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Ha-Be CONCReTe COLOURSPowder pigments and liquid colours for the concrete industry
Ägyptisches Museum | HFF, Munich
Colourize your Concrete
Ha-Be CONCReTe COLOURSCold, grey and plain, these are the attributes that the building material concrete has long left behind. More and more architects and builders are designing and building public and priva-te areas with coloured architectural concrete along with concrete products such as paving stones and terrace slabs.
The quality of the concrete colour is of fundamental importance for the colouration of the concrete. To maintain quality the requirements for concrete colour are regulated under DIN EN 12878. For the colouring of the concrete only inorganic, synthetic pigments and pigment preparations based on chromium oxide, iron oxide, titanium white, cobalt blue and carbon-based black pigments are used.
These base pigments cover a wide range of palette colours from subtle shades to natural-looking colours. These include a variety of red, brown, yellow and anthracite tones along with the colours green, blue, and white. The various pigments can be mixed together so that any shade can be produced. Concrete colour can be processed as a powder pigment or as liquid colour (also known as slurry).
The colouring of the concrete is not only dependent on the pigment colour or the liquid colour, but is also influenced by the implementation of the latest know-how in concrete technology. Base materials such as the aggregate and the type of cement, the water/cement ratio and the dosage contribute significantly to the colouring of the concrete.
To avoid bad surprises at the construction site, Ha-Be tests the application techniques of the influencing variables with the "Colourize your Concrete" concept and supports its customers from initial selection of the desired colour, the analysis of the technical parameters of the concrete, right through to the preparation of the test surface.
Coloured concrete designs have particularly high demands on visual appearance. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken to increase durability and to avoid visual defects such as efflorescence, colour fade, dirt and damage (e.g. frost damage). The three-stage surface protection concept PROTECT, with a sixfold effect, ensures coloured concrete looks great for extended time.
For ManuFaCtured
ConCrete ProduCts
For ready-Mixed
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the concrete colour requirements according to din en 12878
AT A GLANCE Category a (non-reinforced concrete)
Concrete colour requirements: Alkali-resistant weather and light stable the setting behaviour of the concrete
must not be adversely affected constant colour tones colour intensity
Category B (reinforced concrete)Concrete colour requirements: all of the attributes listed in category A
additional requirements:+ The maximum chloride content shall not exceed 0.1 % mass fraction+ The maximum proportion of water-soluble substance must not exceed: for Pigments: 0.5 % mass fraction for Liquid colours: 5.0 % mass fraction+ The loss in compressive strength of the coloured concrete compared to the reference concrete shall not exceed 8 %
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requirements of din en 12878concrete colour must withstand the alkaline environ-ment of the cement lime and resistant to weather and uV radiation. Additionally, it must have a constant co-lour tone and consistent colour strength to ensure the reproducibility of concrete products.
inorganic, synthetic pigmentsAccording to DIn En 12878, concrete colour must be based with inorganic, synthetic pigments. These inclu-de iron oxide, chrome oxide, cobalt blue, titanium white and carbon-based black pigments. A wide variety of co-lours can be achieved with these base pigments.
reinforced or non-reinforced concrete?The DIn En standard differentiates the requirements in two application categories: In category A, the use in non-reinforced concrete e.g. concrete products, and in category B, the use in steel-reinforced concrete.Category B defines limit values such as the maximum chloride content in the concrete colour to ensure that no harmful reactions occur such as steel corrosion caused by the addition of colour.
Quality First Before concrete colours are allowed to be applied, their conformity must be shown in accordance to the requirements of DIN EN 12878. Ha-Be is certified to En-Standards and only uses pigments and liquid colours that meet these requirements. As a result, all Ha-Be concrete colours are marked with the cE-label.
the concrete colour requirements according to din en 12878
WHaT COLOUR IS SUITaBLe?The quality of the concrete colour is of fundamental importance for the colouration of the concrete. The requirements for these products are regulated within the EU as well as in Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland in accordance with DIN EN 12878.
Ha-Be colour spectrum for concrete colouring
NaTURaL BaSe COLOURS
Colour tone
BasePigMent
Ha-BePigMent
Ha-BeliQuid Colour
jetblack carbon black - Ha-Be color carbocrete
Anthracite Iron oxide black Ha-Be Ferrox Schwarz 330 Ha-Be color Schwarz 320
iron oxide black Ha-Be Ferrox Schwarz 370 Ha-Be color Schwarz 370
Brown Iron oxide brown Ha-Be Ferrox Braun 610 Ha-Be color Braun 610
Iron oxide brown - Ha-Be color Braun 639
Iron oxide brown Ha-Be Ferrox Braun 655 Ha-Be color Braun 655
Iron oxide brown Ha-Be Ferrox Braun 686 Ha-Be color Braun 686
red Iron oxide red Ha-Be Ferrox rot 110 Ha-Be color rot 110
Iron oxide red Ha-Be Ferrox rot 120 Ha-Be color rot 120
Iron oxide red Ha-Be Ferrox rot 130 Ha-Be color rot 130
Yellow Iron oxide yellow Ha-Be Ferrox Gelb 420 Ha-Be color Gelb 420
Iron oxide yellow - Ha-Be color Gelb 430
Iron oxide yellow - Ha-Be color Gelb 440
Iron oxide yellow Ha-Be Ferrox Gelb 960 Ha-Be color Gelb 960
Green chrome oxide green Ha-Be chromoxidgruen 740 Ha-Be color chromoxidgruen 740
Blue cobalt blue Ha-Be Kobaltblau 730 Ha-Be color Kobaltblau 730
White Titanium white Ha-Be Titanweiß 720 Ha-Be color Titanweiß 720
technological constraints in the colour spectrum
Even though the colour palette for the concrete colours is wide ranging, there are however some constraints. Bright and vibrant
colours such as, for example, neon tones are very difficult to produce. This is partly because of the restrictions to the norm where
these tones cannot be achieved with inorganic, synthetic pigments. Secondly, concrete colour is a component of the concrete and
is not suitable for application on concrete surfaces because the pigments can be incorporated through the hydration process in the
cement matrix.
Base colours
the colour spectrum for concrete colouring
INFINITe RaNGe OF COLOUR TONeS a wide range of colours
colours with a basis of iron oxide, chromium oxide, cobalt blue, titanium white and carbon are suitable for concrete colouring. These pigments cover a wide ranged palette of subtle shades and natural-looking colours as shown in the left pictured table. A wide range of individual shades can be achieved through the mixing of these base pigments. Based on samples, individual concrete colours can be produced such as brake lines, concrete and natural stone or templates for standardised colour systems like rAL or PAnTonE®.
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Production of liquid colour
Pigment powder and liquid colour
VaRIOUS FORMS OF SUPPLYConcrete colours can be processed in various forms. During in the early years only powder pigments were used for concrete colouring. Other supply forms for concrete colouring, such as in reinforced concrete, can be used since the adoption of DIN EN 12878. The most widespread forms used are pigment powder and liquid colour, also known as slurry.
Powder pigment: Ha-Be PigmentPowder pigments are extremely fine and approx. 10 times smaller than cement particles. Therefore, they tend to create dust and often cause contamination of plant equipment. This is however not the only disad-vantage of this supply form. Powder pigments often clump together making it more difficult to apply as li-quid colour. Powder pigments are delivered in sacks or big bags.
Colour mixes with powder pigmentsPowder pigments are usually delivered in base pig-ment form rather than as a mixed colour.The desired colour tone is achieved by a combination of the different dosage amounts of the base pigments. At the concrete manufacturing plant they are separated and mixed in the concrete mixer in accordance to the desired colour composition and are only then mixed to the desired colour tone in the final production process of the building material.
liquid colour (slurry): Ha-Be ColourLiquid colour are suspensions of base pigments, wa-ter and additives. In the production of liquid colour the pigments are optimally dispersed. This allows for the development of full colour strength and provides for vibrant colour tones in the concrete. Packaged under the brand name Ha-Be colour the liquid colours are delivered in containers.
Colour mixes with liquid colourAs opposed to pigments, liquid colour is supplied ready mixed. Through the addition of additives and water, the base pigments mix together to produce a wide range of colour shades. This enables architects, designers and builders to create a range of individual colours outside of the standard product range.
ProduCt advantage disadvantage
Colour PigMents - cheaper - high dust generation- tends to clump- more effort required for mixed colours- high contamination of plants- dosing in small quantities is inaccurate
liQuid Colours - can achieve higher colour yields- wide range of colour tones possible by mixing the pigments- mixed colours are delivered ready- easier handling- highest dosage accuracy
- limited shelf life- sedimentation- in winter additional antifreeze additive is required
advantages and disadvantages of supply forms
Colour – but please in contextconsequently the selected colour tone should really be tested in the context of these crucial concrete techno-logical parameters. Since these are highly customised colours, it is recommended that an extensive concrete technology analysis is undertaken.
Concrete technology analysisThe concrete technological service of Ha-Be develops and tests colours taking the individual concrete techno-logy factors into account. The desired colour is tested with the customised concrete mix design using the de-fined precursors with the samples retained. Therefore there are no bad surprises later.
Caution! There are many influence variables in concrete technology
WHaT COLOURIzeS THe CONCReTe?The colouring of the concrete factors on a wide range of concrete technology influences. Not only the colour of the selected pigment or the liquid colour influences the resulting colour but also parameters like cement, aggregates, water/cement ratio and dosing amounts have a decisive influence.
essential - test under real conditionsAfter the colour is selected, colouring should be tes-ted under real conditions. With soft concretes, a tes-ting area should be created. The sample then serves everyone as a reference surface for the subsequent realisation of the object. our technical support service supports the concrete manufacturer and processors.
With manufactured concrete products, a preliminary test under real production conditions is recommended.
At the initial consultation, the colour choice of customer is clarified and defined. The colour choice is often individual and focuses on specific natural colours or those from standardised colour systems. Sample pieces such as break lines, concrete and natural stone as well as rAL or PAnTonE® colour systems are very helpful in communicating ideas. From these samples individual concrete colours can be customised.
After a colour has been chosen a corresponding concrete colour is developed. The so-called colour matching is obtained by mixing different pigments. once the colour match has been completed, samples are created and tested. So that the colour tone is not falsified, a number of other concrete technological influen-ces must be taken into consideration, as outlined below.
no bad surprises
CONCReTe TeCHNOLOGY aNaLYSISThe "Colourize your Concrete" concept is a specially designed concrete technology service for concrete colouring. The colour choice is first matched with the customer and defined. So that this can be realised in practice conditions, the concrete technical service of Ha-Be creates samples taking into account the key concrete technology parameters such as concrete colour, cement type, aggregates, water/cement ratio and dosing amount. The developed formula recommendations avoid unpleasant surprises on the const-ruction site.
COLOURCONSULTING
COLOURdEvELOpmENT
Even when concrete supplements are fully coated with cement paste, the coloured ag-gregates can shine through and influence the resulting colour with its colour. This influ-encing factor should be taken into account during concrete colouring.As with the binder, this has an influence on bright concrete colours such as white, yellow, green and blue and is more intensive than in dark tones such as dark red, black or dark brown shades.To analyse the influence of customer specific supplements on the colour result, the con-crete technology service of Ha-Be tests those influences in advance.
The amount of pigment dosing is entirely based around the individual colour concept.Depending on the colour pigment and desired colour intensity, the actual dosage of pow-der pigments lies between 1 – 5% based on the binder content.Pigmentation with liquid colour usually lies in the range between 2 – 8% also based on the content of the binder.While the colour intensity of the concrete increases with higher colour dosing, the so called pigment saturation point will occur over and above a certain dosage amount. This means that at this point, the colour strength of the concrete remains constant. Any further additions cause only minor colour intensification in the concrete. The binder mix is achie-ved in the case of powder pigments with a dosage of approx. 6%, and for liquid colour a dosage between 9 –11%. The different dosing levels are tested with the application technology.
AGGREGATES ANALySIS
dOSAGEChECk
CEmENTTEST
WATER/CEmENT TESTING
The colour of the binder is a significant factor in concrete colouring. As a basic principle when using a pure, bright white cement the colour is generally more intense and brighter. Standard grey Portland cement attenuates colour intensity comparatively and the colour can appear darker as a result. This effect is even more pronounced with bright, brilliant colours such as yellow, green and blue than by darker shades such as dark red, black or dark browns.However, grey is not always grey. The shade of grey cement may vary between light grey and dark grey. For these colour variations the concrete technological service at Ha-Be offers a cement test. This distinguishes if the cement is suitable for light or dark colours or whether low doses for non-intensive colours are possible.
A further decisive factor for the resulting colour is the water/cement ratio of the concrete. The water/cement ratio is the ratio of water to cement or the binder mix ratio.Even minor fluctuations of the water cement ratio can produce different colour results. The water balance should therefore be kept constant. The influence of custom values should be checked in advance by the concrete technological service at Ha-Be.In general for both semi-dry and soft concrete, a rising water balance can cause colour tone lightening in the concrete and by too low water/cement ratios, darker colours can result. This is mainly because excess water evaporates from the concrete and leaves cavities on the surface in the form of fine pores. These pores break the incoming light and as a result the colour tone appears lighter. This effect occurs less in concrete with low water/cement ratios.
To achieve a homogeneous colour result, the colour pigments or liquid colour must be distributed evenly in the concrete mix. To ensure this, the concrete colour should be ad-ded in the dry mixer and mixed for an extended period of time.Production of ready-mix concrete: The addition of the colour in truck mixer can lead to irregularity in the result and is not recommended.
normally, powder pigments and liquid colours are added to the aggregates. After a dry mixing time from 25 – 40 seconds water and cement are then added and mixed along with the colour and supplements. The described dosing sequence has decisive advantages:Due to the friction of the aggregates the powder pigments or the ingredients of the liquid colours are well distributed and provide for a homogeneous colouring of the concrete batch.Through the shear forces applied during dry mixing the maximum colour yield of the pow-der pigments is produced. risks such as the risk of clot formation if the liquid colour co-mes in direct contact with the cement, are minimised by following this mixing sequence.After all of the components have been added, care should be taken to implement and carry out sufficient mixing times. Adherence to the requirements in concrete mixing which are outlined in DIn En 206-1 and DIn 1045-2, is required in ready-mixed concrete and pre-cast elements.
In addition to the mix design and the mixing process, the processing or the placing of the concrete has an influence on the resulting colour. This includes, for example, the compaction process. Different compaction intensities can be lead to an irregular colour result. It is therefore of fundamental importance that there is constant compliance with the compaction mechanism and intensity. As a general rule: The weaker the concrete compaction, the lighter the colour tone.Furthermore the ambient temperature during the hydration process, the nature of the formwork, the release agent used, and the curing all have an influence on the resulting colour of the concrete. To avoid any unwanted effects, samples or test areas should be prepared under real conditions.
mIxER
mIxING pROCESS & mIxING TImE
pROCESSING & INSTALLATION
R
Anlagenbau und Dosiertechnik GmbH
DELIVERY CONTAINER
MIXER
CONTROL
800 LITER
HOLD CONTAINER1000 LITER
FILLING HOSE F
Distributor
Circulation valve
FILL-UP VALVE
PNEUMATIC CONNECTIONP
230 V/1AXF1 F2 F3 F4 ESC OK
POWER LINE S1
COMPRESSED-AIR LINE L1
COMPRESSED-AIR LINE L2
CONTROL CABIN
POWER LINE S2
PUMP
Please take into consideration dimensions and connections
MOBILe DOSING SYSTeM required access
Forklift or wheel loader access to the mobile unit must exist
dimensions of the systemHold container: 1.25 m x 1.25 m x 1.85 m | Vol.1000 l Delivery container: 1.25 m x 1.25 m x 1.6 m | Vol. 800 l total space needed: 1.25 m (l) x 1.25 m (B) x 3.45 m (H)
required connections- Pneumatic connection P to Dn 7.2- Electrical connection X 230 V/ 1 A (at control, usually in the control cabin)
distances for the length of the cablesF: Pump in the load container to the fill valve on the mixer or maintenance platforms1: Distributor from the hold container to the controls2: Control to the fill-up valvel1: Pump in the hold container to the compressed air inletl2: Compressed air connection to the fill-up valve
Efficient - Functional - Exact
MOBILe DOSING TeCHNOLOGY FOR SLURRIeS Concrete colour - at concrete manufacturers they are used as standard. For transport concretes and fini-shed elements it is more a project-related special solution. The installation of new or in the modification of existing weighing technologies is relatively expensive and is therefore not always worth the investment. In such cases, mobile colour dosing systems for liquid colours often represent the most economically attrac-tive solution. Since they can be integrated into the existing production process, they eliminate costly com-plex interventions in the system control. As a result, they are a cost effective and popular form of dosing.
What are mobile dosing systems?Mobile colour dosing systems for liquid colour are closed systems with their own controls. usually, volumetric sys-tems come with a semi-automatic control system. These systems consist of a delivery container, a hold container with an integrated pump, a bypass valve, a fill valve in the mixer tower and a control at the engine room.
How is dosing carried out?Via a timer the pump at the hold container feeds the required amount of liquid colour into the mixer through a hose.
Maintaining homogeneous liquid colourSo that the liquid colour can be used over longer peri-ods of time a bypass valve is installed in the dosing sys-tem as standard. If necessary, the colour is circulated. Through regular movement of the colour suspension any settling of solids is prevented.
replenishment ...As soon as the colour in the hold container has been used up, the empty delivery container is removed with aforklift or wheel loader and replaced with a full delivery container, then the ball valve is opened and the liquid colour is emptied in free fall into the hold container.
special service – rentable mobile dosing systems
Project specific mobile systems can be made supplied by Ha-Be Betonchemie on request.
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three-steps-technology with 6x effect
THe CONCReTe PROTeCTION CONCePT
Ha-Be’s three-steps-technologyTo solve this problem Ha-Be has developed the three-steps-technology. The three steps consists of, optimi-sation of the microstructure, hydrophobic treatment for fresh concrete and the application of waterproofing over the concrete surface.
Concept with great effectsIn the optimisation process of the microstructure, the microstructure itself and the packing density of the concrete are analysed and optimised through concrete technology. In combination with mass hydrophobisati-on and an impregnation of one of the ProTEcT-Se-ries, concrete gains holistic 6x protection from wea-thering, food stains, water absorption, oil spills, efflorescence and frost.
Colourized concrete products and exposed concrete have high demands on their visual appearance and durability. Optical defects such as efflorescence, dirt and colour fades are especially visible on coloured concretes and can cause costly complaints. To minimise the emergence of such defects and increase the durability of the concrete, Ha-Be Betonchemie has developed the PROTECT system. It consists of a three-stage concept for the optimisation of the microstructure, hydrophobic treatment and impregnation for the holistic, sustainable protection of concrete.
What damages concrete?one of the main causes of concrete damage and op-tical defects is through water absorption in hardened concrete. It penetrates the concrete through the po-rous structure and is transported through capillary suction from the surface to the inside of the concrete block. Water penetration often leads damage such as frost damage or visual defects such as efflorescence. Visual defects can also be caused by weathering fac-tors such as solar radiation and even green vegetation. other causes also include contamination from food, drinks, grease and oil.
How is the concrete protected?To minimize damage and defects water absorption in the concrete must be reduced and the concrete sur-face must be protected against the penetration of sub-stances such as food, drinks, grease and oil. In short – concrete requires permanent effective protection against water, grease and oil.
ProteCts against
eFFloresCenCe
ProteCts against
WeatHering
ProteCtsagainst
Food stains
ProteCts against Water
aBsorBtion
ProteCts against
oil sPills
ProteCts FroM Frost
Ha-Be has developed three protection options specifically for the ready-mix and pre-cast concrete industry with their hydrophobic admixtures ProTEcT HcS (ST), ProTEcT HWA (ST) and the water resisting admixture ProTEcT HWr-80 (DM) products. These products generate a hydrophobic cement matrix and reduce the capillary suction. These properties effectuate minimised water absorption in con-crete and as a result minimises defects such as efflorescence and frost damage.
Hydrophobing agents for ready-mixed concrete and pre-cast elements
NOT ONLY FOR PaVeRS
Colour chart for the basic colours
6% LIQUID COLOUR IN WHITe CeMeNT
carbocrete
320
370
610
639
655
686
110
120
130
420
430
440
960
740
730
720
carbocrete
320
370
610
639
655
686
110
120
130
420
430
440
960
740
730
720
note: The colours shown here serve only as a guide. The colour intensity in the concrete depends on many factors such as the nature of the used raw materials and the water content in the concrete. Before using liquid colour it is required to perform preliminary tests, in which the colour and dosage levels are determined.
Colour chart for the basic colours
6% LIQUID COLOUR IN GReY CeMeNT
Ha-Be Middle east FZeSAIF Zone
P. o. Box 9583Sharjah | u.A.E.
Phone.: +971 6 55728-30Fax: +971 6 55728-60
Ha-Be BetonchemiegmbH & Co. Kg
Stüvestraße 39D-31785 Hameln
Phone.: + 49 5151 587- 0Fax: + 49 5151 587- 55
Ha-Be QatarConcrete additives
Company W.l.l.P.o. Box: 200596
Doha | QatarPhone: +974 446 91210
Fax: +974 441 65280 [email protected]
www.qa.ha-be.com
Ha-Be Middle east llCP.o. Box: 32
Postal code 118Muscat | oman
Phone: +968 241817 13Fax: +968 241817 13
