPP & SLURP experts to actively participate

� Plan for double number of attendees

� Encourage incredible SDOs to get involved in standardizing the Green Protocol

6

Conclusion

� The NOMS/IM community can help save the planet by creating a Green Protocol

� SIPP and SLURP hold the most promise for our generation (and those to come…)for our generation (and those to come…)

� This could be the biggest – and most audacious – undertaking to hit NM since “CMIP vs. SNMP”

� Are we up to it?

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Disclaimer

The views are solely that of the author and have not had any peer (or even non-peer) review. Real protocols were not used, and any resemblance or relationship to such any resemblance or relationship to such was purely coincidental and unintentional. Live animals were not used. Do not try at home.

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[End of NOMS 2008 Presentation]

Industry Activities in Energy Efficient Networking

� Have started to see entities such as the Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF) considering energy efficient networking

� The following slides were originally presented at an OIF meeting by its president (Hans-Martin Foisel)

9Source: Optical Internetworking Forum

Motivation #1

� With the broadband initiatives of multiple carriers around the world the power consumption in telecommunication increases significantly

� Power consumption and the related heat dissipation will become more and more a critical factor of

� Communication networks� Communication networks

� IT facilities

� Data centers

� High performance network elements

� Efficient power design enable

� OPEX reductions

� Increase of performance/reliability

10

Motivation #2

Estimated distribution of global CO2 emissions from ICTs

Source: Source: Kumar, Rakesh and Mieritz, Lars (2007) “Conceptualizing “Green IT” and data

centre power and cooling issues”, Gartner Research Paper No. G00150322

11

Motivation #3

Magic formula to convince end customers

115 watts (Sleep mode, standby,..)115 watts (Sleep mode, standby,..)

x 24 hours x 365 days

= 1000 Kwatt-hour (1 Mwatt-hour)

x € 0.10 = € 100

Source: ETSI Green Agenda

12

LCA: Life Cycle Assessment

FabricationTransports

Office & manufacturing sites

Business travel

Use phaseProducts energy consumption

Offices & stores

Vehicle fleet

Raw materials &

chemicalsManufacturing & office

sites

Transports

End of lifeCollection /

treatment

Recycling of metals

Landfill

Resource depletion

Source: Ericsson

13

Application/

Content Server

Home

NetworkAccess

Access Network

Core NetworkAggregation

Holistic Approach for Power Saving Opportunities for ICT in the Use Phase

Power efficient end devi-

ces with significant lower

power consumption;

intelligent sleep mode

(fast wake up); reduction

of functions in the end

device, shifting functions

into the network ���� Thin

Clients

Power adaptive access

network; guarantees

always basic communi-

cations; adaptive power

control of components

based on communication

requirements; power

efficient architecture and

technology

High sharing ratio of pro-

fessional servers; power

management of servers

based on usage; off-

loading end devices from

application/graphical pro-

cessing and content sto-

rage; optimized content

allocation among servers

Energy reduction

solutions e.g. Power

management based on

usage, e.g. day – night

profiles, usage profiles

Content Server

End devices

Source: Piet Demeester

14

Power Consumption Reduction in Access Networks

AccessNetworkReference

Office

First Mile

ADSL2/2+

APLNT Cabinet

WirelineAccess NetworkTechnologies

AccessNetworkReference

Office

First Mile

ADSL2/2+

APLNT Cabinet

WirelineAccess NetworkTechnologies

FTTCab+ VDSL

ADSL2/2+

FTTB + VDSL

FTTH

xDSL Optical

FTTCab+ VDSL

ADSL2/2+

FTTB + VDSL

FTTH

xDSL Optical

Source: Christoph Lange et al., OFCNFOEC 2008, paper JWA105

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Energy Efficient Networking #1EU Standby Initiative:

�Code of Conduct for Data Centers

�Code of Conduct for Digital TV Services

�Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broadband Communication Equipment

�Code of Conduct on Efficiency of External Power Supplies

�Code of Conduct on AC Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS)

�For more information please see: http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/energyefficiency/html/standby_initiative.htm

16

Energy Efficient Networking #2Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broadband Equipment, Draft Version 3, Issue 11 – 23 June 2008, issued by the European Commission, JRC, Institute for the Environment and Sustainability, Renewable Energies Unit

�Total European consumption of up to 50 TWh per year can be estimated for the year 2015

�With the implementation of this Code of Conduct the (max) electricity �With the implementation of this Code of Conduct the (max) electricity consumption could be limited to 25 TWh per year, this is equivalent to total saving of about € 7.5 Billions per year

�Code of Conduct covers customer premises (CPE, ONT) and network (xDSL, OLT) equipment and sets targets for 2009..11

�For more information please see: http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/energyefficiency/html/standby_initiative_broadband%20communication.htm

17

Energy Efficient Networking #3

Europe: Energy Efficiency Through ICT

First focus on three areas:

�Power grid

�Lighting

�BuildingsEC will encourage the ICT industry to cut its own emissions and create EC will encourage the ICT industry to cut its own emissions and create products and services that can benefit the E.U.'s environmental footprint

� Without widespread action, the E.U.'s energy use is expected to rise 25 percent by 2012

�For more information please see: http://www.climatebiz.com/news/2008/05/14/european-union-promote-ict-energy-efficiency

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Energy Efficient Networking #4Energy Star Initiative:

ENERGY STAR is a joint program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy aiming at saving money and protect the environment through energy efficient products and practices

� Results are already adding up. Americans, with the help of ENERGY STAR, saved enough energy in 2007 alone to avoid ENERGY STAR, saved enough energy in 2007 alone to avoid greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to those from 27 million cars — all while saving $16 billion on their utility bills

� Setup of programs for private homes and businesses

� Setup a cooperation with EC Standby Initiative

� For more information please see: http://www.energystar.gov/

19

Energy Efficiency and

Standardization Bodies

Energy Efficiency and Standardization Bodies

Energy efficiency is a topic which can be found at every international standardization level, e.g.:

� ISO, IEC

� ITU-T � ITU-T

� ETSI

� IEEE

� ATIS

Source: http://www.leonardo-energy.org/drupal/standards-ETSI_ITUT

21

ITU-TITU Symposia on ICTs and Climate Change �Kyoto, Japan, 15-16 April 2008, MIC�London, UK, 17-18 June 2008, BT �For more information please see: http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem/climatechange/index.html

ITU-T SG15, Power saving tutorials, Feb 13-15, 2008; Strategic issues for ITU-T:for ITU-T:

�Assessment of existing and new ITU-T Rec. in the light of climate change

� Identifying requirements for further ICT standardization work and gaps in current portfolio of Rec.

�Setting target for reductions of greenhouse gases that can be achieved by using ICTs, incl. through implementation of ITU-T Recs.

Source: ITU-T and Climate Change,

Dr Tim Kelly, Head, Standardization

Policy Division (ITU-T)

22

IEEEEnergy Efficient Ethernet - IEEE P802.3az objectives� Define a mechanism to reduce power consumption during periods of low

link utilization for the following PHYs� 100BASE-TX (Full Duplex)� 1000BASE-T (Full Duplex)� 10GBASE-T� 10GBASE-KR� 10GBASE-KX410GBASE-KX4

� Define a protocol to coordinate transitions to or from a lower level of power consumption

� The link status should not change as a result of the transition� No frames in transit shall be dropped or corrupted during the transition to

and from the lower level of power consumption� The transition time to and from the lower level of power consumption

should be transparent to upper layer protocols and applications� Any new twisted-pair and/or backplane PHY for EEE shall include legacy

compatible auto negotiation

23

IEEE: Energy Efficient Ethernet Roadmap

For more information please see: http://www.ieee802.org/3/az/index.html

24

ETSI� ETSI Green Agenda is one of the ETSI strategic topics for 2008� ETSI will implement the ISO 14001:2004 and 14004:2004 standards

� ISO 14001 - The Environmental Management Standards� ETSI Environmental Engineering (EE)

� 'DTR/EE-00002 Work Item‘ TR 102 530, reduction of energy consumption in telecommunications equipment and related infrastructure

� 'DTR/EE-00004' Work Item; TR 102 532, use of alternative energy sources in telecommunication installationsDTS/EE-00005' Work Item ; TS 102 533, Energy consumption in BB � DTS/EE-00005' Work Item ; TS 102 533, Energy consumption in BB Telecom Network Equipment

� 'DTS/EE-00006' Work Item, Environmental consideration for equipment installed in outdoor location

� ETSI Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM)� 'DTR/ATTM-06002' Work Item: Power Optimization for xDSL

transceivers� For more information please see: www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/06/0F/T060F0000090032PDFE.pdf

Source: ETSI Green Agenda, Bernard Dugerdil

25

ATIS: NIPPNetwork Interface, Power, and Protection Committee� ATIS starts a “Green Initiative” beginning 2008

� “Green” activities are focused in NIPP; specific standards activities:

� Power consumption reduction through energy efficiency improvements. Goal: Produce a document or suite of documents that may be used by Service Providers to assess the true energy needs of telecom equipment

� Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electronic � Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electronic equipment (RoHS):

� Pb-Free Acceptance Criteria for Modules

� Pb-Free Acceptance Criteria for Pb-Free Assemblies

� Accelerated Pb-Free Robustness Check

� Reducing power consumption for DSL modems. Investigating methods to reduce power consumption for DSL modems at both the network and customer ends of the line

� For more information please see: http://www.atis.org/0050/index.asp

26

TIA:Green Initiative� EIA starts a “Green Initiative” beginning 2008 –

EIATRACK

� Highlights include:� Key product compliance issues such as Take-back, Batteries, Restricted

Substances, Design for Environment and Packaging

� More than 1,500 pieces of legislation tracked from proposal through implementationimplementation

� Coverage in all major regions of Europe, Asia Pacific, North America and South America

� Accurate, up-to-date content provided by a wide range of internationally-based legal and technical subject-matter experts.

� WEEE and RoHS expertise in Europe and other jurisdictions

� For more information please see: http://tiaonline.org/environment/

27

Positioning attempt of the OIF in the Energy Efficient Network Activity Area

� “Green” strategy of the OIF� Scan the OIF IAs with respect to the EEN aspects

� ASON/GMPLS control plane � increasing network efficiency �increasing its energy efficiency; supports capability to chose the most energy efficient network layer for transporting data; most energy efficient network layer for transporting data;

� PLL: Energy efficient 40GE/100GE interface aspects, e.g. comparison of multi-lane and serial interfaces, optical and electrical interfaces, … � support and work on the most EEN solutions

� MA&E activity

� Others?

28

PROMPT – Next Generation Internet to

Reduce Global Warming

�Research on router, optical, W/W-less and

distributed computing architectures,

applications, grids, clouds, Web services,

virtualization, dematerialization, remote

instrumentation and sensors, etc.

�Share infrastructure & maximize lower cost

Source: OFC/NFOEC 2009 presentation by Bill St. Arnaud

�Share infrastructure & maximize lower cost

power by “following wind & sun” networks.

Sources: GENI and Inocybe

27

Possible research areas

> Dynamic all optical networks with solar or wind powered optical repeaters

> Wireless mesh ad-hoc networks with mini-solar panels at nodes

> New shortest energy path Internet architectures with servers, computers and storage collocated at remote renewable energy sites such as hydro dams, windmill farms, etc

> Topology and architecture issues to stretch the network and move routers and switches from major intersections

> New routing and resiliency architectures for wired and wireless networks for massively disruptive topology changes due to setting sun or waning winds that power routers and servers

> New stats and measurement analysis of bits per carbon (bpc) utilization, optimized “carbon” routing tables, etc

Source: OFC/NFOEC 2009 presentation by Bill St. Arnaud

Cool Example: Switch Communications

� “SuperNAP” compound will house servers and storage systems owned by many prominent companies in huge computing compound

� Specifics� 407,000 square feet407,000 square feet

� 150 MVA Switch owned substation

� 84 MVA of UPS supply

� 30,000 tons of system plus system cooling

� 4,5000,000 CFM

� 30 cooling towers

� 1,500 watts per sq. ft. density

� 7,000+ cabinetsRef: www.switchnap.com and http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/05/24/switch_supernap/

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� Connects enterprises to major carriers in Las Vegas hub at greatly reduced costs

Switch Communications: Connectivity

AT&T

VerizonVerizon

Qwest

Cox

Time-

Warner

etc

Zero mile, on-net, diverse, national fiber backbone gateways.

Lit services including DWDM, GigE, MPLS, POS, ATM, & Frame Relay.

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� Will use more power than three mega-casinos – to get power from Hoover Dam and California power plants

� For more efficient cooling will use T-SCIF (Thermal Separate Compartment in a Facility) – no raised floors

Switch Communications: Cooling Systems

Colocation and energy efficient techniques reduce

costs while being green

33

Greening the Management

� Use “green” data center best practices for hardware and networking configurations� Optimize cooling requirements

� Minimize “Management Control Network” requirements

� “Power down” when not in use“Power down” when not in use

� Develop more efficient protocols� Optimize interactions with managed systems

� Simplify interactions

� Consider power requirements for “remote vs. central” functionality� Self healing networks may reduce truck rolls and save power

� Will emerging “control plane” networks save power?

34

Managing the Green

� Telecom industry has over 25 years experience with OSS-based network operations and management

� Managing “network elements” (load balancing, reservation scheduling, work force management, etc.) can be generalizedcan be generalized

� Use OSS approach to manage� Home networks and appliances

� Power use determined by sensor networks (e.g., “smart grid”)

� Facilitate more time efficient and cost effective telecommuting� Trade off smaller facilities and less travel vs. more power while

telecommuting

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Conclusion

� The communications industry has the knowledge, experience and resources to enable a green world -> How can IEEE Communications Society “energize” research, development and deployment of green enablers?

� Standards will to continue evolve -> Will these help or Standards will to continue evolve -> Will these help or hinder?

� Fundamental architecture transformations can have profound impact -> Will “greenness” be a major driver or incidental to other drivers (e.g., increasing ROI)?

36