Group 6 Presentation Slides.ppt

7/27/2019 Group 6 Presentation Slides.ppt

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Group 6

Victor Alvarez

Karen de la Pena

Kamau Pierre

Jorge Chaux

Sandra Mantilla

Andres Medellin


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A tremor is aninvoluntary, rhythmic,shaking movementproduced when muscles

repeatedly contract andrelax.

This involuntarymovement can affect thehands, arms, head, face,vocal cords, trunk, andlegs.


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To implement a mechanical interface which converts amechanical movement into electrical waveform through

a piezoelectric transducer which will be used as thesensing device. Design, fabricate and test the electronic module To understand clearly the biological, mechanical , and

electrical concept that builds this unintentional

movement of the parts of the body, in especial ourhands.


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Natural causes of tremors: Caffeine Alcohol Stress, anxiety, or fatigue Age Prescription medicines Drug abuse Low blood sugar

Symptoms associated with disorders

in those parts of the brain that control

muscles throughout the body

Heritage and Neurological disorder:

-Parkinsons

-Multiple Sclerosis

-Strokes


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Resting tremors

Action tremors

Postural tremors Kinetic tremors

Intention tremors

Task specifickinetic tremors


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It occurs when themuscles of the bodypart are not beingvoluntarily

contracted.

Most resting tremors can becaused by Parkinsonism.

Parkinsons disease is

characterized by having a

range tremor frequencybetween 4 Hz to 6 Hz.

Postural tremors have acharacteristic frequency rangebetween 5 Hz to 9 Hz.


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Benign essentialtremors

It occurs when hands orother body parts are in aspecific position for aperiod of time

Asterixis disease It occurs when the handor body part is inmotion

This tremor can beconsidered as a posturaltremor as well


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Complex kinetictremor

It occurs when tremorbecomes exaggeratedwhen the limb isdirected towards a

particular target


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These are tremorswhich will appearonly with specific

tasks or activities thatthe individual isasked to carry out

Primary writingtremor


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Essential tremors, sometimescalled benign tremors, is themost common tremor of all ofthe types.

Hands are the most affected

body part; nevertheless, it canaffect other body parts as well. Children of a parent who has

essential tremor have a 50percent chance of inheritingthis condition.

Under normal physiologicalconditions, an outstretchedhand can produce a rangetremor frequency between 8Hz to 12 Hz.


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Essential tremor-is the most common

of the more than 20 types of tremor.

Parkinsonian tremor- damage to

structures within the brain that control

movement.

Dystonic tremor-all ages who are

affected by dystonia.

Cerebellar tremor- slow, broad tremor

-extremities that occurs at the end of a

purposeful movement.

Psychogenic tremor- can occur

at rest or during postural or kinetic

movement.

Orthostatic tremor-fast (>12Hz)

rhythmic muscle contractions thatoccur in the legs and trunk

immediately after standing.

Physiologic tremor- every

normal individual and has no

clinical significance.

More About Tremors


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There is no cure formost of the tremors.

Psychogenic tremorscan be treated.


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Levodopa is usedwhen treatingparkinsonian disease.

Propranolol or betablockers are usedwhen treatingessential tremors.

Elimination ofcaffeine.

Physical therapy


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Supplying the needsof the subject(patient).

Medical deviceneeded.

Hand Tremor detectordevice.


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Hand tremor detector was implemented anddesigned putting into effect the followingfactors:

Producing accurate results

Providing consistency

Providing patient comfort and safety


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Geometry

Positioning

Clinical conditions

Design

Presentation

Affordability

Practicality

Given geometry, devised

positioning, disease

considered, convenient

design, cheap materials,

trusted brand.


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Piezoelectric sensorconverts mechanicalstress into a voltagesource

Proto-board

Optional block set up


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Testing procedure mustfollow this plan of action:

Prepare environment for

the clinical procedure Subject (patient) must be

in a relaxed stage Hand (right or left) must

be placed in a rested

position Measurement to be taken

at the index finger ormiddle finger


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Signal from transducer is :

Weak (low amplitude)Susceptible to interference

There is therefore a need to:

Provide a voltage gain of 10 volts/volt for

frequencies below 10 HzCreate a low pass filter function that has a polefrequency of 10 Hz


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SensorInput AmplifierLow Pass Filter

Envelope Detector

Display Assembly


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Performance of our hand

tremor detector will bedemonstrated with the help

of a live subject (patient) from

the audience, where a signaltremor will be displayed.


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We were able to employ various different methods to meetthe specifications as dictated by the explicit projectrequirements, the component requirements, or by thecharacteristics of the tremor itself.

Important details such as noise had an effect for which thecalculations could not account for, and all components of ourdevice had to be tested thoroughly before completion.

This project allowed us as a group to accomplish hand tremortesting methods that can be implemented in hospitals for theconvenience to the physician, but in special to the patient thatis needed of this service.


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Compact sized

Improved Portability

Affordability in theMarket

User-Friendly

Will be easier to read Accuracy of readings

will increase

Future Prototype

Documents

Group 6 Presentation Slides.ppt