Growth and Reproduction in Cells

Science Notebook Layout DON’T COPY UNDERLINED TEXTMrs. Aguirre’s Webpage: http://www.quia.com/profiles/caguirre

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Growth and Reproduction in Cells

P. 152: What is Cell Division?

P. 153: Chromosomes?

P. 154: Cell Cycle?

Picture

2 main ideas in each box


Cell Cycle Graphic Organizer

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Mitosis Slides: Onion Root Tip

Interphase Prophase

Metaphase Anaphase

Telophase Fish Cells in Mitosis

Stage/Phase Major Event(s) Diagram


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Reproduction NotesAsexual Reproduction

Definition:

Sexual Reproduction

Definition:

Homologous Chromosomes

Definition:

Meiosis

Definition:


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Definitions:1. Haploid2. Diploid3. Fertilization4. Zygote5. Embryo6. Specialization

Page 165 # 1,2


Questions

1. What did the wheat germ DNA look like?

2. A person cannot see a single cotton thread 100 feet away, but if you wound thousands of threads together into a rope, it would be visible. How does this statement relate to our DNA extraction?

3. In order to study our genes, scientists must extract the DNA from human tissue. Would you expect the method of DNA extraction we used for the wheat germ to be the same for human DNA? Why or why not?

4. If we were to take cells from your body and extract the DNA, what would your DNA look like?

5. Is DNA the same in any cell in the human body? Explain your answer.

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The Role of DNA in Heredity pp194-198

The DNA Molecule P 194

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Base Pairs

P 194

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What is DNA Replication? P 195

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The process of DNA Replication P 195

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Genes and Proteins P 195

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What are Mutations? P 198

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Gene mutations P 198

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Chromosome Mutations P 198

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DNA: Cracking the CODE

1. DNA has ____ bases: ( __, __, __, __)

2. DNA makes up your _________.

3. _______ control the making of proteins.

4. Your body is built up from __________.

5. _________ are the “words” that determine your traits.

6. Proteins are made of _______ _______.

7. __ bases make one ________ _______.

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Your trait (see example):

T A L L

BGR RGB BBBr BBBr

Decoded words:

__________ _____________


Page 72: Flowers Vocabulary P 293- 296

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WORD DEFINITION PICTURE/ EXAMPLE

FLOWER

POLLINATION

STAMEN

POLLEN

PISTIL

STIGMA

OVARY

OVULE

FRUIT


Gregor Mendel

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Mendel’s WorkGregor Mendel was a priest who studied math and science.

Mendel grew and observed hundreds of plants.

He observed that sometimes offspring were similar to the parents & sometimes they were different.

Mendel’s PeasWhy study peas?

Produce lots of offspring quickly & easily.

Easy to control which plants mate.

They have many traits that only occur in 2 forms.

Mendel’s ExperimentUsed purebred plants, always produce offspring with the same form of trait (short plant = short plant)

(tall = tall)

Cross pollinated (mated) plants with opposite forms of a trait. (tall plant + short plant)

Mendel’s ResultsP (parent) generation: Tall + Short

F1 (offspring) generation: ALL TALL

F2 generation (self pollinated):

3 Tall : 1 Short




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Show the cross using a Punnett square. Hh x hh

From the cross above, how many have: ONE HORN ______ out of 8 TWO HORNS _______ out of 8

Compare this number to your simulation (where you flipped the sticks). Does the punnett square predictions match the results of your crosses?

A. They are exactly the same B. They are close to he sameC. They are very different D. I have no idea

What if the female had the genotype Hh.Show the cross between the new parents Hh x Hh

What percentage has one horn? _____What percentage has two horns? _____

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Genetics Vocabulary

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Word Definition Example

Trait

Heredity

Genetics

Purebred (true breeding)

Hybrid

Genes

Alleles

Dominant Allele

Recessive Allele

Genotype

Phenotype




Analysis and Conclusions1. Use a Punnet Square to predict the phenotypic ratios in this cross:

T T x T t

Short toe _____

Long toe _____

2. Would you expect the coin toss method to give a similar ratio as the punnett square above?

3. What do the pennies or chips represent in the simulation?

4. When you toss the coin to see which side lands up, you are actually simulating what part of the process of sexual reproduction?

5. When you put the two coins that are flipped together, you are simulating what part of the process of sexual reproduction?

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Conclusion paragraph:

In the penny genetics lab….

Male or Female?Sex chromosomes carry genes that determine whether an individual is female or male.

Female = XX

Male = XY

Sex-linked Traitsare carried on the X or Y chromosome.

Sex-linked genes can have dominant and recessive alleles.

Males are more likely to have a sex-linked trait that is controlled by a recessive allele.

Females are often carriers – they can have the allele but not show the trait.

Incomplete Dominanceis when one allele isn’t completely dominant over the other.

Cross a purebred, red-flowered snapdragon with a purebred, white white -flowered snapdragon and you end up with pink snapdragons!

Co-Dominance

In codominance, an organism has two different alleles of a gene and shows both phenotypes at the same time.

Multiple Alleles

Multiple alleles are also common in organisms.

In humans for example, three alleles determine blood type (A, B, and O).

Polygenic Traits

Polygenic traits are determined by more than one gene.Feather color in parakeets is determined by two genes. One gene controls yellow color and the other controls blue color.


Crazy Traits Part 1

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Crazy Traits Part II

PARAGRAPH SUMMARY:

TOPIC SENTENCE- should answer the question:

“What role does chance play in heredity?”

EXPLAIN DESCRIBE RESULTS- describe your alien…

How is it similar/ different to parents and others in class?

EXAMPLES OF TRAITS WITH:

Dominance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance

Use NB page 83 or textbook 183 for ideas

WHAT YOU LEARNED, WHAT YOU STILL WONDER

CONCLUSION



Stop and Think Page 51:

a.

b.

c.

d.




Analysis and Conclusions

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Growth and Reproduction in Cells