H A N D B O O K of SOI^GEL SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY

Processing, Characterization and Applications

•

edited by

Sumio Sakka Professor Emeritus of Kyoto University

Hirakata, Osaka, Japan

VOLUME III APPLICATIONS of

SOL-GEL TECHNOLOGY

Volume editor:

Sumio Sakka Professor Emeritus of Kyoto University

Hirakata, Osaka, Japan

KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS Boston/Dordrecht/London

Contents

Preface to Handbook by Sumio Sakka ix Preface to Volume 3 by Sumio Sakka xi List of Contributors xiii

DENSE AND POROUS MATERIALS

1. The Outline of Applications of the Sol-Gel Method 3 Sumio Sakka

2. Fabrication of Large Near Net Shapes of Fiber Optic Quality Silica 27 Dennis J. Trevor

3. Monolithic Porous Silica for High Speed H P L C 65 Kazuki Nakanisbi

4. Hydrophobic Silica Aerogel 73 H. Yokqgawa

5. Densification of Aerogels: From Optical Glasses to Nuclear Waste Confinement 85 / . Phalippou, P. Dieudonne, A. Faivre and T. Woignier

6. Sol-Gel Derived Oxide Powders as Precursors for Sintered Ceramics 103 P. Sujatha Devi and Dibyendu Ganßuli

7. Sol-Gel Processed Membranes 139 C. Guizard, A. Ayral, M. Barboiu and A. Julbe

PARTICLES AND FIBERS

8. Silica Spherical Microparticles Applied as Spacers 181 Tatsuhiko Adacbi

9. Sol-Gel Abrasive Grains—History, Precursor Properties and Microstructural Control 191 Thomas E. Wood, Dwißht D. Erickson, Mark G. Schwabel and Chris J. Goodbrake

10. Sol-Gel Prepared Glass and Ceramic Fibers 207 Kanichi Kamiya

LASERS AND RELATED MATERIALS

11 . Sol-Gel Processing for Spectral Hole-Burning Materials 223 Masayuki Nojjami

12. Sol-Gel Processed Lasers 239 Renata Reisfeld

CONTENTS

13. Photonic Crystals Fabricated by Sol-Gel Process 263 Makoto Kuwabara

ENVIRONMENTS AND ENERGY

14. Solar Cells Based on Sol-Gel Films 295 Michael Grätzel

15. Sol-Gel Processing for Battery and Fuel Cell Applications 311 L.C. Klein, M. Aparicio and F. Damay

16. Sol-Gel Derived Silicate Based Composite Electrode 329 O. Lev, D. Rizkov, S. Mizrahi, I. Ekeltchik, Z.G. Kipervaser, V. Gitis, A. Goifman, A. Kamyshny Jr., A.D. Modestov and J. Gun

17. Sol-Gel Processed Photocatalytic Titania Films 355 Naoya Toshida and Toshiya Watanabe

18. Coatings with Photocatalyst on Architectural Glass 385 Hirokazu Tanaka and Shißeki Obana

19. Sol-Gel Protective Coatings for Metals 399 Alicia Duran, Tolanda Castro, Ana Conde and Juan Jose de Damborenea

20. Inorganic Coating Materials for Buildings 445 Koichi Takahama

2 1 . Inorganic-Organic Polymers with Barrier Properties Against Water Vapor, Oxygen and Migrating Monomers 455 S. Amberß-Schwab

22. Sol-Gel Materials for Art Conservation 479 P.P. Bescher and J.D. Mackenzie

APPLICATIONS TO ORGANIC AND BIO-MATERIALS

23 . Fullerene Nano-Composites Prepared via Soft-Chemistry Routes 493 Plinio Innocenzi

24. Catalysis and Reactivity with Sol-Gel Entrapped Organic and Organometallic Chemicals 507 Jochanan Blum and David Avnir

25. Inorganic-Organic Hybrids for Biomedical Applications 527 Akiyoshi Osaka, Kanji Tsuru and Satoshi Hayakawa

26. Hybrid Sol/Gels for DNA Arrays and Other Lab-on-a-Chip Applications 551 Caner Durucan and Carlo G. Pantano

27. Application of Sol-Gel Processing to Wood-Inorganic Composites 577 Shiro Saka and Hisashi Miyafuji

CONTENTS V l l

VI. FUNCTIONAL COATINGS

28. Colored Coating with Organic Dyes and Pigments 599 Hiroyuki Nakazumi

29. Colored Coatings with Metal Colloids 623 Martin Mennig and Helmut Schmidt

30. Sol-Gel Micropatterning Process 637 Atsunori Matsuda

31. Sol-Gel Preparation of Reflective Coatings 661 Kensuke Makita

32. Sol-Gel Prepared Antireflective Coatings 677 Seiji Tamazaki

33. Sol-Gel Coatings Applied to Automotive Windows 691 T. Toneda, T. Sanada and T. Morimoto

34. Sol-Gel Coating of the Panel of Cathode Ray Tube for Improving the Quality of Display 703 Takeo Ito

35. Sol-Gel Coatings for Electrochromic Devices 719 Sabine Heusing and Michel A. Aegerter

Index , 761