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Ali, MahraManampan, Alaesa JoannaMawarao, FairodzPiansing, JunaisaDizo, Johara

Heart Anatomy

The heart weighs between 7 and 15 ounces (200 to 425 grams) and is a little larger than the size of your fist. By the end of a long life, a person's heart may have beat (expanded and contracted) more than 3.5 billion times. In fact, each day, the average heart beats 100,000 times, pumping about 2,000 gallons (7,571 liters) of blood.

Our heart is located between our lungs in the middle of our chest, behind and slightly to the left of our breastbone (sternum). A double-layered membrane called the pericardium surrounds our heart like a sac. The outer layer of the pericardium surrounds the roots of our heart's major blood vessels and is attached by ligaments to our spinal column, diaphragm, and other parts of our body. The inner layer of the pericardium is attached to the heart muscle. A coating of fluid separates the two layers of membrane, letting the heart move as it beats, yet still be attached to our body.

The Heart ValvesThe Heart Valves

Four valves regulate blood flow Four valves regulate blood flow through your heart:through your heart:

The tricuspid valve regulates blood flow The tricuspid valve regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle. between the right atrium and right ventricle.    

The pulmonary valve controls blood flow from The pulmonary valve controls blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries, the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to your lungs to pick up which carry blood to your lungs to pick up oxygen. oxygen.    

The mitral valve lets oxygen-rich blood from The mitral valve lets oxygen-rich blood from your lungs pass from the left atrium into the your lungs pass from the left atrium into the left ventricle. left ventricle.    

The aortic valve opens the way for oxygen-rich The aortic valve opens the way for oxygen-rich blood to pass from the left ventricle into the blood to pass from the left ventricle into the aorta, your body's largest artery, where it is aorta, your body's largest artery, where it is delivered to the rest of the body.delivered to the rest of the body.

Human cardiovascular systemHuman cardiovascular system

The main components of the human The main components of the human cardiovascular system are the cardiovascular system are the heart, , blood, , and and blood vessels. It includes: the . It includes: the pulmonary circulation, a "loop" through the , a "loop" through the lungs where blood is oxygenated; and the where blood is oxygenated; and the systemic circulation, a "loop" through the rest , a "loop" through the rest of the body to provide of the body to provide oxygenated blood. An blood. An average adult contains five to six quarts average adult contains five to six quarts (roughly 4.7 to 5.7 liters) of blood, which (roughly 4.7 to 5.7 liters) of blood, which consists of consists of plasma, , red blood cells, , white blood cells, and , and platelets. Also, the . Also, the digestive system works with the circulatory works with the circulatory system to provide the nutrients the system system to provide the nutrients the system needs to keep the needs to keep the heart pumping. pumping.

Pulmonary circulation

The pulmonary circulatory system is the portion of the cardiovascular system in which oxygen-depleted blood is pumped away from the heart, via the pulmonary artery, to the lungs and returned, oxygenated, to the heart via the pulmonary vein.Oxygen deprived blood from the vena cava, enters the right atrium of the heart and flows through the tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve) into the right ventricle, from which it is then pumped through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs, whereby CO2 is released from the blood, and oxygen is absorbed. The pulmonary vein returns the now oxygen-rich blood to the heart.

Systemic circulation

Systemic circulation is the portion of the cardiovascular system which transports oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the rest of the body, and returns oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart. Systemic circulation is, distance-wise, much longer than pulmonary circulation, transporting blood to every part of the body.

Coronary circulation

The coronary circulatory system provides a blood supply to the heart. As it provides oxygenated blood to the heart, it is by definition a part of the systemic circulatory system.

What is blood?What is blood?

Blood is actually a tissue. It is thick because Blood is actually a tissue. It is thick because it is made up of a variety of cells, each it is made up of a variety of cells, each having a different job. In fact, blood is having a different job. In fact, blood is actually about 80% water and 20% solid. actually about 80% water and 20% solid.

Blood carries oxygen from the lungs and Blood carries oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract to the nutrients from the digestive tract to the body’s cells. It also carries away carbon body’s cells. It also carries away carbon dioxide and all of  the waste products that dioxide and all of  the waste products that the body does not need. (The kidneys filter the body does not need. (The kidneys filter and clean the blood.) Blood alsoand clean the blood.) Blood also

Helps keep your body at the right Helps keep your body at the right temperature.temperature.

Carries hormones to the body’s Carries hormones to the body’s cells.cells.

Sends antibodies to fight Sends antibodies to fight infection.infection.

Contains clotting factors to help Contains clotting factors to help the blood to clot and the body’s the blood to clot and the body’s tissues to heal.tissues to heal.

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