Group 32- Pneumonia

8/7/2019 Group 32- Pneumonia

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NCM 103BSN208-Group32

Pneumonia


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Contents

11 What is Pneumonia?

22 Pathophysiology

33 Diagnostic Tests/ Lab Results

44 Nursing Interventions


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Pathophysiology

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Consolidation

Altered gas exchange

Massive inflammation (Pneumonia) with haszy portion of the chest anddyspnea

Continuous musuc production

Release of endotoxins and extotxins

Invaded lung parenchyma

Ineffective immune response results to overwhelming

Activation of immune response(cough)

Invasion of the respiratory system

Entry of Microorganism to nasal passage


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Pathophysiology

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Pathophysiology

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Assessment

1. May develop a high fever, nasal flaring, retractions, chestpain, chills, and dyspnea (some children may report the pain as being abdominal.)

2. Show tachypnea and tachycardia because lung field is fullof excudate and respiratory function is diminished.

Breath sounds become bronchial because air no longer or poor

ly enters fluid-filled alveoli.

Rales may be present as a result of the fluid.

3. Color, amount, consistency of sputum.

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Signs and Symptoms

Cough Fever

Chest pain Chills

Pneumonia


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Signs and Symptoms

1111

Shortness

of breathSweating

Loss of

appetite

(Nausea, Vomiting)

Fatigue

Pneumonia


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Signs and Symptoms

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Risk Factors

Age- very young children whose immune system is not yet fully developed -age 65 or older

Certain diseases- immune deficiency diseases and chronicillnesses

Smoking, alcohol abuse

Hospitalization in an intensive care unit

Exposure to certain chemicals or pollutants

Surgery or traumatic injury

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Possi l rsi i osis

A xi ty r/t short ssof ir.

fici t fl id vol m r/t f v r.

Im l c d trition l ss th n ody r q ir m nts r/t dyspnea.

Pain r/t freq ent coughing.

Impaired oral mucous mem ranes r/t mouth reathingand fre

quent cough.

Impaired gasexchange r/t retained secretionsand inflammato

ry pulmonary infection.

Ineffectiveairway clearance r/t excessivesecretions.

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Diagnostic Tests/ Lab Results

Chest x-ray- reveal areas of opacity (seen as white) which repre

sent consolidation

Arterial blood gases (ABG)- to see if enough oxygen is gettinginto your blood from the lungs

Complete Blood Count (CBC)- to check white blood cell count,high white blood cell count indicates the presence of an infection

or inflammationComputed Tomography Scan (CT scan)- scan the chest that can reveal pneumonia that is not seen on chest x-ray

Gram's stain and culture of your sputum- to look for the organism causing your symptoms, used to confirm that the infection is sensitive to an antibiotic that has already been started

Pleural fluid culture- if there is fluid in the space surrounding the lungs

Urinalysis- diagnosis of a possible causative organism

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Lab Results

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Gram Stain

Sputum Gram

Stain

CT Scan


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Nursing Management

Semi Fowlers or High Fowlers position

Nasal Cannula

Face Mask

Oxygen Tent

Chest Percussion, clapping or cupping

Chest VibrationPostural Drainage

Procedure Specifics

Proper breathing Deep breathing exercises

Proper Positioning

Oxygen therapy

Chest Physiotherapy

Steam Inhalation/ Nebulization


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Prevention

Get vaccinated

Wash your hands

Dont smoke

Proper diet and Healthy lifestyleGet treatment for Gerd

Protect others from infection

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Medications

Mild-to-moderate cases can be treated at homewith oral antibiotics. Severe pneumonia usuallyneeds intravenous antibiotics administered in thehospital.

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Group 32- Pneumonia