Gyan Sagar 6

8/18/2019 Gyan Sagar 6

1/17

Kku lkxj (d{kk&NBh)

iz dk'ku foHkkx Mh-,-oh- dkWyst izcaèkd=khZ lfefr

fp=kxq Ir ekxZ] u;h fnYyh&110055


2/17

fo"k;&lwph Øe la [;k ikB jpukdkj i` "B la [;k

1- lkFkh gkFk c


3/17


4/17

2

vH;kl

dfork es a ls

1- esgur djus okys euq ";ks a os Q feydj dne c


5/17

3

Hkk"kk dh ckr

1- ^fey*+ ^dj* tksM+us ls ^feydj* 'kCn cuk gSA vc vki Hkh rhu 'kCnks a esa ^dj* tksM+

u, 'kCn cukb,µ(d) ---------------------------------------+ dj = ---------------------------------------

([k) ---------------------------------------+ dj = ---------------------------------------

(x) ---------------------------------------+ dj = ---------------------------------------

2- ^gkFkks a osQ rks rs mM+uk*µgkFk ls lacaf/r eqgkojk gSA vc vki ^gkFk* ij rhu eq gkojs


6/17

4

lq cg os Q nl ct jgs FksA eq >s Mkd ls ,d fpV~ Bh feyhA eS a fyi + Qki + Qk [kks ydj fpV~ Bh i


7/17

5

iwjs cRrhl is t dk lkIrkfgd v[+ kckj FkkA 'kq: ls ys dj var rd xk¡o dh gh ckrsa Nih FkhaA c lq anj s idM+dj ân; ls yxk fy;k vkS j dgk] ̂ ^vjs 'kekZ th] vki! {kek dhft,xkA**

'kCnkFkZ% fu;rµ fuf'pr


8/17

6

eS a oqQN dguk gh pkgrk Fkk fd esjh n` f"V muosQ gkFkksa ij iM+hA mudk ,d gh gkFkA nk;k¡ gkF oaQèks rd dVk gqvk FkkA eS a vk'p;Z pfdr gks dj mudh rji + Q ns[kus yxkA os cM+ s [kq 'k Fks] cM+ s LoLFk FksA ,d {k.k es a gh esjs efLr"d esa vus d ç'u dkS aèkus yxsµ^^D;k og fy[kkoV blh vkneh dh Fkh\ D;k ;g ck,¡ lq anj v{kj fy[krk gS\**

eS a efgiky flag dh vks j VdVdh yxk, ns[krk jgkA rc efgiky flag us iwNk] ̂ ^D;k ns gS a\ D;k ;g fd vkidks fpV~ fB;k¡ Hks tus okyk efgiky ,d gkFk dk vkneh gSA vjs HkkbZ ] ;g thou gSA thou es a D;k gks ldrk gS] dksbZ oqQN ugha tkurkA**

^^vki rks es js eu dh ckr Hkk¡i x,A eS a lpeq p ;gh lksp jgk Fkk fd D;k vkneh ck,¡ gkFk ls Hkh bru nj v{kj fy[k ldrk gS\**

efgiky flag us tokc fn;k] ̂ ^'kekZ th] nk,¡&ck,¡ es a oqQN i + QoZ Q ugha gks rkA tks xq.k nk,¡ gkFk esa gks rk gS og ck,¡ gkFk es a Hkh gksrk gSA ;g rks O;fDr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd og fdl gkFk ls dke djrk gSA**

gkFk&eq¡ g èkksus osQ ckn tc eSa efgiky fla g osQ lkFk pk; ihus yxk] rks eS aus muls iwNk] ̂ ^BkoqQj lk ck,¡ gkFk ls dc ls fy[k jgs gS a\**

efgiky flag fopkjks a esa Mw c x,A oqQN ns j rd lksprs jgs] fiQj cksys] ̂ ^bl o"kZ esjh mez ipiu dh gSA eSa pkyhl o"kZ dh mez rd i + QkS t es a FkkA fu'kkuk ekjus esa cM+ k rs ”k FkkA ck,¡ vkS j nk,¡ µnksuksa gkFkks a ls lVhd fu'kku ekjrk FkkA**

'kCnkFkZ% lVhdµ Bhd&Bkd] tSlk pkfg, oS lk


9/17

7

^^la ;ksx dh ckr Fkh fd eq>s ,d eks pZ s ij tkuk iM+kA ,d fnu tc 'k=kq dks viuh xksfy;ks a dk fu'kkuk jgk Fkk rks ikl gh ,d ce iQVk vkS j es jk nkfguk gkFk daèks rd mM+ x;kA eS a fxj iM+ kA eq >s vLirky ys tk; x;kA eghuksa vLirky esa iM+ k jgkA tc vPNk gqvk rks ljdkj us eq>s is a'ku ns dj lsok ls eqDr dj fn;kA ljdk us eq> ls iw Nk] ^^ls ok ls eqDr gksus ij eSa dkS u&lk dke d:¡xk\**

eS aus mRrj fn;k] ̂ ^eSa igys oqQN i


10/17

8

vH;kl

ikB esa ls

1- efgiky flag n~ okjk Nkis x, lkIrkfgd lekpkj&i=k es a D;k&D;k Nirk Fkk\2- efgiky flag us ys [kd dks vius ?kj vkus dk fuea=k.k D;ksa fn;k\3- efgiky fla g ls feyus osQ ckn ys[kd os Q efLr"d esa dkS u&ls iz 'u dkSa /us yxs\4- efgiky fla g us ck,¡ gkFk ls fy[kus dk vH;kl fdl iz dkj fd;k\5- mfpr mRrj ij lgh ( ) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ

(d) vf[kys'k 'kekZ th dks feyh fpV~Bh es a mUgsa v[+kckj osQ fy, D;k fy[kdj Hkstus dks dgk x;k Fkk\

thouh dfork dgkuh la Lej.k ([k) fpV~ Bh osQ uhps fdlosQ gLrk{kj Fks\

ys [kd funsZ 'kd laiknd dfo 6- ikB osQ vk/kj ij uhps oq QN dFku fn, x, gSa A lgh dFkuks a osQ lkeus lgh () dk fu'kku

vkSj xyr dFkuks a os Q lkeus xyr (× ) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ(d) efgiky flag pkyhl o"kZ dh mez rd i + QkSt esa FksA

([k) ,d cl nq ?kZVuk es a mUgksaus viuk gkFk [kks fn;kA(x ) efgiky fla g nS fud v[ + kckj osQ laiknd FksA(?k) efgiky flag dh fy[kkoV cgq r laqnj FkhA(Ä) efgiky fla g us vius dk;kZy; es a vf[kys 'k 'kekZ

dks cq yk;k FkkA

ckrphr osQ fy,

1- fpV~ Bh Hkstus vkSj iz kIr djus osQ dkS u&dkSu ls rjhosQ gS a\2- vki fpV~Bh Hks tus osQ fy, fdl rjhos Q dk bLrseky djrs gS a\ ml rjhosQ dh izfØ;k le>3- vki dkS u&lk lekpkj&i=k i


11/17

9

vuq eku vkSj dYiuk

1- ;fn efgiky fla g viuk nk;k¡ gkFk [kksus os Q ckn fujk'k gks tkrs rks D;k gks rk\2- ;fn fy[kkoV lqa nj u gks rks mlosQ D;k&D;k ifj.kke gks ldrs gS\3- ^fpV~Bh osQ v{kj* dgkuh osQ fy, dksbZ vkS j 'kh"kZ d crkb,A

Hkk"kk dh ckr

1- uhps fn, x, okD;ksa dks lgh mrkj&p


12/17

10

oqQN djus osQ fy,

1- nS fud fganh lekpkj&i=kksa osQ uke fyf[k,µ-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2- fdUgha rhu fganh lekpkj&pSuyks a osQ uke fyf[k,µ-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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3- iqjkuh fga nh v[ + kckjksa esa ls viuh ilan os Q fo"k;] tS lsµfoKkiu] [ks y&lekpkj] euksja tu] dfork] flusevkfn os Q ckjs esa tkudkjh bdV~ Bk djosQ mUgsa Loz SQi cqd esa fpidkb,A d{kk esa vius nksLr dks bl

tkudkjh osQ ckjs esa crkb,A


13/17

11

vkdk'k cknyksa ls Vos Q ls mNydj Åij pyh tkrh gSaA Åij dh gok cgqr BaMh gks rh gSA ;s cw¡ns a ogha tedj vks ys dk :i èkkj.k dj ys rh gS aA blh çdkj g osQ >ks aosQ bUgsa vkS j Åij mNky ns rs gSa A bu vksyks a osQ Åij ci + ZQ dh vkS j ijrs a te tkrh gS aA oq QN Hkkjh gks us ij ;s

cjlrs ty osQ :i vusd

'kCnkFkZ% fon~;ekuµ mifLFkr


14/17

12

vksys uhps dh vks j fxjus yxrs gS aA** ̂ ôkg! nknkth] eq>s rks ;g ekywe gh ugha FkkA** lHkh cPp 'k gq ,A nknkth us cPpksa ls iw Nk] ^^D;k rq eus ̂ ikyk* iM+rk ns [kk gS\** ̂ îkyk!** lHkh cPps ,d lkFk cks ysA nknkth dgk] ^^ljfn;ksa es a rqeus ns[kk gksxk fd [ksrksa esa lqcg&lqcg ci + Z Q dh ,d pknj&lh fn[kkbZ ns rh gSA ;gh ̂ iky gSA tc Ba M vfèkd iM+ us yxrh gS rc gok es a ekS tw n Hkki te tkrh gS vkSj ci + Z Q dh pknj os Q :i es a fn[kkbZ i gSA** ̂ ôkg! nknkth] ;g Hkh ty dk gh ,d :i gSA** nknkth us le>k;k fd ty thou rks gS gh blosQHkh vus d gSa A brus es a veu nknkth osQ fy, pk; ys vk;k vkS j nksLrks a os Q fy, xjek&xje idkSM+sA

pkjks a cPps [kq 'k Fks D;ksa fd nknkth osQ ikl muosQ cgqr&ls lokyks a osQ tokc FksA ijehr us dgk] ̂ ^nknk igkM+ks a ij tks ci + ZQ fxjrh gS mlos Q ckjs es a Hkh oqQN crkb,A** nknkth ;g lqudj eqloqQjk dgk] ^îjehr! igkM+ Å¡pkbZ ij gksrs gSa u] lks ogk¡ Ba M Hkh vfèkd iM+ rh gSA 'khr ½rq es a vkS j vfèkd BaM osQ d

ogk¡ osQ ok;q ea My es a Hkki ci + ZQ osQ :i esa cny tkrh gSA ;gh ci + Z Q tc igkM+ksa ij cjlrh gS rks bls ^fgeikr* dgrs gS aA** vc vksys iM+uk can gks x;k FkkA gYdh iq Qgkjsa &lh iM+ jgh Fkha A cPps ,sls lqgkous ekS le es a e”ks ls idkS M+s [kk jgs Fks vkSj cw anksa dh rky os Q la x mudk eu&e;wj ukp jgk FkkA

µf'ko'ka dj


15/17

13

vH;kl

ikB esa ls

1- nknkth us gkFk fgykrs gq, cPpksa dks okil vkus dk la os Qr D;ks a fn;k\2- nknkth us ckfj'k dk vkua n oS Qls fy;k\3- ^ikyk* D;k gks rk gS\4- fgeikr dgk¡ vkSj dc gksrk gS\5- uhps oqQN dFku fn, x, gS aA ikB os Q vk/kj ij fyf[k, fd ;s dFku fdlus dgs vkSj fdlls dgsµ

dFku fdlus dgk fdlls dgk (d) ns [kks! nknkth cq yk jgs gSa A ------------------------------------ --------

([k) vkt cgqr fnu ckn vks ys IkM+s gS aA ------------------------------------ --------(x) ;s vksys D;k gks rs gS sa\ ------------------------------------ --------

6- ikB os Q vk/kj ij uhps fn, x, fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,µ(d) cPpks! pyksA---------------------------- iM+ jgs gS aA([k) brus esa jk?ko os Q xky ij oq QN---------------------------- ls fxjkA(x) oq QN gh nsj es a ckny Hkh---------------------------- yxsA(?k) gYdh----------------------------&Lkh iM+ jgh Fkha A

ckrphr osQ fy,

1- vkidks dkSu&lk [ksy ilan gS\ bl [ksy dks vki fdlos Q@fduos Q lkFk [ksyuk ila n djs axs\2- vkidks lcls vPNk ekS le dkS u&lk yxrk gS vkSj D;ksa \3- cjlkr gks us ij vki D;k&D;k djrs gSa \4- vks yksa os Q cuus vkS j fxjus osQ ckjs es a nknkth us D;k crk;k\

vuq eku vkSj dYiuk

1- vxj vki igkM+ksa ij ?kweus x, gS a vkS j vpkud fgeikr gks tkrk gS rks D;k gksxk\2- o"kkZ u gks us ij D;k gks xk\


16/17

14

Hkk"kk dh ckr

1- ikB esa vk, ̂ ”kksj* rFkk ^ci + ZQ* 'kCnksa esa uqDrs okys v{kj ^”k* vkS j ^i + Q* dk iz;ksx gq vk gSvc vki viuh vksj ls budk iz ;ksx djos Q pkj&pkj 'kCn fyf[k,µ

”k µ-------------------------------- -------------------------------- ----------

i + Q µ -------------------------------- -------------------------------- ----------

2- nknkth us p'ek mrkjk vkSj os ckgj cjkens esa vkjke oqQlhZ ij cSB x,A bl okD; e ^os* loZ uke ^nknkth* laKk osQ fy, vk;k gSA vc vki ikB es a ls dks bZ pkj loZuke 'kCn Nk fyf[k,µ(d) ------------------------------------------------(x) ---------------------------------------------

([k)------------------------------------------------

(?k)---------------------------------------------

3- oqQN fnuksa ls ckny Nk, gq , gS aA exj ckfj'k ugha gks jgh gSA bl fo"k; ij fp=kk vkS j ekulh osQ chp gksus okyh ckrphr dh dYiuk dhft, vkSj mUga s laokn os Q :i es a fyf[k,µ fp=kk µ ekulh! yxrk gS] vkt ckfj'k ”k:j gksxhA ekulh µ eq>s rks ,s lk ugha yxrkA fp=kk µ D;ksa \ ekulh µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------

fp=kk µ----------------------------------------------------------------------

ekulh µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------

fp=kk µ----------------------------------------------------------------------

ekulh µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------

thou ewY;

nknkth us le>k;k fd ty gh thou gS vkS j mlos Q oqQN :iks a osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh Hk1- D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd ty gh thou gS\ D;ksa \2- gesa ty dk la j{k.k oSQls djuk pkfg,\


17/17

15

oqQN djus osQ fy,

1- rhu fnuksa dk fnYyh dk lcls vf/d vkSj lcls de rkieku dk C;kSjk fyf[k,µ fnukad lcls vf/d rkieku lcls de rkieku

2- Ng ½rq vksa dh lwph rS ;kj dhft,µ

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3- fdlh ,d ½rq ij Ng&vkB iafDr;ks a dh Lojfpr dfork Hkh fyf[k,µ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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4- ty la j{k.k ij ,d Lyks xu cukdj d{kk es a yxkb,A

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Gyan Sagar 6