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H
: ,
Abstract
This paper examines the role of the PIE preverb *en- in Ancient Greek, Latin and the Germanic languages, the three Indo-European language families that provide us with the richest and clearest evidence about its role and meaning and also about the compound formation. The meaning of en- in these language families is mainly in or at , and therefore can be attributed to the PIE *en-. Other uses of PIE *en-, as in a number of Greek ad jectives where it means with , can be explained otherwise, and it is highly possible that they do not belong originally to the preverb *en- but to another prefix, as I have argued elsewhere.
1.
H
*en
,
.1
en
, , .
,
,
,
.
X *en, ,
IEW,
in . H
, , .
an ka . ainika Angesicht . i < *in < *en.
, , , .
en,
,
in. ,
, in,
. . .
en, . ie-,
, . ,
on- u]n-. H , ,
in, inj bis < *eni
. AB y-, yn- B in-,
.
2
2. H ,
H LSJ ( . ) in within
on, at or by
amongst
in one s hands . Schwyzer (1968, II 455),
, ,
( . LSJ . E.I,
Schwyzer 1968, II 456-457, Chantraine 1942).
,
LSJ Schwyzer. A
,
.2
2.1
, . . sit or settle oneself in (A .), shut in, close (H .),
bend in or inwards (A .), lies upon you ( .), step in ( .),
throw in ( .), dip in (I .), fill full of ( .), fall in or
on ( .), make in ( .), bar a passage, stop up, block up ( .),
milk into (O .), kindle (H .), mark, point out ( .), - show forth
oneself ( .), put on ( .), enter ( .), , arise in or among ( .),
stretch or strain tight ( .), put in or into ( .) .
- +
+ , . .
fit thongs to ( .) < - + ( )
+ - ,
put
on man s nature (H .) < - + ( )
+ - .
H , LSJ
Chantraine (1942), in or at a place at a person se situe
l action verbale dans la notion exprimee par le nom , . (Chantraine 1942,
116). H
s elancer, s elever
«le
mouvement et le changement de lieu» (Chantraine 1942, 116-117)
(Chantraine
1942, 119). E -
, . ,
. O Chantraine
«dans la plupart des cas le compose constitue avec est plus archaique que le compose avec
» (1942, 123) , ,
:
,
. ,
3
( , ),
( , , ) «locutions toutes faites» ( , )
(Chantraine 1942, 124).
T :
) , nomina actionis nomina agentis, . . slope
( .), inclination ( .), inclination ( .), embarkation ( .),
that on which one goes or steps (A .), production (A .), impaction
(I .), stoppage (E .), stoppage (A .), taking ( .),
spark (O .), informer (UPZ 2 . .X.), indication ( .),
entry ( .), for putting on ( .), garment (A .), putting in,
insertion ( .), tension, straining (I .) .
) , . . which leans (T A . .),
productive of a thing in (A .), likely to obstruct, stop (I .),
inborn, natural (H .), probative ( . .), liable to
prosecution (IG 1 . .X.), for putting on ( .), put on (A .),
fit for implanting ( .), capable of being put in ( .),
stretched (IG 4 . .X.) .
2.2
. O Schwyzer (1968,
II 456) , ,
, . Y , ,
( . . , )
( . . Schwyzer 1968, I 436 II 457). A ,
,
, :
) , . .
leaving out, omitting ( .), wanting, defective ( .), showing in, reflecting ( .),
visible to the eye, manifest (A .) .
) - + + , the possession
of a quality , LSJ.
in
with :
in , . . in the womb (M .), in the heart ( .),
dwelling in, native (H .), in sleep, in dreams appearing (A .) .
with , . . (H .), moistened (I .),
endowed with reason (A .), having life ( .), endued
with form ( .), toilsome (E .), experienced or practiced in,
acquainted with (H .), having life in one, animate (H .), with blood in
4
one (H .), bedewed, dewy (A .), full of the god, inspired, possessed (A .),
with the testicles in, uncastrated, entire ( .), with water in it, holding water
(H .) . (T «in» LSJ
LSJ
. , ,
with (the) testicles , with milk ,
H , .)
,
, . . live at or in a place ( .), dwelling in a
place, native (IG 2 . .X.), to be experienced in ( .), experience
(E .), to be inspired (A .), inspiration ( .), ecstatic
( . A .) .
) - + , a modified degree , . .
greenish (N .), greenish ( .), rather bitter ( .),
rather raw (A .). T .
, . . to be somewhat
ruddy (N .).
) - + ,
(Schwyzer 1968, I 436 II 457), . .
hot (I .), dazed ( .),
wise (M .).
2.3
T ,
- + , . . pledge put into one s hands (O .), face,
countenance (N .), . . .
A , ,
: , . . (O .), , . . facing to the front (A .),
, . . (O .) .
2.4
T , . . over
against, right opposite ( .),
before the face, openly ( .) , within, inside
( .), . . intus.
3. H in ,
in < *en «in the local or transferred senses of
the prep[osition]; also with intensive force (increpo, insomo)» (OLD, . in-1). T DELL ( . in)
,
5
. « en, dans, sur , en parlant de l espace et du temps, que l on considere les choses en etat de
mouvement vers un but d ou un sens moral de pour, en vue de ou de repos». H in
, , , .
H
in :
3.1
, , ,
in , . . illici
entice, attract (to a place) (Pl.), illustr
to shine upon, light up, illuminate (Cic.), immerg
to
dip or plunge into, sink (Cic.), imm t
to make different, alter, modify (Pl.), imper
to demand
the production or payment of, order (Pl.), incend
to set on fire, kind le (Afran.), inclin
to
move out of the vertical or horizontal (Liv.), includ
to enclose (Cic.), ind
to put or place in or
on (Pl.), induc
to lead or bring into a place (Var.), ine
to go into, enter (Cic.), infer
to carry
or convey into a place (Cato), infit to begin (to do) (Pl.), to begin to speak (Enn.), inscrib
to
inscribe (Afran.) . ( *insequ
. .)
in +
+ , . . imbarbesc
to become bearded (Paul.) < in- + barb(a) + -esc ,
immol
to offer in sacrifice (Naev.) < in- + mol(a) + - , imm tesc
to become speechless (Quint.)
< in- + mut(us) + -esc , inalb
to make white (Apul.) < in- + alb(us) + - , inaur
to overlay with
gold, gild (Gel.) < in- + aur(um) + -
.
A :
) , nomina actionis nomina agentis, . . illectus the act of enticing,
allurement (Pl.) < illici , illustr ti
the action of making vivid (Quint.) < illustr , imm t ti
the
process of changing, alteration (Cic.) < imm t , imper tor one who gives orders (Pl.) < imper ,
imperium the supreme administrative power (Enn.) < imper , incendium a destructive fire
(Cic.) < incend , incensi
the act of setting on fire (Cic.) < incend , incensor one who kindles or
sets fire to (Sat.) < incend , inscripti
the action of writing on or inscribing (Cic.) < inscrib ,
inscriptor one who inscribes (CIL) < inscrib
.
) , . . illustris bright, shining (Cic.) < illustr , imm t bilis liable to be changed
(Pl.) < immut , inaur tus overlaid with gold , gilded (Cic.) < . inaur , incensus radiant,
gloating (Petr.) < . incend , inclinis sloping, inclined (Man.) < inclin
.
) , . . illect
allure (Paul.) < illici
+ -t , imperit
go on ordering or
commanding (Pl.) < imper + -it .
3.2
T
.
, :
) , . . illiquefactus made liquid,
melted (Cic.) < in- + liquefaci , immedicatus treated with cosmetics (Cic.) < in- + medic ,
imm l tus built, erected (CIL) < in- + molior, ingenuus native to a place (Lucr.), born of a free
6
father (Pl.) < in- + gen- (gign ) + -uus, inquil nus an inmate of the same house (Cic.) < in- +
*quil- ( . col ) + -inus ( incol , DELL, . col
col
habiter ).
)
in- + + , . . inacid tus stepped in
vinegar (Apul.) < in- + acid(us) + -atus, Inalpinus living or situated in the Alps (Plin.) < in- +
Alp(es) + -inus, inanimis filled with life, = gr. (CIL) < in- + anim(a) + -is, insignis clearly
visible (Lucil.), easily apprehensible (Ter.) < in- + sign(um) + -is.
) in- + , , . . inass tus
well-roasted (Plin.) < in- + ass tus, . ass , inc nus quite gray, hoary (Pl.) < in- + c nus,
inclutus famous, renowned, celebrated (Naev.) < in- + clutus, incuruus curved, croaked , bent
(Var.) < in- + curuus, insicc tus dried up (on a surface) (Stat.) < in- + sicc tus.
inciens big with young (Var.), , DELL ( . inciens),
. .
«avec substitu tion d un suffixe de participe present
d apres ».
3.3
,
:
) in- + , . . inarculum «inarculum uirgula erat ex malo Punico
incuruata, quam regina sacrificans in capite gestabat» (Paul.) < in- + arculus, inauris, -ium ( .
.) ornaments worn on the ears, ear-rings (Pl.) < in- + auris.
) in- + , . . inc s an anvil
(Pl.) < in- + cud- (cud ), ingenium natural
disposition, inherent quality (Pl., Naev.) < in- + gen- (gign ) + -ium.
3.4
, . .
incassum without effect, with no purpose (Pl.) < in- + cassus, inc ram in the presence of, in
front of, before (Apul.) < in- + coram, inibi in that place, there (Pl.) < in- + ibi, insemel at one
time, together (Stat.) < in- + semel, insimul in company, together (Paul.) < in- + simul, insuper
on top, above (Enn.) < in- + super, inter ( .) among, amid (Enn.) < . *enter, .
DELL ( . in), intra within, inside (Enn.) < in- + -ter + -a, intr
inside, indoors, in (Pl.) < in- + -
ter + - , intus inside, within (Enn.) < in- + -tus, . . . .
4.
,
.
) B .
(in) ,
7
. T ,
(in)
(in) . O
Schwyzer (1968, II 457)
, ,
,
, , . .
. .
. insum, . .
. imple , . .
. ind , . .
. inside , . .
. inser . I
. . ( .)
. *insequ , *insec
(insece Liv. Andr.) < *en-
sekw- , ,
in . DELL . *insequ , DELG .
.
) ,
. K
. M
,
. :
+
modified degree , .
(Schwyzer 1968, II 456-457),
- with ,
, : inanimis
( . OLD .) insignis ( . DELL, . signum
.
2003, 426).
, . .
. inclutus.
, ,
modified degree with , ,
.
T
( , . . , ), . .
, ,
.
in < *en
in- < * -,
. H
, in- .
imm t bilis liable to be changed (Pl.) <
8
immut
imm t bilis unchangeable (Cic.) <
in- + m t bilis, inaur tus
overlaid with gold, gilded (Cic.) < inaur
inaur tus not adorned with gold
(Titin.) < in- + aur tus.
) ,
, . O , ,
.
5. T
,
.
E in (
, Balg 1887, . in, about, through, by, in, into, within, among,
on, at, towards, to, before . ) :
) , . . inagjan in Angst setzen, bedrohen = , inbrannjan in Brand
stecken = , infeinan sich erbarmen = , inrauhtjan zurnen = ,
insaljan herablassen = , intrusgjan einpfropfen = , inweitan anbeten =
, inwidan verleugnen = , inwisan bevorstehen = .
) , . . inahs verstandig =
(> . inahei = , ),
inkil?o schwanger = , inwinds ungerecht = ,
(> . inwindi?a =
), inwito?s innerhalb des Gesetzes stehend = .
) , . . ingardja Hausgenosse = , inkunja Stammesgenosse =
, inmaideins Vertauschung = , inniuji?a Fest der Tempelweihe = ,
insahts Erzahlung = .
.
O ,
in . .
, modified degree
, with inwito?s,
. , . in-- = . -. inahs,
Feist (1939, . inahs), in- .
in (
AhdW . in in, an, auf, zu, bei, unter, zwischen, vor, durch, mit,
nach, kraft, von, uber, aus, gegen(uber), in bezug auf, bema?, wahrend, als, fur, um willen )
. M in
:
) , , . . inb zan essen, speisen
( .
b zan bei?en ), infaren
(hin)eingehen; eindringen ( .
faran fahren ), infliez(z)en hineinflie?en
( . fliozan
flie?en
), ingeozan hineingie?en
( . giozan gie?en
).
) , . . ingraben ausgraben
graban graben
,
9
inspringan entspringen
,
springan springen
, .
) , . . inbringan bringen
( . bringan
bringen ).
in :
inblahen aufgeschwollen , < pl an (auf)blasen , infuoget einen
Gegensatz enthaltend
.
, , , . . infleiscnissa Fleischwerdung,
Menschwerdung
, inbrust Brust, Herz
, , infart Eintritt, Eingang,
Schwelle
, ingang Eingang, Pforte; Eintritt, Kommen, Beginn
.
T , ,
,
modified degree with *en
.
6.
,
- with modified
degree *sem- ( . Schwyzer 1968, I 433).
, *sem- , ,
« » *sem- -
1 B . 2003, 418-429. 2 Schwyzer (1968, II 454-461),
Humbert 1957, 293-295.
10
AhdW. Schutzeichel, R. 1989. Althochdeutsches Worterbuch. Tubingen: Max Niemeyer.
Balg, G. H. 1887. A Comparative Glossary of the Gothic Language.
Chantraine, P. 1942. «Le role et la valeur de - dans la composition», RPh 16, 115-125.
DELG. Chantraine, P. 1968-1980. Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque. Paris: Klincksieck.
DELL. Ernout, A. & Meillet, A. 1959. Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue latine. Paris:
Klincksieck.
Feist, S. 1939. Vergleichendes Worterbuch der gotischen Sprache. Leiden: Brill.
Humbert, J. 1957.
( .
K Syntaxe grecque, 1954, Paris: Klincksieck) A : . .
IEW. Pokorny, J. 1959. Indogermanisches etymologisches Worterbuch. Bern & Munchen: Francke.
LSJ. Lidell, H. G., Scott, R. & Jones, H. S. 1996. A Greek-English Lexicon. With a Revised
Supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
OLD. Glare, P. G. W. 1996. Oxford Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
, . 2003. « ;».
M 23. 418-429.
Schwyzer, E. 1968. Griechische Grammatik. 4 . Munchen: Beck sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
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