Hall Ticket No: Question Paper Code: A1429 (AUTONOMOUS ......B. Tech VII Semester Supplementary Examinations, November - 2017 (Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) VLSI DESIGN (Electronics and

Hall Ticket No: Question Paper Code: A1429

(AUTONOMOUS) B. Tech VII Semester Supplementary Examinations, November - 2017

(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A)

VLSI DESIGN (Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Date: 13 November, 2017 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75

Answer ONE question from each Unit All Questions Carry Equal Marks

Unit – I

1. a) Explain the channel length modulation in MOS transistor with neat diagram and equation. 7M b) With necessary diagrams, Derive an expression for current through an nMOS transistor

from basic principles for cut-off, linear and saturation region.

8M

2. a) With the help of neat circuit and transfer characteristics curve, explain the different regions of operation of CMOS inverter.

8M

b) Define and explain the body effect in MOS transistor with necessary equations.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain and compare the following in CMOS fabrication process: i. Ion Implantation ii. Diffusion

8M

b) Define and explain silicon gate process with necessary diagram.

7M

4. a) Define the Latch-up with V-I Characteristics. Discuss the different mechanism to prevent the Latch-up problem.

8M

b) Describe dry and wet oxidation process in MOS fabrication.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Draw the stick diagrams for the following circuits: i. 3-input CMOS NOR gate ii. 3-input nMOS NAND gate

7M

b) Draw the CMOS layout diagram for the given expressions: i. Y = (A +B). C ii. Y = (AB +C)’

8M

6. a) Briefly explain the 2um double metal, double poly CMOS rules. 6M b) What are the scaling factors for the following parameters:

i. Gate Capacitance ii. Power dissipation per gate iii. Gate Delay iv. Gate Area

9M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain the working of nMOS and pMOS pass transistor logic and implement the 4:1 Multiplexer using nMOS pass transistor.

9M

b) With circuit diagram explain the operation of pseudo nMOS NOR and NAND gates. 6M

8. a) Explain the dynamic CMOS logic structure. Draw and explain the operation of 3-input dynamic CMOS NOR gate.

8M

b) With an example, explain the working of Clocked CMOS logic circuits.

7M

Cont…2

::2::

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the following fault models with an example: i. Stuck-At Faults ii. Short circuit and open circuit faults

9M

b) Explain the bus-oriented test technique and multiplexer based testing technique with suitable examples.

6M

10. a) Draw the schematic for a typical CMOS Scan-Register and explain serial scan and partial serial scan for testing.

8M

b) What are the self-test and built in test techniques used. Briefly explain memory self-test technique.

7M




EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

(Common to Electronics and Communication Engineering & Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) What are the characteristics of Embedded computing applications? Explain. 7M b) With an example, explain how Unified Modeling Language allows to define one class in

terms of another and also describe multiple inheritance in UML.

8M

2. a) Explain the requirements analysis needed for a GPS moving map system. And also mention the specifications required for GPS system.

8M

b) Explain the behavioral descriptions in embedded system design with an example in detail.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) List the salient features of 8051 Microcontroller. 7M b) Write an assembly level programming to find largest number in an array of N numbers.

8M

4. a) What are assembly directives? Explain any four of them. 7M b) Write an assembly level program to perform decimal up counter for 8051.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) What are semaphores? Explain the problems that occur when semaphore is used in embedded system design.

7M

b) Explain the significant factors to reduce memory and power consumption in Real Time operating system.

8M

6. a) Briefly explain the interrupt routines in an RTOS environment. 8M b) Explain the following:

i. Message Queues ii. Mail Boxes and Pipes

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) With a neat diagram, explain the following: i. PROM programs ii. ROM emulators

8M

b) Draw and explain briefly Motorola S-Record format.

7M

8. a) Describe the logical analyzer in timing mode. 8M b) Write the advantage of logic analyzer over emulator.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain with diagram state transition graph for an I2c bus master. 7M b) Describe Ethernet CSMA/CD algorithm with flowchart.

8M

10. a) Define the following: i. Message delay ii. Single hop Network iii. Multiple Hop networks

6M

b) With a neat diagram explain architecture and specification of elevator. 9M




CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

(Electronics and Communication Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the concept of frequency Reuse channels. 9M b) During a busy hour, the number of calls per hour Qi for each of 10 cells is 2000, 1500,

3000, 500, 1000, 1200, 1800, 2500, 2800, 900. Assume that 60% of the car phones will be used during this period (η=0.6) and that one call is made per car phone. Find the total number of calls per hour. Also find the number of customers in the system.

6M

2. a) Describe co-channel interference reduction factor. Illustrate with mathematical equations.

9M

b) What is the motivation behind cell splitting? Describe two kinds of cell splitting techniques.

6M

Unit – II

3. a) Illustrate how the concept of lowering the antenna height affect the co-channel interference for different cases with relevant equations and figure.

7M

b) Illustrate the design of a directional antenna system for K=7 and K=4. Also compare both their performance.

8M

4. a) Explain the interference between systems in scenarios of one city and adjacent cities and how it can be reduced.

8M

b) Interpret the need of channel combiner. Illustrate is features and the different kinds of channel combiner with a neat figure.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain the propagation over water or flat open area and derive an expression for the received power and phase difference. Also examine the different conditions for different values of the received power.

9M

b) Describe and illustrate the following: i. Ground incident angle and ground elevation angle ii. In a mobile radio environment, the average cell-site antenna height is about 50m,

the mobile antenna height is about 3m, and the communication path length is 5km. Compute the incident and elevation angle.

Fig.1

6M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

6. a) Explain the different antennas and their configurations used for coverage at the cell site

and interference reduction with examples. 10M

b) Explain the patterns of any two Mobile antennas.

5M

Unit – IV

7. a) Describe the different non fixed channel assignment algorithms. 6M b) Illustrate the following techniques with respect to Fixed channel Assignment:

i. Adjacent-channel assignment ii. Channel sharing and borrowing iii. Sectorization iv. Underlay-overlay arrangement

9M

8. a) Explain the MAHO, soft handoff and Intersystem handoff. 7M b) Explain the Queuing of Handoffs, its parameters and the various cases to see the

improvement with relevant expression.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Illustrate the need and working of Radio resource management in GSM. 5M b) Explain the different channels and channel modes of GSM with relevant figures of their

structures.

10M

10. a) Explain the Mobility management of cellular systems and its steps in GSM with relevant figures and expressions.

10M

b) Explain the following terms related to CDMA: i. Code channel ii. Frame offset iii. Dim-and-burst iv. Hard HO v. Soft HO

5M




DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING




Unit – I

1. a) Interpret the various fundamental steps in digital image processing with a neat figure. 10M b) Illustrate the simple Image formation model with relevant expressions for the same.

5M

2. a) Illustrate the concepts of image sampling and quantization with relevant figure. 8M b) Demonstrate the following relationships between pixels with relevant expressions and

examples: i. Neighbors of a Pixel ii. Adjacency, Connectivity, Regions, and Boundaries

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Define Cosine Transform with relevant expressions and list out any Four properties of Cosine Transform.

7M

b) Define and Illustrate the use of Hotelling transform in image processing with the mathematical analysis and relevant expressions. Also describe any one application of Hotelling transform with an example.

8M

4. a) Illustrate the Walsh transform, its functionalities, properties and examples with relevant expressions.

7M

b) Define Slant transform and list out the properties of Slant transform.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Write a short note on sharpening spatial filter. 5M b) Perform histogram equalization of the image shown below:

4 4 4 4 4

3 4 5 4 3

3 5 5 5 3

3 4 5 4 3

4 4 4 4 4

10M

6. a) With the help of diagram, derive the expression for homomorphic filtering. 6M b) Define the following:

i. Logarithmic Transformation ii. Gamma Correction iii. Image negative

9M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain the model of image degradation/restoration model with relevant expression. 7M b) Write a short note on inverse filtering. 8M

Cont…2

::2::

8. a) What is the difference between image restoration and image enhancement? What do

they have in common? 7M

b) Explain the concept of pseudo-colour image processing.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) State and prove noiseless coding theorem. 7M b) Define the following:

i. Statistical Redundancy ii. Coding Redundancy iii. Psychovisual Redundancy

8M

10. a) Discuss about edge detection and edge linking methods. 7M b) Explain in detail about segmentation methods by morphological water sheds. 8M




OPERATING SYSTEMS




Unit – I

1. a) Describe the “Micro Kernel approach” to the design of an operating system and state its advantages.

6M

b) Describe the differences among short term, medium and long term scheduling.

9M

2. a) What is PCB? What are the contents of it? Explain use of PCB in operating system. 8M b) Discuss how threads are implemented in UNIX.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) What is semaphore? Give a solution to the readers-writers problem using semaphores. 9M b) Explain the Petersons solution to the critical section problem.

6M

4. a) Explain in detail how deadlocks can be prevented by denying hold and wait, no preemption and circular wait.

10M

b) Explain when deadlock occurs. Describe how the deadlock can be avoided using bankers algorithm.

5M

Unit – III

5. a) What is fragmentation? Explain the types of fragmentation. 6M b) Explain the Tree Structured Directory and Acyclic Graph Directory structures with their

advantages and disadvantages.

9M

6. a) Briefly explain the different ways of allocating disk spaces for storing files by operating system.

8M

b) Compare the contiguous and linked file allocation methods.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Describe host and network type disks attachment. 8M b) What are the means of implementation stable storage? Explain.

7M

8. a) With a neat diagram, explain the typical PC bus structures. 8M b) Explain concept of Polling and DMA.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) What is Access Matrix? Explain the implementation of the Access Matrix. 10M b) Explain about symmetric encryption.

5M

10. a) What is Access Control? 5M b) Explain about program threats. 10M




SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT

(Common to Computer Science and Engineering & Information Technology)



Unit – I

1. a) Discuss on Barry Boehm critics with the conventional software management performance.

10M

b) What are the key practices to improve the software quality?

5M

2. a) Describe the principles for modern software management. 10M b) Explain the five basic parameters of the software cost model.

5M

Unit – II

3. a) Describe the phases of life-cycle process. 10M b) List the activities involved in the software management team.

5M

4. a) Draw and discuss the workflow of iteration. 10M b) Write a note on primary evaluation criteria of inception phase.

5M

Unit – III

5. a) How do you classify the joint management reviews? Explain about minor milestones in detail.

10M

b) Write a short note on pragmatic planning.

5M

6. a) How the cost and schedule are estimated in the iterative process planning? 8M b) Bring out the significance of periodic status assessments.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Give the differences in artifacts between small and large projects. 10M b) Discuss on the seven core metrics.

5M

8. a) Discuss the role of metrics automation in project control and process instrumentation. 10M b) What is meant by process maturity? Give the process discriminators that result from

differences in process maturity.

5M

Unit – V

9. a) Describe the next generation cost models. 8M b) Discuss on Pragmatic Process improvement.

7M

10. a) Explain the basic difference between problem spaces versus solution space with respect to software cost model.

5M

b) Discuss what not to be asked by maturity questionnaire mapping to the CMM. 10M




SOFTWARE TESTING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE (Common to Computer Science and Engineering & Information Technology)



Unit – I

1. a) Demonstrate the phases in a tester’s mental life. 7M b) Describe that testing is not everything.

8M

2. a) Discuss the remedies for test bugs. 5M b) List out various dichotomies and explain.

10M

Unit – II

3. a) Define Transaction flow and discuss about Transaction flow testing techniques. 9M b) State and explain different data flow machine architectures.

6M

4. a) Explain different bugs that result in domain errors. 7M b) Discuss about ugly domains with suitable examples.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain with neat diagrams, the steps involved in node reduction procedure. 9M b) Describe distributive and absorption laws.

6M

6. a) What is decision table testing? Explain how these decision tables acts as a basis for test case design.

7M

b) Minimize the given expression using 4- variable K- Map: F(A, B, C, D)=M (0, 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 15)

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) What constitutes a good or a bad state graph? 6M b) Explain briefly transitive, reflexive and symmetric relations.

9M

8. a) Write about equivalence relation and pair ordering relation. 7M b) Illustrate matrix powers and products.

8M

Unit – V

9. Write in detail about QTP tools for functional testing.

15M

10. a) Write about data driven testing. 8M b) Explain how to test the HTTP load on the webserver for a web application. 7M



(Regulations: VCE-R11/11A)

WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMPUTING (Computer Science and Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) How is Intra-satellite handover different from Inter-satellite handover? 7M b) Describe the protocol architecture of IEEE 802.11.

8M

2. a) Describe IEEE 802.11 physical-layer frame format using Frequency hopping spread spectrum.

8M

b) Describe the working of DFWMAC-DCF with RTS/CTS extension.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) What are the applications of Mobile Computing? 5M b) Explain different types of logical channels.

10M

4. a) Mention the differences between different MAC layer mechanisms. 8M b) Explain different types of GSM mobile services.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) How does Mobile Node register its CoA with the Home Agent? 6M b) How does a client get registered using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol?

9M

6. a) Discuss the security issues in MANETs. 6M b) How does Indirect TCP differ from Snooping TCP?

9M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain following terms: i. Physical context ii Computing context iii. User context iv. Temporal context v. Structural context

7M

b) With diagram explain pull-based data delivery mechanism.

8M

8. a) Explain directory–based method of selective tuning. 7M b) Explain Stateful asynchronous and Stateless asynchronous mechanisms.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Discuss about Wireless Datagram Protocol. 7M b) How are Bluetooth 3.0 and 4.0 different from their previous versions?

8M

10. a) Describe the functions of link manager in physical layer of Bluetooth protocol. 8M b) Describe the basic features of Bluetooth. 7M




DATA MINING AND DATA WAREHOUSING




Unit – I

1. a) Distinguish between the following. For each of these pairs of tasks, how are they similar? i. Discrimination and classification ii. Characterization and clustering iii. Classification and prediction

12M

b) What are the value ranges of the following normalization methods? i. Min-max normalization ii. z-score normalization iii. Normalization by decimal scaling

3M

2. a) List and describe any three primitives for specifying a data mining task. 9M b) In real-world data, tuples with missing values for some attributes are a common

occurrence. Describe various methods for handling this problem.

6M

Unit – II

3. a) How is a data warehouse different from a database? How are they similar? 7M b) Briefly compare Enterprise warehouse, data mart, and virtual warehouse.

8M

4. Suppose that a data warehouse for Big University consists of the following four dimensions: student, course, semester, and instructor, and two measures count and avg grade. When at the lowest conceptual level (e.g., for a given student, course, semester, and instructor combination), the avg grade measure stores the actual course grade of the student. At higher conceptual levels, avg grade stores the average grade for the given combination: i. Draw a snowflake schema diagram for the data warehouse ii. Starting with the base cuboid [student; course; semester; instructor], what specific OLAP

operations (e.g., roll-up from semester to year) should one perform in order to list the average grade of CS courses for each Big University student

iii. If each dimension has -ve levels (including all), such as “student < major < status < university < all" how many cuboids will this cube contain (including the base and apex cuboids)

15M

Unit – III

5. a) What are pattern space pruning constraints and data space pruning constraints? 6M b) A database has 5 transactions. Let min sup = 60% and min conf = 80%:

TID Items_bought

T100 T200 T300 T400 T500

M, O, N, K, E, Y D, O, N, K, E, Y M, A, K, E M, U, C, K, Y C, O, O, K, I, E

Find all frequent itemsets using Apriori.

9M

Cont…2

::2::

6. a) Give an outline of Apriori algorithm. 8M b) Consider the following data. Draw the FP-tree corresponding to this data (include counts

and all nodes, even if the nodes are infrequent): i. a, c, d, e ii. b, c, d iii. a, b, d, e iv. a, c, d, e v. b, c, d, e vi. b, d, e vii. c, d viii. a, c, e ix. a, d, e x. b, d

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain briefly about naive Bayesian classification. 7M b) Briefly describe the Rough Set Approach and Fuzzy Set Approaches in classification

methods.

8M

8. a) Explain the k Nearest Neighbor classifier. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of eager classification versus lazy classification.

10M

b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Lazy classification. 5M

Unit – V

9. a) Describe the index-based algorithm and Nested –loop algorithm used in distance-based outlier detection.

6M

b) Given two objects represented by the tuples (22, 1, 42, 10) and (20, 0, 36, 8): i. Compute the Euclidean distance between the two objects ii. Compute the Manhattan distance between the two objects iii. Compute the Minkowski distance between the two objects, using p=3

9M

10. Briefly describe the following approaches to clustering: i. Partitioning methods ii. Hierarchical methods iii. Density based methods iv. Grid based methods

15M




IMAGE PROCESSING

(Computer Science and Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Discuss the process of zooming and shrinking digital images using sampling and quantization.

7M

b) Explain the following: i. Neighbors of a pixel ii. Adjacency of pixels

8M

2. a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of WALSH transform and DCT? 8M b) List the properties of discrete Fourier Transform.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the basics of spatial filtering in detail. 7M b) Define histogram. Discuss histogram processing in detail.

8M

4. a) With necessary equations, Explain histogram equalization technique for image enhancement.

7M

b) Mention the features of homomorphic filtering. Derive the transformation of the same.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) What is meant by error-free compression? Explain the variable length coding. 5M b) Explain the need for image compression. How run length encoding approach is used for

compression? Is it lossy? Justify.

10M

6. a) List the standards of image compression. 6M b) Describe the process of lossy predictive compression method with a neat block diagram.

9M

Unit – IV

7. a) Discuss in detail about the threshold selection based on boundary characteristics. 8M b) What is meant by image segmentation? Mention the applications of image

segmentation.

7M

8. a) Discuss the principle of image segmentation by watershed transformation and explain its drawbacks.

7M

b) Explain the concept of thresholding in image segmentation and discuss its merits and limitations.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) What is pseudo color image processing? Explain the intensity slicing method with a neat diagram.

9M

b) Analyze the pruning problem and develop a morphological solution for the same.

6M

10. a) Explain the process of colour image quantization with relevant examples. 9M b) Define the term ‘Image Morphology’. Explain the process of boundary extraction. 6M




DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEMS




Unit – I

1. a) Discuss performance and reliability with respect to distributed systems. 8M b) Write a note on bus-based multiprocessor and switched multiprocessor.

7M

2. a) Differentiate between multiprocessor and multicomputer. 7M b) Describe the role of Network Operating Systems in distributed systems.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Describe the layers of OSI model with a neat figure. 10M b) What is ATM? What are the different classes of traffic in ATM?

5M

4. a) Differentiate between connection oriented and connectionless protocol. 5M b) What are the different classes of failures that can occur in RPC systems? Explain.

10M

Unit – III

5. a) Discuss the four essential properties of transactions. 9M b) When a private workspace is used to implement transactions on files, it may happen

that a large number of file indices must be copied back to the parent’s workspace. How can this be done without introducing race conditions?

6M

6. a) For some ultrasensitive applications it is conceivable that stable storage implemented with two disks is not reliable enough. Can the idea be extended to three disks? If so, how would it work? If not, why not?

9M

b) Explain Bully algorithm. 6M

Unit – IV

7. a) With a suitable example, explain how scalability of distributed system has effect on the distributed file system.

8M

b) What is replication? Discuss the need for it. 7M

8. a) What are the reasons for file replication in distributed systems? What is the key issue relating to replication?

8M

b) Write an note on: i. File attributes ii. Immutable files iii. Capability

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Discuss release consistence with reference to distributed shared memory. List out the conditions for entry consistency.

8M

b) Differentiate between NUMA and NORMA.

7M

10. a) How caching is done in shared memory? Explain. 8M b) Define an object, object state and methods. What advantage does object-based

distributed shared memory has over other methods? 7M




NETWORK SECURITY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY

(Information Technology)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain in detail about different active and passive attacks. 8M b) What are the basic principles of rotor machine? Explain it with a neat diagram.

7M

2. a) What is a symmetric cipher model? Explain simple substitution techniques with an example.

8M

b) Draw the model for network security? Explain in detail about it.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) State and prove Fermat’s theorem and Euler’s theorem. 9M b) Solve 4x ≡ 2 (mod 6); 3x ≡ 5 (mod 8).using CRT.

6M

4. a) Illustrate the general depiction of DES encryption algorithm? Explain in detail. 7M b) List out NIST evaluation criteria for AES. Explain Triple DES with two keys.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) With relevant diagram explain Public key Authority. 6M b) Explain about Secure Hash algorithm in detail.

9M

6. a) What is a MAC function? Illustrate the different way of obtaining Authentication, confidentiality and combination of authentication and confidentiality.

6M

b) Obtain the cipher text using RSA algorithm for given p = 17, q=11, e =7, M=88 verify the plain text by decrypting the cipher text.

9M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain PGP message generation and reception with block diagram. 10M b) List the advantages of MIME and explain different header fields defined in MIME.

5M

8. a) With a neat diagram, explain PGP cryptographic functions. 10M b) Explain Oakley key determination Protocol.

5M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the need for Trusted systems. 7M b) What is the use of SSL protocol? Explain SSL Record protocol operation with SSL Record

format.

8M

10. a) What are the different types of viruses? How do they get into systems? 8M b) Explain SSL protocol stack format. 7M




MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT THROUGH J2ME

(Information Technology)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain J2ME and Wireless Devices. 6M

b) Briefly discuss about Wireless Technology of Small Computing devices.

9M

2. a) Explain in detail about Mobile Radio Networks. 10M b) Elaborate function and features of Personal Digital Assistance.

5M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain J2ME Architecture with neat diagram. 7M b) Write step by step procedure of developing a MIDIet of J2ME.

8M

4. a) Explain how Multiple MIDIets are distributed in a single MIDIet suite. 7M b) List and explain best Practices and Patterns of J2ME.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) State the process of how Exceptions are Handled in J2ME with example. 8M b) Explain Command class and Types of commands.

7M

6. a) What is high-level display feature-ticker class? Explain in detail. 8M b) Explain about low-level display Canvas class.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Write a Java program that creates a JAD file while automating the operations create, close and remove a record store.

8M

b) Which application program interface will enumerate the operations like sort, search and otherwise manipulate information stored in persistence? Explain it.

7M

8. a) Explain in detail about Updating Tables in J2ME using Embedded SQL. 10M b) List and explain built-in calculation functions of DBMS.

5M

Unit – V

9. a) List and explain GCF Connection Classes in detail. 7M b) Explain in detail about HTTP in J2ME.

8M

10. a) How to run an application as a background process? Illustrate with a program. 10M b) Explain cookies briefly. 5M




POWER SYSTEM SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION

(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the construction and working of a SF6 circuit breaker. Also enumerate the properties of SF6 gas which make it a good dielectric and arc quenching medium.

10M

b) In a short circuit test on a circuit breaker, the following readings obtained on a frequency transient: i. Time to reach the peak restriking voltage 70µ-sec ii. The peak restriking voltage 100kV Calculate the average rate of rise of restriking voltage and the natural frequency of the circuit.

5M

2. a) With a neat sketch, explain the construction and working of vacuum circuit breaker. 10M b) A 3 phase circuit breaker is rated at 1250A, 2000MVA, 33kV, 4 seconds. Find the rated

symmetrical breaking current, making current and short time rating.

5M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the construction and principle of operation of an induction cup armature type relay.

7M

b) With torque equations, describe the operating principle of an impedance relay. Plot the Characteristics on V-I and R-X diagrams.

8M

4. a) What are differential relays? With a circuit diagram, explain the operation of a basic differential relay under normal and various fault conditions.

8M

b) How is a static relay different from electromechanical relay? List the merits and demerits of a static relay.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) With a neat sketch explain inter-turn protection for generators using zero sequence voltage.

8M

b) With a neat sketch briefly explain the scheme for earth fault protection of a power transformer.

7M

6. a) With a neat sketch explain the working of percentage differential protection scheme for a star-delta transformer.

7M

b) The neutral point of a three phase 20MVA, 11KV alternator is earthed through a resistance of 5Ω, the relay is set to operate when there is an out of balance current of 1.5A. The CTs have a ratio of 1000/5. What percentage of winding is protected against an earth fault and what should be the minimum value of earthing resistance to protect 90% of the winding?

8M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – IV

7. a) Draw the Lattice diagram for an open circuited line fed from an ideal source and explain. 7M b) A surge of 100kV travelling in a line of neutral impedance 600Ω arrives at a junction of

two lines of impedance 800Ω and 200Ω respectively. Find the surge voltages and currents transmitted into each of the branch lines.

8M

8. a) Explain with a Bewley’s lattice diagram how terminating a line with a resistance influences the nature of travelling waves on the line.

8M

b) A line of surge impedance 400Ω is charged from a battery of constant voltage 135V. The line is 300m long and is terminated in a resistance of 200Ω. Plot the reflection lattice and the voltage across the terminating resistor.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) With a neat sketch explain valve type lightning arrester. 10M b) Briefly discuss solidly grounded system.

5M

10. a) What are the causes for over-voltages in a power system? 7M b) Describe with a neat diagram, the construction and operation of a zinc oxide lightning

arrestor. 8M




POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DRIVES

(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Derive an expression to express torque of a separately excited dc motor in terms of speed and other machine parameters.

7M

b) A 230V, 500rpm, 100A, separately excited motor has an armature resistance of 0.1Ω. The motor is driving, under rated conditions, a load whose torque is constant and independent of speed. The speed below the rated speed are obtained with armature voltage control and speed above the rated speed are obtained by field control. By what amount should the flux be reduced to get a motor speed of 800rpm? Neglect motor rotational losses.

8M

2. a) With appropriate diagrams, explain the multiquadrant operation of a separately excited dc motor when controlled by a three phase semiconverter.

8M

b) A DC separately excited motor is running at 800rpm driving a load whose torque is constant. Motor armature current is 500A. The armature resistance drop and rotational losses are negligible. Magnetic circuit can be assumed to be linear. Calculate motor speed and armature current if terminal voltage is reduced to 50% and field current is reduced to 80%.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Draw the block diagram of a closed loop controlled chopper fed dc drive and briefly explain the function of each block.

7M

b) A 220V, 970rpm, 100A DC separately excited motor has an armature resistance of 0.05Ω. It is braked by plugging from an initial speed of 1000rpm. Find: Resistance to be place in armature circuit to limit braking current to twice the full load value: i. Braking torque ii. Torque when the speed has fallen to zero

8M

4. a) In your opinion, which of the braking method is efficient for controlling a dc motor? Justify your opinion with arguments.

7M

b) A 500V DC shunt motor taking an armature current of 240A while running at 800rpm is braked by disconnecting the armature from the supply and closing it on a resistance of 2.02Ω. The field excitation remains constant. The armature resistance is 0.5Ω. Find: i. The initial braking current ii. The torque at 600rpm as a percentage of torque at 800rpm

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Compare CSI fed drives with VSI fed drives. 7M b) With a neat circuit diagram and waveform, discuss about the stepped wave voltage

source inverter (VSI) fed induction motor drive. 8M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

6. a) Explain how the speed of an induction motor changes when the stator voltage is varied. 7M b) A star connected squirrel cage induction motor has the following ratings and parameters:

400V, 50Hz, 4-pole, 1370rpm, Rs=2Ω, Rr’=3Ω, Xs=Xr’=3.5Ω. Motor is controlled by a voltage source inverter at constant V/f ratio. Inverter allows frequency variation from 10 to 50Hz. Calculate starting torque and current of this drive as a ratio of their values when motor is started at rated voltage and frequency.

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) What do you understand by slip power recovery scheme in induction motor drive? Draw the drive circuit for static Kramer drive of field control with diode bridge rectifier.

8M

b) A three phase, 400V, 6-pole, 50Hz delta connected slip ring induction motor has rotor resistance of 0.2Ω and leakage reactance of 1Ω per phase referred to stator. When driving a fan load it runs at full load at 4% slip. What resistance must be inserted in the rotor circuit to obtain a speed of 850rpm? Neglect stator impedance and magnetizing branch. Stator to rotor turns ratio is 2.2.

7M

8. a) Mention the advantages of rotor side control methods over stator control methods for an induction motor drive. Draw and explain the N/T curves of rotor resistance control of 3-phase induction motor.

7M

b) A 440V, 50Hz, 970RPM, 6-pole, Y-connected, 3-phase wound rotor induction motor has following parameters referred to the stator: Rs=0.1Ω, Rr’=0.08Ω, Xs=0.3Ω, Xr’=0.4Ω. The stator to rotor turns ratio is 2. Motor speed is controlled by Static Scherbius Drive. Drive is designed for a speed range of 25% below the synchronous speed. Maximum value of firing angle is 165o. Calculate: i. Transformer turns ratio ii. DC link current Id for a speed of 780RPM and firing angle 1400

8M

Unit – V

9. a) With a neat block diagram, explain the operation of self-controlled synchronous motor drive employing a load commutated thyristor inverters.

7M

b) A 3-Phase, 230V, 60Hz, 4-pole, Star connected reluctance motor has Xd=22.5Ω and Xq=3.5Ω. The armature resistance is negligible. The load torque is 12.5N-Mt. The voltage to frequency ratio is maintained constant at the rated value. If the supply frequency is 60Hz, determine: i. The torque angle ii. Line current 'Ia'

8M

10. a) Draw and explain the block diagram of VSI fed synchronous motor drive. 7M b) A 6MW, 3-phase, 11kV, Y-connected, 6-pole, 50Hz, 0.9pf (leading) synchronous motor has

Xs=9Ω and Rs=0. Rated field current is 50A. Machine is controlled by variable frequency control at constant V/f ratio up to the base speed and at constant voltage above base speed. Find the torque and field current for the rated armature current, 750rpm and 0.8 pf(leading).

8M




INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS (Mechanical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Sketch the schematic of a generalized measuring system. Explain the function of the various elements.

7M

b) Explain the difference between: i. Input and output ii. Measurand and measurement

8M

2. a) Explain the terms random error, systematic error and loading error. 7M b) Describe the principle of operation of a piezo electric transducer. Identify the input and

the output of the system.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) With a neat sketch explain the working of Bourdon tube pressure gauge. 8M b) Explain the working of Pirani pressure gauge with a neat sketch.

7M

4. a) Compare and contrast the direct and indirect methods of levels measurements. 7M b) Why rotameter is called variable area flow meter? Sketch and explain its working.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Describe with sketch the basic principle of working of a stroboscope for speed measurement.

8M

b) How is a mechanical tachometer different from a non-contact type tachometer?

7M

6. a) With a neat diagram, explain the electrical type tachometer. 8M b) Explain the function of an accelerometer in the context of sensitive seismic

instrumentation.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) What are thermocouples and explain the laws govern the functioning of thermocouple. 8M b) Explain the working of optical pyrometer with a neat sketch.

7M

8. a) Distinguish between bonded and non-bonded type of resistance strain gauge. 8M b) With a neat sketch explain electrical resistance thermometer. 7M

Unit – V

9. a) With a neat diagram explain the working of a Dew point meter. 8M b) What is meant by servo mechanism? Explain its significance.

7M

10. a) With a neat diagram explain the working of a speed control system. 8M b) Write a neat diagram and explain the working of absorption psychrometer. 7M




REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (Mechanical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain Air refrigeration system working on Bell-Coleman cycle with P-V and T-S diagrams.

6M

b) A Bell-Coleman refrigerator operates between pressure limits of 1 bar and 8 bar. Air is drawn from the cold chamber at 90C, Compressed and then it is cooled to 290C before entering the expansion cylinder. Expansion and compression follows the law

PV1.35=constant. Calculate the theoretical COP of the system. For air take =1.4, Cp=1.003kJ/kg.K.

9M

2. a) List the advantages and disadvantages of air refrigeration system. 6M b) An air refrigeration open system operating between 1Mpa and 100kpa is required to

produce a cooling effect of 2000 kJ/min. Temperature of the air leaving the cold chamber is -5oC and at leaving the cooler is 300C. Neglect losses and clearance in the compressor and expander. Determine: i. Mass of air circulated per minute ii. Compressor work, expander work, cycle work iii. C.O.P and power in kW required

9M

Unit – II

3. a) Distinguish between vapour compression refrigeration system and vapour absorption refrigeration system.

6M

b) A simple vapour compression plant produces 5 tonnes of refrigeration. The enthalpy values at inlet to compressor, at exit from the compressor and at exit from the condenser are 183.19, 209.41 and 74.59kJ/kg respectively. Estimate: i. The refrigerant flow rate ii. The C.O.P. iii. The power required to drive the compressor iv. The rate of heat rejection to the condenser

9M

4. a) Explain with a flow diagram, the working of vapour absorption refrigeration system. 7M b) Explain the effect of sub cooling and superheating on the performance of vapour

compression refrigeration system.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Classify the Evaporators used in refrigeration system and explain the working of flooded type Evaporator with a neat diagram.

7M

b) List the different types of expansion devices and explain constant pressure expansion valve with a sketch.

8M

6. a) Explain with a sketch, the working of steam jet refrigeration system. 8M b) List the commonly used refrigerants in practice and explain in detail desirable chemical

properties of refrigerants. 7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – IV

7. a) Sketch the psychrometric chart and represent the different psychrometric properties on the same.

6M

b) Calculate the following when the DBT is 350C, WBT is 230C and the barometer reads 750mm Hg: i. Relative humidity ii. Humidity ratio iii. DPT iv. Density v. Enthalpy of atmospheric air

9M

8. a) Define the following: i. WBT ii. Absolute humidity iii. Degree of saturation iv. Adiabatic saturation temperature v. Saturated air

5M

b) Atmospheric air having DBT=160C and RH=25% is passed through a furnace and then through a humidifier to maintain a final DBT of 300C and 50% R.H. Find the heat and moisture added to the air during the process. Also calculate the sensible heat factor of the process.

10M

Unit – V

9. a) Briefly explain the requirements of comfort air conditioning. 10M b) What is meant by Effective temperature? List the factors governing optimum effective

temperature.

5M

10. a) What do you understand by Grills and Registers? Explain any two factors which affect Grill performance.

7M

b) Classify the heat pump circuits and explain air-air heat pump circuit with a neat diagram. 8M




AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (Mechanical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) What is Turbo charging? Explain with a neat sketch. 7M b) With neat sketches, explain the different types of chassis construction.

8M

2. a) With a neat sketch, explain the working of splash lubrication system. 5M b) List out the components mounted on chassis. Discuss the various drives for power.

10M

Unit – II

3. a) With a neat sketch explain the working of mechanical fuel pump. 8M b) Explain Petrol injection with sketches.

7M

4. a) What are the requirements of a good diesel injection system? 7M b) Explain the working of Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technique.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) What is heat balance sheet? Draw an approximate heat balance sheet of an IC engine. 8M b) Write short notes on “Overheating” and “Overcooling”.

7M

6. a) Explain batteryless ignition system with a neat sketch. 8M b) What the different types of Ignition advance systems? Explain anyone with a neat sketch.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Write short notes on propeller shaft. Explain Hotchkiss drive system with a neat sketch. 8M b) Explain the construction of a tyre.

7M

8. a) Explain the working of a tandem cylinder with a neat sketch. 7M b) Give a brief explanation about ABS and Traction control.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain Davis steering mechanism with a neat sketch. 9M b) Explain the terms toe-in, toe-out and camber.

6M

10. a) What are the objectives of suspension system? 5M b) Explain rigid axle suspension system with a neat sketch. 10M




OPERATIONS RESEARCH (Mechanical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) List the major phases involved in operational research. 6M b) A company owns 2 oil mills A and B which have different production capacities for low,

High and medium grade oil. The company enters into a contract to supply oil to a firm every week with 12, 8, 24 barrels of each grade respectively. It costs the company Rs 1000 and Rs 800 per day to run the mills A and B. On a day A produces 6, 2, 4 barrels of each grade and B produces 2, 2, 12 barrels of each grade. Formulate an LPP to determine number of days per week each mill will be operated in order to meet the contract Economically.

9M

2. a) State the applications of Linear Programming Techniques. 3M b) Solve by Simplex Method:

1 2Maximize Z=80x +55x

Subject to

1 24x +2x 40

1 22x +4x 32

and 1 2x 0, x 0

12M

Unit – II

3. a) Four different jobs can be done on four different machines and take down time costs are prohibitively high for change overs. The matrix below gives the cost in rupees of producing job on machine j:

Jobs Machine

M1 M2 M3 M4

J1 5 7 11 6

J2 8 5 9 6

J3 4 7 10 7

J4 10 4 8 3

How the jobs should be assigned to the various machines so that the total cost is minimized?

8M

b) Job shop needs to assign 4 jobs to 4 workers. The cost of performing a job is a function of the skills of the workers. Table summarizes the cost of the assignments. Worker1 cannot do job3, and worker 3 cannot do job 4. Determine the optimal assignment using the Hungarian method:

Job

Worker

1 2 3 4

1 Rs. 50 Rs. 50 -- Rs. 20

2 Rs. 70 Rs. 40 Rs. 20 Rs. 30

3 Rs. 90 Rs. 30 Rs. 50 --

4 Rs. 70 Rs. 20 Rs. 60 Rs. 70

7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

4. a) What is the difference between transportation and assignment problems? 8M b) Three jobs A B C are to be assigned to three machines x Y Z. The processing costs are as

given in the matrix shown below. Find the allocation which will minimize the overall processing cost:

Jobs

X Y Z

A 19 28 31

B 11 17 16

C 12 15 13

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain characteristics of queuing models. 5M b) In a self service store with one cashier, 8 customers arrive on an average of every 5mins.

and the cashier can serve 10 in 5mins. If both arrival and service time are exponentially distributed, then determine: i. Average number of customer waiting in the queue for average ii. Expected waiting time in the queue iii. What is the probability of having more than 6 customers In the system

10M

6. a) Explain the applications of queuing model. 7M b) A T.V repairman repair the sets in the order in which they arrive and expects that the

time required to repair a set has an ED with mean 30mins. The sets arrive in a Poisson fashion at an average rate of 10/8 hrs a day. i. What is the expected idle time/day for the repairman ii. How many TV sets will be there awaiting for the repair

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) State the Reasons for replacement. 3M b) An auto rickshaw driver finds from his previous records that the cost/year of running an

auto rickshaw whose purchase the cost/year of running an auto rickshaw whose purchase price is Rs. 7000/- is as follows:

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Maintenance Cost 1100 1300 1500 1900 2400 2900 3500 4100

Resale Value 3100 1600 850 475 300 300 300 300

12M

8. a) State the cost involved in inventory. 3M b) The annual demand for a product is 3,600 units with an average of 12 units per day. The

lead-time is 10 days. The ordering cost per order is Rs.10 and the annual carrying cost is 25% of the value of the inventory. The price of the product per unit is Rs.3.00: i. What will be the EOQ ii. Find the purchase cycle time iii. Find the total inventory cost per year iv. If the safety stock of 100-units is considered necessary, what will be the reorder level

and the total annual cost of inventory which will be relevant to inventory decision

12M

Unit – V

9. a) What are the essential features of game theory? 7M b) Write a short note on followings:

i. Two Persons Zero-sum Game ii. n-persons game iii. Pay offs iv. Payoff Matrix

8M

10. a) What is pure and mixed strategy? Explain. 5M b) Solve the following game graphically:

1 2 3 4 5

1 -5 5 0 -1 8 A 2 8 -4 -1 6 -5

10M




HEAT TRANSFER

(Aeronautical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) State and explain Fourier’s law for heat transfer. Mention the assumptions on which it is based.

6M

b) Derive the general heat conduction equation in cylindrical coordinates.

9M

2. a) Explain briefly the mechanism of conduction, convection and radiation heat transfer. 6M b) A carbon steel plate (k= 45W/m0C) 600mmX900mmX25mm is maintained at 3100C. Air

at 150C blows over the hot plate. If convection heat transfer coefficient h=22 W/m2 0C and 250W is lost from the plate surface by radiation, calculate the inside plate temperature.

9M

Unit – II

3. a) Define the overall heat transfer coefficient. Obtain the expression composite wall with three layer with convective conditions over the wall.

5M

b) Determine the overall heat transfer coefficient and steady state heat transfer through a double pane window, 0.8m high, 1.5m wide, consisting of two 4mm thick glass layers (k=0.78W/mK), separated by a 10mm thick stagnant layer of air (k=0.026W/mK). Inside room air temperature is at 200C and convective heat transfer coefficient=10W/m2K. Outside air temperature is -100C and convective heat transfer coefficient=40W/m2K.

10M

4. a) What are Heisler charts? Explain their significance in solving transient conduction problems.

7M

b) A cylinder 5cm diameter and 50cm long is provided with 14 longitudinal straight fins of 1mm thick and 2.5mm height. Calculate the heat loss from cylinder if the surface temperature of the cylinder is 2000C. Take h=25W/m2K, k=80W/mK and ambient air temperature is 450C. .

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Discuss the concept of velocity boundary layer and thermal boundary layer, with reference to fluid flow over a flat plate.

6M

b) Air at atmospheric pressure and 2000C flows over a plate with a velocity of 5m/s. The plate is 15mm wide and is maintained at a temperature of 1200C. Calculate the thickness of hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers and the local heat transfer coefficient at a distance of 0.5m from the leading edge. Assume that flow is on one side of the plate. Take ρ=0.815 kg/m3, µ=24.5 x 10-6 Ns/m2, Pr=0.7 and K=0.0364 W/m K.

9M

6. a) Distinguish between natural and forced convection heat transfer. 5M b) When 0.6kg of water per minute is passed through a tube of 2cm diameter, it is found to

be heated from 20oC to 60oC. The heating is achieved by condensing steam on the surface of the tube and subsequently the surface temperature of the tube is maintained at 90o C. Determine the length of the tube required for fully developed flow.

10M

Unit – IV

7. a) Distinguish between film wise condensation and drop wise condensation. 5M b) Steam at 1000C is condensing on a pipe of diameter 20cm and its surface maintained at a

temperature of 900C. If pipe is vertical how long must it be condense 100kg of steam per hour. Take properties of condensing water at mean temperature.

10M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

8. a) Derive LMTD expression for Parallel flow heat exchanger. 5M b) Air enters a cooler at 1450C and 6.5m/sec and is brought to 450C by passing through

tubes of 10mm diameter surrounded by water which enters the cooler at 150C and leaves at 300C. Assuming the heat extended is counter flow. Find the length of the pipe required if the waterside heat transfer coefficient is 200W/m2K. Take properties of condensing air at mean temperature.

10M

Unit – V

9. a) State and proof Kirchoff’s law of radiation. 8M b) Transmissivity of silica glass is 0.92 in the wavelength range of 3.5 to 2.7µm. The glass is

opaque at longer and shorter wave lengths. Determine the % of solar radiation transmitted by the glass. Assume that the sun radiates at 5600 K as a black body.

7M

10. a) Explain radiation heat exchange in three zone enclosures. 7M b) The net radiation from the surface of two parallel plates maintained at temperatures T1

and T2 is to be reduced by 79 times. Calculate the number shields to be placed between two surfaces to achieve this reduction in heat exchange, assuming emissivity of shields as 0.05 and that of surfaces as 0.8.

8M




VIBRATIONS AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS

(Aeronautical Engineering)



UNIT – I

1. Calculate the natural frequency of the system shown in Fig.1, if the mass of the rod is negligible compared to the mass ‘m’.

Fig.1

15M

2. a) Find the natural frequency of the system shown in Fig.2.

Fig.2

10M

b) The amplitude of the vibration of the system, shown in Fig.3, is observed to decrease to 25% of the initial value after 5 consecutive cycles of motion. Determine the damping co-efficient ‘c’ of the system if k=35 N/cm and the mass weight 45N.

Fig.3

5M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

UNIT – II

3. For the system shown in Fig.4, find out the natural frequencies of vibration and the principal mode of vibration. Take stiffness value equal to K

Fig.4

15M

4. Find the natural frequencies and mode shapes for the torsional system shown in Fig.5, for I1=I, I2=2I and kt1=kt2=kt.

Fig.5

15M

UNIT – III

5. Derive an expression for the natural frequencies of vibration of uniform beam clamped at one end and free at the other end.

15M

6. Obtain the natural frequencies of the system shown in the Fig.6, using Eigen value method.

Fig.6

15M

UNIT – IV

7. Describe Rayleigh-Ritz method as approximate method in the determination of natural frequency.

15M

8. Find the lowest natural frequency of vibration for the system shown in Fig.7, by Rayleigh’s method. Take E = 1.96 x 1011 N/m2, I = 4 x 10-7 m4.

15M

Fig.7

UNIT – V

9. a) What are continuous systems? Explain briefly. 5M b) Derive an expression for frequency of a vibrating string of mass ‘’ length ‘l’

under tension ‘T’.

10M

10. Describe transient response analysis of modal equations using Duhamel’s integrals. 15M




FINITE ELEMENTS METHODS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

(Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Write the Engineering applications of FEM. 8M b) Explain about energy principles.

7M

2. a) Discuss the various points to be considered while discretizing a structure for finite element analysis.

6M

b) Using the principle of minimum potential energy derive the expressions for consistent loads for body forces and surface forces.

9M

Unit – II

3. Determine the nodal displacement and element stresses for the stepped bar loaded as shown in Fig.1. P1=100kN and P2=75kN. The details of each section of the bar is shown in table:

Portion Material E(GPa) Area(mm2)

A Steel 200 1200

B Aluminium 70 800

Fig.1

15M

4. Derive the strain displacement matrix for 2-noded beam element.

15M

Unit – III

5. Derive the stiffness matrix for a three noded constant strain triangular element.

15M

6. a) Explain plane stress, plane strain condition. Derive the stress-strain connectivity matrices in both the cases.

10M

b) Explain various methods of determination of shape functions.

5M

Unit – IV

7. a) Derive stiffness matrix for a four nodded rectangular element. 8M b) Derive stiffness matrix for a CST elements by direct approach.

7M

Cont…2

::2::

8. a) Explain “Lagrange elements “for a two dimensional element. 6M b) Determine the Cartesian coordinates of the point P which has local coordinates ‘r’=0.8

and ‘s’=0.6 shown in Fig.2 below:

Fig.2

9M

Unit – V

9. Explain the formulation and computation of element properties for a four noded two dimensional element using isoparametric approach.

15M

10. Explain the derivation of stiffness matrix, body force and surface forces for axi-symmetry elements.

15M




ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-II (Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Differentiate primary and secondary air pollutants giving examples. 7M b) Differentiate point source, area source and line source of air pollutants giving examples.

8M

2. a) What are emission standards? Explain briefly their utility for air pollution control. 7M b) Identify the sources of noise pollution and suggest the noise pollution control measures.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) List methods of defluoridation? Explain any one method of defluoridation. 7M b) With a sketch explain the reverse osmosis process giving salient points of the process.

8M

4. a) Discuss the application of ion exchange process giving the advantages and disadvantages. 7M b) What are the objectives of using adsorption process in water treatment? List the

disadvantages of the adsorption process.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) What is meant by strength reduction of waste water? Explain different methods of strength reduction of industrial waste water.

7M

b) Explain different methods of neutralization of industrial waste water.

8M

6. a) What is proportioning of waste water? Why should it be practiced in waste water treatment?

7M

b) Discuss the nitrification process practiced in waste water treatment giving equations.

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain determination of density and moisture content of solid waste and state their applications.

7M

b) With a sketch explain disposal of solid waste in landfill.

8M

8. a) Enumerate the factors influencing composting of solid waste and explain two methods of composting practiced.

7M

b) Discuss the use of incineration technology for treatment of solid waste.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Write notes on the following: i. Intermediate and low level of nuclear wastes ii. Disposal of nuclear waste

8M

b) Write about the risk involved in biological or biomedical waste and their treatment.

7M

10. a) How to dispose hazardous waste? 8M b) What is the clear meaning of chemical hazardous waste? How we dispose chemical

wastes? 7M




PROJECT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT (Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) What are the steps involved in Project Management by PERT/CPM networks? 7M b) What is Milestone Chart? What are its advantages and disadvantages?

8M

2. a) What is Dummy activity? Why do we use Dummy activity while constructing project networks? Show it in a project network.

7M

b) Explain the terms Network, Activity, Event, Merge and Burst events, preceding, succeeding and concurrent activities.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Develop the Network for the following Project and determine the following: i. Critical Path ii. ES,EF,LS,LF iii. TF,FF

Activity Duration

1-2 14

1-4 3

2-3 7

2-4 0

3-5 4

4-5 3

5-6 10

8M

b) Build the Network for the following project and calculate the probability of completing the project in 25 days.

Activity to tm tp

1-2 2 6 10

1-3 4 8 12

2-3 2 4 6

2-4 2 3 4

3-4 0 0 0

3-5 3 6 9

4-6 6 10 14

5-6 1 3 5

7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

4. a) Characterize all types of floats, earliest start time and latest start time. Give its

relationship with respect to each other. 7M

b) Suppose a robot building firm plans the following project. Draw the network and find the Critical path.

Project Activity Immediate predecessor Activity duration

In days

a Design a new robot - 20

b Build prototype units a 10

c Test prototypes b 8

d Estimate material costs a 11

e Refine Robot design c, d 7

f Demonstrate Robot to customer e 6

g Estimate labor costs d 12

h Prepare technical proposal e 13

i Deliver proposal to customer g, h 5

8M

Unit – III

5. a) What is resource levelling in a Project? State its importance. 7M b) Differentiate resource levelling and smoothing.

8M

6. a) What is Crashing in Project? Discuss common methods of crashing. 7M b) Define “Normal Time, Crash Time, Normal Cost and Crash cost” in a project and define

cost slope. For the project schedule given below, determine the cost slope, normal duration and cost and least duration and the cost. Assume ONLY ONE day’s crash is allowed.

Activity Normal Time days

Normal Cost Rs.

Crash Time Rs.

Crash Cost Rs.

1-2 5 500 4 600

2-3 10 1200 6 2000

3-4 13 3600 11 4800

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) Characterize construction management. Explain the scope of construction management. 8M b) Register and explain the principles of scientific management with an example.

7M

8. a) Categorize different characteristics of a good project manager. Substantiate your answer with examples.

8M

b) Evaluate the importance of “delegation, responsibility and accountability” needed for the project manager. Give illustrations.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Depict with a block diagram and Elucidate the concept of Matrix organization in project Management.

8M

b) Distinguish between recruitment and selection process. Discuss briefly with examples. 7M

10. a) Emphasize various approaches of training process with examples. 8M b) Substantiate with examples that Safety aspect in construction site is paramount. 7M




PAVEMENT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Describe the factors affecting design and performance of pavements 10M b) Explain Burmister's two layer theory.

5M

2. a) With a neat sketch explain the cross-section of a flexible pavement and mentioning the function of each layer.

7M

b) The plate bearing test was conducted with 30cm plate diameter on soil subgrade and over 15cm base course. The pressures yielded at 0.5cm deflection are 4 kg/cm2 and 6.25 kg/cm2 respectively. Design the pavement section for 4100kg wheel load with tyre pressure of 5kg/cm2 for an allowable deflection of 0.5cm using Burmister's theory. (Assume missing data within permissible limits).

8M

Fig.1

Unit – II

3. a) Discuss about the critical combination of stresses in rigid pavements. 10M b) Write a note on determination of warping stresses in rigid pavements.

5M

4. a) Explain the frictional stresses occurring in CC pavement. 5M b) Using the data given below , calculate the wheel load stresses at interior, edge and

corner regions of a cement concrete pavement using Westergaard’s stress equations. (Assume missing data within permissible limits).

Wheel load, P =5100 kg Modulus of elasticity of cement concrete, E =3X105 kg/cm2

Pavement Thickness, h =18 cm Poisson’s ratio of concrete, u =0.15 Modulus of Subgrade reaction, K =6 kg/cm3 Radius of contact area, a =15 cm

10M

Cont…2

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Unit – III

5. a) Briefly explain the design of rigid pavement as per the IRC Method. 10M b) Explain the use of tie bar and dowel bar in cement concrete pavement.

5M

6. a) Explain the principle, scope and factors affecting the properties of soil-cement stabilization

10M

b) Explain about the need for correction and corrective measure applied in CBR test.

5M

Unit – IV

7. a) Describe penetration test on bitumen with neat sketch. 8M b) Write the detailed procedure of construction of WBM roads.

7M

8. a) Write the detailed procedure of construction of reinforced concrete pavements. 7M b) Explain Marshall's method of mix design for bitumen.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Enumerate with proper justification the different types of overlays that can be provided on flexible pavement.

10M

b) What are the objectives of highway maintenance?

5M

10. a) Explain in details about the following stages in Benkelman Beam Deflection method: i. Preliminary study ii. Field data collection iii. Calculation of rebound deflection values

10M

b) List atleast five different types distress in rigid pavement and explain one in detail. 5M




INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT AND PSYCHOLOGY (Electronics and Communication Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Briefly describe the general principles of management as laid down by Henry Fayol. Is his list exhaustive? Comment.

7M

b) Scientific management involves in its essence a complete revolution on the part of workers and equally complete revolution on the part of those on management side” In the light of the above statement explain the main elements and principles of scientific management.

8M

2. a) “Organizational charts provide a broad picture of positions of authority and their relationships in the organization structure” in view of this explain line and staff structure.

8M

b) Write a brief note on functional organization.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Mention the factors that influence the decision of selection of a plant location. 7M b) List and explain the key features of different types of plant layouts.

8M

4. a) What is Work Study according to you? Explain. 5M b) What are the methods of Performance Rating? Enlist the steps in Work Sampling.

10M

Unit – III

5. a) What is the objective of time analysis made in CPM network analysis? 6M b) Find the critical path and calculate the project duration and also slack time for each event

for Fig.1.

Fig.1

9M

6. a) Explain the 7 elements of organizational infrastructure for implementing TQM. 8M b) Discuss single and double sampling plans. State its advantages and applications. 7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Define Economic order quantity and derive through algebraic method. 7M b) Mention the scope of material management. Discuss four purchasing activities.

8M

8. a) What are the major functional areas in HRM? Explain briefly. 5M b) With an example explain various stages of Product Life Cycle. Give an example of

Marketing Mix and explain its significance.

10M

Cont…2

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Unit – V

9. a) Discuss the scope of industrial psychology in the modern present era. 6M b) How does an individual behaviour change in a group? Explain.

9M

10. a) What is Industrial fatigue? Explain its nature and effects. 6M b) What are the causes of fatigue and how do you minimize fatigue at work place? 9M

Documents

Hall Ticket No: Question Paper Code: A1429 (AUTONOMOUS ......B. Tech VII Semester Supplementary Examinations, November - 2017 (Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) VLSI DESIGN (Electronics and