Copyright © 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved.

Unit 8

Hard Drive

Technologies

2

The disk surface is divided

into tracks.

3

Platter1, Track1

Platter2, Track1

Platter3, Track1

Platter4, Track1

Most Hard Drives Have

Multiple Platters

4

The eight track 1’s are referred to

collectively as “Cylinder 1.”

5

Read\Write

HeadPlatter

6

7

8

One Sector =

512 Bytes

9

Cluster

10

Cluster

• The smallest unit of disk space that

the OS can allocate to a file.

• It consists of one or more sectors.

• Generally, the larger the disk drive,

the more sectors per cluster.

Copyright © 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hard Drive

Interfaces

12

ST-506/ESDI Interface

13

The Drive Controller

• Interface between the drive and the

motherboard (system controller)

• Obsolete as separate cards

• Integrated with the motherboard

and drives

14

Legacy Drive Controller

15

IDE/EIDE Interface

40-pin data connector Configuration Jumpers

16

EIDE Controller

17

SCSI Interface

50-pin data connector

Configuration Jumpers?

18

SCSI Host Adapter

External

Internal

19

SATA Interface

Copyright © 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hard Drive

Installation and

Setup

21

IDE Cables

22

Motherboard Ports

23

Master/Slave Settings

24

EIDE

• Enhanced IDE

• Larger Drive Capacity

• Faster Transfers

• Two ports, and two devices on each port

• ATAPI

2525

Mounting Screws

Mounting screws

Power connector

Control cable

26

Safety First

• Turn off the power before you open the computer.

• Wear an antistatic wrist band grounded to the computer when handling any computer component.

• Be careful of the sharp wires on the component side of the disk drive.

Physical Drive Logical Drive

28

17

Setup

Standard

PCI/PnP

ChipsetAdvanced

P e r i p h e r a lP o w e r M g m t

Standard Setup

Pri Master Pri Slave Sec Master Sec Slave

Floppy A Floppy B

17

Date/Time

29

Master and Slave on same

cable.

30

Mounting Screws

Mounting Screws

Power Connector

Control cable

31

Hard drive removal

• Open the cabinet.

• Disconnect cables.

• Remove mounting screws.

• Lift out the drive.

32

Power Connector

Control cable

33

Power Connector

Control Cable

34

FRAGILE

Handle the hard drive with

care.

DO NOT

DROP

OR

JAR

35

36

Primary Slave Hard Disk

Type : Auto

LBA/Large Mode : Off

Block Mode : Off

32Bit Mode : Off

PIO Mode : Auto

37

SATA

• Serial AT Attachment (SATA) standard

• Data storage standard

• Interface transparent to operating

system

• Supports previous parallel ATA

standards

• Burst rate 150 MB/sec

38

SATA Interface

Signal

ContactsSignal

Cable

Connector

Drive Socket

AssemblyCable

Assemblies

39

SATA Interface

Power

Contacts

Power Supply

Cable Connector

Cable

Assemblies

Drive Socket

Assembly

40

SATA Interface

Manufacturer

Test Pins

Cable

Assemblies

Drive Socket

Assembly

41

SATA Hard Disk Drive

Test Pins

Power

Adapter Plug

Signal

Connector

Power

Connector

Copyright © 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hard Drive

Partitions

43

File Allocation Table (FAT)

• OS’s road map to the disk

• How the OS keeps track of which clusters belong to which files

• How the OS keeps track of bad sectors

• Two copies maintained and kept up to date.

44

Formatting

• Low Level Formatting -Performed by the Drive Manufacturer.

• High Level Formatting -Performed by the PC User via the FORMAT Command.

Blank Disk Sectors and

tracks defined

Low-Level Formatting

46

Low Level Formatting

• Performed at the factory.

• Converts the single blank surface into tracks and sectors.

• Finds and remaps bad spots on the disk so that the operating system can avoid them.

47

High Level Formatting

• Originally performed by the vendor

of the computer.

• Creates boot record, FAT, and the

root directory.

• Performed with the FORMAT

command.

48

Partitioning

• Makes the hard disk compatible with the OS

• Prepares hard disk for high-level format

• Divides hard disk into partitions or makes it one large partition

• Performed with the FDISK utility

49

FAT and FAT 16

• DOS, Win 95, Win 98

• 2 GB Maximum Partition

• 32 KB Cluster @ 2 GB

50

VFAT

• Win 95 and Win 98

• 2 GB Maximum Partition

• 32 K Cluster @ 2 GB

• Long File Names