HARVARD STYLE OF HARVARD STYLE OF REFERENCINGREFERENCING

A GUIDE ...How to refer to writers in your texts.A formula for each type of resource,

i.e. video, book, journal, web page electronic journal.

How to create a proper bibliography.

HARVARD REFERENCINGwhere can you get help?

On Skills for Learning Web pagesBuy ‘Quote Unquote’ at enquiry

desksInformation Points - short list of

examplesKnow-it-All One Hour Workshops

HARVARD REFERENCINGWhy You Have to Use it

Evidence of background reading Acknowledge the research of othersAvoid accusations of plagiarismMakes you include complete

informationEasy to trace the background research

usedHelps other researchers

HARVARD REFERENCINGSome language explained

CITING - acknowledging in the text

BIBLIOGRAPHY - list of sources

REFERENCE - detailed description of works used

HARVARDHOW DOES IT WORK?

There are 2 elements to referencing other people’s work:

One, is in the body of the text or in the middle of your essay or report, when you refer to someone’s ideas

Two, is at the back of your work when you list everything you have referred to in full

CITING IN THE TEXT

Authors surname and year of publication in brackets

e.g., The work of Dee (1998) Sutcliffe

(1999) and Reid (2000) concludes that listening is a learnt skill and not a natural skill.

CITING IN THE TEXT DIRECT QUOTES

Name, Year & Page number appear in brackets.

e.g.,Rawson states that “Learning to learn

has become a part of the skills agenda” (Rawson, 2000 p.1)

CITING IN THE TEXTMULTIPLE AUTHORS

3 or fewer authors:e.g., Cutler,T. Williams,K. & Williams,J.

(1989)

4 or more authors:e.g., Matlock,J. et al. (1996)

THE BIBLIOGRAPHYWHAT IS IT ?

Alphabetical list at the end of your work

The bibliography gives the FULL reference

The following formulas are to make sure that you do not miss out a crucial fact and then fail to trace that work again

BOOKSInclude the following information:

Author(s) / Editor(s)Year in bracketsTitle and Subtitle (Underlined)Series ( if present)EditionPlace of publicationPublishers name

BOOK CITATIONIn the bibliography

e.g.,Spence, B. ed. (1993) Secondary school

management in the 1990’s: challenge and change. Aspects of Education Series, 48. London, Independent Publishers.

e.g.,Mohr, L.B. (1996) Impact for analysis for

program evaluation. 2nd ed. London, Sage.

EXAMPLE EXERCISE

You have read a book called ‘New directions in action research’

It was published in 1996.The location of the publisher is London.The publishers name is Falmer Press and it

was edited by Ortrun Zuber-Skerrit.

Translate this into a Harvard Reference

Right order & punctuation

Zuber-Skerritt, O. ed. (1996) New directions in action research. London, Falmer Press.

CORRECT REFERENCE

Zuber-Skerritt, O. ed. (1996) Newdirections in action research. London, Falmer Press.

JOURNAL ARTICLESInclude the following information:

AUTHOR(S) of articleYEAR in bracketsARTICLE TitleJOURNAL Title (Underlined)VOLUME, Part, Issue, Month/SeasonPAGE numbers

JOURNAL ARTICLE

e.g.,Lucas, K.B. & Lidstone, J.G. (2000)

Ethical Issues in Teaching About Research Ethics. Evaluation and Research in Education,14 (1) pp.53-64

EXAMPLE EXERCISE

You have read in a journal called‘Studies in Higher Education’an article called: ‘Learning to Learn: more

than a skills set.’ by Mike Rawson.It was published this year.It is issue number 2Pages 225 - 238 and is volume number 25Translate this into Harvard style

Right order & punctuation

Rawson, Mike. (2000) Learning to Learn: more that a skill

set. Studies in Higher Education. 25 (2) pp.225 - 238

CORRECT REFERENCE

Rawson, Mike. (2000) Learning toLearn:more that a skill set. Studies inHigher Education. 25 (2) pp.225 - 238

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

e.g.,Baty, P. (1998) Learners are born, says

report. Times Higher Education Supplement, 16th January, p.5

‘In’ ReferencesInclude the following information in this order:

Author of chapter/sectionYear of publication (in brackets)Title of chapter/section In: followed byAuthor/Editor of collected workTitle of the collected work (Underlined)Place of publicationPublisher’s name Page numbers

‘In’ References

e.g., Porter, M.A. (1993) The modification of method in researching postgraduate education. In: Burgess, R.G. ed. The research process in educational settings:ten case studies. London, Falmer Press.

FILM & VIDEOInclude the following information in this order:

Series titleSeries numberYear (in brackets)Programme title (underlined)Place of PublicationPublisher’s nameDate of transmission[Medium:Format]

VIDEO

e.g., World in Action (1995) All work and no

play. London, ITV, 21st January [video:VHS]

Web PagesInclude the following information in this order:

Author/EditorYear (In brackets)Title[Internet]EditionPlace of publicationPublishers name (if available)Available from: <URL>[Accessed date]

World-Wide Web Document

e.g.,Holland, M. (1996) Harvard System

[Internet] Poole, Bournemouth University. Available from: <http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/servicedepts/lis/LIS_Pub/harvardsys.html>

[Accessed 15 Apr 1996]

Electronic JournalInclude the following information in this order:

Author(s)/EditorYear (in brackets)Title of ArticleTitle of journal (underlined) [type of medium]Date of publication,volume, issue, page

number<Availability Statement>Date of accession

‘E’ Journal Citation

Smith, J. (1996) Time to go home. Journal of Hyperactivity [Internet] 12th October, 6 (4) pp.122-3. Available from: <http://www.lmu.ac.uk> [Accessed June 6th, 1997]

Sample Bibliography

Bennett,H. Gunter,H & Reid,S. (1996) Througha glass darkly:images of appraisal. Journal ofTeacher Development, 5 (3) October, pp 39-46.

Now Voyager (1942) Directed by Irving Rapper.New York,Warner [Film:35mm]

Smith,B. (1999) Learning Styles. London,Academic Press