handoutLecture1 itcp.doc

8/14/2019 handoutLecture1 itcp.doc

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Windows and its ComponentsThe main components of Windows when you start your computer are the Desktop( MyComputer( 'ecycle Bin( Start Button( Taskbar, and shortcutsto applications)

$fter openin an application( you will also ha#e a window with an acti#e application

which will appear in your desktop and taskbar)

Desktop

TheDesktopis the #ery first screen you see after Windows starts) There you find thefolders* My Documents( My Computer( the 'ecycle Bin and any Shortcuts for

applications and files that you ha#e created)


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My Computer

When you double+click on the My Computericon on the desktop( it will open a window

similar to the one shown below( where you can na#iate between the computer,s dri#es

and Control "anel tools)

Recycle Bin

When you delete a file from your computer,s hard dri#e( it is remo#ed to the folder called

Recycle Bin.&iles deleted from your hard dri#e are still a#ailable for

restorin if needed( unless you empty your 'ecycle Bin)

To restore the files( open the 'ecycle Bin folder by double+clickin

the icon on your desktop( select the file and then select Restore.


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To clear the 'ecycle Bin( select Empty Recycle Binand the files will be

permanently remo#ed from your computer)

%ote that the recycle bin does notapply to the contents of a floppy disk) -f you delete afile from a floppy disk( it is permanently deleted( and you cannot restore it)

Minimize/Maximize/Close Buttons-n the top+riht corner of your document are the Minimize/Maximize/Closebuttons)

The first one when clicked minimize your screen( sendin it to the taskbar) The second

one maximize your screen( fillin all desktop with the document you are workin

with)The last button is used to close your document)

-t is best practice to work with your document window maximized)

Start MenuBy clickin the Startbutton( in the #ery bottom+left corner of the screen( a #ertical

window will come up with the Start Menu)

The list of submenus in the pop+up window let you na#iate and select the application

you want to run)


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ask!ar

Theask!aris the row at the bottom of the Windows screen where all currently openapplications or files are listed)

The taskbar is used to select a file or application that is already opened or to put anapplication in the foreround)

To put an application in the foreround( .ust click on the icon of the application in thetaskbar) $nother way to put an application in the foreround when more than one is in

use is to hold the $T button and then click T$B on your keyboard to see all the open

applications0 you will need to hold the $T button and continue pressin T$B to othrouh each application until you come to the one you want to use)

S"ortcut

$ s"ortcutcreates a button or icon which typically stays on the desktop and when

clicked( 1uickly allows you to start a proram or open a file withoutha#in to o to its permanent location on your computer)

To create a shortcut(open the Windows 2xplorer or o to the Startmenu( select the file or proram you want to create a shortcut for(


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place the cursor on the icon for the file( then riht+click and select Create S"ortcut from

the menu that pops up) The shortcut file will be created) $fter that( you dra the shortcut

file to the desktop and whene#er you click on it( it will open the application or documentrelated to the shortcut)

Ri#"t and $e%t Click

To use the mouse( usually you clickthe le%tbutton) !owe#er you can also ri#"t&clicktodisplay a hidden menu related to the ob.ect you are in when clickin) This menu can #ary

dependin on which application you are usin)

With riht+clickin( you can operate different functions such as*

Copy/cut or paste a text( file( or folder)

'ename or delete a file or folder)


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Multitaskin#

The term multitaskin#means to be runnin or workin in two or more applications atthe same time) 3ou can be more producti#e by multitaskin) &or instance( you can

download files from the -nternet while manain your files or word processin)

-n order to switch between the applications you can use the Taskbar( clickin on the icon

of the application you want to ha#e in the foreround)
http://popup2%28%27taskbar.html%27%2C%27toolbar%3Dyes%2Cscrollbars%3Dyes%2Cresizable%3Dyes%2Cwidth%3D600%2Cheight%3D450%2Cscreenx%3D0%2Cscreeny%3D0%2Ctop%3D20%2Cleft%3D60%27%29/http://popup2%28%27taskbar.html%27%2C%27toolbar%3Dyes%2Cscrollbars%3Dyes%2Cresizable%3Dyes%2Cwidth%3D600%2Cheight%3D450%2Cscreenx%3D0%2Cscreeny%3D0%2Ctop%3D20%2Cleft%3D60%27%29/


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'i#"li#"t

"ut your cursor at the beinnin of a word or sentence you want to hihliht( then click

and dra your mouse to the end of the selection)

Copy/Cut and (aste ext

Copy is used when you want to ha#e an area of text froma document twice at the same document or in anotherdocument) 3ou first select the area of the text by

hihlihtin it and then press CT'4C( or o toEditmenu and select Copy)

Cut is used to delete an area of text from a document)3ou first select the area of the text by hihlihtin it and

then press CT'45( or o toEdit menu and select Cut)


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(aste is used to insert an area of text or imae in a

document by hittin CT'46 or in the 2dit menu

selectin (aste)

$nother way of usin the copy( cut or paste commands isusin the riht+click button of your mouse)

7) $fter hihlihtin the text you riht+click and a

menu will appear where you can select Copyor

Cut)

8) To paste you .ust insert your cursor where you

want( riht+click and select (aste)

Copying or cutting and pasting a text in Microsoft Word:

7) !ihliht the text you want to copy or cut( press CT'4C 9for copy: or CT'45

9for paste:)

8) -nsert your cursor where you want to paste the text)

;) "aste your text by pressin CT'46) The text will appear)


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Standard and )ormattin# ool!ars

Toolbars are rows of buttons and boxes) When you click on a button or box( an

application opens or a task is performed) Toolbars normally appear at the top of an

application,s window) The Standard ool!arshown in the imae below is fromWindows 2xplorer0 the standard toolbars in other applications may ha#e buttons that

allow youto open a new document( sa#e( print( and spell check)

The )ormattin# ool!aris used to format a text usin alinments( font type( font size(

bold( italic( and lists) -t is pro#ided in most applications) The imae below shows the

&ormattin Toolbar from %etscape Composer)

Sa*e and/or Sa*e +s


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Sa*eis used when*

-t is the first time you are sa#in a file)

3ou want to keep sa#in a existin file in

different moments that you are workin on it)

-t is the end of a workin period)

%ote that clickin Sa#e will replace whate#er file you

were workin on)


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ew )older

To create a ew )older( which means a new directory 9a place where documents from

the same sub.ect are stored:( o to the )ile menu( then ewand select )olderfrom thepop+up menu( either in My Computeror in Windows Explorer.

To open Windows 2xplorer( click the Startbutton( select

(ro#rams/+ccessories/Windows Explorer.

Copy/Mo*e )iles

To copyand mo*ea file or folder( use Windows 2xplorer)

To open the 2xplorer application( click the Startbutton and select (ro#rams and

Windows Explorer9some computer ha#e 2xplorer under "rorams/$ccessories:)

Copyor mo*ea file usin Menucommand*


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!ere is an example of drain and droppin a file from the hard dri#e to the floppy

dri#e in Windows 2xplorer*

7) Select the file( hold down the left mouse button and dra it in the direction of thefloppy dri#e on the left side)

8) $fter the floppy dri#e hihlihts you can release the mouse button0 the file will be

dropped and copied there)


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)ile Extensions

$ file extension is the three letters of a file name after the dot) -t is created by theapplication when you sa#e a file) -t is the way operation systems identify which

application to use to open a file) Windows often doesn,t list them when you are searchinfor a file( but they are there) 2xamples are* )txt( )doc( )exe( )html( ).p( )if( )wa#)

!owe#er( sometimes you will want to sa#e a file with different extensions) -n order to dothat( select Sa*e +sin the &ile menu) The Sa*e +sbox will open) Choose from the drop+

down menu next toSa*e +s ypethe type you want to sa#e) The extension of the type

will be created for you by the application)

!ere is an example from Microsoft Word*

Some file extensions*


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To select the hard dri#e or floppy dri#e for file manaement you can o to either

Windows Explorerin prorams or to My Computeron the desktop)

-n Windows Explorerselect the "ard or %loppy dri*e)

Hard Drive C:

Floppy Drive A:

or in My Computer, select the 'ardor )loppy Dri*e)


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Hard Drive C:

Floppy Drive A:

Rename/Delete a )older or )ile

Asin Windows Explorer you can rename or delete a file or folder)

To Renamea file or folder*

7) %a#iate and select the file or folder you want to rename from the proper dri#e9c*( a*:)

8)


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To Deletea file or folder*

7) %a#iate and select the file or folder you want to delete.

8)


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$nother way of renamin or deletin a file or folder is usin the riht+clickbutton of

your mouse) $fter hihlihtin the file or folder( you riht+click and a menu will appear

where you can select Rename or Delete.

Di%%erent ypes o% Commputers

Brie% "istory o% computers

3ear -n#ented by %ame of the computer

77+77 Charles Babbae $nalytical 2nine+ &ather of computers

78; ady o#elace "unch cards E Mother of computers

$uusta $da Fin &irst computer prorammer

7; Fonrad Guse @ Mauchly I 2ckert 2%-$C

+pplications, merits and demerits o% a computer

+pplications*

Science :-Ased by scientists to analyze lare 1uantity of data to analyze the effectof earth1uake on buildins and dams for satellite launchin and remote

controllin)
http://popup2%28%27click.html%27%2C%27toolbar%3Dyes%2Cscrollbars%3Dyes%2Cresizable%3Dyes%2Cwidth%3D600%2Cheight%3D450%2Cscreenx%3D0%2Cscreeny%3D0%2Ctop%3D20%2Cleft%3D60%27%29/http://popup2%28%27click.html%27%2C%27toolbar%3Dyes%2Cscrollbars%3Dyes%2Cresizable%3Dyes%2Cwidth%3D600%2Cheight%3D450%2Cscreenx%3D0%2Cscreeny%3D0%2Ctop%3D20%2Cleft%3D60%27%29/


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Education:-2+earnin is becomin popular) Computers are used as teachin aid

in ma.ority of educational institutions)

Medicine and Health*+Dianosin the illness to monitorin the patientJs status tillhis complete reco#ery)

Asin the computer enerated imaes and results0 they can pin+point the cause of

the disease Engineering/Architecture/Manufacturing:-2nineers and architects use the

computers for plannin( desinin and drawin the layouts for house( roads( dams

etc)

Communication:-send and recei#e e+mails( e+shoppin( e+bankin( e+commerce(

e+learnin etc)

Business and banking*+&or numerous administrati#e purposes( preparin salarybills

Ased in bankin( insurance sectors and marketin for online payments and

transactions( publishin etc) =nline business

Governments:-Ased for weather forecastin( in military( satellite launchin andcontrollin( communication( e+o#ernment etc)

&or police force to search for the information on criminals( crime scenes( dri#inlicenses etc)

Entertainment:-Ased in music industry( ames etc) Computer animation and colorful raphics with multimedia effect)

Merits&

Seed:-The computers can process data at #ery hih speed) Speed is measured in terms in terms of M-"S and B-"S)

Accurac!:-The results produced by the computer are #ery accurate)

"eliabilit!:--t i#es correct and consistent result always e#en if they are used inad#erse conditions)

Storage caabilit!:-They can store lare amounts of data and can be retrie#ed at

any time in fraction of a second)

#ersatilit!:-They can do #ariety of .obs based on the instructions i#en to them)

$iligence:-They can perform complicated work without any break for days

toether0 e#en year toether without committin any error)

De&merits&

%on-&ntelligent:--t .ust performs the specified operations)

-t does not think whene#er it finds a command( instead it works accordinly) -t does not possess any intellient for analyzin the problem)

&nactive:--f the power supply is stopped then the computer ceases to work)


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Di%%erent types o% computers)

Diital Computer

Based on technology $nalo Computer

!ybrid computer

(ES 0) C0M(1ERS

Micro computer

Mini computer

Computers for Main frame computer

organization

Super computer

l. Computers !ased on tec"nolo#y&

$igital comuter*+Computers accept and process data in terms of diital data suchas KJs and 7Js

Series of consecuti#e bits is called a byte

Series of bytes represent data or instruction2)) 9"ersonal Diital Computer $ssistant:

Analog comuter*+They accept data whose #alues keep chanin with respect totime)


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Data may be in the form of continuous #oltaes( fre1uencies( temperature etc)

"rocessin is done on continuously #aryin sinals)

2)) Speedometer

H!brid Comuter*+-t is desined to handle diital and analo computers and

hence also called analo+diital computer) $ccepts analo sinals and con#erts into diital form)

2. Computers %or or#anization&

Micro Comuter*+-t is powerful( easy maintenance( low cost( unporable)

-t is the most common type of "C and commonly called as desktop)

They are small in size and do not ha#e lare storae capacities) The lenth of amicrocomputer lines in the rane +;8 bits

2))* -BM "C( "S/8

Mini comuter*+Computers with capabilities intermediate of that between main

frame and micro computers) !ence called mid+rane computers)Word lenth is ;8 bits

-t is used by small and mid+size business oranizations)

Main frame comuter:--t is more powerful than micro computers and their word

lenth size is >(@K or @> bitsThey ha#e hih processin speeds and can store lare amounts of data

They are used in research oranizations( lare industries( and lare business and

o#ernment oranizationsThey consume more electricity

2))* -BM ;KKK series( A%-6$C 77K

Suer comuters*+Computers that are used for scientific and enineerin

applications)

Word lenth is @>+@ bit)

They can handle #ery lare data bases or a reat amount of data computation)They can perform one trillion operations per second)

Ased in the field of science and defense( desinin and launchin missiles( weather

forecastin( biomedical research!ihest processin speed for at a i#en time)

2)* C'$3+;( !-T$C S+;KK