Health 4250Health 4250Health 4250Health 4250Eating DisordersEating Disorders

Adapted from a presentation byAdapted from a presentation byGordon James, Jennifer Turley & Kim HyattGordon James, Jennifer Turley & Kim Hyatt

Weber State UniversityWeber State University

Quiz• There are two types of body fat: essential

fat and storage fat.• There is a healthy range of body fat and it

is the same for men and women.• 30 percent body fat is healthy for women.• If your body fat goes above healthy range,

you are at increased risk for developing certain diseases.

Quiz• It doesn’t matter whether you carry your fat

around your waist or your hips or thighs. Fat is fat!

• The more lean body mass (muscle) you have, the easier it is to maintain your weight.

• Strength (“resistance”) training can help you increase your lean body mass.

Quiz• Aiming to lower your percent body fat is

always better.

• When you lose weight, you lose both lean mass and fat.

• To lose weight, it doesn’t matter what kind of method you use as long as your weight goes down.

What is Obesity

• Body fatness significantly in excess of the level that is consistent with optimal health.

How is Obesity Measured?

• Obesity is defined by Body Mass Index BMI = weight (kg)/height (m)2

• For Adults: A BMI score of 25-29.9, is overweight and a BMI score of ≥ 30 is obese.

• For children, BMI is age and gender specific.

•Overweight > 95th percentile•Risk of overweight > 85th to < 95th percentile

Prevalence of Overweight Among U.S. Children and Adolescents

• *Gender- and age-specific BMI > the 95th percentile

• Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)

~ 4.7 million youth (6-17 years old) are overweight or obese.

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults1991

Source: Mokdad A H, et al. J Am Med Assoc 1999;282:16, 2001;286:10.

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults2001

Source: Mokdad A H, et al. J Am Med Assoc 1999;282:16, 2001;286:10.

Root Causes of Obesity

Food Guide Pyramid Realities in school-age children

• Only 2% meet the Food Guide Pyramid model for all food groups.

• <30% eat the recommended amount from any 1 food group.

• More than 84% over consume total fat & Sat. Fat.• 51% eat < 1 serving fruit/day.• 29% eat < 1 serving of vegetable/day that is not fried.• All age groups have shifted from milk & real fruit juice

to soda & fruit drinks – loaded with added sugar.

Diminished Exercise & Fitness

• Television• Video Games• Internet• Decreased aerobic activity

in PE Class• Increased powered

transportation (urban design)

Only 25% of 12-21 year olds participate in light to moderate activity everyday.

GeneticsGenetics

• Humans do have genes favoring energy intake and storage.

• 70+ loci, genes, or markers may contribute to a susceptibility to obesity.

• But, the obesity epidemic is accounted for by ONLY environmental factors as the gene pool has not changed over the last 15 years.

20-40% of Obesity Is Due to Genetic Factors20-40% of Obesity Is Due to Genetic Factors

Why is Obesity of Concern?Chronic diseases & Medical Conditions

Heart diseaseCancerStrokeType 2 diabetesDepression

High blood pressureHigh blood cholesterol & triglyceridesHigh blood sugar.

Overweight & Obesity: A Public Health Priority

• Adopting a life-long healthy lifestyle– Increase “purposeful” activity– Decrease sedentary behaviors– Improve dietary choices– Use available support mechanisms to

promote and retain behavior changes.

• Prevention & Intervention to improve health & reduce risk.

• Everyone needs to be involved.

Focal Points• Families:

–31% of adolescents eat 1x/day with family.

–52% watch TV while eating.

• Businesses (worksite)

• Health care organizations

• Communities

• Media: targets preference for high fat/sugar foods & social factors.

• Schools

Schools Schools reach > 95% of all children and

adolescents age 5-17. Of the 53.2 million school-age children

and adolescents, 27 million participate in NSLP with 7.4 in SBP.

Food Service: Plan NSLP & SBP. Control Pricing, Vending machines, Snack

bars. Provide enough time to eat right

Process for Success• Create Consistent policies & messages.• Change environment to match policy, consider

cultural & social factors.• Implement curriculum and instructions (PE,

Health, integrate with Science, etc).• Provide safe extracurricular activities.• Involve families.• Train everyone involved.• Provide services & programs.• Evaluate.

Dissatisfaction with body• 12.6% US females, 5.5% males took

diet pills…

• 7.8% females, 2.9% males vomited, laxatives…

• 68.4% females, 51% males exercise…

Anorexia/Bulimia• 25-50% of body weight lost

• Falsely characterized as “epidemic”

• Far more common among females

• North America and Europe

• Affluent and educated

Media

Onset• Genetics and hormones

• Psychological factors

• Culture