Grope Sustainability Criteria and Indicators · 2019-03-19 · . Sustainability.Criteria.and.Indicators.for. the.Biomethane.Value.Chain.. Johan&Grope&&&Frank&Scholwin&(Ins

www.biogasundenergie.de.

Sustainability.Criteria.and.Indicators.for.the.Biomethane.Value.Chain..

Johan&Grope&&&Frank&Scholwin&(Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Weimar).

12.05.2016. Malmø.

....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.

Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.and.Energy.

Scien3fic&Consul3ng&

Expert&reviews&

Energy&

Waste&Manage@ment&

Biogas&technology&

virtual&ins3tute&&&

Prof.&Frank&Scholwin&&&&

associated&experts&

Services&for&&systems&integra3on.&

&Networking.&

&Knowledge&Transfer.&

&&Publica3on.&

Long&term&&experiences&&in&consul3ng&&and&research.&

&Na3onal&and&&interna3onal&&

mulidisciplinary&&network.&


Content.

3.

!   Sustainability.Cer<fica<on.in.Europe.–.How.it.works.!   Relevant.Legisla<on.&.Regula<on.in.BIOSURF.Partner.Countries.!   Sustainability.Criteria:..

!   GHG.Savings.

!   Biodiversity.

!   Land.Use.Change.

!   Feedstock.

!   Sustainable.Farm.Management./.Protec<on.of.Soil,.Water.and.Air.

!   Addi<onal.Sustainability.Criteria.

!   Conclusions.

.

.

.


Sustainability.Cer<fica<on.in.Europe.–.How.it.works.


Renewable&Energy&Direc3ve&

Sustainability.Cer<fica<on.in.Europe.–.EU.Legisla<on.&.Regula<on.

Fuel&Quality&Direc3ve&

COM&2010/C&160/01&

ILUC&Direc3ve&

•  Sets.mandatory.targets.for.EU.member.states.for.renewable.energies,.incl..biofuels.•  Defines.mandatory.sustainability.criteria.for.biofuels.and.bioliquids.(SC.for.gaseous.and.solid.biomass.

as.well,.but.not.mandatory).•  GHG.savings,..•  biodiversity.and.•  land.with.high.carbon.stock.

•  Describes.mass.balancing.system..

•  Obligates.Member.States.to.reduce.GHG.related.to.the.consump<on.of.biofuels.for.transport.applica<on.by.10.%.<ll.2020.

•  Same.SC.as.in.RED.

•  Defines.possibili<es.for.stakeholders.to.show.that.SC.have.been.met,.e.g..by.using.voluntary.schemes.recognised.by.the.EC.

•  defines.the.recogni<on.process.of.voluntary.schemes.by.EC.•  Specifies.some.defini<ons.with.regard.to.land.with.high.biodiversity.and.high.carbn.stock.

•  aims.to.promote.transi<on.from.conven<onal.biofuels.to.advanced.biofuels..


Voluntary.Schemes.

•  Voluntary.schemes.define.procedures.and.specify.the.requirements.of.sustainability.verifica<on..

•  For.sustainability.verifica<on.in.accordance.to.EU.legisla<on,.cer<fica<on.bodies.may.choose.between.verifica<on.schemes.recognised.by.the.EC*..

•  19.voluntary.schemes.have.been.recognised.by.EC..•  REDcert,.ISCC.and.NTA.8080.have.mainly.been.applied.for.sustainability.

verifica<on.of.biomethane.in.accordance.to.EU.legisla<on..

•  Addi<onal.voluntary.schemes.exist,.which.have.not.applied.for.recogni<on.by.the.EC,.such.as:.

•  Naturemade.Biomethane.(Switzerland).•  Green.Gas.Label.(Germany).

*.European.Commission.


Relevant.Legisla<on.&.Regula<on.in.BIOSURF.Partner.Countries.

AT&•  Transport)Fuel)Ordinance)and)Act)on)Agricultural)Maw)materials)for)Biofuels:&&.....!.Implemen<ng.EU.legisla<on.on.biofuels.including.sustainability.criteria.(SC)..

•  Green)Electricity)Feed)in)Tariff)Ordinance:&&&.....!.No.direct.SC,.only.different.tariffs.depending.on.feedstock,.introduc<on.of.SC........planned.following.recommenda<on.of.the.EC..

DE&•  Biofuel)Quota)Act)and)Biofuel)Sustainability)Ordinance:&&.....!.Implemen<ng.EU.legisla<on.on.biofuels.including.sustainability.criteria.(SC);.......since.2015.biofuel.quota.related.to.GHG.saving.poten<al,.limita<on.of.feedstock..

•  Renewable)Energy)Sources)Act)and)Act)on)the)PromoCon)of)Renewable)Energies)in)Heat)Sector:&&&

.....!.Some.requirements.regarding.sustainability,.like.limited.methane.emissions.and..

.....energy.use.for.upgrading,.limita<ons.of.feedstock.and.others..



FR&•  Decree)of)November)23rd,)2011:&.....!.Defines.the.allowed.feedstock.and..for.biomethane.injected.into.the.gas.grid...

•  Decrees)of)November)10th)2009)(decree)1),&August)12th)2010)(decree)2),&November)10th)2009)(decree)3)&:&&&

.....!.Defini<on.of.certain.requirements.for.biogas.plants,.concerning.digestate......

.....disposal,.biodiversity.assessment,.pollutant.and.odour.emissions.

•  ImplemenCng)EU)legislaCon)on)biofuels:)......!.Biomethane.has.not.yet.been.recognised.as.biofuel.to.fulfil.the.biofuel.quota..

HU&•  Law$CXVII.$(2010),$Government$Decree$343/2010,$Decree$36/2101$(XII$31.)$and$

Decree$42/2010$(XII.$20.):$$.....!.Implemen<ng.EU.legisla<on.on.biofuels.including.sustainability.criteria.(SC).



IT&•  Decree)31)March)2011)no.)55,)DM)23)January)2012)and)DM)10/08/2014:).....!.Implemen<ng.EU.legisla<on.on.biofuels.including.sustainability.criteria.(SC)..

UK&•  Renewable)Transport)Fuel)ObligaCon)2011/2012)RTFO)2015:).....!.Implemen<ng.EU.legisla<on.on.biofuels.including.sustainability.criteria.(SC).

•  Renewable)Heat)IncenCve)Scheme)RegulaCons)2011)and)2015:).....!.minimum.of.60.%.GHG.savings,.Repor<ng.about.feedstock.and.land.use.required..

•  Renewable)ObligaCon)Order)2013)Y)England)&)Wales).....!.minimum.of.70.to.75.%.GHG.savings...$


A)  EU&legisla3on&and&regula3on&&•  Renewable.Energy.Direc<ve.(RED)..•  Fuel.Quality.Direc<ve.(FQD)..•  COM.2010/C.160/01.•  ILUC.Direc<ve.

B)  legisla3on&&&regula3on&in&BIOSURF&partner&countries:&•  AT,.FR,.DE,.HU,.IT,.UK.

C)  voluntary&schemes&recognised&by&the&European&Commission&(EC)&•  Redcert.•  ISCC.•  NTA.8080.

D)  voluntary&schemes&not&applied&for&recogni3on&by&EC&•  Green.Gas.Label.(Germany).•  Naturemade.Biomethane.(Switzerland)..

Sustainability.Cer<fica<on.on.Biomethane.in.the.EU.and.its.Member.States.


Sustainability.Cer<fica<on.on.Biomethane.in.the.EU.and.its.Member.States.

Biomass.produc<on.and.supply.

Biomethane.produc<on.facili<es.(incl..AD,.purifica<on.and.grid.injec<on).

gas.grid.

CHP.unit./.boiler.

CNG.vehicle.

GHG&Savings&

Biodiversity&

Land&Use&Change&

Sustainable&Farm&Management&

Protec3on&of&Soil&Water&and&Air&

Feedstock&


GHG.Savings.

EU&legisla3on&&&regula3on&

•  35.%,.50.%.from.2017,.60.%.from.2018.•  fossil.comparator*.as.83.8.gCO2eq/MJ.•  default&values&only.for.biomethane.from.

•  municipal.organic.waste.•  liquid.slurry.•  manure.

•  no&averaging&of&GHG&emission&figures.of.biomethane.from.different.substrates..*.for.transport.applica<on.

legisla3on&&&regula3on&in&BIOSURF&partner&countries&

•  gas.<ght.system.(HRT*.of.150.days.&.backLup.system)..•  limited&CH4&emissions&of&0.2&%&from.biogas.upgrading&•  electricity.for.upgrading.limited.to.0.5.kWh/m3.raw.biogas.•  only.heat.from.renewable.sources.for.biogas.upgrading.•  biofuel&quota&based&on&GHG&saving&poten3al&(only&in&EU)&

DE&

•  limited.CH4.emissions.in.landfill.gas.upgrading.units.(5.%).

FR&

•  RHI:.60&%&GHG&savings&(comparator:.87.gCO2eq/MJ).•  RO:.70&to&75&%&GHG&savings,.non.waste.biomethane...U

K&

*.Hydraulic.Reten<on.Time;.**.RHI.=.Renewable.Heat.Incen<ve,.RO.=.Renewable.Obliga<on.Order.


GHG.Savings.

voluntary&schemes&recognised&

by&EC&& •  50&%&all&plants,&60&%&plants,&which&start(ed)&opera3ng&aber&October&2015&

•  GHG.savings.also.defined.in.case.of.electricity.and/or.heat.genera<on.or.grid.injec<on.N

TA&8080&

voluntary&schemes&not&applied&for&recogni3on&

by&EC&&

•  50.%.GHG.savings.in.case.of.grid.injec<on.or.use.as.fuel.for.transport.applica<on.

•  checked.by.a.standardized.model.for.AD.plants.N

aturem

ade&

ISCC

&RE

Dcert&

•  follow.EU.legisla<on.&.regula<on.(RED,.FQD,.COM.2010/C.160/01)..


Biodiversity.


•  no.biomass.from.land.with.high.biodiversity.value,.such.as:.•  primary.forest.and.other.wooded.land.•  highly.biodiverse.grassland.

•  reference.date:.January.2008.•  excep<on.regarding.grassland,.if.produc<on.does.not.

interfere.with.nature.protec<on.purpose.•  not.to.be.fulfilled.for.biomethane.from.waste.and.residues.

BIOSURF&partner&countries&

•  mandatory.assessment.of.impact.on.biodiversity.FR&


by&EC&&

REDc

ert&a

nd&ISCC

&

•  specify.defini<ons,.such.as:.•  ‘na<ve.tree.species’;..•  ’areas.serving.purposes.of.nature.conserva<on’;..•  ‘natural’.and.‘nonLnatural.highly.biodiverse.grassland’.•  ‘human.interven<on’.


Biodiversity.


by&EC&& NTA

&8080&


by&EC&&

•  guidelines.of.‘Integrated.Produc<on’.must.be.respected.in.case.of.biomass.cul<va<on.

Naturem

ade&

•  specify.defini<ons,.such.as:.•  ‘highly.biodiverse.grassland’.•  ‘species.rich’.•  ‘human.interven<on’.

•  10&%&of&cul3va3on&area&of&new&produc3on&loca3on&shall&be&leb&with&highest&conserva3on&value&of&concerned&land&

•  various.addi<onal.mandatory.measures.regarding.restora<on,.preserva<on.and.strengthening.of.biodiversity..

•  no.conversa<on.of.grassland.•  extra.points.for.high.crop.rota<on.

Green&Ga

s&Labe

l&


Land.Use.Change.


•  no.biomass.from.land.with.previously.high.carbon.stock:.•  wetlands.•  con<nuously.forested.areas.•  peatland.

•  reference.date:.January.2008.•  COM.2010/C.160/01.specifies.defini<ons.and.excep<ons.•  not.to.be.fulfilled.for.biomethane.from.waste.and.residues.


•  Exclusion.of.biomass.from.areas.which.are.protected.by.conserva<on.laws.AT

&


by&EC&&

REDc

ert&,&ISCC

&an

d&NTA

&8080& •  specify.defini<ons,.such.as:.

•  ‘wetlands’;..•  ’con<nuously.forested.areas’;..•  ‘canopy.cover’.•  ‘peatland’.•  ‘human.interven<on’.

•  informa<on.on.land.use.since.November.2005.required.•  same&as&EU&legisla3on&also&for&RHI&and&RO&U

K&


Feedstock.


(ILUC&Direc3ve)&

•  7&%&limita3on&of&the&share&of&energy&from&biofuels&produced&from&cereal&and&other&starch@rich&crops,&sugars&and&oil&crops&and&from&crops&grown&as&main&crops&primarily&for&energy&purposes&on&agricultural&land&

•  indica<ve.0.5%.target.for.advanced.biofuels.(2017).•  double.Coun<ng.for.biomethane.from.certain.materials.

(mainly.waste.&.lignoLcelluosic/nonLfood.cellulosic.biomass)..


•  feedstock.allowed.for.biomethane.produc<on.is:.•  landfill.waste.•  agricultural.maqer.(including&energy&crops,&which&use&may&be&

soon&limited&@&except&for&intermediate&crops).•  biowaste.and.household.waste.•  urban.sludge.

FR&

•  exclusion.of.biofuels.made.of.animal&fats&and&oils,.except:.•  the.contamina<on.with.animal.fats.and.oils.is.negligible.•  fats.and.oils.which.have.been.used.for.cooking.•  separately.collected.biowaste.•  certain.listed.waste.material.containing.animal.fats.and.oils.

•  no&virtual&separa3on&in.case.of.mixing.substrates.

DE&


Feedstock.

DE&


by&EC&&

•  maximum&of&60&%&&corn&and&cereal&grain&•  higher.tariffs.are.paid.for.electricity.from.biomethane.

produced.from.certain.biomass.(e.g..straw,.clover.grass.used.as.catch.crop,.manure).

Green&Ga

s&Labe

l&



by&EC&& REDc

ert&&

and&ISCC

&

•  give.guidance.for.the.defini<on.of.waste.and.residues.•  harmonised.list.of.waste.and.residues.eligible.for.double.

coun<ng.does.not.exist;.member.states.make.defini<ons.

•  extra.points.for.mixed.crops,.clover.leguminous.crops..•  no.gene<cally.modified.organisms.•  no.use.of.glyphosate.


Sustainable.Farm.Management.&.Protec<on.of.Soil,.Water.and.air.


•  common.rules.for.direct.support.schemes.for.farmers.known.as.‘Cross.Compliance’&need.to.be.fulfilled..


•  no.criteria.in.addi<on.to.EU.legisla<on.and.regula<on.


by&EC&&

REDc

ert&&

and&ISCC

&

•  ISCC.defines.requirements.for.those.countries,.where.Cross.Compliance.have.not.been.implemented.yet.(Bulgaria.and.Romania)..

NTA

&8080& •  Several.addi3onal&mandatory&measures&in.order.to.ensure:.

•  Preserva<on.and.improvement.of.soil.quality;.•  Preserva<on.and.improvement.of.water.quality;.•  no.water.from.nonLrenewable.sources.is.used;.•  that.the.emission.of.harmful.substances.into.the.air.is.limited..


Addi<onal.Sustainability.Criteria.

•  ‘Compe33on&with&food&and&local&applica3ons&of&biomass’:.•  local.prices.•  cascading.•  ILUC.low.risk.


by&EC&&

extra.points.for:.•  high.share.of.organic.fer<lizer.and.low.intensity.of.pes<cides.•  high.diversity.of.substrates.•  small.transport.distances.and.plant.capacity.•  high.energy.efficiency.•  certain.use.of.biomethane.

NTA

&8080&


by&EC&&

Green&Ga

s&Labe

l&


Conclusions.

•  Common.sustainability.criteria.in.case.of.biomethane.use.as.transport.fuel.are.defined.by.EU.legisla<on..

•  Mayor.burdens.regarding.biomethane.cross.border.trade.originate.from.GHG&saving&criteria&and.from.individual&defined&criteria&on&the&na3onal&level..

•  These.are.mainly:.•  missing&default&values&of&GHG&saving&poten<als.for.biomethane.from.other.

substrates.than.municipal.waste,.liquid.slurry.and.manure;.•  prohibi<on.of.averaging&GHG&savings&from.biomethane.of.different.

substrates;.•  individual&criteria&based.on.na<onal.legisla<on,.such.as.limita<on.of.

feedstock..•  In.order.to.overcome.exis<ng.barriers.of.cross.border.biomethane.trade.with.

regard.to.sustainability.cer<fica<on,.common.criteria.should.become.mandatory.for.all.biomethane.applica<ons.and.na<onal.criteria.should.only.focus.on.biomethane.u<liza<on..


Conclusions.


.

.

Biogas&–&Key&technology&in&Energy&and&material&cycle&of&the&future&

&&

Prof.&Dr.@Ing.&Frank&Scholwin&&Ins3tute&for&Biogas,&Waste&Management&&&Energy&

&Henßstraße.9,.DL99423.Weimar.Tel.......+49.(0)3643.L.7.40.23.64.Mobil....+49.(0)177.L.2.88.56.23.Fax......+49.(0)[email protected].....

&

www.biogasundenergie.de&&

Thank.you.very.much.for.your.aqen<on!.

Documents

Grope Sustainability Criteria and Indicators · 2019-03-19 · . Sustainability.Criteria.and.Indicators.for. the.Biomethane.Value.Chain.. Johan&Grope&&&Frank&Scholwin&(Ins