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Hardware and Software Basics. BSAD 141 Dave Novak BDIS: 1.1 (2-13) Appendix A. Reminder. Please READ the syllabus so that you understand the expectations, requirements, and structure of the course Understand the software requirements . Course Website URL. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Hardware and Software Basics
BSAD 141Dave Novak
BDIS: Appendix A
Reminder It is important to READ the syllabus so that
you understand the expectations, requirements, and structure of the course
Understand the attendance and grading policies
Understand the software requirements
Course Website URL I administer everything through the BSAD
141 course website http://www.uvm.edu/~dnovak/bsad141.html
Provides the schedule, class notes, class activities, reading assignments, grades, etc.
I suggest that you save the site in your favorites
You will need to consult the site multiple times a week
Required Software Microsoft Office suite (includes Word,
Excel, Access, and Visio)Matt Parisi (227 Kalkin) during business
hours• Bring your power supply
The Book is Required!! “Business Driven Information Systems”
5th edition, Baltzan, McGraw Hill Publishing, ISBN: 9780073402987 Learn Smart Connect license is required
to access companion content for courseYou cannot use codes from used books
and McGraw Hill does not vouch for 3rd party materials
You must register the Connect product associated with your specific section
The Book is Required!! You can use a single URL to register and
purchase material
Section A (10:05 AM)
Section B (11:40 AM)
Agenda Hardware and software overview Basic hardware Basic software
Hardware versus Software Hardware - Consists of the physical
tangible devices (these can be touched) associated with a computer systemMonitorsPrinters
Software - The collection of non-tangible instructions that the hardware executes to carry out specific tasks
Hardware and software work together
When does a manager care how a computer works? Device Usage – Memory leaks, limits and
applications Personal data files – storage options and
personal responsibilities (including security) Data file transmissions – size and security
considerations Budgeting – Over or Under Provision for 1,000
workstations every three years can be costly Competency with tools of the information age
Telephone, photograph, or the printing press of prior generations.
Why Does a Manager Care How a Computer Works? Main memory
Too little means constant memory swapping• Slows processing• Needs more memory if many applications need to be run for heavy
multitasking Speed in processing all instructions
• Expressed in hertz• Needs more CPU if handling complex tasks• Often the most costly upgrade
Magnetic and optical disks are nonvolatile Saved contents survive after power is turned off Where are your data Stored? Where are your data backed up? If there was a catastrophic event, what would happen to your data?
Hardware Basics
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Interprets and executes all software instructions
Coordinates how all hardware and software work together
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Number of CPU cycles per second determines the speed of a CPU Megahertz (MHz) - millions of CPU cycles per
second
Gigahertz (GHz) - billions of CPU cycles per second
Central Processing Unit (CPU) CPU speed factors
Clock speed
Word length
Bus width
Central Processing Unit Parallel Bus versus Serial Bus
Illustration of Processing Speed http://spritzinc.com/
Primary Storage Primary storage - The computer’s main
memory, which consists of:1) Random access memory (RAM)2) Cache memory3) Read-only memory (ROM)
Random Access Memory
Random access memory (RAM) - The computer’s primary working memory, in which program instructions and data are stored so that they can be accessed directly by the CPU via the processor’s high-speed external data bus
What is Virtual Memory?
What is Virtual Memory?
Scenario:You have a machine with 2 GB of RAM1.8 GB is already being used by the system
for background services (real-time virus protection,FB Messenger, Auto-Updating Services, Itunes…)
You now want to run MS Visio 2010 and to do so you, need 500 MB of available Memory.
What does your machine do?
What is Virtual Memory? Virtual memory is a technique for
combining the computer’s RAM with temporary space on the hard drive (cheap storage)
Modern applications and programs can be memory intensive
Computers have a limited amount of all types of memory, and adding additional memory costs money
How Virtual Memory works A reserved space on the hard drive for
virtual memory fluctuates in size (by default) depending on how much additional memory the system needsThis reserved space is called the page file
(a.k.a. swap file)Still may experience “slowness” when the
computer pauses to change tasks and swap files
Purpose of Virtual Memory Increases Usable Memory
Virtual memory allows some of the contents in RAM that haven’t been used recently to be copied into memory or storage on the hard drive. This frees up space in RAM to load and run new applications
Alternatively, you would have to seriously limit the number of applications you have open at any given time or add more RAM
Hard disk space is MUCH cheaper than RAM, so the cost effective solution may not be to add more RAM
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/virtual-memory.htm
Secondary Storage Secondary storage - Consists of equipment
designed to store large volumes of data for long-term storage Megabyte (MB or M or Meg) - Roughly 1 million bytes
Gigabyte (GB) - Roughly 1 billion bytes
Terabyte (TB) - Roughly 1 trillion bytes Binary digit (bit) - The smallest unit of information that a computer can
process
Byte - A group of eight bits representing one natural language character
Question: When do you use b vs. B?
SECONDARY STORAGE
Magnetic Medium Magnetic tape - An older secondary
storage medium that uses a strip of thin plastic coated with a magnetically sensitive recording medium
Hard drive - A secondary storage medium that uses several rigid disks coated with a magnetically sensitive material and housed together with the recording heads in a hermetically sealed mechanism
Solid State Storage Uses microchips that retain
data in non-volatile memory chips and contain no moving parts.
Pros vs. Cons?
Questions you should be able to answer: What is an operating system and when/why do
you need to know what your OS is? What is a ‘Server’? How is a mobile device different than a
workstation? What is a file extension and how are they used? What is a ‘zipped’ file? When do you need to
use them? What are Temporary Internet Files? Why is the PC still king? http://www.zdnet.com/article/after-30-years-why-did-the-mac-never-break-into-big-business/
Software Basics
System software - Controls how the various technology tools work together along with the application softwareOperating system software
Utility software
Application software
Operating System Software
OS is the most important piece of software on the computer and manages all software operationsWindows
MAC
Linux
Unix
Application Software Software that is used to perform specific
tasks beyond operating the computer itselfSystem software manages the computer, but
does not necessarily “do anything” for the userApplication software directly serves the
user
Application software is run in combination with (or on top of) a specific system software
Application Software Types of application software
Bowser Communication Data management Desktop publishing Email Groupware Presentation graphics Programming Spreadsheet Word processing
Utility Software System software supports the computer
and adds to the capabilities of the OS Helps to maintain, configure, and analyze
the computers as opposed to performing “user” tasks
Utility Software Types of utility software
Crash-proof Disk imageDisk optimization Encrypt dataFile and data recovery Text protectPreventative security Spyware Uninstaller
Summary
Hardware and software overview Basic hardware Basic software
Check the schedule BEFORE next class! If you have not done so already, purchase
course materials and register for Connect! You are running out of time