Hard Drive Technology

By: Jacques Dady Jean

Objective of this presentation

• Understanding the Hard Disk Drive (HDD)Technology

• The Functions of the HDD• Difference between SATA and PATA Drive• How to install Hard Disk Drive• How to troubleshoot Hard Drive issues• How to maintain Hard Drive

By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org

Hard Disk Drive

• Traditional Hard Drive Store Data magnetically onto spinning platters; using a fast moving actuator -arm with read/write heads

• Primary data storage in Desktop and laptop computer

By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org

Solid State Drive

• Solid State Drive uses Read/Write Memory to store data

• Has no moving part• Produce no heat• Last longer

By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org

Drive Speed and Capacity

• 10000 and 15000 RPM, – Standard for enthusiast and server computers

• 7200 RPM– Standard for desktop computer

• Drive speed can be 5400– Standard for portable computer

• Drive capacity is measure in GB (gigabyte) or in TB(Terabyte)

• 1TB = 1024 GB• 1GB = 1024 MB• 1PB = 1Million GB, 1000 TB

Types of Drive

• PATA• SATA• SCSI

By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org

ATA, Advanced Technology Attachment

• 2 styles of ATA drives-Paralleled ATA(PATA) and Serial ATA (SATA)

• All PATA Drives use a Molex power connector, lower speed PATA drives use a 40-pin ribbon cable and faster dives use a 80-wire cable called IDE or EIDE cable, which stand for integrated Drive Electronics

• IDE cable is 18 inches long

Hard Drive Jumper Setting

• Master• Slave• Single

PATA Hard drive and optical drive

• PATA drive– Use IDE cable for Data

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IDE CableIDE Cable18” longCan support 2 drives

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SATA Drive

• SATA Drives uses the same form factor as PATA Drive

• Creates a Point – to- point connection between the SATA devices (HDD and Optical drives)

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SATA Cable

• SATA cable– 1 meter long– Support one drive– Allow a better air flow

inside the case– No jumper

configuration needed

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SATA Drive Installation

• No Jumper cable• Primary Drive• SATA Power Cable

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SCSI Drive

• (SCSI) Small Computer System Interface

• Faster that PATA and SATA Drives

• Only choice if using RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disk)

By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org

SCSI Host Adapter

• SCSI Host Adapter is also called SCSI controller

• Provide the interface between the SCSI chain and the PC

• The SCSI chain is connected to the SCSI Host Adapter Internally or Externally

SCSI Ribbon

• Internal SCSI devices connect to the host adapter with a 68-pin ribbon cable

• Daisy-chaining is the process of connecting a device directly to another device.

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SCSI ID’s and Termination

• SCSI ID’s are used to differentiate devices can be ranged between 0-15– SCSI ID is a unique identifier– SCSI Devices use jumper, dip switches or even

tiny dial to set ID– The end of SCSI drive must be terminated

By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org

Difference between HDD and SSD

• Traditional Hard Disk Drive– Composed of individual disk– Or platters– Two tiny read/write heads service each platters– HDD stores data in tiny magnets– Actuator arms– Stepper motor and voice coil

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Hard Disk Drive Review

• Drive Geometry– Cylinders, heads and sectors combined (CHS),

defines a drive geometry

BIOS needs the CHS to talk to the drive.

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Hard Disk Drive Operational Issues

• Slow because of times take to spin up for the read/write head to retrieve data need to load the OS

• Moving metal parts of the platter-based drive use a lot of energy

• Produce heat and wear down over time.

By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org

Solid State Drive

• Components– Semi-conductors, transistors, and bubble

memory– Use non-volatile memory chips to store data– No moving metal– Consume less energy– Produce less heat– Faster but more expensive

ATA Technology Improvement

• ATA 1 – support only two drives attached to one connector via a single cable, has a capacity upto 504 MB

• ATA 2 – add LBA (logical block addressing) that support larger drive .

• ATA2 add ATAPI Advance Technology Attachment Paket Interface)

• ATA add support for a second controller .By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org

ATA Improvement (cont’ed)

• ATA3-Add S.M.A.R.T Self Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology

• ATA4 –Add Ultra DMA mode making HDD much faster. ATA4 defines 3 Ultra DMA mode: 0- 16 MBps, mode1- 25 MBps mode 2- 33.3MBps

• ATA5 - added DMA 3- 44.4 MBps and DMA mode 4: 66.6 MBps– Ultra DMA 4 add a new 80 wires cable

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ATA Improvement

• ATA 6- introduced Ultra DMA mode 5 kicking data transfer rate to 100MBps

• ATA7- introduced Ultra DMA mode 6 (ATA133) runs at speed 133 MBps called Serial ATA or SATA.

• AHCI- Advanced Host Controller –This Technology is supported by Windows Vista and newer operating system

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INT 13 extension

• Allow drive capacity up to 137 GB

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Notes

• A system running INT13 extensions can support upto a 137GB hard drive

• Each IDE controller support 2 Drives• PATA Drives use master/slave jumper to

differentiate between the two drives• If you connect the HDD incorrectly nothing

will be damaged or lost, there just would not be any communication

By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org

Notes (Con’t)

• If you install a drive that require a 80 wires on a 40 wires cable the drive will work fine but at a lower speed

• The maximum length of an internal SATA cable is 1 meter.

• The limit of how many SATA drives you can install in a PC depends on how many ports on your motherboard /host controller

• With a SATA bridge, you can install a PATA drive on a SATA port

By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org