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Rajeev
Indraj
ith
wï,hla hkq l=ula o@
m%n, wï,
ÿn, wï,
idkaø wï, yd ;kql wï, (Concentrated acids & Dilute acids)
wï,hla hkak ú.%ylsÍug w;S;fha isg úúO l%u Ndú; úh bka nyq,j Ndú; jkafka keu;s úoH{hd úiska bÈßm;a l, woyihs
c,Sh ødjKhl§ whkslrKh ù tlu Ok whkh f,i yhssârcka whk uqodyßk ridhksl ixfhda. wï, fõ
+Wod(- yhsâfrdalaf,daßla wï,h c,Sh ødjKhl § my; ±lafjk wldrhg whkSlrKh ù H whkuqodyÍ
-HCl + Cl(aq) (aq) (aq)
+ H whk uqod yeÍfï m%N,;dj u; wï, m%n, wï, yd ÿn, wï, f,i j¾. lr we;
+ c,Sh ødjKhl § mQ¾K jYfhka whkSlrKh ù H whk uqodyßk wï, m%n, wï, f,i yy÷kajhs
+ -Wod(- HCl H + Cl(aq) (aq) (aq)
H SO 2 4 (aq)
HNO 3 (aq)
+m%n, wï, ødjKhl ksoyia wKq fkdmj;S H whk yd wod, wekdhk we;
+ c,Sh ødjKhl § w¾O jYfhka whkSlrKh ù H whk uqodyßk wï, ÿ%n, wï, f,i yy÷kajhs
Wod(- weisála wï,h (CH COOH)3
ldfndksla wï,h(H CO )2 3
fmdiafmdßla wï,h(H PO )3 4
ÿn, wï,hl c,Sh ødjKhl § ú>gkh fkdjQ wKq tf,iu mj;s
;kql lsrSfï § lsisÿ úgl wï,hg wdi%e; c,h tl;= lsßfuka j<lskak wdi%e; c,hg wï,h tlalrkak
wdySkshia
+H
Science - 01- Rajeewa Indrajith(B.Sc)
Rajeev
Indraj
ith
wï, j, .=K
01 ,S f,day yd frÈ jeks øjH j, ;ejreK úg úLdokhg ,la lrkw;r ifï ;ejreK úg ;o n, ms<siaiSï we;s lrhs
02 ,dCIKsl wUq,a rihlska hqla; fõ
03 c,Sh ødjK úÿ,sh ikakhkh lrhs
04 ks,a ,sÜuia r;= meyehg yrjhs
05 pH w.h 0 ;a 7 ;a w;r fõ
+06 c,Sh øjK j,§ whkslrKh ù H whk uqod yÍ
01 ;kql wï, iuÕ ilS%h;d fY%aKSfha yhsârcka j,g jvd by<ska we;s uQ, øjH m%;sl%shd lrf,dayfha ,jKh idok w;r yhsârcka jdhqj msglrhs
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl (aq) + H (g)2 2
Al(s) + HCl(aq)
Mg(s) + H SO (aq)2 4
K(s) + HNO (aq)3
02 wï, Niau iu. m%;sl%shd lr wod, ,jKh iy c,h idohs
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H O (l)2
H SO (aq) + NaOH(aq)2 4
03 wï, ldnfkag yd nhsldnfkag iuÕ m%;sl%shd lr ldnkavfhdlaihsâ jdhqj msg lrhs
CaCO (s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl (aq) + CO (g) + H O(l)3 2 2 2
yhsâfrdalaf,daßla wï,h
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
i,a*shqßla wï,h
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
fN!;sl .=K
ridhksl .=K
wï, lsysmhl Ndú; wjia:d
Science - 02- Rajeewa Indrajith(B.Sc)
Rajeev
Indraj
ith
Science - 03- Rajeewa Indrajith(B.Sc)
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
weisála wï,h ^t;fkdhsla wï,h&
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
khsÜßla wï,h
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
c,Sh ødjKhl§ whkSlrKh ù tlu wekdhkh f,i whk uqodyßk ridhkslixfhda. Niau f,i y÷kajhs
+ -NaOH(aq) Na (aq) + OH (aq)
- c,Sh ødjKhl§ mQ¾K f,i whkslrKh ù OH whk uqod yßk Niau m%n, Niau f,iy÷kajhs
Wod(-+ -
NaOH(aq) Na (aq) + OH (aq)
KOH(aq)
- c,Sh ødjKhl§ w¾O jYfhka whkSlrKh ù OH whk uqodyßk Niau ÿn, Niau f,iy÷kajhs
Wod(-wefudakshd ødjKh - NH OH(aq)4
+ -NH OH(aq) NH (aq) + OH (aq)4 4
wefudakshd ødjKhla ;=, ú>gkh fkdjq wKq mj;S
Niau (Base)
m%n, Niau
ÿn, Niau
-OH
Rajeev
Indraj
ith
laIdr
fN!;sl .=K
ridhksl .=K
Niau lsysmhl Ndú; wjia:d
c,fha øjH jk Niau laIdr f,i y÷kajhs
Wod(- fidaähï yhsfv%dlaihsâ ^ &
fmdgEishï yhsfv%dlaihsâ ^ &
wefudakshï yhsfv%dlaihsâ ^ &
Niau j, .=K
01 inka fuka ,siaik iqt iajNdjhla we;
02 ,dCIKsl ;s;a; rila we;
03 laIdr j, c,Sh ødjK úÿ,sh ikakhkh lrhs
- 04 laIdr c,Sh ødjK j,§ OH whk msglrhs
05 r;= ,sÜuia ks,a meyehg yrjhs
06 pH w.h 7 isg 14 olajd fõ
01 Niau wï, iuÕ m%;sl%shd lr ,jKh iy c,h idohs
KOH(aq) + HNO (aq)3
02 Al , Sn ,Zn jeks f,day Niau iuÕ fukau wï, iu. o m%;sl%shd lrhs
wf,day Tlaihsv c,fha Èh ùfuka wdï,sl ødjK o f,day Tlaihsv c,fha Èh ùfukaNdiañl ødjK o idohs
Wod(-
01 fidaähï yhsfv%laihsâ
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
02 ue.akSishï yhsfv%dlaihsâ
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
NaOH(aq) + H SO (aq) Na SO (aq) + H O(l)2 4 2 4 2
Science - 04- Rajeewa Indrajith(B.Sc)
laIdr
Niau
Rajeev
Indraj
ith
l%shdldrlu
fuys ±lafjk c,Sh ødjK j,g tla tla o¾Ylh tl;= lr ksÍCIKh my; j.=fõ igyka lrkak
;kql yhsâfrdalaf,daßla wï,h
foys hqI
;kql i,a*shqßla wï,h
úkdlsß
;kql fidaähï yhsâfrdalaihsâ ødjKh
inka Èhr
wï, Niau y÷kd .ekSu i|yd Ndú; lrk øjH wï, Niau o¾Ylf,i y÷kajhs tla tla udOh ;=, § tajd fmkajk j¾Kh wkqj wï, Niau o¾Yl y÷kd.ekSu isÿ lrhs iq,nj Ndú; jk wï, Niau o¾Yl lsysmhla yd tajd tla tla udOh ;=,§fmkajk j¾Kh my; ±lafõ
o¾Ylh wdï,sl j¾Kh WodiSk j¾Kh Ndiañl j¾Kh
,sÜuia r;= oï ks,a
msfkdama;e,Ska wj¾K wj¾K frdai
fu;s,a Tf¾kaÊ r;= ;eô,s ly
by; i|yka wï, Niau o¾Yl u.ska wdï,sl Ndiañl nj y÷kd.; yels jqj o wï,fha fydaNiaufha m%n,;dj m%ldYl, fkdyel kuq;a pH mßudKh u.ska wdï,sl Ndiañl nj muKla fkdj wï,fha yd Niaufha m%n;dj mjd o< jYfhka m%ldY l< yelsh
ødjKhl wdï,sl fyda Ndiañl nj m%ldY lsÍug Ndú; fõ 0 isg 14 olajdÈfjk mßudKhlg wkqj fuh ilia lr we;
fndfyda úg ,d ly meye;s lvodis f,i úoHd.dr j,g imhd we;
0 ;a 7 w;r mßudKh wï, i|yd jk w;r 7 ;a 14 w;r Niau i|ydh
ixY=oaO c,h,iSkS,.a¨fldaia,¨Kq,uOHidr jeks WodiSk ifhda. j, pH w.h 7ls
m%n, wï, j, pH w.h 0 - 1 jkj w;r m%n, Niau j, pH w.h 13-14 fõ
o¾Yl Ndú;fhka wï, Niau y÷kd .ekSu
ødjKh ,sÜuia r;=$ks,a fu;s,a Tf¾kaÊ msfkdma;e,Ska
wï, Niau o¾Yl
pH mßudKh
Science - 05- Rajeewa Indrajith(B.Sc)
ks,a r;= r;= wj¾K
Rajeev
Indraj
ith
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
pH lvodis wod, ødjKh ;=, .s,a jq úg ,efnk j¾Kh imhd we;s iïu; j¾K we;=,;alvodis ;Srej iuÕ iei£fuka j¾Khg wod, pH w.h lshjd .kq ,efí tu.ska wdï,slNdiañl fyda WodiSk nj y÷kd .; yels w;r wï,fha fyda Niaufha m%n,;dj ms<sn|j owjfndaOhla ,nd .; yel
y÷kajhs wm tÈfkod Ôú;fha nyq,j Ndú; lrk ¨Kq ,jKhls tfuka mdpkh jeks ;;ajj,§ frda.Skag ,ndfok fia,hska ødjKh ;=,o ,jK wka;¾.; fõ
ksoiqka (-
yhsfv%dalaf,daßla wï,h ue.akSishï Tlaihsâ iu. m%;sl%shd lr ..................... ............................. idohs
m%;sl%shdlrk wï,fha fyda Niaufha m%n,;dj u; iEfok ,jKh wdï,sl Ndiañlfyda WodiSk úh yelsh m%n, wï, yd m%n, Niau m%;sl%shd lsÍu u.ska iEfok ,jK WodiSkúh yel
ksoiqk(- 1 HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) + H O (l)2
ksoiqk(- 2 H SO (aq) + KOH(aq)2 4
,jK
wï,hla Niauhla iu. m%;sl%shd lsÍfuka iEfok whksl ixfhda.h ,jKhla f,i
NaCl(aq)WodiSk ,jKh
Science - 06- Rajeewa Indrajith(B.Sc)
SJC
01 reêr ixirKh hkq l=ula o@
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
02 reêrh Tiafia ixrKh jk øjHh fudkjdo@
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
03 újD; reêr ixirK moaO;shla yd ixjD; reêr ixirK moaO;shla hkaky÷kajkak---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
04 oaú;aj reêr ixirKh hkq l=ulao@
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
05 oaú;aj reêr ixirKhla mej;Sfï jdish l=ula o@
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
06 udkj reêr ixirK moaO;shg wh;a fldgia kï lrkak
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
udkj reêr ixirK moaO;sh
09
R.I.
SJC
07 reêr kd, iïnkaO my; j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak
Ouks kd, Ysrd kd, reêr flaYkd,sld
08 udkj yDofha msysàu i|yka lrkak
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
09 my; ±lafjkafka udkj yDohl isria lvls tys fldgia kï lrkak
a ---------------------------------
b ----------------------------------
c ----------------------------------
d ---------------------------------
e ---------------------------------
f ---------------------------------
g ----- ------------------------------ h ------------------------------------------------
I ------------------------------------ j -------------------------------------------------
k ----------------------------------- l -------------------------------------------------
10
a
b
c
de
f
g
h
I
j
kl
m
n
o
pq
q
r
st
R.I.
SJC
m ---------------------------------- n -------------------------------------------------
o ----------------------------------- p -------------------------------------------------
10 yDoh ;=,g reêrh f.k tk m%Odk jdysks 2 ,shkak
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 yDofhka bj;g reêrh f.k hk m%Odk jdyskS 2 ,shkak
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12 mQ¾j uyd Ysrdfõ ld¾hh l=ulao @
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 wmr uyd Ysrdfõ ld¾hh l=ulaao @
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14 oaú ;=Kav yd ;%S ;=Kav lmdg j, ld¾hh l=ula o@
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15 wv i| lmdg j, ld¾hh l=ula o@
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16 l¾Ksld ì;a;s j,g jvd fldaIsld ì;a;s >klñka jeä wehs @
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17 ol=Kq l¾Ksldfõ ì;a;shg jvd jï l¾ksldfõ ì;a;s >klï wehs @
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18 ysig reêrh imhk m%Odk jdysksh l=ulao@
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19 ol=Kq yd jï ndyq j,g reêrh imhk m%Odk jdysks ,shkak
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20 yD;a rÊcq j, ld¾hh l=ulao@
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21 yDo ì;a;sfha fmaYS j,g reêrh imhk jdysksh l=ulao@
11
R.I.
SJC
22 yD;a pl%hla hkq l=ulao @
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23 yD;a pl%fha wjia:d 3 kï lrkak
---------------------------- -------------------------- -----------------------------------
24 yDo iamkaokh hkq l=ulao@
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25 yDoh l%shd;aul ùfï§ ffjoHjre fjo k,dj wOdrfhka Y%jKh lrk Yío 2y÷kajkak
,í Yíoh --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vma Yíoh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26 by; Yío widudkH ;;ajhla we;s ku ffjoHjre bka ks.ukh lrkafka l=ulao @
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27 ksfrda.S mqoa.,fhl=f.a reêr mSvkfha idudkH w.h iïu; wdldrhg ,shkak
28 reêr msvkh uekSug .kakd WmlrKh l=ulao@
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29 reêr mSvkh idudkH w.hg jvd jeä jk wjia:d fudkjdo@
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30 reêr mSvkh idudkH w.hg jvd wvq jk wjia:d fudkjdo@
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.1 s
0.3 s0.4 s
12
R.I.
SJC
31 ECG igykla hkq l=ulao@
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
P - QRS - T -
32 ECG igykla u.ska wkdjrKh lr.; yels lreKq fudkjdo @ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
33 ñksidf.a oaú;aj reêr ixirKh fmkajk igykla my; ±lafõ
^i& A,B,C yd D l=àr kï lrkak
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
^ii& E isg P olajd reêr jdyskS kï lrkak------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
^iii& m%Odk reêr jdyskS 2 lska reêrh imhk bkaøh l=ulaao@
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
^iv& fmkye,s ;=,§ reêrhg tl;= jk yd reêrfhka bj;ajk øjHla ,sshkak
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^v& jeäu fmdaIl m%udKhla wka;¾.; jdysksh l=ulao@
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
^vi& E yd F jdyskS j, wka;¾.; reêrfha m%Odk fjkia lula ,shkak
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P
Q
R
S
T
N
O
P
13
R.I.
SJC
34 jid ;r,h hkq l=ulao@
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35 jid moaO;sh iukaú; jk m%Odk fldgia 3,shkak----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36 rEm igyfka jid moaO;shg wh;a fldgia kï lrkak
-------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------37 m%Odk jid jdysks 2 kï lrkak
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
38 jid .eá;s hkq fudkjdo@
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
39 l=oafoá hkqfjka y÷kajkafka fudkjdo@
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40 jid moaO;sfha lD;Hh fudkjdo@
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41 ixirK moao;sh wdYs%; my; tla tla frda.h y÷kajkak
*we;frdialaf<frdaishdj -
*f;%dïfndaish -
*wOHd;;sh yd ukaod;sh -14
R.I.
6. udkj foay l%shdj,s
wdydr Ô¾K moaO;sh
01 wdydr Ô¾Kh hkq l=ulao@
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
02 hdka;%sl Ô¾Kh hkq l=ulao@
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
03 ridhksl Ô¾Kh hkq l=ulao@
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
04 Ô¾Kh ùula ke;sj iDcqju foayhg wjfYdaIKh lr.; yels fmdaIl fudkjdo@----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
05 udkj wdydr Ô¾K moaO;sfha fldgia kï lrkak
01Rajeewa Indrajith
06 wdydr Ô¾K moaO;shg wh;a w;sf¾l fldgia fudkjdo@
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
07 uqL l=yrh ;=,oS wdydrfha isÿjk hdka;%sl Ô¾Kh myokak
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
08 uqL l=yrh ;=, isÿjk ridhksl Ô¾Kh hkq l=ulao@
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
msIagh fuda,afgdaia
09 ñksidf.a oka; úkHdih ,shkak
10 wdydr Ô¾KfhaoS osfjka bgqjk ld¾hh ,shkak
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 uqLfhka miq wdydrh .uka lrkafka l=uk jHqyhlgo@
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 wmsðúysldfõ ld¾hh myokak
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 wdydr .=,sh fyda c,h wkakfi%da;hg we;t fkdù .%iksldjg we;=t jqjfyd;a
02Rajeewa Indrajith
l=ula isÿ fõo@
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 yels,S mj;sk wkakfi%da;h ;=,ska wydr .uka lrkafka flfiao@
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15 wdudYh ;=, isÿjk wydr Ô¾Kh myokak
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16 wdudYhsl hqIfha wka;¾.; tkaihsu fudkjdo@ tu.ska isÿ jk Ô¾Kh myokak
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fm%daàk fmd,sfmmaghsv
17 wdudYh ;=, wdydrh fldmuK ld,hla mj;so@
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18 wdu,ih hkq l=ulao@
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19 laIødka;fha m%Odk l,dm 3 ,shkak
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20 laIødka;fha wdydr Ô¾kh ioyd iyNd.s jk tkaihsu j¾. 2 ,shkak-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21 .%yKshg we;=t jk wdydr fldgia j, wka;¾ .; ix>gl fudkjdo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 jevqKq ñksfil=f.a l=vd wka;%fha os. fldmuKo@
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23 my; igyk weiqfrka ms<s;=re imhkak03
Rajeewa Indrajith
^i& a,b,c,d yd e fldgia kï lrkak---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
^ii& X f,i kï lr we;s .%kaÓh l=ulao@
-----------------------------------------^iii& C u.ska i%djh lrk øjHh l=ulao@
-----------------------------------------
^iv& C ys .nvd lr we;s i%djh ksmojk .%kaÓh l=ula o@
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^v& m yd n m%Kd, 2 kï lrkak
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24 ms; wdydr Ô¾Khg odhl jk whqre fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrkak
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25 msf;ys wka;¾.; ix>gl kï lrkak
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 w.akHdYhsl hqIfha wka;¾ .; my; tkaihsu j,g wod, tkaihsó h
m%;sl%shd iïmq¾K lrkak
26 ff;f,daolrKh wdydr cS¾Khg odhl jk whqre myokak
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27 laIøddka;% ì;a;sh u.ska i%djh lrk wdka;%sl hqIfha wka;¾.; ix>gl fudkjdo@----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28 wdka;%sl hqIfha wka;¾.; my; tkaihsóh m%;sl%shd iïmQ¾K lrkak
04Rajeewa Indrajith
a
bc
d
e
x
m
n
á%maiSka
weuhsf,aia
,hsfmaia
29 my; ioyka tla tla fmdIl ix>glfha Ô¾K wka;M,h ioykalrkak
ldfndayhsfä%g - -----------------------------
fm%daàk - -----------------------------
,smsv - -----------------------------
30 Ô¾K wka;M, ld¾HCIuj wjfYdaIKh ioyd laIødka;%fha wjidk fldgi jk fYaIdka;%slh fmkajk wkqj¾;k fudkjdo@
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31 wx.=,sldjl jHqyh my; ±lafõ ta weiqfrka ms<s;=re imhkak
fud,afÜia
iqlaf¾aia
,elafÜia
fmmaáfâia
05Rajeewa Indrajith
ab
c
^i& fldgia kï lrkak
^ii& Ô¾k wka;M, ld¾hCIuj wjfYdaIKh ioyd fuu jHqyh fmkajk wkqj¾;k fudkjdo@
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------^iii& reêr flaYkd,sld ;=,g wjfYdaIKh jk Ô¾K M, fudkjdo@
------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
------------------------------- ----------------------------------------^iv& mfhda,i kd, j,g wjfYdaIKh jk wka;M, fudkjdo@
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
32 fïo wï, yd .a,sifrda,a mfhda,i kd, j, isg reêr ixirK moaO;shg we;=t jk ud¾.h ,shkak
33 reêrfha jeämqr we;s .a¨fldaia j,g l=ula isÿ fõo @
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
34 uyd wka;%fha wdrïNl yd wjidk jHqy fudkjdo@
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35 WKavql mqÉP m%odyh hkq l=ulao@
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36 uyd wka;%h u.ska isÿlrk lD;H l=ulao@
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
37 u, f,i y÷kajkafka l=ula o@
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
38 u, ly meyehla .kafka wehs @
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a
b
c
06Rajeewa Indrajith
39 u, j, wka;¾.; ix>gl fudkjd o@
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40 my; tla tla frda.h tys frda. ,CIK yd Bg fya;= ,shkak
a& .eiag%hsàia
frda.h (-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
frda. ,CIK(-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fya;=j (---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n,mEu (-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b& u, noaOh
frda.h (-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
frda. ,CIK(-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fya;=j (----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n,mEu (-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c& WKikaksmd;h
frda.h (-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
frda. ,CIK(-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fya;=j (----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
07Rajeewa Indrajith
n,mEu (-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
d& mdpkh
frda.h (-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
frda. ,CIK(-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fya;=j (----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n,mEu (-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
41 WK ikaksmd;h yd mdpkh j<lajd .eKsug .; yels fyd| fi!LH mqreÿ4 ,shkak--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
08Rajeewa Indrajith
SJC
ñksidf.a iudfhdack l%shdj,sh yd iuiaÓ;sh
iudfhdackhlsishï lD;Hhla bgq lrk úg tu l%shdjg wod, foay wjhj yd fldgia talrdYS
lr.ksñka ta w;r ukd iïnkaëlrKhla mj;ajd .ekSu
iudfhdack wdldr
01 iakdhql iudfhdackh - iakdhq moaO;sfha uQ,sl;ajfhka foayh ;=, isÿjkiudfhdackh
i;=ka ;=, muKla ±lsh yel
iakdhq wdfõ. fyj;a mKsúv hï úoHq;a l%uhlg.uka .kakd ksid úoHq;a iudfhdackh f,i oy÷kajhs
02 wiakdhql iudfhdackh- iakdhq moaO;sfha ueÈy;a ùfuka f;drj foayh ;=,isÿjk iudfhdackh
Ydl yd i;=ka ;=, ±lsh yel
fuys§ iakdhq wdfõ. .uka .kafka fydafudak kïldnksl ridhkhla wOdrfhka ksid ridhksliudfhdackh f,io y÷kajhs
iakdhql iudfhdakh yd wdY%S; mo lsysmhl w¾:h
01 W;af;ach - Ôúfhl= ;=, ldhsl jYfhka fyda p¾Hhduh jYfhka fjkila we;s lsßug iu;a tu ðúhdf.a ndysr fydawNHka;r mßirfha isÿjk ´kEu fjkils
02 m%;spdrh - ðùka W;af;ac i|yd olajk m%;sl%shdj
03 ldrlh - m%;spdr ±laùug fhdod .kakd foay fldgi^fmaYS$.%kaÓ&
04 m%;s.%dylh - ðùka W;af;ac ,nd .kakd bkaøhka
05 foay,sh w.h - Ôùkag W;af;achla ixfõokh ùug ;sìh hq;= W;af;acfha wju ;sj%;djh
iakdhq moaO;sfha jHqyuh tallh
iakdhq moaO;sfha jHqyuh tallh jkafka iakdhq ffi,hskshqfrdak j¾. 3ls
01 ixfõol kshqfrdak 02 pd,l kshqfrdak 03 wka;¾ydr kshqfrdak
*fud<h ;=, yuqjk kshqfrda.a,shd kï úfYaI kshqfrdak ffi, j¾.hla we;
flá igyka
15
R.I
SJC
iakdhq moaO;sfha jHqyh
uOH iakdhq moaO;sh
)fud<h yd iqIqïkdfjka iE§ we;)fud<h ysia ln, fyj;a lmd,h ;=, msysghs)iqIqïkdj lfYarej ;=, msysá È.= kd,dldr jHqyhls)lmd,h yd lfYarej uÕska uOH iakdhq moaO;sh wdrCId ù we;)óg wu;rj fufkxð mg, 3 lska o wdrCId ú we;
jrdYsldj- lmd,h yd lfYarejg we,S we;c,dldr mg,h- uia;SIAl iqIqïkd ;r,h
mj;sÖkdxY=ldj
)uia;SIal iqIqïkd ;r,h fufkxÔ mg, w;r msysá ;r,hls)iqIqïkdfõ uOH kd,h ;=, jeä fldgila we;)fud<fha fldaIsld ;=,o ;r,h msß mj;s)fï wkqj fud<fha msg;ska yd we;=,;ska fuu ;r,h msysghs)fldaIsld ;=, yd uOH kd,h ;=, we;s mCIu p,kh úu uÕska fuu ;r,h ixirKh fõ)fuu ;r,h ;=, we;s Yafõ;dKq uÕska wdidokhkaf.ka j<lajd .kS)uia;SIal iqIqïkd ;r,h i%djh lrkafka reêr .%dys m%;dkj, we;s wmsÉPo ffi, u.sks
iqIqïkdj
16
R.I
SJC
fud<hg wh;a fldgia yd tys lD;H
m%;Sl l%shdfud<fha bÉPdkq. ueÈy;a ùulska f;drj isÿjk l%shd
m%;Sl pdmhm%;Sl l%shdjl§ iakdhq wdfõ. .uka lrk ud¾.h
lmd, m%;Sl
iqIqïkd m%;Sl
;e,uiyhsfmd;e,ui
iqIqïkdj
iu lmd, wiÓh
uia;SIalh m%;s.%dyl j, isg ,efnk wdfõ. ,nd.ekSu yd tu ixfõok yÿkd.ekSu yd .nvdlsßu
bÉPdkq. l%shd md,kh
is;su nqoaêh wdorh u;kh ks¾udKYS,s nj jeks Wiia udkisl l%shd md,kh ixfõok md,kh
lmd, wiaÓhfud<hg hdka;%sl wdrCIdj
óg iïnkaO fkfkxð mg,we;s ;r,h u.ska wdrCIdj
yhsfmda;e,uiWIAK;aj md,k uOHia:dkh
msáhqgßfhka fydafudak md,kh
yDo iamkakh l=i.skak c, ;=,H;djmd,kh
wkquia;SIalhfoay iu;=,s;;djh mj;ajd .eksufoay p,k iudfhdackhbÉPdkq. fmaYs md,kh
iqIqïkd YS¾IlhYajikh yDo iamkaokhreêr msvkh md,kh
leiai jukh wdydr.s,sulsúiSu md,kh
iqIqïkdjfud<h lrd iakdhq wdfõ./f.k tauiuyr wksÉPdkq. l%shd md,kh
;e,ui
úúO m%foaY j,ska tk iakdhqwdfõ. fud<h fj; fhduq lsßu
msáhqgßh
fydafudak i%djh lsßu
uia;SIal iqIqïkd ;r,fha ld¾hh
lïmk wjfYdaIKhfud<hg yd iqIqïkdjg W;ama,djl;dj iemhSuúc,kfhka yd CIø Ôúkf.ka wdrCIdjfmdaIl iemhSuWIAK;aj fjkiaùï j,ska wdrCIdj
17
R.I