DepartmentofHistory

JuniorFreshHandbook2020-2021SingleHonorsHistory

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AMessagefromtheOfficeoftheVice-ProvostImportant information on COVID-19 restrictions and modes of teaching andlearningInordertooffertaughtprogrammesinlinewithgovernmenthealthandsafetyadvice,teachingandlearninginSemester1foryourprogrammewillfollowablendedmodelthatcombinesonlineandin-personelementstobeattendedoncampus.Thisblendedmodelwillincludeofferingonlinelecturesforlargerclassgroupings,aswellasin-personclassesforsmallergroups:thedifferingmodesofteachingandlearningforparticularmodulesaredeterminedbyyourhomeSchool.InformationonthemodesofteachingandlearninginSemester2willbeavailableclosertothetime.Trinitywillbeasflexibleaspossibleinfacilitatinglatearrivalsduetotravelrestrictions,visadelays,andotherchallengesarisingfromtheCOVID-19pandemic.Ifyouexpecttoarrivelaterthan28thSeptember,pleasealertyourcoursecoordinatorasearlyaspossible.ForthosestudentsnotcurrentlyinIreland,accordingtocurrentGovernmenthealthandsafetyguidelines,pleasenotethatthesestudentsareexpectedtoallowfora14-dayperiodofrestrictedmovementafterarrivalandpriortocommencementoftheirstudies,andthereforeshouldfactorthisintotheirtravelplans.ForthosestudentscurrentlyontheislandofIreland,weremindyouoftheIrishGovernment’sadvicethatallnon-essentialoverseastravelshouldbeavoided.Ifyoudotraveloverseas,youareexpectedtorestrictyourmovementsfor14daysimmediatelyfromyourreturn,duringwhichtimeyouwillnotbepermittedtocometoanyTrinitycampus.Therefore,asyouarerequiredtobeavailabletoattendCollegefromthebeginningofthenewteachingyearon28September.

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ContentsAMessagefromtheOfficeoftheVice-Provost..........................i

Introduction.........................................................................................3Section1:AbouttheDepartment.......................................................4

ContactingtheDepartment........................................................4HowtomakecontactwiththeDepartment...............................4Submissionofwrittenwork........................................................4WhomtoContactWhen.............................................................4Student2Student(S2S)................................................................5Academicexchanges...................................................................5Transcripts..................................................................................5

Section2:Yourprogrammeofstudy...................................................6LearningOutcomes.....................................................................6Modulesandassessment...........................................................6Modulesfor2020-21....................................................................6LookingAhead............................................................................7

Section3:Adviceandregulations.......................................................7CreditsECTS.................................................................................7WhatisECTS?.............................................................................7ThingstorememberaboutECTS................................................8Requirementsforobtainingacademiccredit.............................8Progression.................................................................................8ClassesandCoursework.............................................................8Makingthebestuseofyourlecturesandtutorials....................8Attendanceatlecturesandseminars.........................................9Moduleassessment....................................................................9Essays........................................................................................10Plagiarism.................................................................................10Submissionofessays................................................................12Deadlines..................................................................................14Feedback...................................................................................14Essaymarkingcriteria...............................................................15Results......................................................................................18Supplementalexaminations.....................................................18Non---satisfactoryperformance..................................................18Failuretorisewiththeyear......................................................18Guidelinesforwritingessays....................................................19Preparation...............................................................................19Sourcinginformation................................................................19

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Structure...................................................................................19Formatandprose.....................................................................20Referencing...............................................................................21Bibliography..............................................................................21Primarysources........................................................................21Secondarysources....................................................................21Books........................................................................................21Articlesinbooks........................................................................22Articlesinjournals....................................................................22Websites...................................................................................22Footnotes..................................................................................23

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IntroductionWearedelightedtowelcomeyoutotheDepartmentofHistory,TrinityCollegeDublin.TheJuniorFreshyearoffersanumberofnewchallenges,withawidevarietyofperiodsandplacestostudy,andarangeofmethodologicalapproachestoexplore.ThishandbookwillguideyouthroughyourstudiesintheDepartmentin2020-21.WehopethatdespitetheunusualformatoftheyearyouwillengagefullywiththeDepartmentthisyear,notjustinlecturesandseminarswhetherinpersonoronline,butalsoinourweeklyDepartmentalResearchSeminarsinEarlyModernHistory,ContemporaryIrishHistory,andMedievalHistory.FulldetailsoftheseadditionalresearchseminarswillbepostedonthedepartmentalwebsiteandonTwitterandwewouldcertainlyencourageyoutoattendthemwhenyourscheduleallows.

ThishandbookprovidesessentialinformationaboutyourHistoryprogramme.ItsupplementsinformationintheUniversityCalendar.IntheeventofconflictorinconsistencybetweentheGeneralRegulationspublishedintheUniversityCalendarandinformationcontainedinourhandbooks,theGeneralRegulationsprevail.TheUniversityCalendarisavailableathttp://www.tcd.ie/calendar/

MoredetailedinformationonindividualmodulesisprovidedintherelevantmoduleguidesandontheDepartmentweb-sitehttps://www.tcd.ie/history/.ManymoduleguideswillbeprovidedthroughBlackboard.

AsaDepartmentweexpectcertainthingsofyou:

• toreadthishandbookcarefully• toreadyourTrinitye-mailsregularly• tosetasideatleast40hourseachweekforacademicwork• toattendallclasses,whethershared-space,synchronous,orasynchronous• toreadforeachclassandcometoseminarsandtutorialspreparedtospeak• toknowandmeetyourdeadlines• and,ifyouhaveaproblem,tospeaktosomeoneaboutit:yourmodulecoordinator,year

coordinator,HeadofDepartment,orCollegeTutor.Wecannotpromisethatwecansolveyourproblem,butwewilldoourbesttohelp.

Ifyouareinanydoubtabouthowtheregulationsaffectyou,consultamemberofstaffintheDepartmentoryourCollegeTutor.Thishandbookaddressesfourmainareas:UsefulinformationabouttheDepartmentYourprogrammeofstudyAdviceandregulationsImportantdatesfor2020-21

Bestofluckwithyourstudiesin2020-21.

Section1:AbouttheDepartmentContactingtheDepartment

DepartmentofHistoryOffice:Room3133,ArtsBuilding

NormalOpeningHoursare10:00-12:00&14:00-16.30.However,duetosocialdistancingfewerstaffwillbeintheofficeandtheywillneedtoleavetheofficeoccasionally.Emailmaybeabetterwayofcontactingthem.

Telephone:01-8961020 Email:histhum@tcd.ieTwitter:@historyTCD

ExecutiveOfficers:JoanneLynchandStephenGalvin

AcademicStaff Role Roomno. Emailaddress

ProfessorRuthKarras HeadofDepartment 3144 ruth.karras@tcd.ie

DrKatjaBruisch A6005 bruischk@tcd.ie

DrRobertArmstrong 3115 robert.armstrong@tcd.ie

Dr.DiogoDeCarvalhoCabral 3121 decarvad@tcd.ie

DrJosephClarke JF/SFCoordinator 3153 clarkej1@tcd.ie

DrPeterCrooks OnLeave 3147 pcrooks@tcd.ie

DrDavidDitchburn OnLeave,MT 3145 ditchbud@tcd.ie

DrAnneDolan 3112 adolan@tcd.ie

ProfessorSeánDuffy JS/ErasmusCoord,MT 3154 sduffy@tcd.ie

DrSimonEgan 3119 segan1@tcd.ie

DrSusanFlavin OnLeave 3149 sflavin@tcd.ie

DrDanielGeary 3113 gearyd@tcd.ie

ProfessorPatrickGeoghegan JS/ErasmusCoord,HT 3114 patrick.geoghegan@tcd.ie

DrPeterHamilton 3120 pehamilt@tcd.ie

Dr.BrianHanley A6007 hanleybr@tcd.ie

ProfessorPoulHolm OnLeaveMT A6002 holmp@tcd.ie

DrCaroleHolohan 3110 holohaca@tcd.ie

DrPatrickHoulihan 3154 patrick.houlihan@tcd.ie

DrIsabellaJackson OnLeave 3120 jacksoni@tcd.ie

DrGeorginaLaragy 3108 laragy@tcd.ie

DrFrancisLudlow DissertationCoordinator A6004 ludlowf@tcd.ie

DrGraemeMurdock 3117 murdocg@tcd.ie

ProfessorJaneOhlmeyer OnLeave jane.ohlmeyer@tcd.ie

DrCiaranO’Neill 3111 ciaran.oneill@tcd.ie

ProfessorMicheálÓSiochrú SSCoordinator 3150 osiochrm@tcd.ie

DrMollyPucci OnLeave 3121 puccim@tcd.ie

DrBenjaminSavill 3148 savillb@tcd.ie

DrImmoWarntjes OnLeave 3148 iwarntje@tcd.ie

DrPatrickWalsh 3155 walshp9@tcd.ie

HowtomakecontactwiththeDepartment

• StaffwillcommunicatewithyouviayourTrinityemailaddress.Youareexpectedtocheckthisregularlyandtoreadandactpromptlyuponallmessagessenttoyou.

• StaffpostboxesarelocatedintheDepartmentalOffice(Room3133),butespeciallyinMichaelmastermitisbesttouseemail.

• Staffusuallypostofficehours,whentheyareavailableforconsultation,ontheirdoor,butasmanywillbeholdingofficehourssynchronouslyonline,pleaseemailthemtofindoutarrangements.

• Departmentalnoticeswillbepostedonrelevantnoticeboardsandonthedepartmentwebsite.

• Thestudentinformationsystem,Blackboard,andyourmyzoneemailaccountsareallaccessibleathttps://www.tcd.ie/students/

SubmissionofwrittenworkEssaysmustbesubmittedonBlackboardviaTurnitin,nottoyourmodulecoordinatororteachingassistant,by11:00a.m.onthespecifieddate.(Datesaretobefoundinthe‘Importantdates’sectionattheendofthishandbook.) Theymustincludeasignedcover-sheetincludingadeclarationconcerningplagiarism.Copiesofcover-sheetscanbedownloadedontheDepartmentalwebpage.Pleasenote11amisthelatestyoucansubmitwithoutincurringapenalty

• Essaysmaynotbeposted,e---mailedorhandedtoacademicstaff.• Studentsarerequiredtoretaintheirownelectroniccopyofallwrittenwork.Ifwe

donotreceivetheelectroniccopyofyouressay,youwillbedeemednottohavesubmittedyouressayandstandardpenaltiesfornon---submissionwillbeapplied.

Forfurtherdetailsonthesubmissionofessaysseepp.12-13below.

WhomtoContactWhen• Ifyouareunabletoattendaclassbecauseofillnessoranyotherreasons,youmust,

wherepossible,givepriornoticetothelecturerorteachingassistantviaemailorphoneiftheyhaveprovidedaphonenumber.

• Ifyouhaveanacademicproblemwithaparticularmodule,youshoulddiscussitwithyourmodulecoordinator,theJuniorFreshCoordinator,yourS2Smentor(seep.5below),ortheHeadofDepartment.

• Ifyouhaveotherproblemsaffectingyourwork,youshouldcontactyourCollegeTutororyourS2Smentor.

• Fulldetailsofallstudentsupportservicesareavailableathttps://www.tcd.ie/students/supports-services/

• Ifyoubelieveyouhavegroundsforanextensiononyourwork,youmustcontacttheJuniorFreshCoordinatordirectlyorthroughyourCollegeTutor.TheJuniorFreshCoordinatorwilladviseyouonallaspectsoftheprogramme.ContactdetailsfortheJuniorFreshCoordinatorareasfollows:

DrJosephClarke JuniorFreshCoordinator Rm.3153 clarkej1@tcd.ie

• Studentsareelectedeachyeartorepresentyourviews,andtheyparticipateinDepartmentalmeetingsandinStaff-Studentmeetings. AStaff-Studentmeetingtakesplaceeachterm.

• Ifyouneedareference,askeitheryourCollegeTutororyourmodulecoordinator.

• Ifyouhaveanyqueriesaboutexchangeprogrammes,pleasecontactProfessorSeánDuffyinMTorProfessorPatrickGeogheganinHT(seebelow).

• Ifyouneedspecialexamprovisionforanymedicalreason,approachtheDisabilitiesOfficehttp://www.tcd.ie/disability/index.php

• IfyouwouldliketodiscusscareeroptionsvisittheCareersAdvisoryServicewebpageatwww.tcd.ie/Careers/

Student2Student(S2S)FromthemomentthatyouarriveinCollegetotheendoftheexamperiodinyourJuniorFreshyear,Student2Student(S2S)isheretomakesurethatyourfirstyearisfun,engagingandagreatfoundationfortherestofyourtimeinTrinity.YouwillmeetyourtwoS2SmentorsinFreshers’Weekandtheywillmakesurethatyouknowotherpeopleonyourprogrammebeforeclassesbegin.Theywillkeepinregulartouchwithyouthroughoutyourfirstyearandinviteyoutoeventsoffcampus.Theywillalsoprovideusefulinformationaboutyourprogrammeandwhattolookoutfor.Mentorsarestudentswhohavebeenthroughthefirstyearandknowexactlywhatitfeelslike,soyouneverhavetoworryaboutaskingthemaquestionoraboutdiscussinganythingthatisworryingyou.S2SalsoofferstrainedPeerSupportersifyouwanttotalkconfidentiallytoanotherstudent,orjusttomeetafriendlyfaceforcoffeeandachat.S2SissupportedbytheSeniorTutor’sOfficeandtheStudentCounsellingService.Formoredetailsseehttp://student2student.tcd.ie;emailstudent2student@tcd.ie;telephone+35318962438.

AcademicexchangesIfyouareinterestedinspendingyourSeniorFreshorJuniorSophisteryearabroad,aspartofanacademicexchange,youshouldcontact:

ProfessorSeánDuffy(MT) ProfessorPatrickGeoghegan(HT) patrick.geoghegan@tcd.ie

IfyouareplanningtotakepartinanErasmusorErasmus+exchange,withanotherEuropeanuniversity,thedeadlineforfinalapplicationswillfallinFebruary2021.ThismeansyouwillneedtodiscussyourplanswithProfessorDuffyinMichaelmasTerm,includingtheprogrammeofstudyabroad.ErasmusexchangesarenotpermittedwithoutDepartmentalapprovalsodelayincontactingtherelevantcoordinatormayhinderyouintakinguptheopportunitytostudyabroadforayear.Non-EUexchangestakeplaceintheJuniorSophisteryear.IfthisisanoptionyouareconsideringitisadvisabletoarrangetomeetthecoordinatorasearlyaspossibleduringyourSeniorFreshyeartodiscusswhatisinvolved.Moreinformationisavailableat:http://www.tcd.ie/history/international/http://www.tcd.ie/study/non-eu/study-abroad/from-trinity/erasmushttp://www.tcd.ie/study/non-eu/study-abroad/from-trinity/college-exchanges/

TranscriptsJuniorFreshstudentsmaydownloadtranscriptsfromtheStudentInformationSystem.IfyouhaveanyproblemsdoingthispleasecontacttheDepartmentalOfficeathisthum@tcd.ie.

sduffy@tcd.ie

Section2:YourprogrammeofstudyLearningOutcomes

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheSingleHonorprogrammeinHistorystudentsshouldbeableto:

• demonstrateanassuredandcriticalknowledgeofhistoricalperiods,processes,peoplesandplaces

• employasetofappropriatemethodsforthecomprehensionandanalysisofhistoricalperiodsandprocesses

• identifyandanalysekeyhistoricalproblems• compareandassessexistinghistoricalinterpretations• analyseandevaluateprimarymaterialsrelevanttothehistoricalproblemsand

periodsunderexaminationandconductindependentresearchamongprimarymaterials

• compareandassessprimarymaterialsagainsteachotherandagainstsecondarycommentary

• applyskillsofsummary,synthesisandgeneralization• applyskillsofargument,debateandreconciliation• applyskillsoforal,writtenandvisualcommunication• demonstrateareflectiveandself---reflectiveappreciationoftheproblemsofhistorical

thinkingandwriting

ModulesandassessmentToachievetheseoutcomeswehaveconstructedavariedprogrammeofstudy,whichbeginsintheFreshyearswiththestudyofperiodsand/orplacesoftenthroughtheprismofkeydebatesorthemes.Theprogrammealsointroducesstudentstosomeofthecoremethodologieshistorianspractice,andasyoumovethroughtheJuniorFreshyearyouwillengagewithprimarysources,withhistoriographicalapproaches,andwiththetypesofquestionshistorianspose.ModulesintheJuniorFreshyearcombinethestudyofpeoples,movements,andepochswithmodulesdirectlyengagingwithhistoricalmethodologies.SingleHonorJuniorFreshstudentstakeeightmodulestotalling60ECTS.Thefollowingtableillustratesthepatternofmodulesfor2020-21:

Modulesfor2020-21

MichaelmasTerm HIU12020KingshipandWarfare:Ireland,c.1000-1318 10ECTS HIU12021ReligionandSociety,c.1095-c.1517 10ECTS HIU12022EarlyChristianIreland 5ECTS HIU11011DoingHistory:Sources 5ECTS

HilaryTerm HIU12023Ireland,1534-1815:ASurvey 10ECTS HIU12024Europe,1500-1800:PowerandCulture 10ECTS HIU12025ClimateintheAncientandMedievalWorlds 5ECTS HIU11002DoingHistory:Interpretations 5ECTS

LookingAheadInyourSeniorFreshyearyouwillhaveanumberofchoices.Youmaytake10ECTSofTrinityElectivesorOpenModulesandgraduatewithSingleHonoursHistory,oryoumayaddaMinorfieldandgraduateeitherwithSingleHonoursHistoryorMajorwithMinor.Informationaboutthesechoicesisavailableathttps://www.tcd.ie/courses/undergraduate/your-trinity-pathways/

Section3:AdviceandregulationsCreditsECTSAllmodulesinHistorycarryanECTSweighting.ECTSstandsforEuropeanCreditTransferandAccumulationSystem,whichhasbeenintroducedacrosstheCollegeandacrossEuropeasameansofevaluatingandaccreditingundergraduatemodulesandcourses.

WhatisECTS?TheEuropeanCreditTransferandAccumulationSystem(ECTS)isanacademiccreditsystembasedontheestimatedstudentworkloadrequiredtoachievetheobjectivesofamoduleorprogrammeofstudy.Itisdesignedtoenableacademicrecognitionforperiodsofstudy,tofacilitatestudentmobilityandcreditaccumulationandtransfer.TheECTSistherecommendedcreditsystemforhighereducationinIrelandandacrosstheEuropeanHigherEducationArea.TheECTSweightingforamoduleisameasureofthestudentinputorworkloadrequiredforthatmodule,basedonfactorssuchasthenumberofcontacthours,thenumberandlengthofwrittenorverballypresentedassessmentexercises,classpreparationandprivatestudytime,examinations,andsoonasappropriate.Thereisnointrinsicrelationshipbetweenthecreditvolumeofamoduleanditslevelofdifficulty.TheEuropeannormforfull---timestudyoveroneacademicyearis60credits.TheTrinityacademicyearis40weeksfromthestartofMichaelmasTermtotheendoftheannualexaminationperiod.OneECTScreditrepresents20---25hoursestimatedstudentinput,soa10----creditmodulewillbedesignedtorequire200---250hoursofstudentinput,includingclasscontacttime,assessmentspreparationandprivatereading.ECTScreditsareawardedtoastudentonlyuponsuccessfulcompletionofthecourseyear.Progressionfromoneyeartothenextisdeterminedbythecourseregulations.Studentswhofailayearoftheircoursewillnotobtaincreditforthatyeareveniftheyhavepassedcertaincomponentmodules.Exceptionstothisruleareone---yearandpart---yearvisitingstudents,whoareawardedcreditforindividualmodulessuccessfullycompleted.

ThingstorememberaboutECTSItisEuropean:itsaimistofacilitateandtoimprovetransparencyandcomparabilityofperiodsofstudyandofqualificationsacrosstheEuropeanHigherEducationsector.ItisaboutCredit:itisastudent---centred(notateacher---centred)systembaseduponaclearlydefinedbodyofwork(e.g.,contacthours+timeallocatedtostudyforthepreparationandexecutionofessays,assignments,exams,etc.)requiredtoobtainthecreditallocatedfortheachievementoftheobjectivesofaparticularcourseofstudy.ItisaSystem,basedonthefollowingprinciples:theECTSworksonayearlynormof60creditsforafull---timecourse(30creditsforahalf---honorsubject)overoneacademicyearwhereonecreditrepresents20---25hoursestimatedstudentinput.Themeasureofoneacademicyearis40weeksfromthestartofMichaelmasTermtotheendoftheannualexaminationperiod.ItisanAccumulativeSystem.ECTScreditsareassignedtomodulesinmultipleunitsoffive.Studentsareexpectedtotake60creditsperyear.Creditsaccrueoverthefour---yearcycle.TheTrinityfour---yearhonorsBachelordegreeis240ECTS.ItisaboutTransferability.Bymakingthestudentinputindifferentcoursesofferedindifferentuniversitiescomprehensibleunderthesamestandardmeasurement,thesystemaimstoremovethemanyobstacleswhichcurrentlyobstructincreasedmobilityinandbetweenthemanydifferenteducationalinstitutionsoftheEUandtoenhancecommunicationsbetweentheuniversitiesandothertraininginstitutionsandthelabourmarket.InaccordancewiththespiritoftheECTS,Historyisstudiedaspartofastudent---centredprogramme.Thesuccessoftheprogrammedependslargelyuponstudentparticipationinlectures,tutorials,essaywritingandgeneralresearchandreading.

RequirementsforobtainingacademiccreditInordertoobtaincreditforeachterm,youmustbeenrolledfortherequiredrangeofmodules.Youmustattendalltutorialsorseminarsineachmoduleforwhichyouareenrolled,exceptwheremedicalevidenceforabsenceissubmitted.Youmustcompleteallnon-examinedwrittenworkandotherwrittentutorialexercisesprescribedforeachmodule.

ProgressionAsyouprogressthroughtheHistoryprogramme,youarefacedwithawideningrangeofintellectualandmethodologicalchallenges.WhereasFreshmodulesaimtosurveynationalorinternationalhistoriesoverlongperiods,mostSophistermodulesconcentrateonshortperiodsorspecificthemes.ThecloserfocusofSophistermodulesrequiresmoreintensiveteachingthroughsmallclasses,andmoreimmersionindocumentarysources.TheshiftfromsurveytospecialistworkculminatesinthedissertationandresearchessayswhichformamajorelementofModeratorship.ClassesandCoursework

Makingthebestuseofyourlecturesandtutorials

• Ifyoucannotunderstandanyaspectofyourmodules,pleasefeelfreetomakethisclearduringoraftera tutorialorseminar,aftera lecture,orbyvisitingourofficesat timesnotifiedonourdoorsoroursynchronouson-lineofficehours.Wewelcomecommentsandquestions.Eachinstructorwillindicatethebestmethodofreachingthem.

• Mobiletelephonesarenottobeusedduringshared-spaceorsynchronousclasses.

• Pleasearrivepunctuallyatshared-spaceorsynchronousclassesandstaytotheend.

AttendanceatlecturesandseminarsYoushouldaimtoattendalllectures,whethersynchronous(ataspecificallytimetabledtime),asynchronous(postedonlineforyoutowatchatanothertime),orinsharedspace(apossibilityforHilaryterm).Lecturesareintendedtoprovideanalysisofselectedtopicsandanintroductiontotheissuesraisedinthereadingsetforeachmodule.Theyarenotintendedasasubstituteforreading.Thereiswidevariationinthestyleofpresentationacrossmodules,whichreflectsthevarietyofapproacheshistorianstaketotheirresearch.Thevalueofalecturedependsasmuchonyourresponsivenessasonitsquality.Attendanceattutorialsandseminarsiscompulsory.Theyaredesignedtoallowsmallgroupstodiscussselectedtopicsundertheguidanceofateacher,andtoencouragestudentstopracticetheartsofdocumentaryinterpretation,criticalreading,andlucidexposition.Youwillexperiencemuchvariationinthenatureoftutorialsandseminars,againreflectingthewiderangeofmethodologicalapproaches,aswellasintheformat(synchronous,asynchronousorsharedspace).Tutorialexercisesandassignmentswilldifferacrossmodules–fromclasspresentationsanddebatestosummariesofvyinginterpretationsandtextualanalysesofextractstakenfromdocuments.Themoreyoucontribute,thebetterthetutorial.MaterialsfortutorialswillbeavailablethroughBlackboard.Onceyouareregisteredforamodule,youarealsoregisteredforthatmoduleonBlackboard.Rememberthatyoumayberequiredtohavepreparedworkandbesetassignmentsforyourfirsttutorial,socheckBlackboardbeforeyourfirsttutorial.TutorialsbegininWeek4ofterm,whichwillbeyourthirdweekofclassesinMichaelmasterm.Youarerequired,wherestipulated,tohaveworkpreparedforyourtutorials.Collegeregulationsstatethatstudentsmusttakepartfullyintheacademicworkoftheirclassthroughouttheperiodofthecourse(CalendarH5)andtheECTScalculationforallmodulesincludesaproportionofcreditsfortutorialwork.Persistentnon---attendancemayresultinyoubeingreturnedasnon---satisfactoryforagivenmodule.

ModuleassessmentAllthesurveymodulesintheJuniorFreshyearareassessedbytwoessays(onedueduringtheterm,30%oftheoverallmark,andonedueaftertheendofteachingterminlieuofanexam,60%oftheoverallmark).10%ofthemarkwillbeassessedbycourseworkassignedintutorial–essaysorreports,presentationsorsourceanalysisforexample.Failuretosubmitanyoneofthesecomponentswillleadtoyoubeingreturnedasnon---satisfactoryforagivenmodule.Inordertopassanyhistorymodule,studentsatalllevelsmustcompletealltheprescribedexercises.InJuniorFreshyear,assessmentisbasedonthefollowingpatterns(submissiondatesmaybefoundinthe‘ImportantDates’sectionofthishandbook):

• HIU12025ClimateintheAncient&MedievalWorlds&HIU12022EarlyChristianIreland(each5ECTS)arenormallyassessedasfollows:

o A2,000-2,500-wordtermessay(40%oftheoverallmark)o A2,000-2,500-wordfinalessay(60%oftheoverallmark)

• HIU11001DoingHistory:Sources(5ECTS)isassessedthroughprescribedcourseworkduringMichaelmasTerm.Seethemodulehandbookforfurtherdetails.

• HIU11002DoingHistory:Interpretations(5ECTS)isassessedbya2500-3000wordfinalessayonly(100%ofthemark)

• 10ECTSsurveymodules(HIU12020Kingshipandwarfare:Ireland1000-1318;HIU12021ReligionandSociety,c.1095-c.1517;HIU12023Ireland1534-1815andHIU12024Europe1500-1800:PowerandCulture)arenormallyassessedasfollows:

o a2,000-2,500-wordtermessay(30%oftheoverallmark)o tutorialassignments(10%oftheoverallmark).Tutorialassignmentscantakemany

forms.Theymaytaketheformofanumberofshorterassignments,usuallycommentariesonprimarysources,whichwilladduptoequivalentamountsofworkoverall,e.g.sixshortcommentariesofc.500wordseachorthreecommentariesofc.1,000words(atotalwordlengthwouldnormallyfallinthebracketof2,000-3,000words).

o Thesemodulesalsorequirestudentstotakeanactivepartintutorials,usuallyincludingashortpresentation.

o A2,500-3,000-wordfinalessay(60%oftheoverallmark)

EssaysEssaysallowustoassessyourmasteryofrelevantprimarysourcesand/orsecondaryreading,yourabilitytosupplyfullandaccuratecitations,andyourcriticalandanalyticalskills.Theabilitytosynthesiseinformationinlucid,clearly---arguedproseisnolessimportantthanyourcapacitytocarryoutsystematicresearchorreading.Themoreyouwrite,thebetteryouwillperform.(SeeGuidelinesforwritingessaysbelowpp.19-23.)Guidanceonessaytopicsorquestionswillbefoundineachmoduleguide.Checkwithyourlecturerandteachingassistantsifyouhaveanyquestionsregardingyouressaytopics.ThelengthforFreshessaysvariesandisgivenaboveforeachmodule.Thefootnotesandthebibliographymustconformtothestyleprescribedbeloworanotheroneprescribedbyyourinstructorandarenotcountedaspartofthewordcount.Poorcitationmayleadtolowermarks.

PlagiarismPlagiarismisanextremelyseriousmatterwhichcarriesseverepenaltiesforstudents.TheCollegehasdraftedadefinitionofplagiarismandsomerulesandguidelineswhichmustbefollowed.Collegenowrequiresallstudentstocompleteanonlinetutorialonavoidingplagiarism‘Ready,Steady,Write’athttp://tcd-ie.libguides.com/plagiarism/ready-steady-writeAllessaycoversheetsnowincludeastatementconfirmingthatstudentshavereadtheCollegeregulationsandtakentheonlinetutorial.Ifyouareunsureofwhattheplagiarismregulationsrequire,pleasecontactyourtutorialteacher,yourmodulecoordinator,yourCollegeTutor,theJuniorFreshCoordinatorortheHeadofDepartment.TheofficialCollegepositionissetoutintheCalendaratparagraphs95-104andtheprincipalpointsareasfollows:

95GeneralItisclearlyunderstoodthatallmembersoftheacademiccommunityuseandbuildonthe

workandideasofothers.Itiscommonlyacceptedalso,however,thatwebuildontheworkandideasofothersinanopenandexplicitmanner,andwithdueacknowledgement.

Plagiarismistheactofpresentingtheworkorideasofothersasone’sown,withoutdueacknowledgement.

Plagiarismcanarisefromdeliberateactionsandalsothroughcarelessthinkingand/ormethodology.Theoffenceliesnotintheattitudeorintentionoftheperpetrator,butintheactionandinitsconsequences.

Itistheresponsibilityoftheauthorofanyworktoensurethathe/shedoesnotcommitplagiarism.

Plagiarismisconsideredtobeacademicallyfraudulent,andanoffenceagainstacademicintegritythatissubjecttothedisciplinaryproceduresoftheUniversity.

96ExamplesofPlagiarismPlagiarismcanarisefromactionssuchas:(a)copyinganotherstudent’swork;(b)enlistinganotherpersonorpersonstocompleteanassignmentonthestudent’sbehalf;(c)procuring,whetherwithpaymentorotherwise,theworkorideasofanother;(d)quotingdirectly,withoutacknowledgement,frombooks,articlesorothersources,eitherinprinted,recordedorelectronicformat,includingwebsitesandsocialmedia;(e)paraphrasing,withoutacknowledgement,thewritingsofotherauthors.Examples(d)and(e)inparticularcanarisethroughcarelessthinkingand/ormethodology

wherestudents:(i)failtodistinguishbetweentheirownideasandthoseofothers;(ii)failtotakepropernotesduringpreliminaryresearchandthereforelosetrackofthesourcesfromwhichthenotesweredrawn;(iii)failtodistinguishbetweeninformationwhichneedsnoacknowledgementbecauseitisfirmlyinthepublicdomain,andinformationwhichmightbewidelyknown,butwhichneverthelessrequiressomesortofacknowledgement;(iv)comeacrossadistinctivemethodologyorideaandfailtorecorditssource.Alltheaboveserveonlyasexamplesandarenotexhaustive.97PlagiarisminthecontextofgroupworkStudentsshouldnormallysubmitworkdoneinco-operationwithotherstudentsonlywhenit

isdonewiththefullknowledgeandpermissionofthelecturerconcerned.Withoutthis,submittingworkwhichistheproductofcollaborationwithotherstudentsmaybeconsideredtobeplagiarism.

Whenworkissubmittedastheresultofagroupproject,itistheresponsibilityofallstudentsinthegrouptoensure,sofarasispossible,thatnoworksubmittedbythegroupisplagiarised.Inordertoavoidplagiarisminthecontextofcollaborationandgroupwork,itisparticularlyimportanttoensurethateachstudentappropriatelyattributesworkthatisnottheirown.

98SelfplagiarismNoworkcannormallybesubmittedformorethanoneassessmentforcredit.Resubmittingthe

sameworkformorethanoneassessmentforcreditisnormallyconsideredself-plagiarism.99AvoidingplagiarismStudentsshouldensuretheintegrityoftheirworkbyseekingadvicefromtheirlecturers,tutor

orsupervisoronavoidingplagiarism.Allschoolsanddepartmentsmustinclude,intheirhandbooksorotherliteraturegiventostudents,guidelinesontheappropriatemethodologyforthekindofworkthatstudentswillbeexpectedtoundertake.Inaddition,ageneralsetofguidelinesforstudentsonavoidingplagiarismisavailableonhttp://libguides.tcd.ie/plagiarism.

100Ifplagiarismasreferredtoin§95aboveissuspected,inthefirstinstance,theDirectorofTeachingandLearning(Undergraduate),ortheirdesignate,willwritetothestudent,andthestudent’stutoradvisingthemoftheconcernsraised.Thestudentandtutor(asanalternativetothetutor,studentsmaynominatearepresentativefromtheStudents’Union)willbeinvitedtoattendaninformalmeetingwiththeDirectorofTeachingandLearning(Undergraduate),ortheirdesignate,andthelecturerconcerned,inordertoputtheirsuspicionstothestudentandgivethestudenttheopportunitytorespond.Thestudentwillberequestedtorespondinwritingstatinghis/heragreementtoattendsuchameetingandconfirmingonwhichofthesuggesteddatesandtimesitwillbepossibleforthemtoattend.Ifthestudentdoesnotinthismanneragreetoattendsuchameeting,theDirectorofTeachingandLearning(Undergraduate),ordesignate,mayreferthecasedirectlytotheJuniorDean,whowillinterviewthestudentandmayimplementtheproceduresasreferredtounderCONDUCTANDCOLLEGEREGULATIONS§2.

101IftheDirectorofTeachingandLearning(Undergraduate),ordesignate,formstheviewthatplagiarismhastakenplace,he/shemustdecideiftheoffencecanbedealtwithunderthesummaryproceduresetoutbelow.Inorderforthissummaryproceduretobefollowed,allpartiesattendingtheinformalmeetingasnotedin§100abovemuststatetheiragreementinwritingtotheDirectorofTeachingandLearning(Undergraduate),ordesignate.Ifoneofthepartiestotheinformalmeetingwithholdshis/herwrittenagreementtotheapplicationofthesummaryprocedure,orifthefactsofthecaseareindispute,oriftheDirectorofTeachingandLearning(Undergraduate),ordesignate,feelsthatthepenaltiesprovidedforunderthesummaryprocedurebelowareinappropriategiventhecircumstancesofthecase,he/shewillreferthecasedirectlytotheJuniorDean,whowillinterviewthestudentandmayimplementtheproceduresasreferredtounderCONDUCTANDCOLLEGEREGULATIONS§2.

102Iftheoffencecanbedealtwithunderthesummaryprocedure,theDirectorofTeachingandLearning(Undergraduate),ordesignate,willrecommendoneofthefollowingpenalties:

(a)Level1:Studentreceivesaninformalverbalwarning.Thepieceofworkinquestionisinadmissible.Thestudentisrequiredtorephraseandcorrectlyreferenceallplagiarisedelements.Othercontentshouldnotbealtered.Theresubmittedworkwillbeassessedandmarkedwithoutpenalty;(b)Level2:Studentreceivesaformalwrittenwarning.Thepieceofworkinquestionisinadmissible.Thestudentisrequiredtorephraseandcorrectlyreferenceallplagiarisedelements.Othercontentshouldnotbealtered.Theresubmittedworkwillreceiveareducedorcappedmarkdependingontheseriousness/extentofplagiarism;(c)Level3:Studentreceivesaformalwrittenwarning.Thepieceofworkinquestionisinadmissible.Thereisnoopportunityforresubmissionwithcorrections.Instead,thestudentisrequiredtosubmitanewpieceofworkasareassessmentduringthenextavailablesession.Providedtheworkisofapassingstandard,boththeassessmentmarkandtheoverallmodulemarkwillbecappedatthepassmark.DiscretionlieswiththeSeniorLecturerincaseswherethereisnostandardopportunityforareassessmentunderapplicablecourseregulations.103Providedthattheappropriateprocedurehasbeenfollowedandallpartiesin§100above

areinagreementwiththeproposedpenalty,theDirectorofTeachingandLearning(Undergraduate)shouldinthecaseofaLevel1offence,informthecoursedirectorandwhereappropriatethecourseoffice.InthecaseofaLevel2orLevel3offence,theSeniorLecturermustbenotifiedandrequestedtoapprovetherecommendedpenalty.TheSeniorLecturermayapprove,reject,orvarytherecommendedpenalty,orseekfurtherinformationbeforemakingadecision.IftheSeniorLecturerconsidersthatthepenaltiesprovidedforunderthesummaryprocedureareinappropriategiventhecircumstancesofthecase,he/shemayalsoreferthematterdirectlytotheJuniorDeanwhowillinterviewthestudentandmayimplementtheproceduresasreferredtounderCONDUCTANDCOLLEGEREGULATIONS§2.Notwithstandinghis/herdecision,theSeniorLecturerwillinformtheJuniorDeanofallnotifiedcasesofLevel2andLevel3offencesaccordingly.TheJuniorDeanmayneverthelessimplementtheproceduresasreferredtounderCONDUCTANDCOLLEGEREGULATIONS§2.

104Ifthecasecannotnormallybedealtwithunderthesummaryprocedures,itisdeemedtobeaLevel4offenceandwillbereferreddirectlytotheJuniorDean.NothingprovidedforunderthesummaryprocedurediminishesorprejudicesthedisciplinarypowersoftheJuniorDeanunderthe2010ConsolidatedStatutes.

SubmissionofessaysAllessaysmustbeformattedforA4paper,with1½ordouble---spacingandawidemarginforcomments.Allquotations,andsubstantiveinformationtakenindirectlyfromotherworks,mustbeacknowledgedbymeansoffootnotesgivingauthor,title,placeanddateofpublication,andpagenumber.Whencitingunpublishedsources,studentsshouldfollowtheadviceofthemodule

teacher.Abibliography,listingthedocumentarysources,books,andarticlesused(includingallthoseacknowledgedinfootnotes)mustbeappendedtotheessay.TheDepartment’sGuidelinesforwritingessaysarefoundbelow(pp.19-23).EssaysmustbesubmittedonBlackboardviaTurnitin,nottoyourmodulecoordinatororteachingassistant,by11:00a.m.onthespecifieddate.(Datesaretobefoundinthe‘Importantdates’sectionattheendofthishandbook.) Theymustincludeasignedcover-sheetincludingadeclarationconcerningplagiarism.Copiesofcover-sheetscanbedownloadedontheDepartmentalwebpage.Pleasenote11amisthelatestyoucansubmitwithoutincurringapenalty

• Essaysmaynotbeposted,e---mailedorhandedtoacademicstaff.• Studentsarerequiredtoretaintheirownelectroniccopyofallwrittenwork.Ifwedo

notreceivetheelectroniccopyofyouressay,youwillbedeemednottohavesubmittedyouressayandstandardpenaltiesfornon---submissionwillbeapplied.

DeadlinesDeadlinesareserious.Thedeadlinesfor2020-21areavailableonthefinalpageofthishandbook.Deadlinesexistsothatyoucanstructureyourworkwithmaximumefficiencyandsuccess.Seriouspenaltiesforlatesubmissionapply.Extensionswillbegrantedonlyinexceptionalcircumstances.ExtensionscanonlybegrantedbytheJuniorFreshCoordinator,DrJosephClarke.Nowrittenworkwillbeacceptedforassessmentaftertheduedate,intheabsenceofanextensiongrantedinadvancebytheJuniorFreshCoordinator,coveringtheentireperiodofdelay.Extensionswillbegrantedonlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstances.Crashedcomputers,minormishapsetc.willnotbetakenassatisfactorygroundsforthegrantingofextensions.Norequestsforanextensiononthedayofsubmissionofwrittenworkwillbeconsidered.AnessaydeemedtobelatebytheJuniorFreshCoordinatorwillbegivenamarkofnotmorethan40%.Wherenoessayisforthcomingyouwillfailthatentiremoduleasaresult.

FeedbackMarkedtermessaysarereturnedinindividualmeetings(mostlikelyvirtual)withyourlecturersorteachingassistants.Theywillarrangetimesforyoutodiscussyouressayforabout15minutes.Timeswillbenotifiedeitherbye-mailoronBlackboard–socheckbothregularly.Itisveryimportantthatyouattendmeetingsaboutfeedbackonyourwork.Theyprovideaninvaluableopportunityforyoutobegivenindividualfeedbackonthestrengthsandweaknessesofyourwrittenwork.Studentswhoachievehighmarksareusuallythosestudentswhotakecarefulnoteofwhatissaidtotheminfeedbackmeetingsandactupontheadviceastheyprogressthroughthedegree.Yourmodulecoordinatorwillnotarrangeafeedbackmeetingforyourfinalessayunlessyouspecificallyrequestone.Feedbacksessionsarealsoanopportunityforyoutoaskaboutanyaspectsofthetopicaboutwhichyouareunsurebutdidnotwishtoraiseinclassdiscussion.Youmayalsoreceiveguidanceonhowtoimproveyouressaywritingskillsandyourcapacityforhistoricalanalysis.Donothesitatetoaskaboutthemechanicsofwriting,aswellasaboutmattersofhistoricalinterpretation.Inordertobenefitasmuchaspossiblefromthesesessions,youshoulddothefollowing:

• Alwayskeepacopyofyouressayorassignmentandreadthroughitbeforecomingtothemeeting

• Makeanoteofanyquestionsthatyouwouldliketoask–e.g.‘Idon’tunderstandwhatMacinneswasarguingintheconclusiontohisbook’;‘Iwasn’tsureifthispointwentintheconclusionofintroduction’;‘Ireallyjustdidn’tknowwhatelsetowrite;’etc.

• Takenotesoftherepliestothesequestionsandthinkaboutthemafterwards.

• Whenyoucometowritethenextessay,lookoveryournotesandthinkabouthowtoapplythesuggestionsforimprovementtoyournextsubmission.

Examinations

TherewillbenoexaminationsforJuniorFreshmodules.Thefinalessaytakestheplaceofanexamination.Whetherthefinalessay(essay2)issimilarinnaturetothetermessay(essay1)inmodulesthathavebothwillvarybymodule.Yourmodulecoordinatorwillinformyou,normallyviaBlackboard,ofwhatisrequired.

Essaymarkingcriteria

Firstclass(70---80)Structureandfocus• Engagescloselywiththequestionthroughout,showingamatureappreciationofitswider

implications.• Thestructureoftheargumentislucidandallowsforthedevelopmentofacoherentand

cogentargument.• Factualevidenceanddescriptivematerialisusedtosupportthewriter’sargument,andis

bothconciseandrelevant.Qualityofargumentandexpression• Thewritingwillbefluent,coherentandaccurate.• Thewritingwillgowellbeyondtheeffectiveparaphrasingoftheideasofotherhistorians.It

willshowthatthewriterhasagoodconceptualcommandofthehistoricaland,whererelevant,historiographicalissuesunderdiscussion.

• Theworkwilldisplayoriginalityandimagination,aswellasanalyticalskillsofahighorder.• Theworkwilldemonstratethatthewritercanmovebetweengeneralisationsanddetailed

discussionconfidently.Rangeofknowledge• Theanswerdemonstratesin---depthreadingandcriticalanalysisofthetexts,secondary

literatureand(whererelevant)contemporarysources.• Theanswerdemonstratesthatthewriterhasacomprehensiveknowledgeofthesubjectand

agoodunderstandingofthehistoricalperiodunderdiscussion.• Thewriterwilldemonstrateanabilitytoevaluatethenatureandstatusoftheinformation

attheirdisposalandidentifycontradictionsandattemptaresolution.Uppersecondclass(60---69)

Structureandfocus• Workwhichdisplaysanunderstandingofthequestion,anappreciationofsomeofitswider

implicationsandtriesseriouslytoengagewiththequestion.• Thestructureoftheanswerwillfacilitatethecleardevelopmentofthewriter’sargument.

Buttowardsthelowerendofthismarkbandthecandidatewillnotbeabletosustainaconsistentlyanalyticalapproach.

• Thewriterwilldeployrelevantevidencetosupporttheargument. Buttowardsthelowerendofthismarkband,thewritermaynotexplainthefullimplicationsoftheevidencecited.

Qualityofargumentandexpression• Theanswerwillbeclearandgenerallyaccurate,andwilldemonstrateanappreciationofthe

technicalvocabularyusedbyhistorians.• Theanswerwilldeploytheideasofotherhistoriansandtrytomovebeyondthem.Itwill

alsoshowsomeappreciationoftheextenttowhichhistoricalexplanationsarecontested.• Theanswermaynotdemonstraterealoriginalityorimagination,butthewriterwillpresent

ideaswithsomedegreeofintellectualindependence,andshowanabilitytoreflectonthepastanditsinterpretations.

Rangeofknowledge• Theanswerwilldisplayanextensive,butsometimesuneven,rangeofknowledge. Itwill

demonstrateevidenceofconsiderablereading.• Theanswerwilldemonstrateasenseofthenatureofhistoricaldevelopment.• Thewriterwilldemonstrateanabilitytomovebetweengeneralisationsanddetailed

discussions,althoughtheremaybeatendencytowardseitherover---generalisedoranover-

particularisedresponsetothequestion.• Thewriterwillreflectonthenatureoftheevidenceandsourcesavailabletothem,and

attempttouseitcritically.• Theanswerwilldemonstrateasecureunderstandingofthehistoricalperiodunder

discussion.Lowersecondclass(50---59)

Structureandfocus• Theworkwilldisplaysomeunderstandingofthequestion,butitmaylackasustainedfocus

andonlyalimitedunderstandingofthequestion’swiderimplications.• Thestructureoftheworkmaybedeterminedlargelybythematerialavailabletothewriter,

ratherthanbythedemandsofthequestion.Ideasmaybestatedratherthanfullydeveloped.

• Thewritingmayincludedescriptiveandfactualmaterial,butwithoutthekindofcriticalreflectioncharacteristicofanswersinhighermarkbands.

Qualityofargumentandexpression• Thewritingwillbesufficientlyaccuratetoconveythewriter’smeaning,butitmaylack

fluencyandcommandofthescholarlyidiomsusedbyhistorians.Itmaybeclumsyinplaces.

• Thewritingwillshowsomeunderstandingofhistorians’ideas.Butitmaynotreflectcriticallyuponthem.Theproblematicnatureofhistoricalexplanationsmaynotbefullyunderstood.

• Theanswerisunlikelytoshowanyintentionaloriginality,andmaytendtowardstheassertionofessentiallyderivativeideas.

Rangeofknowledge• Theanswerwillshowsignificantknowledge,butitmaybelimitedorpatchy. Itwillbe

sound,butmaycontainsomeinaccuracies.Therangeofreadingwillbelimited.• Theanswerwillshowonlylimitedawarenessofhistoricaldevelopment.• Thewritermayshowapronenesstopresenttoomuchnarrativeordescriptivematerial,

andmaypresentinformationwithoutreferencetothepreciserequirementsofthequestion.

• Informationmaybepresenteduncriticallyandtherewillbelittleattempttoevaluateitsstatusorsignificance.

• Theanswerwilldemonstratesomeappreciationofthenatureofthehistoricalperiodunderdiscussion.

Thirdclass(40---49)Structureandfocus• Workthatdisplayslittleunderstandingofthequestionandthewritermaytendtowrite

indiscriminatelyaroundit.• Theanswerwillhaveastructure,butitmaybeunderdeveloped,andtheargumentmaybe

incompleteanddevelopedinahaphazardandundisciplinedmanner.• Somedescriptivematerialwillbedeployed,butwithoutanycriticalreflectionofits

significanceorrelevanceQualityofargumentandexpression• Thewritingmaynotalwaysbegrammatical,anditmaylackthesophisticatedvocabulary

orconstructionneededtosustainacomplexhistoricalargument.Inplacesitmaylackclarityandfelicityofexpression.

• Therewillbelittleappreciationofthecontestedandproblematicnatureofhistoricalexplanations.

• Theanswerwillshownointentionaloriginalityofapproach

Rangeofknowledge• Therewillbesufficientknowledgetoframeabasicanswer,butitwillbepatchyandlimited.

Therearelikelytobesomeinaccuracies.• Therewillbesomeunderstandingofhistoricaldevelopment,butitwillbeunderdeveloped,

andtheideasofhistoriansandothersmaybemuddledormisunderstood.• Therewillbeanargument,butthewritermaybepronetoexcessivenarrative,andthe

argumentmaybesignpostedbybaldassertionsratherthaninformedgeneralisations.• Informationwillbeemployeduncriticallyasifitwasalwaysself---explanatory.• Theanswerwilldemonstrateonlyarudimentaryappreciationofthehistoricalperiodunder

discussion.Fail1(30---39)

Structureandfocus• Workthatdisplaysverylimitedunderstandingofthequestionandinmanyplaces

displaysatendencytowriteindiscriminatelyaroundit.• Theanswerwillhaveaweakstructurethatispoorlydeveloped.Thereisonlyalimited

andsomewhatincoherentargument.• Onlyalimitedamountofdescriptivematerialwillbedeployed,usuallywithoutanycritical

reflectiononitssignificanceorrelevance.Qualityofargumentandexpression• Thewritingwillfrequentlybeungrammatical,andwillnotbesuchasisrequiredto

sustainacomplexhistoricalargument.Itwilloftenlackclarityandfelicityofexpression.• Therewillbealmostnoappreciationofthecontestedandproblematicnatureofhistorical

explanations.• Theanswerwillshownointentionaloriginalityofapproach.Rangeofknowledge• Therewillonlybesufficientknowledgetoframeaverybasicanswer.Itwillcontainmany

inaccuracies.• Therewillbeonlyalimitedunderstandingofhistoricaldevelopment.• Therewillbeonlyverylimitedevidenceofanargument.• Informationwillbeemployeduncriticallyandasifitwasalwaysself---explanatory.• Theanswerwilldemonstrateonlyaveryrudimentaryandextremelylimitedappreciation

ofthehistoricalperiodunderdiscussion.Fail2(20---29)

Structureandfocus• Workthatdisplayslittleornorealunderstandingofthequestion.• Theanswerwillhaveaweakstructure,whichispoorlydeveloped.Thereisnocoherent

argument.• Onlyaverylimitedamountofdescriptivematerialwillbedeployed,withoutanycritical

reflectiononitssignificanceorrelevance.Someofitwillbeirrelevant.Qualityofargumentandexpression• Thewritingwillbeungrammatical.Ideaswillsometimesbepresentedinnoteform.• Therewillbenoappreciationofthecontestedandproblematicnatureofhistorical

explanations.• Theanswerwillshownointentionaloriginalityofapproach.Rangeofknowledge• Therewillnotbesufficientknowledgetoframeevenabasicanswer.• Therewillbenorealunderstandingofhistoricaldevelopment.• Therewillbelittleifanyevidenceofanargument.

• Itwillcontainlittlerelevantinformation.• Theanswerwilldemonstratenorealappreciationofthehistoricalperiodunderdiscussion.

ResultsTheexaminationperiods,whenfinalessaysaredueandaremarked,areaparticularlybusytimefortheDepartmentandwetrytoprovidestudentswiththeirresultsaspromptlyaswepossiblycan.Collegeregulationsprohibitusfromprovidingresultsoverthephoneortoathirdparty.SupplementalexaminationsSupplemental examinations are available for those who fail Freshmodules; since a final essayreplacestheexaminationsforJFstudents,thesupplementalassessmentwilltaketheformofanessayaswell.Topasstheyearyouneedtosecureanoverallmarkof40%andtoobtain60ECTS,eitherbypassingallmodulesorby ‘compensation’.Pleaserefer toCollegepolicyonpassingbycompensation.

Non---satisfactoryperformance

StudentswhohavefailedtoobtaincreditforonemoduleormoreineitherMichaelmasTermorHilaryTerm,foranyreasonslistedabove,maybereturnedas‘non---satisfactory’attheendofthatterm.YouwillbeinformedofthisdecisionthroughyourCollegeTutor.Ifyoubelievethatyoushouldnothavebeensorecorded,youshouldstateyourcasetoyourCollegeTutor,whomustsubmitanappealtotheDepartmentbythesecondMondayofthefollowingterm.Studentswhoarerecordedas‘non---satisfactory’inbothMichaelmasandHilaryTermsarenotentitledtocreditfortheyear,andmaybeexcludedfromsittingtheexaminations.

FailuretorisewiththeyearStudentsrepeatingayear,becauseoffailuretogainacademiccredit,arerequiredtoattendlecturesandtutorials,submitwrittenworkandperformallotherexercisesinthesamewayasiftheyweretakingtheyearforthefirsttime.Theymayberequiredtotakeadifferentcombinationofmodules.

Guidelinesforwritingessays

Preparation

Theusualpurposeofwritingahistoryessayistoansweraspecificquestionorsetofinterlockingquestions,nottoprovideamerechronologyofvaguelyrelatedevents.Wheretheessaytitledoesnotconsistofaspecificquestion,youshouldformulateyourownquestiontolimitthetopic.Youshouldprepareforanessaybyusingthereadinglistsprovidedbythemodulelecturer,whicharedirectlyrelevanttothesubject,makingusewhereappropriatealsoofrelevantreferenceworks.Inreading,youshouldattempttotakeaccountofhistoricalcontroversiessurroundingthetopic.Beforewritingtheessay,deviseanoutlinewithaclearstructure.Thismaybesubmittedwiththeessay.Essaysshouldconcentrateonargumentandanalysis,andnotnarrative.Anessaywhichsimplynarratesaseriesofeventswithoutanalysingthemwillalwaysscorealowmark,nomatterhowwellwrittenandpresenteditis.Inassessingessays,teacherstakeaccountofattributessuchascriticalability,rangeofreadingandanalysis,accuracy,structure,expression,presentationandoriginalityofthought.Themarkrepresentsamedleyofdistinctevaluations.Aninteresting,provocative,buttechnicallyflawed,essaymightreceivethesamegradeasonewhichissystematic,faultlesslypresented,butdull.Sourcinginformation

Alldirectandindirectquotations,aswellastheideasoropinionsofothers,mustbereferenced.Indirectquotationsshouldbeextensivelyreworded,reorderedandtheircontentsanalysed,inordertoavoidsuspicionofplagiarism.Asageneralrule,anyinformationtakenfromabook/article/websitemustbesourced.However,itisnotnecessarytosourcegeneralinformationorfacts(e.g.Hitlercametopowerin1933)whicharecommonknowledgeand/orcaneasilybeverified.

Structure

Thebasicstructureofanyessayshouldconsistofanintroduction,amainpart,aconclusion,andabibliography.Theintroductionshoulddefineaspecificquestionordiscussthequestionalreadyposedandoutlinehowthestudentintendsgoingaboutansweringthequestion.Anyterms/conceptsrequiringdefinitionshouldbedealtwithintheintroduction(e.g.‘WastheFirstWorldWaratotalwar?’requiresadefinitionofwhat‘totalwar’is.).

Themainpartofanessayshouldconsistofseveralcentralpoints,whichdealwithindividualaspectsofthequestionposedandleaduptoananswer,orasetofpossibleconclusionsbasedontheevidence.Aclearstructurewillmaketheargumentmorecoherentandeasiertofollow.

Theconclusionshouldmakeacasefortheargumentsputforwardintheessay.Thereaderdoesnotneedasummaryoftheprecedingpages,buttobeleftthinkingabouttheargumentsputforwardinaconciseandcoherentway.Theconclusiondoesnothavetobedefinitivebutmayconsiderpossibleimplicationsorfuturedirections.

Thebibliographyisdealtwithbelow.

Formatandprose

• Essaysmustbetypedorword-processedandmaybesubmittedasWord,.rtf,or.pdffiles.

• Pagesmustbenumberedconsecutively

• Textmustbespacedat1½ordoublewithgenerousleft-andright-handmargins.

• Fontsizemustbe12point;footnotesmustbe10point.

• Quotationslongerthanthreelinesshouldbeseparatedfromthetextandindented(reducedfontsizeorsinglelinespacingareoptionalbutmustbeappliedconsistently).

• Paragraphsshouldbelimitedtolessthanapageandthedevelopmentofasinglepoint;singlesentenceparagraphsshouldbeavoided.

• Writefullsentences,donotlinktwogrammaticallyseparatesentenceswithacomma.(Theprevioussentencemakesthismistakeinordertodemonstrateit.)Allsentencesbeginwithacapitalletterandendwithafullstop.Thisappliestofootnotesaswellastext.Quotations,too,mustendwithafullstopatsomepoint:thefootnotenumberandtheinvertedcommasarenosubstituteforthefullstop.

• Wherepossibletheactiveratherthanthepassiveformshouldbeused(again,thissentencemakesthemistakeinordertodemonstrateit).

• Avoidabbreviations(e.g.‘esp.’forespecially)asmuchaspossiblewithinthetext.Whereabbreviationsareusedtheyshouldbeconsistentthroughouttheessay.

• Usethefirstperson(‘I’,‘we’)verysparinglyifatall.

• Elisions(e.g.doesn’t,isn’t)aswellasslang,jargonandanexcessiveuseofmetaphorsconstituteinformalstylenotsuitedtoaformalscholarlyessay.

• Afrequentmistakemadeistheuseofit’s(itis)insteadofits.

• Useitalicsforforeignwordsandthetitlesofbooks,films,etc.withinthetext.

• Spelloutallnumberslessthan101shouldbespeltout,exceptingroupsorinstatisticaldiscussion.Figuresinthousands,suchas5,000,takeacomma.

• Noteelisions:156---9,but(forteens)115---16.

• Datesshouldbeformattedinthefollowingmanner:12December1970(nocomma)inthetext;12Dec.1970infootnotes.Elisions:1834---5,1816---17,exceptthat inarticleheadingsandincitingtitlesofbooksandarticlesuse1834---1835,i.e.withoutelision.Placeacommabeforedatesintitlesofbooksandarticles.Decades:1850snot1850’s;eightiesnot ‘80s.‘Sixteenthcentury’(noun,withouthyphen);‘sixteenth---century’(adjective,withhyphen).

• ‘From1785to1789’,not‘from1785---89’;likewise‘between1785and1789’,not‘between1785---89’.

• Paysattentionshouldbepaidtospellingandgrammar;names,placenames,andforeignwordsarefrequentlymisspelled.

• Re---readyourworkbeforesubmitting itand, ifpossible,asksomeoneelsetoreaditaswell.

Referencing

Bibliography

Everyessaymustcontainabibliography,situatedattheendoftheessay,listingtheworksconsulted.Onlyworksactuallyconsultedshouldbelisted.Therearedifferentmethodsofconstructingabibliography;themainthingisthatitisconsistentwithinitselfandthatsufficientinformationissuppliedtotracethematerialslisted.Dividethebibliographyintoprimarysourcesandsecondarysources.

Primarysources• Primarysources,dependingonyourfield,mightinclude:

Manuscriptsources(listbyorderofarchive)OfficialpublicationsNewspapersandperiodicalsContemporaryprintedtextsandmoderneditionsofcontemporarysources

• Aseveryone'srangeofprimarysourceswilldifferconsultwithyourmodulelecturerorteachingassistantastothemostappropriatemethodofarrangingyourparticularbibliography.

• When listing primary sources (especiallymedieval) without an apparent author the textshouldbe listedfirst followedbythenameoftheeditor.Wheretheauthor isknowntheeditoroftheeditionusedmustalsobeincluded.Forexample,DieChronikenBertholdsvonReichenauundBertoldsvonKonstanz,ed.I.S.Robinson(Hanover,2003).

SecondarysourcesBooksandarticlesshouldbelistedassecondarysources.

BooksWhencitingabook,observethefollowingorder:

• author’ssurname• author’sfirst name• Editorsshouldbeidentifiedassuchbyplacing‘(ed.)’aftertheirname–e.g.Roger

Griffin(ed.).Formorethanoneeditoruse‘(eds)’.• titleinitalics• placeanddateofpublication(Theplaceofpublicationisthetownandnotthecountry

(e.g.LondonandnotEnglandorGreatBritain;Princeton,NJ,notjustNewJersey.)• editionusedanddateoffirstedition(ifnotfirstedition),forexample:

Barry,T.B.,ThearchaeologyofmedievalIreland(London,1987;latestedn;London,2004)ÓSiochrú,Micheál(ed.),Kingdomsincrisis:Irelandinthe1640s(Dublin,2000)Fitzpatrick,David,HarryBoland’sIrishrevolution(Cork,2003)

• Thecommonabbreviationforpageis‘p.’,forpages‘pp.’(e.g.p.3andpp.3---5).

ArticlesinbooksWhencitingabookchapter,observethefollowingorder:

• author’ssurname• author’sfirst name• titleofthechapter• editor’soreditors’fullnameornames• titleofbook• placeanddateofpublication• editionanddateoffirstedition(ifnotfirstedition)• pagenumbersofthefullchapter

Forexample:Duffy,Sean,‘HenryIIandEngland'sinsularneighbours’,inChristopherHarper---BillandNicholasVincent(eds),HenryII:newinterpretations(Woodbridge,2007),129–53.Murdock,Graeme,‘Amagyarreformatusegyhaztortenet---iras’,inG.Fazakas,D.Csorba&B.Barath(eds),Egyhazeskegyessegakoraujkorban.Kutatastortenetitanulmanyok(Debrecen,2009),59---82.O’Neill,Ciaran,‘Pearse,Parnell&thepriests:historyandpoliticsintheIrishschoolboynovel’,inK.Jencova(ed.),ThepoliticsofIrishwriting(Prague,2010),69---77.

Articlesinjournals

Whencitingajournalarticle,observethefollowingorder:• author’ssurname• author’sfirst name• titleofarticle• nameofjournal• volume,number,andyearofjournal• pagenumbersofarticle• editionanddateoffirstedition(ifnotfirstedition)

Forexample:Gallagher,Niav,‘TheFranciscansandtheScottishwarsofindependence:anIrishperspective’,JournalofMedievalHistory,32(2006),3---17.Clarke,Joseph,‘Cenotaphsandcypresstrees:commemoratingthecitizen---soldierintheYearII’,FrenchHistory,22(2008),218---40.

WebsitesWhencitingawebsite,observethefollowingorder:

• nameofwebsite• exactwebsiteaddressinbrackets(URL)• dateofaccess

Forexample:TrinityCollegeDublin(http://www.tcd.ie)[accessed:1September2016].

**Alwaysbesurethatthewebsitesyouareconsultingarereputableandauthoritativesourcesofinformation.Yourmodulelecturerortutorialteachercanhelpyoudeterminethisifyouarenotsure.

Issueswillariseinyourbibliographybecauseoftheindividualnatureofyourresearch.Consultyourinstructorifyouareindoubtaboutanyissuesofpresentationorcitation.

Footnotes

Referencesmustbeinsertedasconsecutivelynumberedfootnotesaftertherelevanttextpassage.Referencesmustbeconsistentandunambiguous,containingprecisepagereferences,notonlyfordirectquotationsbutalsoforindirectones.Poorcitationmayleadtotheimpairmentofgrades.

**Somemodulelecturershavepreferredstylesheets.PopularonesintheDepartmentaretherulesforcontributorstothejournalsIrishHistoricalStudiesandTheHistoricalJournal.Youcanconsulttheseathttp://www.irishhistoricalstudies.ie/rulesforcontribs.pdfandhttp://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayMoreInfo?jid=HIS&type=ifc.Onceyousettleonastylesheetuseitconsistentlyinyourwork.

Thesearejustsomegeneralguidelinesthatapplyacrossthestylesheetscommonlyusedinhistoricaljournalsandbooks.

• Thefirstreferencetoaparticularworkshouldcontainthesameinformationasthebibliographicentrywithjusttwodifferences:

i. theorderoftheauthor’snameisreversed,soauthor’sfirstnameandthensurname

ii. andyoumustincludespecificpagereferences

Forexample:DavidFitzpatrick,HarryBoland’sIrishrevolution(Cork,2003),57.

• Subsequentreferencestothesamesourceshoulduseanabbreviatedform(author’ssurname,abbreviatedtitle,pagenumber(s)).Wherereferencesareidentical(oronlyrefertodifferentpageorvolumenumbers)andfollowoneanotherimmediately,thesecondandfollowingonesmaybeabbreviatedwith‘Ibid.’(i.e.‘justthere’)orbyashorttitle:Simms,KingstoWarlords.Donotuse‘ibid.’wherethereismorethanonereferenceintheprecedingnote.Use‘idem’todenotearepetitionoftheimmediatelyprecedingauthor’sname,whereonlyadifferentbookorarticletitle(andpagereferences)needstoberecorded.Use‘passim’todenotethatatopicisreferredtoperiodicallythroughoutthesourcecited.Donotuse‘op.cit.’or‘loc. cit.’Onlyuse‘cf.’whenitreallydoesmean‘compare’;otherwiseuse‘see’.Forexample:

1 MriduRai,HinduRulers,MuslimSubjects:Islam,RightsandtheHistoryofKashmir(PrincetonNJ,

2004),122---362 DanielGeary,‘CareyMcWilliamsandantifascism,1934---1943’,Journalof

AmericanHistory,90(2003),912---34,atpp.919---203 Rai,HinduRulers,14---18.4 Geary,‘CareyMcWilliams’,933.

• Whenabbreviatingmonthsinfootnotes,notestandardabbreviations:Jan.,Feb.,Mar.,Apr.,May,Jun.,Jul.,Aug.,Sept.,Oct.,Nov.,Dec.

• Useabbreviations(e.g.forarchiverepositories)onlyiftheabbreviationhasbeenexplainedintheinitialreference

• Footnotesshouldnotingeneralbediscursive.Occasionally,theymaybeusedtoprovidefurtherexplanatoryinformationwhichisofsecondaryimportancetothepointbeingmadeandwoulddisrupttheflowoftheargument.

Section4:Importantdates

JUNIORFRESHSINGLEHONORSNote:AllessaysdueviaBlackboardat11:00ontherelevantdate

WEEK DATE MICHAELMASTERM2020

2 Mon5Oct Lecturesbegininallmodules

4 w/b12Oct Tutorialsbeginfromthisweek

9 Mon23Nov Submissionofessay1in:• HIU12020KingshipandWarfare:Ireland,c.1000-1318

10 Mon30Nov Submissionofessay1in:

• HIU12021ReligionandSociety,c.1095-c.1517

11 Mon7Dec Submissionofessay1in5ECTmodule:• HIU12022EarlyChristianIrelandc.400-1000

12 Mon14Dec Submissionofportfolioin:• HIU11001DoingHistory:Sources

12 Fri18Dec Teachingends

Mon11Jan Submissionofessay2in:• HIU12020KingshipandWarfare:Ireland,c.1000-1318

Fri15Jan Submissionofessay2in:• HIU12021ReligionandSociety,c.1095-c.1517

Mon18Jan Submissionofessay2in5ECTmodule:• HIU12022EarlyChristianIrelandc.400-1000

WEEK DATE HILARYTERM2021

1 Mon1Feb Lecturesbegininallmodules

3 w/b15Feb Tutorialsbeginfromthisweek

7 Mon15Mar READINGWEEK

10 Tues6Apr Submissionofessay1in:• HIU12023IrelandC.1534-1815:ASurvey

11 Mon12Apr Submissionofessay1in:• HIU12024Europec.1500-1800:PowerandCulture

12 Mon19Apr SubmissionofEssay1in5ECTSmodule:• HIU12025ClimateintheAncient&MedievalWorlds

12 Fri23Apr Teachingends Tuesday4May Submissionofessay2in:

• HIU12023IrelandC.1534-1815:ASurvey

Fri7May Submissionofessay2in:• HIU12024Europec.1500-1800:PowerandCulture

Mon10May Submissionofessay2in:• HIU12025ClimateintheAncient&MedievalWorlds

Fri14May Submissionofessayin:• HIU11002DoingHistory:Interpretations