Upload
martinriquelmev
View
224
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 1/25
!"#$%&'()
$% +,)-(&,# ./$%0#&-#1%'-( $% !,%'!,#) +,)-2&,!#)
"',3%&),$#$ $% !+,4% 1#&5( 6//78 9. : ;<
="#&$,#) !>3,!#) ? 0&@!-,!#) %4%!-(%)
%' %4 ),=4( A,A B'#!,1,%'-(C DEFEG
!"#$%&%' )*"$$" +%,-./#.0∗
& %)"1%'8 %HIJ KLMLNOJPQJ RSHTOUVS WJ TLMPLOKJTUXM RS WJ TLKYJZQJ RS
UMPJMISOQJ RS WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW RS WJ TU[RJR RS 'JTUKUSMIL SM DEFE\#RSK]HC Y[MI[JWU^J _ JMJWU^J WJ YJOIUTUYJTUXM OSJW RS H[H SPSTIU`LH SM WJSWSTTUXM YJOWJKSMIJOUJ RS DEFEC SaYWLOJMRL WJ OSWJTUXM SMIOS WJ YSOIS:MSMTUJ J WJ KUWUTUJ _ SW `LIL\
0#4#b&#) !4#3%8 =[JORUJ 'JTULMJWC 1UWUTUJH TQ`UTJHC 'JTUKUSMILCSWSTTULMSH TcUWSMJH SM SW HUNWL A,AC &SYdVWUTJ !LMHSO`JRLOJ BDE.D:DE;DG\
+ )1)2)34 563789 348 : 2:+;<732 ! 73+;)+:9 )4 ;=: 4 )4:;::4;= + :4;67> ?
@4 3+)A):4;< BCDEDF
3 G9;73+; H ;I%0 J'/'K$"LIM N.0&$%*.0 #I. 4"&%J%./#'O0 4"#%'/"P 5-"$N
%/,"/#$M &'JL"/M &'/,'$J"#%'/? A'$.'Q.$B L-/#-"#. "/N "/"P%R.0 #I. $."P
L"$#%&%L"#%'/ ', %#0 J.J*.$0 %/ L"$P"J./#"$M .P.&&#%'/ ', CDEDB .SLP'$%/K
#I. $.P"#%'0I%L *.#T../ *.P'K%/K #I. J%P%&%" "/N Q'#.?
U :> V<789 H4"#%'/"P 5-"$NB A%P%&%"0 &WQ%&"0B 4"&%J%./#'B +I%P."/ .P.&&X
#%'/0 '/ CY#I &./#-$MB +'/0.$Q"#%Q. 7.L-*P%& @CDZC [ CD\CF?
&STUVURL8 HSYIUSKVOS 6//E #TSYIJRL8 SMSOL 6//7
∗ bSTJOUL !(',!?-\ !LOOSL SWSTIOXMUTL8 YJIOUTULUVJOOJTeNKJUW\TLK\ %W J[ILO JNOJRSTSWLH TLKSMIJOULH J `SOHULMSH YOSWUKUMJOSH RS SHIJ KLMLNOJPQJ RS WLH YOLPSHLOSH f[JM !]TSOSH1\ _ )SONUL 3UWWJWLVLH &\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 2/25
!"#$%&'() $% +,)-(&,# g 6//7 %HI[RULH
99
)/#$'N-&&%]/
$[OJMIS WJ RhTJRJ RS DE./C WJ =[JORUJ !Q`UTJ L 'JTULMJWC UMHIUI[TUXM J KSRULTJKUML SMIOS SW SihOTUIL RS WQMSJ _ SW jY[SVWL SM JOKJHk RS !WJ[HSlUI^C
JRm[UOUX NOJM UKYLOIJMTUJ R[OJMIS WLH JZLH RSW NLVUSOML SMTJVS^JRL YLO SWNSMSOJW fLJm[QM 0OUSILD\ 4J MSTSHURJR RS MS[IOJWU^JO [M YLHUVWS JW^JKUSMILRS JWNdM TJ[RUWWL L KL`UKUSMIL HSRUTULHL YOL`SMUSMIS RS WLH NO[YLH YLWQIUTLHRSOOLIJRLH SM WJ VJIJWWJ RS 4UOTJ_C KLIU`X SW OSHTJIS RS WJ `USiJ UMHIUI[TUXM TL:WLMUJW RS WLH T[SOYLH TQ`UTLHC WLH T[JWSH HS TLMHIUI[_SOLM SM [MJ VJOOSOJC OSJW
L !TIUTUJC JMIS T[JWm[USO UMISMIL RS RSHSHIJVUWU^JO SW OhNUKSM YLWQIUTL\ ![JMRLSHIL H[TSRUXC SM i[MUL RS DE.<C WJ OS`[SWIJ RSW OSNUKUSMIL RS WQMSJ 1JUYL SM:TJVS^JRJ YLO SW TLOLMSW fLHh #MILMUL 3URJ[OOS SM 3JWYJOJQHLC P[S HLPLTJRJ TLMWJ J_[RJ RS SHILH T[SOYLH TQ`UTLHC J[Mm[S ML Y[RUSOLM S`UIJO SW JHSHUMJIL RSWKUMUHIOL $USNL 0LOIJWSH\ %M Jm[SWWJ LYLOI[MURJRC WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW LYSOXTLKL T[SOYL LVSRUSMIS JW TLMIOLW N[VSOMJKSMIJW _ TLMIOJYSHL J [M K$-L' N.
L$.0%]/C SM SHIS TJHLC [MJ POJTTUXM RSW SihOTUIL OSN[WJO JIU^JRL YLO KLIU`JTULMSH YLWQIUTJHC m[S UMISMIX OLKYSO TLM SW LORSM SaUHISMIS\
#HUKUHKLC J WJ YJO RS RSPSMRSO SW LORSM SHIJVWSTURLC WJH VOUNJRJH TQ`UTJHHS cJVOQJM TLMHIUI[URL SM [M KSRUL JYOLYUJRL YJOJ KL`UWU^JO H[POJNJMISH\n[USMSH YSOISMSTQJM J SWWJHC SM ISLOQJ ILRLH Jm[SWWLH cLKVOSH SM SHIJRL RSjSKY[ZJO WJH JOKJHk _ RS TUSOIL MU`SW STLMXKUTLC SOJM TLMHURSOJRLH TLKLTU[RJRJMLH SM YWSMUI[R\ #HUKUHKLC m[USMSH RSHSJVJM NL^JO RS H[H RSOSTcLH YLWQIUTLHC RSVQJM JY[MIJOHS SM WJH WUHIJH RS WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW6\ #HQC SHILH
D `LM !WJ[HSlUI^C oJOWC 8. P" K-.$$"C bJOTSWLMJC ,RSJ bLLpHC D777\ YY\ 6;F:6<6\ %W ISXOUTLKUWUIJO YO[HUJML RS UMUTULH RSW HUNWL A,AC oJOW ̀ LM !WJ[HSlUI^C YWJMISJVJ m[S SM TJHL RS MSTSHU:IJOHS KJ_LO MdKSOL RS cLKVOSH YJOJ cJTSO POSMIS J [MJ TLM"JNOJTUXM TLMIOJ [M SMSKUNL UMISOMLL SaISOMLC YLRQJ [IUWU^JOHS [MJ TJMIURJR SHYSTQ!TJ L UMRSISOKUMJRJ RS TU`UWSH UMTLOYLO]MRLWLHJ WJH !WJH RS [M SihOTUIL\
6 +SOM]MRS^ 0\C &LVSOILC j4J N[JORUJ MJTULMJW RS !cUWS\ #Y[MISH HLVOS H[ LOUNSM _ LONJMU:^JTUXMk\ %M =%0#'$%"C ̀ LW\ D7C )JMIUJNLC D7E9C YY\ <F:<;\ $UPQTUW OSH[WIJ SHIJVWSTSO [MJ RS!MUTUXMSHYSTQ!TJ RSW jTU[RJRJMLk SM SW !cUWS RSW HUNWL A,A\ )UM SKVJONLC HS OSTLMLTQJ TLKL IJWC SMOJHNLH NSMSOJWSHC JW UMRU`UR[L cJVUWUIJRL YJOJ H[POJNJO BYJOIUTUYS RUOSTIJ L UMRUOSTIJKSMIS SM SWSiSOTUTUL RSW YLRSO YLWQIUTLC JTSYIJMRL WJ J[ILOURJR RS WLH NLVSOMJMISHG _ KUSKVOL JTIU`L RS[MJ TLWSTIU`URJR RS UN[JWSHC TLMPLOKJMRL [M T[SOYL YLWQIUTL JKYWUL _ JVHIOJTIL RSMLKUMJRLMJTUXM\ #HUKUHKLC SM WJ ̀ UHUXM RS WJH YSOHLMJH _ WJ TLK[MURJRC WJ TLMRUTUXM RS TU[RJRJML SHIJVJJHLTUJRJ JW RSOSTcL _ LVWUNJTUXMC SM TJHL RS HSO MSTSHJOULC RS RSPSMRSO WJ UMISNOURJR RS WJ 0JIOUJq i[MIL TLM YOSHSO`JO _ YOJTIUTJO WLH `JWLOSH UMcSOSMISH J WJ `URJ PJKUWUJOC SW HSO`UTUL YdVWUTLC SWOSHYSIL J WJ WS_ _ J H[H YJOSH\ #WN[MLH TLMTSYILH S UMISOYOSIJTULMSH OSHYSTIL RS WJ URSJ RS TU[:RJRJMQJ SM 4JIUMLJKhOUTJ R[OJMIS SW HUNWL A,A SM8 )]VJILC +UWRJ B!LLOR\GC +%-N"N"/W" L'PW#%&"
M ,'$J"&%]/ N. P"0 /"&%'/.0? !.$0L.&#%Q"0 I%0#]$%&"0 N. 3J^$%&" 2"#%/"C 1haUTL $\ r\C rLMRL
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 3/25
!"#$%&%' )*"$$" +%,-./#.0 ="#&$,#) !>3,!#) ? 0&@!-,!#) %4%!-(%)\\\
9F
T[SOYLH JOKJRLH i[NJOLM SW RLVWS OLW RS jNJOJMISH RS WJ UMHIUI[TULMJWURJRkC
TLM WJ SHYJRJ TLKVJIUSMRL JW WJRL L SM TLMIOJ RS WJH P[SO^JH OSN[WJOSHC _ RSWSNUIUKJRLOSH RSW OhNUKSM J IOJ`hH RSW H[POJNUL.\ 0LO SiSKYWLC )SONUL =OS^HS cJTS STL RS WJH YJWJVOJH RSW RUOUNSMIS WUVSOJWC _ cJTUJ !MSH RSW HUNWL A,A0OSHURSMIS RS WJ &SYdVWUTJC fLHh 1JM[SW bJWKJTSRJC m[USM cJTUJ DE</ HLHI[`Lm[S WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJWC i[MIL TLM HUNMU!TJO [MJ YSHJRJ TJONJ !MJMTUSOJ YJOJSW !HTLC HS TLMHIUI[_X SM [M T[SOYL [IUWU^JRL TLKL KJHJ SWSTILOJW SMIOS LIOLHJV[HLH\ #WNL HUKUWJO YOLYLMS f\ )JK[SW 3JWSM^[SWJC m[USM HLHIUSMS m[S RSMIOLRS WJH SHIOJISNUJH SWSTILOJWSH RS WLH NLVUSOMLH J WL WJONL RSW HUNWL A,AC HS
TLMISKYWJVJ WJ YJOIUTUYJTUXM KJHU`J RS SKYWSJRLH YdVWUTLH _ WLH KUSKVOLHRS WJH N[JORUJH TQ`UTJH9\ %M IhOKUMLH YJOSTURLH HS SaYOSHJ #WPOSRL fLUNMJMICm[USM J!OKJ m[S SW NLVUSOML HLWQJ UMHTOUVUO J YSOHLMJH YJOJ `LIJOC HUM MUMNdMLIOL OSm[UHUIL m[S YSOISMSTSO J WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJWF\ 4[SNL =JVOUSW )JWJ^JO _f[WUL 0UMIL JHS`SOJM m[S WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJWC UM`SMIL RS WLH KSOTJRSOSHC P[S[IUWU^JRJ TLKL KSRUL YJOJ RUHTUYWUMJO J WJ YLVWJTUXM _ P[SO^J SWSTILOJW YOLYUJC JWJ [HJM^J RS WLH ISOOJISMUSMISH TLM H[H UMm[UWUMLHC JYOLYU]MRLHS YLO ̀ L^ KUWUIJORS WJH YJYSWSIJH RS TJWU!TJTUXM RS H[H KUSKVOLH;\ rUMJWKSMISC )UKLM !LWWUSOJHSN[OJ m[S WJH KUWUTUJH HS IOJMHPLOKJOLM SM [M VWLm[S RS `LILH TJ[IU`LH RSW
NLVUSOMLC WL T[JW TLMHIUI[_X [MJ S!TUSMIS YWJIJPLOKJ RS WJ UMISO`SMTUXM SWSTILOJWCHSTOSIL RS WJ SHIJVUWURJR UMHIUI[TULMJW TcUWSMJ<\
3UHIJH WJH J!OKJTULMSH KSMTULMJRJH SM SW Y]OOJPL JMISOULOC OSH[WIJ MSTSHJOULSHI[RUJO SW TLKYLOIJKUSMIL RS [MJ VOUNJRJ TQ`UTJ SM [M SHYJTUL NSLNO]!TL_ [M YSOQLRL RS IUSKYL RSISOKUMJRLH\ %M WJH Y]NUMJH HUN[USMISH HS JMJWU^JO]SW TJHL RS [M T[SOYL TQ`UTL RS WJ TU[RJR RS 'JTUKUSMILC TLM SW LViSIL RS
RS ![WI[OJ %TLMXKUTJC D777q #MMUMLC #MILMULC B!LLOR\GC =%0#'$%" N. P"0 .P.&&%'/.0 ./ )*.$'
3J^$%&"? 0%KP' _)_ C b[SMLH #UOSHC rLMRL RS ![WI[OJ %TLMXKUTJC D77F _ !JOKJNMJMUC 1JOTSWWLCB!LLOR\GC `.N.$"P%0J'0 P"#%/'"J.$%&"/'0H A^S%&' a G$"0%P a 3$K./#%/"C 1haUTL $\ r\C rLMRL RS![WI[OJ %TLMXKUTJC D77.\
. =OS^ -\C )SONULC 8. P" b$.K./.$"&%]/ N.P L-.*P'c " P" I-.PK" K./.$"P? 5^/.0%0 M .Q'P-X
&%]/ N.P J'Q%J%./#' L'L-P"$ ./ +I%P. @CDCdXCDYdFC )JMIUJNLC !SMIOL RS ,M`SHIUNJTULMSH $USNLbJOOLH #OJMJC D77<C Y\ 6E/\
9 3JWSM^[SWJC f\ )JK[SWC j+JTUJ WJ PLOKJTUXM RS UMHIUI[TULMSH RSKLTO]IUTJH8 YO]TIUTJHSWSTILOJWSH SM !cUWS R[OJMIS SW HUNWL A,Ak\ %M :0#-N%'0 !e*P%&'0C 's ;;C )JMIUJNLC LILZLC D77<C Y\ 66F\
F fLUNMJMI &\C #WPOSRLC j%W W[NJO RSW `LIL\ 4J WS_ SWSTILOJW RS DE<9 _ WJ UM`SMTUXM RSW TU[:RJRJML SWSTILO SM !cUWSk\ %M :0#-N%'0 !e*P%&'0B 's EDC )JMIUJNLC `SOJMLC 6//DC Y\ 697\
; )JWJ^JOC =JVOUSW _ 0UMILC f[WULC =%0#'$%" &'/#.JL'$f/." N. +I%P.? )? :0#"N'B P.K%#%J%N"NB
&%-N"N"/W"C )JMIUJNLC 4LK %RUTULMSHC D777\ Y\ 7/\< !LWWUSOC )UKLM\ 2" &'/0#$-&&%]/ N. -/" $.Le*P%&"? CDZd XCD\E? !'PW#%&" . %N."0B )JMIUJNLC
%RUTULMSH RS WJ "MU`SOHURJR !JIXWUTJC 6//F\ YY\ ;E _ HUN[USMISH\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 4/25
!"#$%&'() $% +,)-(&,# g 6//7 %HI[RULH
9;
RSISOKUMJO SW KLRL _ T[JMIQJ OSJW RS WJ UMISO`SMTUXM LYSOJRJC HU SH m[S WJ
c[VLC RSW NLVUSOML RS 1JM[SW 1LMII SM WLH TLKUTULH YJOWJKSMIJOULH RS DEFE\%HIS YOLTSHL SWSTTULMJOUL HS TLMHIUI[_S SM [ML RS WLH RS KJ_LO IOJHTSMRSMTUJR[OJMIS WJ hYLTJ RSMLKUMJRJ RS WLH RSTSMULHC YLO T[JMIL WJH TLMHST[SMTUJHRS WJ RSMLKUMJRJ j![SHIUXM RS HJTOUHI]MkC YLO YOUKSOJ `S^ HS KJISOUJWU^JOQJMSM [MJ `LIJTUXM\ %HIS dWIUKL JTLMISTUKUSMIL SHIJWWX SM DEF;C YOL`LTJMRL [MJP[SOIS RUHY[IJ OSHYSTIL RS WJ i[OUHRUTTUXM RS WJ i[HIUTUJ TU`UW _ STWSHU]HIUTJ TcUWSMJCRSVURL JW YOLTSHJKUSMIL RS [M JTXWUIL RS WJ !JISROJW RS )JMIUJNL m[USMC W[SNLRS HSO HLOYOSMRURL VLOOJTcL JW UMISOULO RSW SRU!TULC P[S SaY[WHJRL RSW HSO`UTULC
YOL`LTJMRL [M OSLORSMJKUSMIL NSMSOJW RS WJH P[SO^JH YLWQIUTJH SM Y[NMJ YLOcJTSOHS RSW TLMIOLW RS WJ JRKUMUHIOJTUXM RSW %HIJRL\ %W JWJ K]H TLMHSO`JRLOJRSW YJOIURL L!TUJWUHIJ HS SHTUMRUX RSW NLVUSOMLC RSVURL J H[ P[SOIS TOQIUTJOSHYSTIL RS WJ YLHUTUXM YJIOLMJIUHIJ JRLYIJRJ YLO SW YOSHURSMIS 1LMIIC IOJH WJT[JW ISOKUMX [MUhMRLHS TLM SW 0JOIURL 4UVSOJW SM WJ RSMLKUMJRJ r[HUXM 4UVSOJW:!LMHSO`JRLOJ\ %HIJ M[S`J TLJWUTUXM WLNOJOQJ SM DE;D SWSNUO JW YOSHURSMIS fLHhfLJm[QM 0hOS^\ 0LO H[ YJOISC SW SiST[IU`L OS[MUX J H[H JRcSOSMISH _ WLH JNO[YXSM ILOML JW 0JOIURL 'JTULMJW\
4J SaYLHUTUXM m[S HS UMUTUJ IUSMS IOSH LViSIU`LH\ %M YOUKSO W[NJOC TLMLTSO WJTLKYLHUTUXM HLTULSTLMXKUTJ RS WJ TLKYJZQJ TQ`UTJ RS UMPJMISOQJ SM 'JTUKUSMILcJTUJ !MSH RS WJ RhTJRJ RS DEF/\ 4[SNLC TLKYOSMRSO SW OLW RS SHIS T[SOYL SMH[ SHYJTUL NSLNO]!TL SHYSTQ!TL _ !MJWKSMIS RSISOKUMJO WJ YJOIUTUYJTUXM RSWLH KUSKVOLH RS SHJ [MURJR RS KUWUTUJH WLTJW SM WLH TLKUTULH YJOWJKSMIJOULHRS DEFE\ 'L LVHIJMIS PLOKJO YJOIS RS [M PSMXKSML KJ_LOC TLKL HUM W[NJO JR[RJH WL SH WJ UMISO`SMTUXM SWSTILOJW _ SW OLW RS WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW SM Jm[SWWJH YO]TIUTJHC SHIJ UM`SHIUNJTUXM RSVSOQJ JOOLiJO RJILH m[S YSOKUIJM SHIJVWSTSO WLHKJIUTSH _ TLMTW[HULMSH YOLYULH RS [M SHI[RUL RS TJHLH\
rUMJWKSMISC SH KSMSHISO KSMTULMJO IJKVUhM m[S SM 'JTUKUSMIL R[OJMISSW YSOULRL SHI[RUJRL SaUHIQJM JW KSMLH IOSH SHT[JROLMSH RS TJVJWWSOQJC RS WLHT[JWSH WJKSMIJVWSKSMIS HLWL HS SMTLMIOX RLT[KSMIJTUXM OSWJIU`J J H[ YWJMJKJ_LOC _ ML JW TLMi[MIL RS WLH VJIJWWLMSH TLKL HQ LT[OOS TLM WJ RS UMPJMISOQJ\)UM SKVJONLC SHIJ UMPLOKJTUXMC J[Mm[S POJNKSMIJOUJC HSO] [IUWU^JRJ T[JMRL HSTLMHURSOS MSTSHJOUL\
2" 5-"$N%" 4"&%'/"P? 9-0 "/#.&.N./#.0
4JH OJQTSH RS WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW HS SMT[SMIOJM SM WJH KUWUTUJH TLWLMUJWSHCWJH T[JWSH ISMQJM YLO KUHUXM RSPSMRSO WJH TU[RJRSH _ ̂ LMJH POLMISOU^JH RLMRS ML
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 5/25
!"#$%&%' )*"$$" +%,-./#.0 ="#&$,#) !>3,!#) ? 0&@!-,!#) %4%!-(%)\\\
9<
cJVQJ IOLYJH RS WQMSJ\ #HUKUHKLC RSVQJM OSHN[JORJO SW LORSM UMISOML _ SM TJHL
m[S hHIS HS m[SVOJMIJOJ SM JWNdM W[NJOC RSVQJM J[aUWUJO J WJH P[SO^JH OSN[WJOSHRLMRS HS OSm[UOUSOJ\ -JKVUhM SOJM [IUWU^JRJH YJOJ IOJHWJRJO OSLHC HLWSKMU^JO JTILH YdVWUTLH _ YOSHIJO LIOLH HSO`UTULH\ $[OJMIS WJ OS`LW[TUXM RS WJ ,MRSYSMRSMTUJCIJMIL OSJWUHIJH TLKL HSYJOJIUHIJH WJH LT[YJOLM YJOJ TLKYWSIJO H[H T[JROLH _TLKL VJHS YJOJ TOSJO M[S`LH T[SOYLHC YLO T[JMIL H[H SPSTIU`LH SOJM K[TcLK]H M[KSOLHLH m[S WJH [MURJRSH RSW %ihOTUIL YSOKJMSMISE\
-SOKUMJRJ WJ W[TcJ YLO WJ SKJMTUYJTUXMC WLH YOUKSOLH NLVUSOMLH TcUWSMLH`USOLM SM WJ YSOKJMSMTUJ RS SHIJ UMHIUI[TUXM [MJ MSTSHURJR\ &Sm[SOQJM RS [M
MdKSOL RS cLKVOSH TLM TUSOILH O[RUKSMILH RS UMHIO[TTUXM KUWUIJO YJOJ SM TJHLRS JWNdM TLM"UTILC STcJO KJML RS SWWLH YJOJ TLKYWSKSMIJO J WJH IOLYJH RS WQ:MSJ T[JMRL WJ HUI[JTUXM WL JKSOUIJHS\ )UM SKVJONLC SW YOL_STIL RS TLMHIUI[TUXM YOL`UHLOUJ YOLK[WNJRL YLO bSOMJORL (t+UNNUMH SM DEDE ML cJTQJ SaYWQTUIJ WJSaUHISMTUJ RS [M T[SOYL JOKJRL RUHIUMIL RSW %ihOTUILC J[Mm[S KSMTULMJVJ WJLVWUNJTUXM RS WLH TU[RJRJMLH RS HJTOU!TJOHS SM YLH RS WJ SaUHISMTUJ _ WUVSOIJRRSW %HIJRL\ ![JIOL JZLH K]H IJORSC WJ HUI[JTUXM TJKVUX\ %W ISaIL TLMHIUI[TULMJWRS DE66 KSMTULMJ J WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW _ SMTLKUSMRJ JW $UOSTILO )[YOSKLH[ LONJMU^JTUXM i[MIL TLM WJ RSW SihOTUIL _ WJ JOKJRJ\ %M WJH TJOIJH RS DE6. _DE6EC SM SHYSTUJW SM SHIJ dWIUKJC HS TLMHURSOJ WJ LVWUNJTUXM RS PLOKJO YJOISRS [M T[SOYL JOKJRLC TLKL OSm[UHUIL YJOJ m[S WLH cLKVOSH Y[RUSOJM NL^JO SM YWSMUI[R RS H[H PJT[WIJRSH TQ`UTJH\ %H RSTUOC _J SM DE6E SW WSNUHWJRLO `UMT[WXWLH RSOSTcLH TU[RJRJMLH _ HSO`UO SM WLH T[SOYLH TQ`UTLH7\
rUMJWKSMISC WJ !LMHIUI[TUXM RS DE.. OSTLNUX WL SaYOSHJRL SM DE6E _ IJK: VUhM HSZJWX m[S WJ TLMRUTUXM RS TU[RJRJML SHIJVJ QMIUKJKSMIS WUNJRJ J WJ RSKUSKVOL RS WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW\ %WWJ KSMTULMJ m[S ILRL TcUWSML SM SHIJRL RSTJONJO JOKJH RSVQJ UMHTOUVUOHS SM WJH WUHIJH RS WJ KUWUTUJ JTIU`J L YJHU`JC JRSK]H
RS LIOJH RUHYLHUTULMSH HUKUWJOSHD/\%M WJ RhTJRJ RS DE./C WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW TLVOX UKYLOIJMTUJ TLKL UMH:
IO[KSMIL YLWQIUTLC SHYSTUJWKSMIS YLO SW UKY[WHL RJRL J WJ UMHIUI[TUXM YLO SWKUMUHIOL $USNL 0LOIJWSH\ !LKL _J HS RUiLC SM WJ YO]TIUTJ HS IOJMHPLOKX SM[M TLMIOJYSHL _ KhILRL RS RUH[JHUXM YJOJ S`UIJO WJ JYJOUTUXM RS TJ[RUWWLH LTLMJILH OS`LW[TULMJOULH m[S UMISMIJOJM RSHSHIJVUWU^JO JW OhNUKSM SHIJVWSTURL\!LM SW TLOOSO RSW IUSKYL _ TLM SW J!JM^JKUSMIL RSW HUHISKJ UMHIUI[TULMJWC H[
E +SOM]MRS^C D7E9C LY\ TUI? YY\ F.:<6\7 >RSK\D/ 3JWSMTUJ #\C 4[UHC 3/"P.0 N. P" $.Le*P%&"? ;.S#'0 &'/0#%#-&%'/"P.0 N. +I%P. M $.K%0#$' N. P'0
&%-N"N"/'0 g-. I"/ %/#.K$"N' P'0 L'N.$.0 .h.&-#%Q' M P.K%0P"#%Q' N.0N. CDCdC -LKL ,C )JMIUJNLC%RUILOUJW #MROhH bSWWLC HSN[MRJ SRUTUXMC D7E;C YY\ D;/:DEF\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 6/25
!"#$%&'() $% +,)-(&,# g 6//7 %HI[RULH
9E
P[MTUXM TLKL 5-"$N%" N. +'$L0 RSW NLVUSOML HS P[S RUW[_SMRL\ 'L LVHIJMISC
J WJ YJO RS OLW SM WJ HSN[OURJR UMISOMJ RSW YJQHC TLKSM^X J TLMHURSO]OHSWS TLKL[M SPSTIU`L KSRUL RS KL`UWU^JTUXM RS `LIJMISHC YOUMTUYJWKSMIS RS WLH JOISHJ:MLH RS WJH TU[RJRSHC m[USMSH WJH TLMPLOKJVJM SM H[ KJ_LOQJDD\ ?J SM DE96C J YOLYXHUIL RS WJ RUHT[HUXM SM YLH RS WJ OSPLOKJ J WJ WS_ SWSTILOJWC SW NLVUSOMLSOJ JT[HJRL RS KL`UWU^JO J WLH TQ`UTLH TLM SW LViSIL RS UMISO`SMUO _ KJMSiJO JH[ JKJZL WLH TLKUTULHC WL T[JW HSOQJ OSHUHIURL cJHIJ YLO WLH YOLYULH KUSKVOLHRS WJ KUWUTUJ\ 1]H JdMC ILRJ`QJ HS TLMHURSOJVJ m[S WLH TQ`UTLH YLRQJM OU`JWU^JOSM YOSYJOJTUXM _ S!TUSMTUJ TLM SW SihOTUIL OSN[WJOC WL T[JW WJH TLM`SOIQJ SM [M
YOLIJNLMUHIJ RS YOUKSO LORSM\ )UM SKVJONLC cJTUJ!
MSH RS WJ T[JOIJ RhTJRJRSW HUNWL A,AC WJH JT[HJTULMSH HLVOS H[ RLTUWURJR JMIS SW YLRSO RSW SiST[IU`LJOOSTUJVJM J YOLYXHUIL RS WLH OSH[WIJRLH RS WJ SWSTTUXM YJOWJKSMIJOUJ RS DE97\4J TLOO[YTUXM SWSTILOJW _ WJ VdHm[SRJ RS K]H WUVSOIJRSH TU`UWSH Y[HUSOLM SMISWJ RS i[UTUL WJ YJOIUTUYJTUXM RS SHILH T[SOYLH TU`UWSH SM WJ RUHY[IJ YLWQIUTJD6\%KYSOLC WJH JT[HJTULMSH OSHYSTIL RS WJ [IUWU^JTUXM YLWQIUTJ UMRSVURJ RS WJHKUWUTUJH TLMIUM[X cJHIJ VUSM SMIOJRJ WJ HSN[MRJ KUIJR RSW HUNWL D.\
4"&%J%./#'B &%-N"N N. ,$'/#.$"
# D96 pUWXKSIOLH JW H[O SHIS RS !LMTSYTUXMC P[MRJRJ SM D;/. _ [VUTJRJ SMWJ T[MJ RSW bULVQLC WJ TU[RJR RS 'JTUKUSMIL cJTUJ !MSH RS WJ RhTJRJ RS DEF/HS SON[QJ TLKL [ML RS WLH VJHIULMSH RSHRS RLMRS HS UMUTUJOQJ SW J`JMTS RS WJTLWLMU^JTUXM TcUWSMJ cJTUJ WJH IUSOOJH JOJ[TJMJH\ )S IOJIJVJ SMILMTSH RS [MW[NJO RS UMISMHJ `URJ POLMISOU^JC m[S i[MIL TLM WJ `STUMJ WLTJWURJR RS 'SNOSIS
JM[RJVJ SW TLKSOTUL RS JKVLH WJRLH RSW OQL\ 4J `URJ TLIURUJMJ RS SHIS Y[SVWLML SOJ RUHIUMIJ J WJ RS LIOLH RS WJ ^LMJ\ #WWQ YOUKJVJ WJ WS_ RSW K]H P[SOISC WJRS m[USM ISMQJ KSiLO OSWJTUXM TLM WJ J[ILOURJR WLTJWC TLM WLH TJTUm[SH L TLMWLH KLMILMSOLH\ !LKYJOIQJ WJ SaUHISMTUJ RS SHJH IUSOOJH [M `JOULYUMIL NO[YLRS YSOHLMJH PLOKJRL YLO YSm[SZLH cJTSMRJRLHC jJP[SOUMLHkC TLKSOTUJMISHCKUWUIJOSH RJRLH RS VJiJC KSHIU^LHC JOISHJMLHC TLWLMLH TcUWSMLH L SaIOJMiSOLHCNJZJMSH _ ML YLTLH V[HTJ`URJH\
DD ,WWJMSHC 1JOQJ #MNhWUTJC j4J OS`LW[TUXM HLWURJOUJ\ 4JH )LTUSRJRSH RS )LTLOOLH 1[I[LHRS #OISHJMLH _ (VOSOLH8 [M YOL_STIL YLY[WJO RSKLTO]IUTLC DE9/:DEE<k\ %M 7.Q%0#" !'P%0C 's FC Y\ 9\ Blll\OS`UHIJYLWUH\TWgFgUWWJ\cIKG
D6 +SOM]MRS^C D7E9C LY\ TUI\ YY\ D/9:DD/\D. =OS^C D77<C LY\ TUI\ Y\ 6E/\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 7/25
!"#$%&%' )*"$$" +%,-./#.0 ="#&$,#) !>3,!#) ? 0&@!-,!#) %4%!-(%)\\\
97
4J TOSJTUXM RS WJ YOL`UMTUJ RS #OJ[TL SM DEF6 HUNMU!TX WJ UMHIJ[OJTUXM RSW
%HIJRL TcUWSML SM YOLYUSRJRC LYSOJMRL TLM [MJ WXNUTJ RS LT[YJTUXM RSW ISOOU:ILOULC TLM SW LViSIL RS SiSOTSO SW TLMIOLW SPSTIU`L RS SWWLHD9\ 'JTUKUSMIL cJTQJTJVS^J RS H[ YOLYUJ NLVSOMJTUXMC _ RS H[ V[OLTOJTUJC YSOISMSTUSMIS JW RSYJOIJ:KSMIL RS 4J[IJOL\ #HQ TLKUSM^J WJ SIJYJ RS UMHIJ[OJTUXM RS WJH UMHIUI[TULMSHOSY[VWUTJML:WUVSOJWSH SM WJ ^LMJC IJWSH TLKL WJ JRKUMUHIOJTUXM RS i[HIUTUJ _ WJTOSJTUXM RS [MJ M[S`J i[OUHRUTTUXM SWSTILOJWC J IOJ`hH RS WJ T[JW HS SWSNUOQJ JWLH OSYOSHSMIJMISH RS WJ ^LMJ YJOJ SW !LMNOSHL 'JTULMJWC IJMIL YJOJ SW )SMJRLTLKL YJOJ WJ !]KJOJ RS $UY[IJRLH\ %KYSOLC K]H JWW] RSW LORSM i[OQRUTLC WJ
SaUHISMTUJ RSW J_[MIJKUSMILC [MJ JRKUMUHIOJTUXM WLTJW _ WJH J[ILOURJRSH YdVWU:TJHC WJH [MURJRSH RSW SihOTUIL RS WQMSJ m[S YSOKJMSTQJM SM WLH JWOSRSRLOSH _ WJ=[JORUJ 'JTULMJW SOJM WJH dMUTJH UMHIUI[TULMSH m[S OS`SWJVJM WJ YOSHSMTUJ OSJWRSW %HIJRL _ RSW NLVUSOML YLO Jm[SWWLH W[NJOSH\
"M SiSKYWL RS WJ WSMIUI[R SM SW SHIJVWSTUKUSMIL _ WJ RSVUWURJR RS WJ TLVSO:I[OJ RS WJH UMHIUI[TULMSH RSW %HIJRL TSMIOJW SM WJ ^LMJ R[OJMIS NOJM YJOIS RSWHUNWL A,AC WL TLMHIUI[_S SW cSTcL RS m[S YJOJ SW JZL DE99C IUSKYL JMISH RS WJTOSJTUXM RS WJ YOL`UMTUJ RS #OJ[TLC MU HUm[USOJ HS TLMHUNMJOJ WJ SaUHISMTUJ RS[M T[SOYL RS YLWUTQJ OSN[WJO SM 'JTUKUSMILDF\ %HIL UKYWUTJC SMIOS LIOJH TLHJHCm[S WJ JRKUMUHIOJTUXM RS i[HIUTUJC WJ HSN[OURJR RS WJ ^LMJC SW TLKVJIS TLMIOJT[JIOSOLH _ LIOL IUYL RS RSWUMT[SMISH m[SRJVJ H[VLORUMJRL J WJ UMUTUJIU`J _ LO:NJMU^JTUXM RS WJ NSMIS RSW Y[SVWL _ H[H JWOSRSRLOSH\ )UM SKVJONLC SHIL ML RULJVJHIL\ %M WLH JZLH YOS`ULH J WLH JW^JKUSMILH UMRQNSMJH RS WJ RhTJRJ RS DE;/C SWJ^LIS _ WJ YSMSIOJTUXM RS WLH KLMILMSOLH SOJM RS IJW KJNMUI[RC m[S SM DEF< WJHJ[ILOURJRSH YOLcUVUSOLM J WLH TLKSOTUJMISH WJ `SMIJ RS YXW`LOJC HJVWSH [ LIOLHSWSKSMILH RS N[SOOJ m[S Y[RUSOJM HSO [IUWU^JRLH YJOJ JHJWIJO J WJH YSOHLMJH _ JWJ YOLYUSRJRC HL YSMJ RS P[SOISH K[WIJH SM RUMSOLD;\ %M LTJHULMSHC WJ UMm[USI[R
_ SW RSHSL RS KJMISMSO WJ YJ^ SM WJ ^LMJ ML HLWL SOJ SaTW[HU`J WLH cJVUIJMISHRSW Y[SVWLC HUML IJKVUhM RS WLH YOLYULH UMRQNSMJH RS TLK[MURJRSH RS WLH JWOS:RSRLOSH\ %M PSVOSOL RS DEF7C W[SNL RS [MJ SHTJOJK[^J SM WJH UMKSRUJTULMSH RSWJ WLTJWURJRC [M `STUML RS 'JTUKUSMILC RS MLKVOS $JMUSW )SYdW`SRJC UMPLOKX
D9 0JOSMIUMUC 4[UH !JOWLH _ +SOOSOJC 0JIOUTULC j#OJ[TJMQJ KJWRUIJ8 H[ UKJNSM J IOJ`hH RS WJ YOSMHJ\ BDE6/:DE;/Gk\ %M 3$"-&"/W"H P" ̀ $'/#.$" J.0#%R"B 0%KP' _)_ C 4SXMC 4SLMJORLq +SOOSOJC0JIOUTULC 0JOSMIUMUC 4[UH !JOWLH _ 3UWWJWLVLH &\C )SONUL\ )JMIUJNLC %RUTULMSH "!)+C 6//.\ Y\ED\
DF j$SYJOIJKSMIL RS 4J[IJOL RS WJ YOL`UMTUJ RS !LMTSYTUXM\ (ORSM 0dVWUTLk\ #OTcU`L 'JTULMJW\ 1UMUHISOUL RSW ,MISOULOC `LW\ D66C rLiJ 7<\
D; #OTcU`L 'JTULMJW\ =LVSOMJTUXM RS 'JTUKUSMILC ̀ LW\ DFC rLiJ D\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 8/25
!"#$%&'() $% +,)-(&,# g 6//7 %HI[RULH
F/
m[S 9/ KLTSILMSH HS LPOSTUSOLM `LW[MIJOUJKSMIS YJOJ YOSHIJO H[H HSO`UTULH J
PJ`LO RSW Y[SVWL SM T[JMIL P[SOJ MSTSHJOULD<\%M HQMISHUHC SM WJ ^LMJ RS 4J rOLMISOJ JOJ[TJMJ UKYSOJVJM [MJ URSMIURJR _
RUM]KUTJ YOLYUJH m[S ML YSOISMSTQJ JW K[MRL IOUVJW MU JW RSW %HIJRL 'JTULMJWCKJMISMUhMRLHS JdM J[IXMLKJC TLM TXRUNLH _ .#I'0 YOLYULHC RLMRS HS KS^TWJOLMSWSKSMILH RS WL TcUWSML _ WL JOJ[TJMLC RJMRL TLKL OSH[WIJRL [M SHYJTUL RS TUSOIJUMRSYSMRSMTUJ TLM [MJ T[WI[OJ YOLYUJC m[S YLHSQJ SWSKSMILH RS JKVLH K[MRLH YSOL HUSKYOS JTLORS J WLH RUTIJRLH _ `JU`SMSH RS WJ OSJWURJR TLIURUJMJDE\
+'JL'0%&%]/ N. P" &'JL"iW" &WQ%&" N. %/,"/#.$W" N. 4"&%J%./#'
)SNdM TLMHIJ SM WJ A.J'$%" YOSHSMIJRJ YLO SW 1UMUHISOUL RS =[SOOJ JW!LMNOSHL 'JTULMJW SW JZL DEFEC SW ILIJW RS SPSTIU`LH RS WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW JMU`SW MJTULMJW JWTJM^JVJ J WLH .E\/97 cLKVOSHC TLMTSMIO]MRLHS SM WJ YOL`UMTUJRS #OJ[TL 6\6F;C H[VRU`URURJH SM D\.69 RS UMPJMISOQJ _ 7.6 RS TJVJWWSOQJ\ 'L
SaUHIQJM T[SOYLH RS JOIUWWSOQJD7\ %M SW KUHKL RLT[KSMILC SH YLHUVWS JYOSTUJOWJ YLVOS^J RSW KJISOUJW RS N[SOOJ TLM m[S TLMIJVJM WLH T[SOYLH TQ`UTLH RS WJ^LMJ\ 4LH YLTL K]H RS RLH KUW cLKVOSH RSVQJM TLKYJOIUO [M Y[ZJRL RS P[HUWSHCTJOJVUMJHC VJ_LMSIJHC HJVWSH _ WJM^JH\ #WNL HUKUWJO LT[OOQJ TLM SW ̀ SHI[JOULC RSWT[JW HLWL HS SMTLMIOJVJ RUHYLMUVWS YJOJ WJ IOLYJ [MJH T[JMIJH NLOOJHC TJHJTJH _KLTcUWJHC SMIOS LIOJH YOSMRJH6/\
%HILH T[SOYLH TQ`UTLH SOJM TLKJMRJRLH YLO LPUTUJWSH RSW SihOTUIL RSWQMSJC SM`UJRLH SM TLKUHUXM YJOJ T[KYWUO WJH IJOSJH MSTSHJOUJH RSW KJMRLC
D< #OTcU`L 'JTULMJW\ !LMIJR[OQJ 1J_LO Du HSOUS\ `LW\ <D;C rLiJ D76\ 1]H RLT[KSMILH m[SJISHIUN[JM WJ TLWJVLOJTUXM SPSTIU`J SMIOS TcUWSMLH S UMRQNSMJH R[OJMIS SW YSOQLRL RS WJ RSMLKU:MJRJ j0JTU!TJTUXM RS WJ #OJ[TJMQJkC SM SW JMSaL J WJ YLMSMTUJ RS 4SLMJORL 4SXM )LWQH SM WJ)SN[MRJ fLOMJRJ RS +UHILOUJ 1UWUIJOC )UNWLH A,A:AAC j4LMpLH _ NSMSOJWSH8 SYUHILWJOUL RS WJ YJTU!TJTUXM BDE;/: DE</Gk\ %M 9.K-/N" j'$/"N" N. =%0#'$%" A%P%#"$ 9%KP'0 _)_ X __ C )JMIUJNLC6//FC YY\ DE6:66F\
DE 4SXMC 4SLMJORL _ 3UWWJWLVLH &\C )SONULC j-UYLH c[KJMLH _ SHYJTULH RS HLTUJVUWURJR SMWJ POLMISOJ KJY[TcS RS #ONSMIUMJ _ !cUWSC DE//:D7//\ 0OLY[SHIJ RS UM`SHIUNJTUXMk\ %M 4SXMC4SLMJORL SI JW\ LY\ TUI? YY\ 69:6F\
D7 j$LT[KSMIL 's Ek\ %M A.J'$%" g-. .P J%/%0#$' N. :0#"N' ./ .P N.L"$#"J./#' N. K-.$$"
L$.0./#" "P +'/K$.0' 4"&%'/"P N. CDEDC )JMIUJNLC ,KYOSMIJ 'JTULMJWC DEFE\6/ >RSK\ %MIOS SW JOHSMJW RS ILRJH WJH [MURJRSH TQ`UTJH RSW RSYJOIJKSMIL RS #OJ[TL HS
TLMIJVJM 96; P[HUWSHC D6 TJOJVUMJHC 96< VJ_LMSIJHC E HJVWSH _ DF; WJM^JH\ %W OLYJiS RUHYLMUVWSJWTJM^JVJ J F// NLOOJHC 9// TJHJTJH _ 69 KLTcUWJH\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 9/25
!"#$%&%' )*"$$" +%,-./#.0 ="#&$,#) !>3,!#) ? 0&@!-,!#) %4%!-(%)\\\
FD
JRUSHIOJKUSMIL S UMHIO[TTUXM RS WJH YSOHLMJH SMOLWJRJH SM WJ KUWUTUJ\ 4J
RSHIUMJTUXM RS SHILH L!TUJWSH J WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW HS RSMLKUMJVJ TLKL SW YJHL J jT[SOYLH RS JHJKVWSJk _ SOJ TLMHURSOJRJ TLKL [MJ TLKUHUXM K]H RSMIOLRS WJ TJOOSOJ KUWUIJOC IJW TLKL HU IOJIJOJ RS T[JWm[USO LIOL T[SOYL RSW SihOTUIL YSOKJMSMIS\ )UM SKVJONLC ML SH RUPQTUW H[YLMSO m[S HSO`UO SM WJH KUWUTUJH MLISMROQJ WJ KUHKJ `JWLOJTUXM m[S cJTSOWL SM [M VJIJWWXM L OSNUKUSMIL RS WQMSJ\4J MLOKJ SOJ m[S SHILH T[SOYLH HS RSRUTJOJM J T[HILRUJO WJH T]OTSWSH L TLKLOSSKYWJ^L RS WJH P[SO^JH RS WQMSJ SM SW HSO`UTUL RS N[JOMUTUXM WLTJW 6D\ )UMSKVJONLC JW KSMLH SM WJH KUWUTUJH RS 4J rOLMISOJC WJ YLHUVUWURJR RS JRm[UOUO
SaYSOUSMTUJ SM ISOOSML _ TUSOIL YOSHIUNUL SMIOS H[H H[YSOULOSHC YJOSH _ H[VJWISOMLHCSOJ OSJWC YLO T[JMIL SHIJH PLOKJTULMSH K[TcJH `STSH OSPLO^JVJM WJH TLW[KMJHRS WLH T[SOYLH OSN[WJOSH SM H[H YJIO[WWJH S UMT[OHULMSH SM ISOOUILOUL RLKUMJRL YLO KLMILMSOJH L JOJ[TJMLH OSVSWRSH66\
4J YWJMJ KJ_LO RS WJ TLKYJZQJ TQ`UTJ RS UMPJMISOQJ RS 'JTUKUSMILC RLMRSHS UMTW[_S IJKVUhM JW HJONSMIL UMHIO[TILO _ WLH IJKVLOSH RS WJ [MURJRC cJTUJKSRUJRLH RS DEFE SHIJVJ TLMPLOKJRJ TLKL HS K[SHIOJ J TLMIUM[JTUXM8
"#$%# &'()*+,-+ ./ 012+13/4-+ 5-605+ ./ 7+50)0/13( &898
:;+1+ )+<(4
=OJRL 'LKVOSH!LKJMRJMIS SM TLKUHUXM\ !JYUI]M 1JIQJH 0WJ^J\#MRJMIS SM TLKUHUXM\ )[VISMUSMIS 1JIQJH 4XYS \̂)JONSMIL Ds ,MHIO[TILO f[JM 1JM[SW &Um[SWKS-JKVLO f[JM RS $ULH bSWWL
r[SMIS8 #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL RSW %ihOTUIL\ `LW\ ! /./\ ) g 's
$UPQTUW OSH[WIJ SHIJVWSTSO TLM TWJOURJR WJ YOLTSRSMTUJ RS SHIJH YSOHLMJH\ %MIhOKUMLH RS LOUNSM HLTUJWC TJVS HSZJWJO m[S WLH OJMNLH RS TJYUI]M _ H[VISMUSMIS YLROQJM WWS`JO J YSMHJO m[S HS IOJIJ RS YSOHLMJH YSOISMSTUSMISH JW HSNKSMILH[YSOULO RS WJ HLTUSRJR TcUWSMJC YSHS J SWWLC ML HS Y[SRS RSHTJOIJO m[S P[SOJMRS SaIOJTTUXM KSRUJ L UMTW[HL VJiJC Y[SH R[OJMIS WLH UMUTULH _ TLMHLWURJTUXM
6D A.J'$%" g-. .P J%/%0#$' N. :0#"N'v Y\ DF\66 j$UJOUL 1UWUIJO RS WJ dWIUKJ TJKYJZJ _ OSYLVWJTUXM RS #MNLWC SM WJ #OJ[TJMQJC
YLO SW %ihOTUIL RS (YSOJTUXM RS [WIOJ bQL:bQL VJiL WJ RUOSTTUXM RSW ISMUSMIS TLOLMSW _TLKJMRJMIS SM iSPSC UMISMRSMIS RS WJ YOL`UMTUJ RS #OJ[TL $\ !LOMSWUL )JJ`SROJk\ %M
:P A.$&-$%' B3JWYJOJQHLGC DFC DEC 6/C 6DC 66C 6.C 69 RS i[WUL RS DE;. _ SM :P !'$Q./%$ B!cUWW]MGC D6 RS PSVOSOL RS DE;.\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 10/25
!"#$%&'() $% +,)-(&,# g 6//7 %HI[RULH
F6
RS WJ &SYdVWUTJC K]H RS [M ISOTUL RS WLH L!TUJWSH cJVQJ UMNOSHJRL J WJ UMHIU:
I[TUXM TLM SW NOJRL RS HLWRJRLC TJVL BTWJHSHG L HJONSMIL BH[VL!TUJWG\ 0LO WLIJMILC WJ YLHUVUWURJR RS LVISMSO `JOULH JHTSMHLH RSMIOL RSW SHTJWJPXMC J IOJ`hHRSW T[KYWUKUSMIL RS TUSOIJ TJMIURJR RS JZLH RS HSO`UTUL L YLO WJH TJYJTURJRSHUMRU`UR[JWSH RS TJRJ [MUPLOKJRLC SOJ YWJ[HUVWS6.\
'L LVHIJMISC IJKVUhM HS JTTSRQJ JW NOJRL RS L!TUJW KSRUJMIS YOLY[SHIJH RS YSOHLMJH SHYSTQ!TJH OSJWU^JRJH JMIS WJH J[ILOURJRSH TLOOSHYLMRUSMISH\ 0LO SiSK: YWLC YJOJ WWSMJO WJH ̀ JTJMISH RS TJYUI]MC ISMUSMISC JWPhOS^ _ YLOIJSHIJMRJOIS RS WJTLKYJZQJ TQ`UTJ RS TJVJWWSOQJ RS 'JTUKUSMILC HS OSTLKSMRX J `JOUJH YSOHLMJH
RSMLKUMJRJH TLKL jV[SMLH TU[RJRJMLHkC WLH T[JWSH SOJM OSTLKSMRJRLH YLO H[HjJIOUV[ILH _ TLMRUTULMSHk JRST[JRLH YJOJ SiSOTSO SW Y[SHIL69\ 0OLVJVWSKSMISC HSIOJIJVJ RS cLKVOSH m[S _J YSOISMSTQJM J WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJWC YOL`SMUSMISH RSTUSOIJH PJKUWUJH RS OSMLKVOS SM WJ TLK[MURJR WLTJWC m[SC NOJTUJH JW YOSHIUNUL RSH[H JYSWWURLHC SR[TJTUXM _ IJKVUhM JW T[KYWUO TUSOILH OSm[UHUILH KQMUKLH YJOJHSO`UO SM WLH NOJRLH H[YSOULOSH RS [MURJRSH RS KUWUTUJH\ 0SHS J SWWLC HUSKYOS SWKJMRL SPSTIU`L RSW T[SOYL OSTJQJ SM WLH KUWUIJOSH RS TJOOSOJ\
0LO LIOJ YJOISC HS SMTLMIOJVJM WLH H[VL!TUJWSH _ TWJHSH m[S PLOKJVJM SW
NO[SHL RSW T[SOYL JOKJRL _ SW TLKYLMSMIS TU`UW SM T[JMIL IJW\ %W MdKSOL RSWTLMIUMNSMIS SOJ OSWJIU`JKSMIS SHTJHLC ;F cLKVOSHC HU HS TLKYJOJ TLM SW MdKSOLURSJW RS [MJ TLKYJZQJ YSOISMSTUSMIS J [MJ [MURJR OSN[WJOC m[S SM ISLOQJ RSVSOQJJWTJM^JO SMIOS WLH D// J D6/ HLWRJRLH\ )SNdM WJ WUHIJ MLKUMJW RS WJ TLKYJZQJTQ`UTJ RS UMPJMISOQJ RS 'JTUKUSMILC SWJVLOJRJ SW 6. RS KJ_L RS DEFEC WJ TJMIURJRRS SPSTIU`LH RU`URURLH HSNdM H[H OJMNLH TLOOSHYLMRUSMISH SOJ WJ HUN[USMIS8
"#$%# ='()*+,-+ ./ 012+13/4-+ 5-605+ ./ 7+50)0/13( &898
>?@A(!50+;/B < 5;+B/BCD/B@)/1 E/1/4+;
!WJHSH 'dKSOL)JONSMIL Ds D)JONSMIL 6s ;!JVL Ds ;!JVL 6s ;)LWRJRLH 9;"(3+; F9
r[SMIS8 #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL RSW %ihOTUIL\ `LW\ ! /./\ ) g 's
6. 3SONJOJ n\C )SONULC =%0#'$%" 0'&%"P N.P :h^$&%#' N. +I%P.C `LW\ ,C )JMIUJNLC "MU`SOHURJRRS !cUWSC D77.C Y\ D<7\
69 #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL RSW %ihOTUILC `LW\ ! /./C 's D6\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 11/25
!"#$%&%' )*"$$" +%,-./#.0 ="#&$,#) !>3,!#) ? 0&@!-,!#) %4%!-(%)\\\
F.
$S SHIJ IJVWJ ML SH K[TcL T[JMIL Y[SRS RSTUOHS\ 4J SHIO[TI[OJ YUOJKURJW
RS ILRJ LONJMU^JTUXM KUWUIJO HS OSYOLR[TS JT] TLM TWJOURJR\ %aUHIQJ [M MdKSOLOSR[TURL RS YSOHLMJW RS OJMNL K]H VJiL m[S WLH L!TUJWSHC SMTJONJRL RS WJ JHUH:ISMTUJ SM WJ RUOSTTUXM RS WJ IOLYJ BHJONSMILH _ TJVLHG _ RLIJRL RS TUSOIL YLRSO_ LVWUNJTULMSH\ %W NO[SHL RS WJ [MURJR SHIJVJ TLMPLOKJRL YLO WLH HLWRJRLHOJHLH\
4JH LT[YJTULMSH J WJH m[S HS RSRUTJVJM WLH SPSTIU`LH SM WJ `URJ TU`UW SOJM`JOUJRJH\ 4LH c[VL RS ILRL IUYL _ MdKSOL\ -JMIL TLKSOTUJMISHC JOISHJMLH _SKYWSJRLH TLKL NJZJMSH _ WJVOJRLOSH TLKYJOIUSOLM J WJ YJO JW UMISOULO RS WJ
[MURJR\ #HQ HS LVHSO`J SM SHIS OSH[KSM8
"#$%# G
'()*+,-+ ./ 012+13/4-+ 5-605+ ./ 7+50)0/13( &898
>?@A(!50+;/B < 5;+B/BC
H5@*+50(1/B
(!TUL 'dKSOL=JZ]M DD!JOYUMISOL 75JYJISOL 7!LKSOTUJMIS F4JVOJRLO ;4JMTcSOL F#WVJZUW 90WJISOL 9)JHIOS 9#VJHISOL .)UO`USMIS 6
-JWJVJOISOL D-LMSWSOL D-SiSOL D"(3+; F9
r[SMIS8 #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL RSW %ihOTUIL\ `LW\ ! /./\ ) g 's
4J YSOISMSMTUJ J WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW RS YSOHLMJH RS RU`SOHJH LT[YJTULMSHIJM RUPSOSMISH SMIOS HQC TLKL YLO SiSKYWLC NJZJMSH _ TLKSOTUJMISH L HUO`USMISH_ JOISHJMLHC ML SH SaIOJZJ JW ISMSO SM T[SMIJC TLKL HS KSMTULMX SM WJH Y]NUMJH YOSTSRSMISHC m[S HS IOJIJ RS [MJ ^LMJ O[OJW _ JRSK]H TLM [MJ RUM]KUTJ HLTUJWRUHIUMIJ J WJ cJVUI[JWC IJMIL SM WJH TU[RJRSH TLKL SM SW TJKYL\ 'L LVHIJMISCWJ YO]TIUTJ RS UMTW[UO J TJKYSHUMLH SM WJH MXKUMJH RS WJH KUWUTUJH O[OJWSH SOJ
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 12/25
!"#$%&'() $% +,)-(&,# g 6//7 %HI[RULH
F9
TLOOUSMIS\ )SNdM )SONUL =OS^C SHIJ HUI[JTUXM LVSRSTQJ JW cSTcL RS ML TLMIJO TLM
WJ TJMIURJR H[!TUSMIS RS JOISHJMLH YJOJ UMTW[UOWLH SMIOS H[H !WJH6F\%MIOS WLH HJONSMILH BYOUKSOLH SM SW SHTJWJPXM RS WLH H[VL!TUJWSH _ TWJHSHG
HS SMTLMIOJVJM WJH LT[YJTULMSH YOSHSMIJRJH J TLMIUM[JTUXM8
"#$%# I
'()*+,-+ ./ 012+13/4-+ 5-605+ ./ 7+50)0/13( &898
>?+4E/13(B &J < =JC
H5@*+50(1/B
(T[YJTUXM 'dKSOL4JVOJRLO .-JWJVJOISOL D-LMSWSOL D!LKSOTUJMIS D)JHIOS D"(3+; K
r[SMIS8 #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL RSW %ihOTUIL\ `LW\ ! /./\ ) g 's
!LKL HS Y[SRS LVHSO`JOC YOSRLKUMJM L!TULH m[S ML YLROQJM HSO TLMHU:RSOJRLH YJOIS RSW JOISHJMJRL SM T[JMIL IJWC TLKL HLM WJVOJRLOSHC ILMSWSOLH _TLKSOTUJMISH\ %KYSOLC [M JOISHJML SH m[USM LT[YJVJ SW OJMNL K]H JWIL SMIOSWLH HJONSMILH\ )S IOJIJVJ RS f[JM RS $ULH #N[J_LC [M IJWJVJOISOLC m[USM RSH:SKYSZJVJ WJVLOSH TLKL HJONSMIL Ds 6;\
#WNL RUHIUMIL H[TSRS JW OSJWU^JO SW KUHKL RSHNWLHS RS L!TULHC YSOL SHIJ ̀ S^SMIOS WLH TJVLH\ #WWQ HQ YOSRLKUMJVJM WLH JOISHJMLH\
"#$%# 9
'()*+,-+ ./ 012+13/4-+ 5-605+ ./ 7+50)0/13( &898
>'+A(B &J < =JC
H5@*+50(1/B
(T[YJTUXM 'dKSOL5JYJISOL .0WJISOL .!JOYUMISOL 6
6F =OS^C D77<C LY\ TUI\ Y\ 6<;\6; j4UHIJ MLKUMJW YLO SW LORSM RS JMIUNwSRJR RS WLH UMRU`UR[LH m[S RUTcJ TLKYJZQJ IUSMS
SM SW RQJ RS WJ PSTcJC TLM RSKLHIOJTUXM RS H[H JZLH RS HSO`UTULH _ RSK]H TUOT[MHIJMTUJH m[S HSSaYOSHJMk\ #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL RSW %ihOTUILC `LW\ ! /./\ ) g 's\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 13/25
!"#$%&%' )*"$$" +%,-./#.0 ="#&$,#) !>3,!#) ? 0&@!-,!#) %4%!-(%)\\\
FF
!LKSOTUJMIS 6
#WVJZUW D)JHIOS D"(3+; &=
r[SMIS8 #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL RSW %ihOTUIL\ `LW\ ! /./\ ) g 's
4JH SaTSYTULMSH m[S TLM!OKJM WJ OSNWJ RSW YOSRLKUMUL RSW JOISHJMJRL SMIOSm[USMSH LT[YJM WJH YWJ^JH RS TJVL HLM RLH8 [M JWVJZUWC LVOSOL SHYSTUJWU^JRL RSWJ TLMHIO[TTUXMC _ RLH TLKSOTUJMISH\ 0SHS J ML HSO JOISHJMLH YOLYUJKSMIS IJWSHC
HS IOJIJ RS YSOHLMJH TLM [M SKYWSL RS!
MURL _ TUSOILH UMNOSHLH\0LO H[ YJOISC WJ IOLYJ RS WJ KUWUTUJ ISMQJ [MJ TLMPLOKJTUXM K]H cSISOLNhMSJ
SM T[JMIL J L!TULH HS IOJIJ\ %M SHIS HSNKSMIL YOSRLKUMJM WJH YSOHLMJH RSML:KUMJRJH TLKL jNJZJMSHkC m[USMSHC YLO IOJIJOHS RS TJKYSHUMLH L YSLMSH YLVOSHMSTSHJOUJKSMIS YOL`SMQJM RS [M SaIOJTIL HLTUJW K]H VJiL\ #RSK]HC SW [HL RS WJKUHKJ YJWJVOJ jNJZ]MkC T[_L HUNMU!TJRL ML JW[RS J LIOJ TLHJ m[S J [M KL^LRS WJVOJM^JC RSK[SHIOJ [MJ ̀ JWLOJTUXM MSNJIU`JC HUML RSHYOSTUL OSHYSTIL RS H[LT[YJTUXMC `SHIUKSMIJC TLHI[KVOSH _ IOJIL\ 0LO SW TLMIOJOULC LIOLH UMRU`UR[LHm[S YLROQJM HSO RSMLKUMJRLH RS KJMSOJ HUKUWJO RSVURL J WJH TJOJTISOQHIUTJH RSH[ WJVLOC HLM RSHUNMJRLH TLKL kWJVOJRLOSHk L TLKL jHUO`USMISHkC WL T[JW WSHSMIOSNJ [MJ SHIUKJTUXM JWNL K]H YLHUIU`J OSHYSTIL RS WLH jNJZJMSHk\
"#$%# F
'()*+,-+ ./ 012+13/4-+ 5-605+ ./ 7+50)0/13( &898
>?(;.+.(BC
H5@*+50(1/B
(T[YJTUXM 'dKSOL
=JZ]M DD!JOYUMISOL <5JYJISOL ;4JMTcSOL F#WVJZUW .4JVOJRLO .#VJHISOL .!LKSOTUJMIS .)UO`USMIS 6)JHIOS D
0WJISOL D-SiSOL D"(3+; IF
r[SMIS8 #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL RSW %ihOTUIL\ `LW\ ! /./\ ) g 's
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 14/25
!"#$%&'() $% +,)-(&,# g 6//7 %HI[RULH
F;
!LKL HS LVHSO`JC TJHU WJ T[JOIJ YJOIS RS WLH HLWRJRLH OJHLH HLM RSMLKUMJRLH
TLKL NJZJMSH\ 0[RL IOJIJOHS RS YSLMSH L UMm[UWUMLH m[S ISMQJM [M IOJVJiL SHIJ: VWSC Y[SH RUS^ RS SWWLH OSNUHIOJVJM [M JZL L K]H RS YSOKJMSMTUJ SM WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW _ TUMTL cJVQJM TLMIOJQRL M[YTUJH6<\
!LKL HS `S J HUKYWS `UHIJC i[MIL TLM WLH JOISHJMLH _ YSOHLMJH RS LIOLHL!TULH BTJOYUMISOLC WJMTcSOLC JVJHISOLC SIT\G cJ_C JW UN[JW m[S SMIOS HJONSMILH_ TJVLHC JWN[MLH TLKSOTUJMISH\ $S SHILH dWIUKLH TJVS HSZJWJO m[S T[KYWQJM[M OLW K[_ UKYLOIJMIS SM WJ ^LMJ POLMISOU^JC SM SHYSTUJW m[USMSH OSTLOOQJM SWISOOUILOUL `SMRUSMRL H[H YOLR[TILH J TcUWSMLH _ KJY[TcSH\ 4J KJ_LOQJ ISMQJ
V[SMJH OSWJTULMSH TLM WLH TJTUm[SHC V]HUTJKSMIS J YJOIUO RS WJ TLM!JM^J JR:m[UOURJ J IOJ`hH RS KdWIUYWSH OSNJWLH cSTcLH J SHILH WQRSOSH UMRQNSMJH _ J H[HPJKUWUJH\ -JW SOJ SW NOJRL RS TLMLTUKUSMIL JRm[UOURL RSW ISOOUILOULC m[S JWN[MLHRS SHILH KSOTJRSOSH P[SOLM [IUWU^JRLH SM WJH [MURJRSH TQ`UTJH TLKL N[QJH SM`JOUJH SaYSRUTULMSH KUWUIJOSHC HLVOS ILRL W[SNL RS [M jKJWXMkC TLM SW LViSIL RSSHTJOKSMIJO J WLH JVLOQNSMSH6E\ #HQC ML YLROQJ RSHTJOIJOHS m[S K]H RS JWN[MLRS WLH TLKSOTUJMISH YSOISMSTUSMISH J SHIJ [ LIOJ TLKYJZQJ TQ`UTJ ILKJOJ YJOISJTIU`J RS JWN[MJ UMT[OHUXM RSW SihOTUIL J ISOOUILOUL JR`SOHJOUL\
$UPQTUW OSH[WIJ SHIJVWSTSO TLM TWJOURJR J T[]W HSNKSMIL HLTUJW _ hIMUTL YSOISMSTQJM SHILH cLKVOSH\ 0LO WL NSMSOJWC m[USMSH SMTJVS^JVJM WJ SHTJWJ RS`JWLOJTUXM STLMXKUTJ RS WLH JOISHJMLHC m[USMSH UMTW[HL J KSM[RL WLNOJVJMKS^TWJOHS SM JWN[MLH TJHLH TLM WJH TJYJH VJiJH RS WJ SWUISC SOJM WLH YWJISOLH _WLH YSWSISOLHC KSOTSR J WJ SWJVLOJTUXM RS KJM[PJTI[OJH RS JWNdM `JWLO\ %M SWLIOL SaIOSKLC HS SMTLMIOJVJM ̂ JYJISOLH _ cLiJWJISOLHC m[USMSH TLM SKLW[KSMILHQM!KLH ML HS RUPSOSMTUJVJM RSKJHUJRL RS WJH YSOHLMJH TLK[MSH _ TLOOUSMISHRSW VJiL Y[SVWL67\ -LRLC TWJOL SHI]C RSYSMRQJ RS TJRJ HUI[JTUXM SM YJOIUT[WJO_ RS WJ KJ_LO L KSMLO RSRUTJTUXM _ H[SOIS SM SW O[VOL SWSNURL YJOJ TLMHSN[UO
SW H[HISMIL\ %M SW ISKJ RS SHI[RUL RS WJ YOSHSMIS KLMLNOJPQJC YLROQJ SHIJVWS:TSOHSC KSOTSR J H[H LT[YJTULMSHC m[S SM H[ KJ_LOQJ HS IOJIJVJ RS TcUWSMLH LjJP[SOUMLHkC _ ML IJMIL RS UMRQNSMJH\ 0LO WL NSMSOJWC SOJM hHILH m[USMSH SM WJ^LMJ RS 4J rOLMISOJ IOJVJiJVJM TLKL JOISHJMLH RS RU`SOHL IUYL\ (POSTQJM H[H YOLR[TILH _ HSO`UTULH J ILRL SW K[MRLC UMTW[_SMRL SMIOS H[H TWUSMISH J K[TcLHUMRQNSMJHC m[USMSH `JWLOJVJM SHYSTUJWKSMIS WJ LOPSVOSOQJC SW IOJVJiL SM T[SOL
6< j4UHIJ MLKUMJW YLO SW LORSM RS JMIUNwSRJR RS WLH UMRU`UR[LH m[S RUTcJ TLKYJZQJ IUSMSSM SW RQJ RS WJ PSTcJC TLM RSKLHIOJTUXM RS H[H JZLH RS HSO`UTULH _ RSK]H TUOT[MHIJMTUJH m[S HSSaYOSHJM\k %M #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL RSW %ihOTUILC `LW\ ! /./\ ) g 's\
6E 0JOSMIUMUC 4[UH !JOWLH _ +SOOSOJC 0JIOUTULC j4LH JP[SOUMLH _ H[ UKYJTIL SM WJ YSMSIOJTUXMRS #OJ[TJMQJk\ %M 4SXMC 6//.C SI JW\ LY\ TUI\ YY\ D66:D6.\
67 $JUIHKJMC #MR_C j$U]WLNLH SMIOS JOISHJMLH\ &SY[VWUTJMUHKLH _ 4UVSOJWUHKL YLY[WJOSHSM !cUWS RSTUKLMXMUTLk\ %M 6/%Q.$0-JC 's D.C D77EC Y\ EE\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 15/25
!"#$%&%' )*"$$" +%,-./#.0 ="#&$,#) !>3,!#) ? 0&@!-,!#) %4%!-(%)\\\
F<
_ WLH JTTSHLOULH YJOJ KLMI[OJ SWJVLOJRLH SM KSIJWSH YOSTULHLH./\ #HQC RJRJ
SHIJ YOSRUWSTTUXM RS JWN[MLH UMRQNSMJH YLO WJH JWcJiJH _ JYSOLH RS YWJIJC ML SHSaIOJZL SMTLMIOJO SMIOS SHILH JOISHJMLH J T[JIOL YWJISOLH\
(IOL RJIL RUNML RS HSO ILKJRL SM T[SMIJ SH SW W[NJO RSHRS RLMRS YOL`SMQJMWLH SPSTIU`LH RS WJ KUWUTUJ\
"#$%# K
'()*+,-+ ./ 012+13/4-+ 5-605+ ./ 7+50)0/13( &898
>?@A(!50+;/B < 5;+B/BC
%@E+4 ./ 1+50)0/13(
4[NJO 'dKSOL 'JTUKUSMIL 6<!LMTSYTUXM E!cUWW]M ;0JOOJW F)JM !JOWLH .&SOS .-LKh 6
4LH @MNSWSH 6!J[m[SMSH 6rWLOURJ D!LMHIUI[TUXM D-JWTJ D+[JOUWUc[S D4UMJOSH D?[KVSW D+[JWm[U D"(3+; F9
r[SMIS8 #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL RSW %ihOTUIL\ `LW\ ! /./\ ) g 's
#[Mm[S WJ KJ_LOQJ RS WLH SPSTIU`LH SOJM MJI[OJWSH RS 'JTUKUSMILC K]H RSWJ KUIJR RS SWWLH MJTUX SM RU`SOHLH W[NJOSH\ %HIL YLROQJ RJO TUSOILH UMRUTULH RSKL`UWURJR NSLNO]!TJ SM WJ ^LMJC RSVURL J WJ VdHm[SRJ TLMHIJMIS RS KSiLOSHLYLOI[MURJRSH RS `URJ\ 4J HUI[JTUXM Y[RL HSO TLKdMC HUM UKYLOIJO SW L!TUL RSWLH JPSTIJRLH\ 'L IJM HLWL SM SW TJHL RS WLH KSHIU^LH _ RS WLH TcUWSMLH YLVOSHCm[USMSH ML UKYLOIJMRL WJ hYLTJ RSW JZL RSVQJM IOJHWJRJOHS J NOJMRSH RUHIJM:
TUJH RS H[H W[NJOSH RS LOUNSMC YSORUSMRL SW TLMIJTIL TLM H[ NO[YL PJKUWUJO _ SM
./ 0JOSMIUMU _ +SOOSOJC j4LH JP[SOUMLHvk\ %M 4SXM SI JW\C 6//.C LY\ TUI\ Y\ DDF\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 16/25
!"#$%&'() $% +,)-(&,# g 6//7 %HI[RULH
FE
K[TcJH LTJHULMSH HS TLMRSMJVJM JW ̀ JNJV[MRJiS TLMHIJMISC HUML IJKVUhM SMIOS
WLH IOJVJiJRLOSH SHYSTUJWU^JRLH\#HUKUHKLC WLH JZLH RS YSOKJMSMTUJ SM WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW ML SHIJVJM
OSWJTULMJRLH RS KJMSOJ RUOSTIJ TLM SW OJMNL L TLMRUTUXM STLMXKUTJ RSW YSO:HLMJW\
"#$%# 8
'()*+,-+ ./ 012+13/4-+ 5-605+ ./ 7+50)0/13( &898
>?@A(!50+;/B < 5;+B/BC
#,(B ./ B/46050(
#ZLH RS HSO`UTUL 'dKSOLD/ D7 DE 9< 6F 6.. <
6 ;D DD:D D
"(3+; F9
r[SMIS8 #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL RSW %ihOTUIL\ `LW\ ! /./\ ) g 's
!LMIOJOUJKSMIS J WL m[S Y[RUSOJ YSMHJOHSC ML SH SW HLWRJRL K]H JMIUN[L RSWJ [MURJR m[USM LT[YJ SW OJMNL K]H JWIL SMIOS WLH H[VL!TUJWSH _ TWJHSH\ %W _JKSMTULMJRL HJONSMIL Ds RS =[JORUJH 'JTULMJWSH f[JM RS $ULH #N[J_LC MJI[OJW
RS !LMTSYTUXMC RS IOSUMIJ _ HSUH JZLH RS SRJRC ISMQJ JW KSH RS KJ_L RS DEFELTcL RS HSO`UTUL SM WJ KUWUTUJ\ n[USM WWS`JVJ RUS^ JZLH HUO`USMRL SM WJ [MURJR SOJSW TLKSOTUJMIS RS T[JOSMIJ JZLH LOU[MRL RS 0JOOJWC rhWUa =JOTQJ\ 4LH ̀ SUMIUIOhHUMRU`UR[LH m[S YLHSQJM TUMTL JZLH RS HSO`UTUL SM WJ KUWUTUJ HS OSYJOIQJM SMIOSILRLH WLH NOJRLH RSW SHTJWJPXM\ )UM SKVJONLC WJ KJ_LOQJ RS WJH YSOHLMJH TLM [MJZL RS YSOKJMSMTUJ HS SMTLMIOJVJM SMIOS WLH HLWRJRLH OJHLH.D\
3UHIJH SHIJH TUPOJH RS YSOKJMSMTUJ SM WJ KUWUTUJC HS IOJIJ SM H[ KJ_LOQJ RSIOLYJH TLM ̀ JOULH JZLH SM WJH !WJH\ %HIL YLROQJ RJO T[SMIJ RS TUSOIJ SaYSOUSMTUJ
IJMIL SM SMIOSMJKUSMIL TLKL SM WJ RUHTUYWUMJ RS WLH SPSTIU`LH\ %KYSOLC SHIL
.D j4UHIJ MLKUMJW YLO SW LORSM RS JMIUNwSRJR RS WLH UMRU`UR[LH m[S RUTcJ TLKYJZQJ IUSMSSM SW RQJ RS WJ PSTcJC TLM RSKLHIOJTUXM RS H[H JZLH RS HSO`UTULH _ RSK]H TUOT[MHIJMTUJH m[S HSSaYOSHJMk\ #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL RSW %ihOTUILC `LW\ ! /./\ ) g 's\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 17/25
!"#$%&%' )*"$$" +%,-./#.0 ="#&$,#) !>3,!#) ? 0&@!-,!#) %4%!-(%)\\\
F7
RSYSMRQJ MSTSHJOUJKSMIS RS T[]M V[SMLH P[SOJM H[H UMHIO[TILOSHC IJMIL SM WJH
KJISOUJH YO]TIUTJH _ ISXOUTJHC RS WJ RUHTUYWUMJ JRm[UOURJC RS WJ TJWURJR RSW JOKJ:KSMILC RSW Sm[UYL _ H[H YSOIOSTcLH\ $S ML HSO JHQC HS IOJIJOQJ HLWL RS YSOHLMJWRS YLTJ [IUWURJRC JW HSO SKYWSJRL TLMIOJ JR`SOHJOULH TLM [MJ LONJMU^JTUXMKSRUJMJ L TLKYWSIJ\
)UN[USMRL TLM SW YSO !W RS WJ IOLYJC J TLMIUM[JTUXM HS YOSHSMIJ SW OJMNL RSSRJR RS WLH H[VL!TUJWSH _ TWJHSH RS WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW RS 'JTUKUSMIL8
"#$%# L'()*+,-+ ./ 012+13/4-+ 5-605+ ./ 7+50)0/13( &898
>?@A(!50+;/B < 5;+B/BC
M.+.
&JMNL RS SRJR 'dKSOLF; x ;/ DFD x FF /9; x F/ /9D x 9F /.; x 9/ E
.D x .F E6; x ./ 6D6D x 6F 6.D; x 6/ 9"(3+; F9
r[SMIS8 #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL RSW %ihOTUIL\ `LW\ ! /./\ ) g 's
%M H[ KJ_LOQJ HS IOJIJ RS JR[WILH SMIOS WLH `SUMIU[ML _ T[JOSMIJ JZLHCTLMTSMIO]MRLHS SM SHYSTUJW SMIOS WLH `SUMIU[ML _ IOSUMIJ JZLH\ #[Mm[S OSWJ:
IU`JKSMIS iX`SMSHC TLKL _J HS KSMTULMXC MSTSHUIJVJM RS JWN[MJ UMHIO[TTUXMOSN[WJO YJOJ SMPOSMIJO J SMSKUNLH TLM SMIOSMJKUSMIL _ SaYSOUSMTUJ\ !JHL JYJOISSH SW RSW TJVL 6s )JMIUJNL r[SMISHC ^JYJISOLC TJHJRL _ MJI[OJW RS 0JOOJWC m[STLM TUMT[SMIJ _ LTcL JZLH SOJ SW cLKVOS RS KJ_LO SRJR RS ILRJ WJ TLKYJZQJ\#RSK]HC cJTUJ DEFE TLMIJVJ TLM TUMTL JZLH RS HSO`UTUL SM WJ KUWUTUJC SH RSTUOCUMNOSHX J WJ [MURJR TLM TUMT[SMIJ _ IOSH JZLHC WL T[JW RJ TUSOILH UMRUTULH HLVOSWJ MSTSHURJR RS TLKYWSIJO WLH T[JROLH RS WJ KUWUTUJ TLM WJ KJ_LO TJMIURJR RSNSMIS YLHUVWS\
%M TLMTLORJMTUJ TLM WL JMISOULOC IOJI]MRLHS SM H[ KJ_LOQJ RS cLKVOSHJR[WILHC TSOTJ RS RLH ISOTULH RS WLH SPSTIU`LH HS SMTLMIOJVJM TJHJRLH\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 18/25
!"#$%&'() $% +,)-(&,# g 6//7 %HI[RULH
;/
"#$%# &N
'()*+,-+ ./ 012+13/4-+ 5-605+ ./ 7+50)0/13( &898
>?@A(!50+;/B < 5;+B/BC
MB3+.( 5060;
%HIJRL TU`UW 'dKSOL!JHJRLH 9D)LWISOLH 6.3U[RL D
"(3+; F9
r[SMIS8 #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL RSW %ihOTUIL\ `LW\ ! /./\ ) g 's
%HIJH TUPOJH OSHYSTIL RSW SHIJRL TU`UW RS WLH KUWUTUJMLH HSZJWJM OJHNLH RS YSOHLMJH RS TLMRUTUXM HLTUJW S UMISOSHSH RU`SOHLH\ )UM SKVJONLC J WJ W[^ RS ILRLHWLH JMISTSRSMISH cJHIJ JT] YOSHSMIJRLHC WJ NOJM KJ_LOQJ RS SWWLHC SM SHYSTUJWWLH TJHJRLHC RSVUSOLM WWS`JO [MJ SaUHISMTUJ TSMIOJRJ SM SW IOJVJiLC UMISMIJRL YOL`SSO RS WL MSTSHJOUL J H[H PJKUWUJH SM [MJ ^LMJ RS `URJ RUPQTUWC TLKL WL SOJ4J rOLMISOJ cJTUJ !MSH RS WJ RhTJRJ RS DEF/\
%W YSO !W HLTULSTLMXKUTL YLROQJ HUI[JOHS SM [M SHIOJIL KSRUL:VJiLC YLO T[JM:
IL WLH L!
TULH J WLH T[JWSH HS RSRUTJVJM YLRQJM RJO TUSOILH OhRUILH STLMXKUTLHRS JWN[MJ UKYLOIJMTUJC TLKL YLO SiSKYWLC YWJISOLH _ IJWJVJOISOLHC JWTJM^JMRL YJOJ TUSOIJH cLWN[OJH S UMRSYSMRSMTUJ\ 0SOLC SM MUMNdM TJHLC SOJM H[!TUSMISH YJOJ TLMHIUI[UOHS SM P[SMIS RS [MJ PLOI[MJ UKYLOIJMISC YLO T[JMIL HS IOJIJVJRS [M KSOTJRL KJ_LOKSMIS YLVOS _ HLVOS ILRL OSR[TURL\ 'L LVHIJMISC SOJMSWWLH m[USMSHC SM WJ KJ_LOQJ RS WLH TJHLHC LT[YJVJM WLH OJMNLH K]H JWILH RS WJKUWUTUJ WLTJWC J[Mm[S IJKVUhM HS SMTLMIOJVJMC SM [MJ JWIJ YOLYLOTUXMC SM WJH YWJ^JH RS TJVLH _ HLWRJRLH OJHLH\ 0LO H[ YJOISC NJZJMSHC KL^LH _ WJVOJRLOSHSOJM IOJVJiJRLOSH RSYSMRUSMISHC RS OSMIJ SHTJHJ _ VJiL [M OhNUKSM RS SKYWSL
YOSTJOULC JW JOVUIOUL RS YJIOLMSH _ TJYJIJTSHC HUM KJ_LOSH TSOIS^JH OSHYSTIL RSTLMHSN[UO [M IOJVJiL SHIJVWS R[OJMIS WLH .;F RQJH RSW JZL.6\ $SW KUHKL KLRLCSOJM SWWLH m[USMSH PLOKJVJM YJOIS RS WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW TJHU RS KJMSOJ Sa:TW[HU`JC LT[YJMRL WJH YWJ^JH RS HLWRJRLH OJHLHC JWTJM^JMRL J K]H RS [M T[JOILRS IJW TLMIUMNSMIS ILIJW\
$US^ JZLH K]H IJORSC SM DE;EC WJ HUI[JTUXM SM WJ ^LMJ HS cJVQJ `[SWILTLKYWSiJ\ 4LH UMRQNSMJH HS cJVQJM JW^JRL _J cJTQJ JWNdM IUSKYL _ TOSJVJM VJHIJMISH UMTLM`SMUSMISH\ #HQ WJH TLHJHC YLO RSTOSIL _ JYSWJMRL J WJ !LMHIUI[TUXM
RS DE..C SW =LVSOMJRLO RUHY[HL m[S ILRLH WLH `JOLMSH SM SHIJRL RS YLOIJO
.6 )JWJ^JOC =JVOUSWC 2"*$"N'$.0B L.'/.0 M L$'P.#"$%'0C )JMIUJNLC %RUTULMSH )[OC D7E7C YY\D;F:D<6\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 19/25
!"#$%&%' )*"$$" +%,-./#.0 ="#&$,#) !>3,!#) ? 0&@!-,!#) %4%!-(%)\\\
;D
JOKJHC HUM SaTSYTUXMC RSVQJM YOSHSMIJOHS JW ILm[S RS WWJKJRJ RS WJ VJMRJ RSW
VJIJWWXM TQ`UTL YJOJ RSPSMRSO WJ j`URJ S UMISOSHSH RS WLH cJVUIJMISHk YJOJ TLMISMSOUMT[OHULMSH RS WLH JOJ[TJMLH OSVSWRSH..\
2" .P.&&%]/ L"$P"J./#"$%" N. CDEDH .P $%#' &WQ%&'
+JTUJ WJH RUS^ RS WJ KJZJMJ RSW 6E RS ML`USKVOS RS DEF<C SM SW JIOUL RS WJ
YJOOLm[UJ RS 'JTUKUSMIL HS UMHIJWX WJ i[MIJ L KSHJ TJWU!TJRLOJ RS ̀ LIJTULMSH\)SNdM WJ WS_ TLOOSHYLMRUSMISC SOJ SW YOUKSO YOLTSRUKUSMIL RSW YOLTSHL SWST:ILOJWC m[S T[WKUMJOQJ SM KJO^L RSW JZL SMIOJMIS TLM WJ `LIJTUXM YJOJ SWSNUO JWOSYOSHSMIJMIS RS WJ ^LMJ YJOJ WJ !]KJOJ RS $UY[IJRLH _ J WLH SWSTILOSH m[SMLKVOJOQJM J WLH KUSKVOLH RSW )SMJRL RS WJ &SYdVWUTJ\ 4J i[MIJ HS TLKYLMQJRS #MROhH !JKYLHC 3SMI[OJ &[U^C &LHJ[OL $QJ^ _ #YLWUMJOUL 4JOJ TLKL `LTJ:WSH YOLYUSIJOULH\ 4LH H[YWSMISH SOJM 0SROL 4L[UHC !JOWLH (MPOJ_C f[JM RS $ULH!UR _ f[JM 3JWRhH\ %M TLMPLOKURJR TLM SW JOIQT[WL D/ RS WJ WS_ RS `LIJTULMSHC
RSVQJ RSHUNMJOHS [M HSTOSIJOULC SWSTTUXM m[S OSTJ_X YLO KJ_LOQJ RS H[POJNULHSM SW `LTJW 4JOJq TLKL RSYLHUIJOUL RS WLH OSNUHIOLH P[S HSWSTTULMJRL SW `LTJW#MROhH !JKYLH\ -SOKUMJRL SW JTILC HS WS`JMIX [M JTIJC WJ T[JW P[S !OKJRJ YLOSW YOSHURSMISC WLH `LTJWSH _ SW HSTOSIJOUL.9\
4J i[MIJ RSVQJ P[MTULMJO R[OJMIS T[JIOL cLOJH RUJOUJHC cJHIJ SW D< RS RU:TUSKVOSC JISMRUSMRL J ILRLH m[USMSH m[UHUSOJM UMHTOUVUOHS _ T[KYWUSOJM TLMWLH OSm[UHUILH MSTSHJOULH\ %W OSNUHIOL RSVQJ HSO SM LORSM JWPJVhIUTL\ #W !MJW RSTJRJ HSHUXMC ILRLH WLH KUSKVOLH RS WJ TLOYLOJTUXM RSVQJM !OKJO SW RLT[KSM:IL YJOJ S`UIJO JMLIJTULMSH POJ[R[WSMIJH.F\ -LRLH WLH UMISNOJMISH RS WJH i[MIJHTJWU!TJRLOJH _ RS OS`UHUXMC JHQ TLKL H[H YJOSH J WL WJONL RSW YJQHC cJVQJM HURLRSHUNMJRLH YLO WJ 1[MUTUYJWURJR LC SM H[ RSPSTILC WJ =LVSOMJTUXM\ 0LO WL IJMILCSHIJVJM VJiL SW TLMIOLW RS m[USMSH TLMIOLWJVJM Jm[SWWJ TLOYLOJTUXMC SH RSTUOC YJOIURJOULH RSW NLVUSOML RS I[OML\ %KYSOLC WLH OSYOSHSMIJMISH RS WJH WUHIJH RSTJMRURJILH YLRQJM YOSHSMTUJO SW YOLTSHLC WL T[JW ML S`UIX TLMIUM[JH RSM[MTUJH
.. #OTcU`L 'JTULMJW\ =LVSOMJTUXM RS 'JTUKUSMILC ̀ LW\ DFC rLiJ FE\
.9 4LH RJILH OSPSOURLH JW YOLTSHL SWSTTULMJOUL RS DEFE YOSHSMIJRL SM SHIS JYJOIJRLC YSOISMSTSMJ RUHIUMILH RLT[KSMILH SMTLMIOJRLH SM #OTcU`L 'JTULMJW\ =LVSOMJTUXM RS 'JTUKUSMILC `LW\ .\
.F #MN[UIJC &UTJORL _ n[SHMS_ 1\C 3JWSOULC 2.M.0 L$'J-PK"N"0 ./ +I%P. N.0N. CDCd I"0#"
CYdC %/&P-0%Q.B `LW\ ,C )JMIUJNLC ,KYOSMIJC WUILNOJPQJ _ SMT[JRSOMJTUXM bJOTSWLMJC D7/6C Y\../\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 20/25
!"#$%&'() $% +,)-(&,# g 6//7 %HI[RULH
;6
YLO YJOIS RS WLH KUSKVOLH RS WJ LYLHUTUXM OSHYSTIL RS PJWIJ RS UKYJOTUJWURJR
SMIOS m[USMSH OSJWU^JVJM WJ LYSOJTUXM.;\ 'L TJVS R[RJ RS m[S m[USMSH SOJM SWSNURLH YJOJ PLOKJO YJOIS RS WJ f[MIJ
RS !JWUPUTJTUXM YSOISMSTQJM JW NO[YL RS WLH K]H TLMHYUT[LH `STUMLH RS 'JTUKUSMIL\ "M SiSKYWL RS SWWL WL TLMHIUI[_S SW ̀ LTJW H[YWSMIS !JOWLH (MPOJ_CWJ KUHKJ YSOHLMJ m[S YJOIUTUYX SM WJ TLKUHUXM m[S SWJVLOX SW TSMHL RS DEF9SM 'JTUKUSMIL.<\
# TLKUSM^LH RSW KSH RS RUTUSKVOS RS DEF<C SW RQJ < YJOJ HSO SaJTILHC TLK: YJOSTUX J WJ KSHJ TJWU!TJRLOJ RS SWSTILOSH RS 'JTUKUSMIL SW TU[RJRJML 1JM[SWbJOOJN]MC TLM SW LViSIL RS UMHTOUVUOHS\ )UM SKVJONLC SW ̀ LTJW #MROhH !JKYLH cU^LMLIJO m[S bJOOJN]M ML YLRQJ JMLIJOHS SM WJ WUHIJ RS `LIJMISHC YLO T[JMIL SHIJVJKS^TWJRL SM [M YWSUIL i[RUTUJW JdM ML OSH[SWIL\ bJOOJN]M JHUMIUXC YSOL SaUNUXHS WS JY[MIJOJ RSVURL J m[S Jm[SWWL ML SOJ UKYSRUKSMIL OSJW YJOJ YSOKUIUOWSH[POJNJO\ 4[SNL RS RSVJIUO [M OJILC WLH `LTJWSH 3SMI[OJ &[U^C &LHJ[OL $QJ^ _#YLWUMJOUL 4JOJ JTSYIJOLM SW Y[MIL RS ̀ UHIJ RS bJOOJN]M _ P[S UMHTOUIL SM WJ WUHIJRS SWSTILOSHC LVISMUSMRL SW RLT[KSMIL m[S TSOIU!TJVJ IJW TLMRUTUXM\ bJOOJN]McJVQJ WLNOJRL `SMTSO _ YJOIUTUYJOQJ RS WJH SWSTTULMSH RSW JZL SMIOJMIS\
)UM SKVJONLC SW JH[MIL ML ISOKUMX JWWQ\ %W 6/ RS RUTUSKVOS HS OS[MUX WJ f[MIJ&S`UHLOJC SMIURJR m[S RSVQJ SaJKUMJO WJH TJWU!TJTULMSH OSJWU^JRJH SM WJ YOUKSOJSIJYJ RSW YOLTSHL SWSTTULMJOUL\ %W YOSHURSMIS RS SHIJ TLOYLOJTUXM SOJ SW YOUKSOH[VRSWSNJRL f[JM fLHh 1UWWJHC SW T[OJ Y]OOLTL -LK]H 1JOQJ RS WJ bJOOJC m[USMJH[KUX TLKL HSTOSIJOULC _ SW H[VRSWSNJRL UMISOUML J PJWIJ RSW YOLYUSIJOULC %[NSMUL0UMSRJ\ #MIS SWWLHC SW NLVSOMJRLO _ TLKJMRJMIS NSMSOJW RS JOKJHC 1JIQJH 4XYS^COSTWJKXC JR[TUSMRL m[S SW OSNUHIOL RS bJOOJN]M SOJ UWSNJWC UMHUHIUSMRL SM SW YWJM:ISJKUSMIL YOUKUNSMUL RSW `LTJW #MROhH !JKYLHC OSHYSTIL RS WJ UWSNJWURJR RS WJUMHTOUYTUXM RSVURL J WJ SaUHISMTUJ RS [M YWSUIL i[RUTUJW\ "M IJW 1JM[SW )SOOJMLRSTWJOX JMIS RLH ISHIUNLH m[S SW KSMTULMJRL bJOOJN]M cJVQJ SHIJRL SM WJ T]OTSW_ m[S hW cJVQJ HURL H[ !JRLO\ 0LO WL IJMILC SaYOSHX 4XYS^C bJOOJN]M RSVQJ HSO VLOOJRL RSW OSNUHIOL RS SWSTILOSH\ r[S WL m[S !MJWKSMIS LT[OOUXC Y[SH WJ i[MIJRS OS`UHUXM JTLNUX SW Y[MIL RS `UHIJ RSW =LVSOMJRLO .E\
.; 3JWSM^[SWJC D77<C LY\ TUI? YY\ 66D:666\
.< #OTcU`L 'JTULMJWC 1UMUHISOUL RSW ,MISOULOC `LW\ D66C rLiJ 67/\
.E %W JOIQT[WL D; RS WJ 4S_ RS SWSTTULMSH RSTQJ j#[Mm[S ISMNJM WLH OSm[UHUILH KSMTULMJRLHCML YLRO]M HSO TJWU!TJRLH TLKL SWSTILOSH WLH m[S YLO UKYLHUVUWURJR PQHUTJ L KLOJW ML NLTSM RSH[ OJ^XMq WLH HUO`USMISH RLKhHIUTLHq WLH RS[RLOSH RSW rUHTL TLMHIUI[URLH SM KLOJq WLH TLMRSMJ:RLH J YSMJH J"UTIU`JH L UMPJKJMISH m[S ML KJMU!SHISM RSTOSIL RS OScJVUWUIJTUXMq WLH PJWWURLH YOSHSMIJRLH TLKL IJWSH J WLH IOUV[MJWSHq WLH UMRU`UR[LH RSW TWSOL OSN[WJOq WLH HLWRJRLHC TJVLH _HJONSMILH RSW %ihOTUIL YSOKJMSMISq WLH iLOMJWSOLH _ WLH YSLMSH NJZJMSHk\ #MN[UIJ _ n[SHMS_CD7/6C LY\ TUI\ Y\ ../\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 21/25
!"#$%&%' )*"$$" +%,-./#.0 ="#&$,#) !>3,!#) ? 0&@!-,!#) %4%!-(%)\\\
;.
1SHSH RS RSHY[hHC SW 6/ RS KJO^L RS DEFEC HS OS[MUX SM HSHUXM YdVWUTJ WJ
1[MUTUYJWURJR SM SW RSHYJTcL RS WJ NLVSOMJTUXM\ #HUHIUSOLM SW NLVSOMJRLO1JIQJH 0WJ^JC WLH ̀ LTJWSH -LK]H 1JOQJ RS WJ bJOOJC SW Ds H[VRSWSNJRL RLM f[JMfLHh 1UWWJH _ SW H[YWSMIS RS WJ 6u H[VRSWSNJTUXMC RLM 1JM[SW fSHdH 4JOSMJHCJ !M RS YOLTSRSO JW MLKVOJKUSMIL RS WJ KSHJ OSTSYILOJ RS H[POJNULH m[S HSUMHIJWJOQJ SM LTcL RQJH K]HC TLM SW LViSIL RS OSTUVUO WJ ̀ LIJTUXM RS RUY[IJRLH JW!LMNOSHL 'JTULMJW _ SWSTILOSH RS HSMJRLOSH\ )S YOLTSRUX J WJ RSHUNMJTUXM RSH[H J[ILOURJRSH TLM SW HUN[USMIS OSH[WIJRL8 YOSHURSMIS _ HSTOSIJOULC f[JM fLHh1UWWJHq ̀ LTJWSH YOLYUSIJOULHC #MROhH !JKYLHC 0SROL 1LWWSOC 3SMI[OJ &[U^ _ f[JM
3JWRhHq _ YJOJ H[YWSMISHC 0SROL fL[UHC #KJRLO 1LOSUOJC )JK[SW #OOUJNJRJ _#YLWUMJOUL 4JOJ\ 4SQRJ _ JYOLVJRJ SW JTIJ TLOOSHYLMRUSMISC ISOKUMX WJ HSHUXM\
4JH SWSTTULMSH HS RSHJOOLWWJOLM TLM MLOKJWURJR\ %M WLH RQJH YOS`ULH JW JTILSWSTILOJWC WLH YSOUXRUTLH RS !LMTSYTUXM RSRUTJOLM H[H SRUILOUJWSH J SMHJW^JOJ WLH YJOIURLH _ J WLH TJMRURJILH RS H[ YOSPSOSMTUJC UMHIJMRL J WLH TU[RJRJMLHJ `LIJO YLO SWWLH\ 0LO SiSKYWLC :P +'$$.' N.P 9-$ C JRUTIL JW 0JOIURL 'JTULMJWOSYOSHSMIJMIS RS WLH UMISOSHSH L!TUJWUHIJHC RSRUTX [M YJO RS JOIQT[WLH J WLH JO:ISHJMLH RS WJ ^LMJC OSTLOR]MRLWSH H[ `QMT[WL _ TLKYOLKUHL TLM SW NLVUSOMLRS 1JM[SW 1LMIIC J YJOIUO RS H[ YSOISMSMTUJ J WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW .7\ 0LO H[ YJOISC :P 3J%K' N.P !-.*P' RUJOUL RS LYLHUTUXM m[S RSTQJ RSPSMRSO WJ WUVSOIJRRS H[POJNULC WWJKJVJ J `LIJO SM #OJ[TL _ 'JTUKUSMIL YLO 3UONUMUL )JMc[S^JTLKL RUY[IJRL YOLYUSIJOUL _ !JOWLH bSMJ`SMIS TLKL H[YWSMIS\ 0JOJ SWSTILOSHRS HSMJRLOSH YOLYLMQJ J #MQVJW 0UMILC 3SMI[OJ &[U^ _ 1JM[SW 0LKJO 9/\
rUMJWKSMISC I[`USOLM W[NJO WLH TLKUTULH SM T[JMIL IJWSH\ 4J KJ_LOQJ RS WLHH[POJNULH RS WJ KSHJ RS 'JTUKUSMIL P[SOLM YJOJ m[USM OSH[WIX SWSTIL YJOJ LT[: YJO [M SHTJZL SM WJ !]KJOJ RS $UY[IJRLH SM SW A,, !LMNOSHL 'JTULMJW YJOJ SW YSOQLRL DEFE:DE;DC rOJMTUHTL )SN[MRL 0[SWKJ9D\
'L SaUHIUSOLM JT[HJTULMSH RS UMISO`SMTUXM L UOOSN[WJOURJRSH R[OJMIS WLHTLKUTULH SM 'JTUKUSMIL\ 'L LVHIJMISC WJH c[VL YJOJ LIOJH WLTJWURJRSH RS WJ^LMJ TLKL -JWTJc[JMLC &SOS _ )JMIJ f[JMJ96\
.7 j# WLH JOISHJMLHk\ %M :P +'$$.' N.P 9-$ C B!LMTSYTUXMGC KJO^L DE RS DEFEC #ZL 3,,,\ 's 76;\ "M JOIQT[WL HUKUWJO SM SW KUHKL YSOUXRUTL P[S Y[VWUTJRL RLH RQJH K]H IJORSC SH RSTUOCSW 6/ RS KJO^L\
9/ j-OJVJiLH SWSTILOJWSHk\ %M :P 3J%K' N.P !-.*P'C B!LMTSYTUXMGC KJO^L D6 RS DEFEC #ZL,C 's D\
9D 3JWSMTUJC D7E;C LY\ TUI? -LKL ,,C Y\ 6/6\96 j4JH SWSTTULMSH SM WLH RSYJOIJKSMILHk\ %M :P 3J%K' N.P !-.*P'C B!LMTSYTUXMGC KJO^L
.DC DEFEC #ZL ,C 's 7\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 22/25
!"#$%&'() $% +,)-(&,# g 6//7 %HI[RULH
;9
k6/ J%.J*$' N. P" 5-"$N%" 4"&%'/"P .0 %K-"P " -/ Q'#"/#.l
$S WJH DD/ YSOHLMJH UMHTOUIJH YJOJ `LIJO SM WJ SWSTTUXM YJOWJKSMIJOUJ RSKJO^L RS DEFEC SiSOTUSOLM H[ RSOSTcL <6 UMRU`UR[LH\ $S WLH YOUKSOLHC WLH TJ:WU!TJRLH YJOJ H[POJNJOC HLWL T[JIOL UMRU`UR[LH YSOISMSTQJM J WLH OSNUHIOLH RS WJTLKYJZQJ RS UMPJMISOQJ TQ`UTJ RS 'JTUKUSMIL9.\ )S IOJIJ RSW HJONSMIL Ds f[JMRS $ULH #N[J_LC IJWJVJOISOLq RSW TJVL Ds fLHh )JMIJMRSOC TJOYUMISOLC RSW TJVL6s rhWUa &[U^C ^JYJISOLC _ RSW HLWRJRL 0JVWL 'J`JOOSISC TLKSOTUJMIS\ # SWWJH HSH[KJM WLH KUWUIJOSH RS YOLPSHUXM HJONSMIL KJ_LO #MROhH !JKYLHC WLH TJYUIJMSH
0SROL !JOISH _ 1JIQJH 0WJ^JC _ SW H[VISMUSMIS 1JIQJH 4XYS^\ 1]H RSIJWWSH RSSHIJH YSOHLMJH HS SMT[SMIOJM SM WJ IJVWJ YOSHSMIJRJ J TLMIUM[JTUXM\
"#$%# &&
'()*+,-+ ./ 012+13/4-+ 5-605+ ./ 7+50)0/13( &898
O1B5403(B /1 /; D/E0B34( ./ 50@.+.+1(B 5+;0!5+.(B *+4+ 6(3+4
&JMNL 'LKVOS #ZLH RS)SO`UTUL
%RJR %HIJRLTU`UW
(!TUL g%KYWSL
's RSOSNUHIOL
3LIJ SMKJO^LDEFE
)\ 1J_LO #MROhH !JKYLH99 .6 1UWUIJO 7/ )U!JYUI]M 0SROL !JOISH9F 6. 1UWUIJO .9 )U!JYUI]M 1JIQJH 0WJ^J DD 1UWUIJO <; )U)[VISMUSMIS 1JIQJH 4XYS^ 1UWUIJO <. )U)JONSMIL Ds f[JM RS $\ #N[J_L E .; !JHJRL -JWJVJOISOL D/F )U!JVL Ds fLHh )JMIJMRSO F ./ )LWISOL !JOYUMISOL 7; 'L!JVL 6s rhWUa &[U^ . 6. )LWISOL 5JYJISOL D/7 )U)LWRJRL 0JVWL 'J`JOOSIS F 6. !JHJRL !LKSOTUJMIS D/9 'L
r[SMIS8 #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL RSW %ihOTUIL\ `LW\ ! /./\ ) g 'sq #OTcU`L 'JTULMJW\ rLMRL
=LVSOMJTUXM RS 'JTUKUSMIL\ `LW\ .\ ) g 'L\ _ j$LT[KSMIL 'L\ 7k %M A.J'$%" g-. .PJ%/%0#$' N. :0#"N' ./ .P N.L"$#"J./#' N. K-.$$" L$.0./#" "P +'/K$.0' 4"&%'/"P N. CDED\
)JMIUJNLC DEFE\
9. j0WJMJ KJ_LO TLKYJZQJ !Q`UTJ RSW RSYJOIJKSMIL RS 'JTUKUSMILk\ %M #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL
RSW %ihOTUILC `LW\ ! /./\ ) g 's _ j&SNUHIOL RS WLH TU[RJRJMLH TJWU!TJRLH SM WJ YJOOLm[UJ RSMJTUKUSMILk %M #OTcU`L 'JTULMJW\ rLMRL =LVSOMJTUXM RS 'JTUKUSMILC `LW\ .\ ) g 's\
99 )UO`UX SM WJ TLKYJZQJ TQ`UTJ RS UMPJMISOQJ RS 'JTUKUSMIL J TLKUSM^LH RS DEFF\ j0WJMJKJ_LO TLKYJZQJ !Q`UTJ RSW RSYJOIJKSMIL RS 'JTUKUSMILk\ %M #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL RSW %ihOTUILC
`LW\ ! /./\ ) g 's\ 9F !JYUI]M ,MHIO[TILO\ )UO`UX SM WJ TLKYJZQJ TQ`UTJ RS UMPJMISOQJ RS 'JTUKUSMIL J TLKUSM^LH
RS DEF<\ #OTcU`L +UHIXOUTL RSW %ihOTUILC `LW\ ! /./\ ) g 's\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 23/25
!"#$%&%' )*"$$" +%,-./#.0 ="#&$,#) !>3,!#) ? 0&@!-,!#) %4%!-(%)\\\
;F
# WJ WUHIJ JMISOULO HS YLROQJM JNOSNJO LIOJH YSOHLMJHC m[S SM H[ KLKSMIL
P[SOLM YOLY[SHIJH YJOJ WWSMJO JWN[MJH `JTJMISH RS L!TUJWSH SM WLH T[SOYLH RSTJVJWWSOQJ TQ`UTJ RS 'JTUKUSMIL\ )S IOJIJ RS fLHh 1JM[SW _ &[RSHUMRL %WN[SIJ\%WWLH IJKVUhM !N[OJM TLKL TJWU!TJRLH YJOJ ̀ LIJO SM KJO^L RS DEFEC RS cSTcLSiSOTUSOLM IJW RSOSTcLC YSOL ML TLMHIJ SM WJ RLT[KSMIJTUXM TLMH[WIJRJ HU SPST:IU`JKSMIS PLOKJOLM YJOIS RS WJ KUWUTUJ\
-JW TLKL HS KSMTULMX SM WJH YOUKSOJH Y]NUMJH RS SHIJ KLMLNOJPQJC SM NS:MSOJW WJ cUHILOULNOJPQJ cJ JHSN[OJRL m[S WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJWC i[MIL TLM i[NJO SW YJYSW RS YLRSO YJOJWSWL POSMIS JW SihOTUIL OSN[WJOC HS TLM`UOIUX SM [MJ KJHJ RS
`LIJTUXM TJ[IU`J YJOJ WLH NLVUSOMLH RSW HUNWL A,A SM !cUWS\ #HUKUHKLC SHILHT[SOYLH SHIJOQJM TLMPLOKJRLH SM H[ KJ_LOQJ YLO JOISHJMLHC m[USMSH HSNdM HSRUTSC cJVOQJM HURL LVWUNJRLH YLO SW %iST[IU`L J H[POJNJO YLO WLH TJMRURJILH LWUHIJH RS H[ YOSPSOSMTUJ\ )UM SKVJONLC J WJ `UHIJ RS WLH RJILH YOSHSMIJRLHC SHIJHJ!OKJTULMSH ML HSOQJM TUSOIJH YLO TLKYWSIL\
%M YOUKSO W[NJOC WLH KUSKVOLH RS WJ TLKYJZQJ TQ`UTJ RS UMPJMISOQJ RS 'JTUKUSMIL ML HLM ILRLH JOISHJMLH\ +J_ TLKSOTUJMISHC NJZJMSHC WJMTcSOLHCHUO`USMISH _ KL^LH\ %HIL YLROQJ SaYWUTJOHSC TLKL HS KSMTULMX SM SHIJH KUHKJH
Y]NUMJHC YLOm[S HS IOJIJVJ RS [MJ ^LMJ O[OJW RLMRS OSH[WIX RUPQTUW SMTLMIOJO J YSOHLMJH TLM SHLH L!TULH\
"MJ T[SHIUXM RUPSOSMIS H[TSRUX TLM SW RSOSTcL JW `LIL\ )JVURL SH m[S WJ WS_SWSTILOJW RS DE.. HSZJWJVJ TUSOIJH TLMRUTULMSH YJOJ JTTSRSO JW H[POJNUL\ %MIOSSWWJH HS TLMIJVJ HSO KJ_LO RS `SUMIUTUMTL JZLH HU SOJ HLWISOLC L `SUMIU[ML HU SOJTJHJRL _ YLHSSO [MJ OSMIJ L VUSM UMK[SVWS RS TUSOIL J`JWdL\ #W KUHKL IUSKYLCSHIJVWSTQJ JWN[MJH OSHIOUTTULMSHC TLKL YLO SiSKYWL8 WJ UKYLHUVUWURJR PQHUTJ RSJHUHIUO JW W[NJO RS TJWU!TJTUXMC J[Mm[S HS YLRQJ SM`UJO [M OSYOSHSMIJMIS TLM[M YLRSO J[ILOU^JRL YLO SW UMHYSTILO RS H[ RUHIOUIL J YOSHSMTUJ RS RLH ISHIUNLHqm[USMSH YLO YOLVWSKJH PQHUTLH L KLOJWSH ML NL^JOSM RS OJ^XMq WLH HUO`USMISHRLKhHIUTLHq WLH RS[RLOSH RSW rUHTL KLOLHLHq WLH TLMRSMJRLH J YSMJH J"UTIU`JHL UMPJKJMISH HUM RSTOSIL RS OScJVUWUIJTUXMq WLH UMRU`UR[LH RSW TWSOL OSN[WJOqWLH HLWRJRLHC TJVLH _ HJONSMILH RSW SihOTUIL YSOKJMSMISq WLH iLOMJWSOLH _ WLH YSLMSH NJZJMSH9;\
3UHIL WL JMISOULOC SHIJVJM UMcJVUWUIJRLH RS ̀ LIJO YLO WS_ WLH HUO`USMISH RLKhH:IUTLHC iLOMJWSOLH _ NJZJMSHC m[S SM ILIJW H[KJM D7 YSOHLMJH\ #RSK]HC IJKYLTL YLROQJM H[POJNJO T[JIOL cLKVOSH KSMLOSH RS `SUMIS _ [M JZLHC m[USMSH SOJM
JOISHJMLH L TLKSOTUJMISH\ $S SHS KLRLC WLH YLHUVWSH `LIJMISH RS WJ TLKYJZQJTQ`UTJ RS UMPJMISOQJ RS 'JTUKUSMIL m[SRJVJM OSR[TURLH J 96 UMRU`UR[LH\ 'L
9; #MN[UIJ _ n[SHMS_C D7/6C LY\ TUI? `LW\ ,C Y\ ../\
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 24/25
!"#$%&'() $% +,)-(&,# g 6//7 %HI[RULH
;;
LVHIJMISC HLWL WL cJTSM T[JIOL\ #HQC TJVOQJ H[YLMSO m[S WLH .E OSHIJMISH ML T[K:
YWQJM TLM JWN[ML RS WLH OSm[UHUILH _J KSMTULMJRLH YJOJ HSO TJWU!TJRLHC YSHS J YSOISMSTSO J WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW _ J HSO SM H[ KJ_LOQJ JOISHJMLH L SiSOTSO TLKLLVOSOLH TJWU!TJRLHC IJW TLKL H[TSRS TLM WLH JWVJZUWSH !STUWUL 3UWWJM[S`J BTJVL6sGC fLHh 1JOQJ 0JOOJ _ f[JM 1[ZL^ BHLWRJRLHG\ %M SHS HSMIURLC HLOYOSMRSMISOSH[WIJOQJ m[S WLH YWJISOLHC [ML RS WLH L!TULH KSiLO OSK[MSOJRLH IJMIL SM WJ ̂ LMJTLKL SM SW OSHIL RSW YJQHC ML JWTJM^JOSM SW KQMUKL RS UMNOSHLH OSm[SOURL YJOJUMHTOUVUOHS\ -JKVUhM YLROQJ SHYST[WJOHS TLM m[S SHIJH YSOHLMJH KJMUPSHIJOJMJVUSOIJKSMIS URSJH TLMIOJOUJH J WJH RSW NLVUSOML L H[ UMISMTUXM RS ̀ LIJO YLO WLH
TJMRURJILH RS WJ LYLHUTUXM _C YLO SHJ OJ^XMC cJVhOHSWSH SaTW[URL RS WJ MXKUMJRS `LIJMISH\ )UM SKVJONLC ML SaUHISM UMRUTULH m[S J`JWSM SHJ YLHUVUWURJR\
%MILMTSHC WJ OSWJTUXM [M KUSKVOL RS WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW SH UN[JW J [M`LILC ML SOJ IJW\ # YJOIUO RS SHILC TJVS YSMHJO m[S WJ UMISO`SMTUXM SWSTILOJW RSWSiST[IU`L ML MSTSHJOUJKSMIS cJVOQJ ISMURL WJH YOLYLOTULMSH _ SW JWTJMTS m[SHS J!OKJ\ %M SW TJHL RS WJ SWSTTUXM YJOWJKSMIJOUJ RS DEFEC WWJKJ WJ JISMTUXMm[S SW %iST[IU`L ML cJ_J RSHYWSNJRL [MJ UMIOLKUHUXM SM ILRJH WJH TU[RJRSHCUMTW[_SMRL WJH YSm[SZJH TLKL 'JTUKUSMILC YLO T[JMIL HS IOJIJVJ RSW YOUKSOTLKUTUL W[SNL RS WJ j![SHIUXM RSW HJTOUHI]Mk m[S KJOTJ SW LOUNSM RS [MJ M[S`JTLJWUTUXM YLWQIUTJC WJ P[HUXM 4UVSOJW:!LMHSO`JRLOJ\ )UM SKVJONLC WJ UMIO[HUXM Y[RL HSO [MJ OSJWURJR K]H YJWYJVWS SM WJH TU[RJRSH K]H UKYLOIJMISHC RLMRSSaUHIQJM KJ_LO TJMIURJR RS JOISHJMLH SM WJH !WJH RS WJ KUWUTUJC _ YLO WL IJMILCK]H SWSTILOSH MSTSHJOULH RS HSO KL`UWU^JRLH _ LVWUNJRLH J H[POJNJO YLO WLHTJMRURJILH RSW NLVUSOML\
(IOJ SaYWUTJTUXM YLROQJ SMTLMIOJOHS SM WJ UKYLHUVUWURJR RSW %iST[IU`L YJOJRSHYWSNJO WJ UMISO`SMTUXM SM W[NJOSH JWSiJRLHC HUM WLNOJO [M TLMIOLW K]H TSOTJMLRSW YOLTSHL SWSTILOJWC _J HSJ YLO WJ PJWSMTUJ RS WJ YOSHSMTUJ SPSTIU`J RS H[H UMH:
IUI[TULMSH L VUSM RSVURL J WJ UMRLWSMTUJ RS WJH J[ILOURJRSH WLTJWSH\ %HIL dWIUKLML YJOSTS YLHUVWS SM SW TJHL SHI[RUJRLC Y[SH WJ f[MIJ !JWU!TJRLOJ RS SWSTTULMSHJTLNUX [M OSTWJKL RSW NLVSOMJRLO 1JIQJH 0WJ^J _C K]H UKYLOIJMIS J[MC HS HJVSm[S H[H KUSKVOLH SOJM RSHUNMJRLH RUOSTIJKSMIS YLO WJ 1[MUTUYJWURJR\
rUMJWKSMISC WJ SaYWUTJTUXM K]H YWJ[HUVWS JMIS WLH JMISTSRSMISH OSTLYUWJRLHSH m[S WJ SaUHISMTUJ RS WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW SM 'JTUKUSMIL SHIJVJ OSWJTULMJRJTLM WJ TOSJTUXM RS [M T[SOYL KUWUIJO RSHIUMJRL J JYL_JO WJH LYSOJTULMSH RSWSihOTUIL TcUWSML SM 4J rOLMISOJC K]H m[S J WJ KL`UWU^JTUXM SM KJHJ RS ̀ LIJMISH
YJOJ YSOKUIUO WJ SWSTTUXM RS [ML [ LIOL TJMRURJIL SM [MJ SWSTTUXM RSISOKUMJRJ\%H HUNMU!TJIU`L m[S SM [MJ TU[RJR YSm[SZJ SaUHIUSOJM JW KSMLH IOSH [MURJRSHRS KUWUTUJ RS TJVJWWSOQJ _ [MJ RS UMPJMISOQJ\ 4JH TLMRUTULMSH RS ̀ URJ UKYSOJMISHSM WJ ̂ LMJC WJ UMIOJMm[UWURJR OSUMJMIS _ SW SHIJWWURL RS ̀ JOUJH OS`[SWIJH UMRQNSMJHR[OJMIS WJ RhTJRJ RS DE;/ JY[MIJM J m[S WJ J[ILOURJR TLMTSMIOX H[H SHP[SO^LHSM SW KJMISMUKUSMIL RS WJ YJ^ _ TLMHLWURJTUXM RSW %HIJRL 'JTULMJW TcUWSML SM
7/23/2019 Guardias cívicas y prácticas electorales en el siglo XIX.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/guardias-civicas-y-practicas-electorales-en-el-siglo-xix 25/25
!"#$%&%' )*"$$" +%,-./#.0 ="#&$,#) !>3,!#) ? 0&@!-,!#) %4%!-(%)\\\
WLH ISOOUILOULH RUHY[IJRLH cJHIJ SHS KLKSMIL TLM WLH KJY[TcSHC _ ML IJMIL SM WJ
TJYIJTUXM RS WLH ̀ LILH RS [MLH YLTLH KUWUTUJMLH\ )UM SKVJONLC WJ R[RJ YSOHUHISSM T[JMIL J m[S SW %iST[IU`L YLROQJ cJVSO JYOL`STcJRL J SHLH cLKVOSHC YLO YLTLH m[S P[SOJMC YJOJ H[KJO `LILH J H[ TJ[HJ\
+'J./#"$%' ,%/"P
%W OSH[WIJRL RSW SHI[RUL RS WJ TLKYJZQJ TQ`UTJ RS UMPJMISOQJ 'JTUKUSMIL _ H[OSWJTUXM TLM WJH YO]TIUTJH S UMISO`SMTUXM SWSTILOJW J WL WJONL RSW HUNWL A,A SM!cUWSC K]H JWW] RS RSHT[VOUO H[ TLKYLHUTUXM _ m[S ML ILRJH WJH KUWUTUJH P[SOLMKL`UWU^JRJH YJOJ TJYIJO _ RUOUNUO WLH ̀ LILH RS WLH TU[RJRJMLHC H[NUSOS WJ MSTSHU:RJR RS OSJWU^JO K]H IOJVJiLH RS SHIJ QMRLWS YJOJ TLKYOLVJO HU WJH J!OKJTULMSHRS WJ cUHILOULNOJPQJ JW OSHYSTIL HLM IJM JTSOIJRJH L ML\
4JKSMIJVWSKSMISC SM SW TJHL RS 'JTUKUSMIL ML HS HJVS m[h LT[OOUX TLMWJH [MURJRSH RS TJVJWWSOQJ TQ`UTJ\ 'L SH YLHUVWS RSHTJOIJO m[S SM SWWJ c[VUSOJ
K]H JOISHJMLH _ K]H SWSTILOSH\ %KYSOLC SW cSTcL RS m[S HLWL IOSH JOISHJMLH RS[M [MU`SOHL RS IOSUMIJ JTTSRUSOJM JW `LILC SH H[!TUSMIS YJOJ YWJMISJO [MJ R[RJOJ^LMJVWSC _C YLO WL IJMILC [MJ UMISOSHJMIS WQMSJ RS UM`SHIUNJTUXMC OSHYSTIL RS WJ YJOIUTUYJTUXM SPSTIU`J RS SHILH T[SOYLH SM WJH SWSTTULMSHC IJMIL SM WJH TU[RJRSHNOJMRSH TLKL SM WJH YSm[SZJH\ %HILH IOJVJiLH YLROQJM SMPLTJOHS SM SHI[RULHRS IUYL TLKYJOJIU`L SMIOS KUWUTUJH RS ^LMJH RUHIUMIJHC L VUSM SW UMISMIL RS [MJOSTLMHIO[TTUXM NSMSOJW _C YLO SWWLC RS WJONL JWUSMILC OSHYSTIL J WJ TLMHIUI[TUXMSPSTIU`J RS SHJH [MURJRSH\ #HQC IJMIL WLH ISKJH RS WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJWC RSWJOISHJMJRL TcUWSML TLKL RS WJH SWSTTULMSH RSW HUNWL A,AC Y[SRSM SMTLMIOJOM[S`JH YSOHYSTIU`JHC P[SMISH S UMISOYOSIJTULMSH\
%H YLHUVWS m[S SW TJHL SHI[RUJRL SM SHIJ LYLOI[MURJR TLMHIUI[_J WJ SaTSY:TUXM m[S TLM!OKJ WJ OSNWJC OSHYSTIL RS [M KJMSiL JVUSOIL S UMRUHT[IUVWS YLO YJOIS RSW YLRSO SiST[IU`L HLVOS WJ =[JORUJ 'JTULMJW\ )UM SKVJONLC HS OSm[USOST[JMIU!TJO SM WLH RLT[KSMILHC SM WJH MXKUMJH RS KUWUTUJHC SM WLH OSNUHIOLH RSTJWU!TJRLHC K]H m[S SM WJH RSTWJOJTULMSH RS YLWQIUTLH L WJ YOSMHJC K[TcJH ̀ STSHOSYOSHSMIJMISH RS [M NO[YL RS UMISOhH\
4J JYJOUTUXM _ YOLNOSHU`J KJHU!
TJTUXM RSW H[POJNUL H[YLMS [M JHYSTILRS YOUKSOJ UKYLOIJMTUJ YJOJ SW RSHJOOLWWL RSW URSJOUL WUVSOJW RSTUKLMXMUTL\!LMLTSO TXKL WLH NLVUSOMLH TcUWSMLH RSW HUNWL A,A UMISMIJOLM TJMJWU^JO _JYOL`STcJO SM H[ VSMS!TUL J WLH ̀ LIJMISH TLMHIUI[_S [M UKYLOIJMIS RSHJPQL YJOJWLH SHI[RULHLH RS WJ cUHILOUJ\