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HEALTH AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY COURSES IN THE GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM:WHERE WE HAVE BEEN AND WHERE WE ARE GOING
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PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OVER A LIFE SPAN
Individuals become increasingly less active as they age. The largest decline from ages 15 thru 25.
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONSUMPTIONUNITED STATES
Significant Drop in Fruit and vegetable consumption in ages 17 thru 34
WERE HAVE WE BEEN: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE GEN ED
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SWEDISH GYMNASTICS
HEALTH, STRENGTH AND PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Johann GutMuths (1759-1839) Dudley Sargent, (1849 – 1924)
BRITISH SPORT
SOCIAL, MORAL AND PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1762)
Charles Kingsley (1850)
John Williams (1866)
INTRODUCTION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION INTO THE COLLEGE CURRICULUM
(1861)Dr. Edward Hitchcock (a geologist) taught the first college course in physical fitness and hygiene education.
GENERAL EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS
GERFIRST GER
1917 Columbia University Implements two courses
1.Introduction to Contemporary Civilization
2.General Honors
EXPANDED GER
1931 Chicago University
1. Humanities,
2.Social Sciences,
3. Biological Sciences
4. Physical Sciences
GER PHYSICAL ACTIVITY1930
BASIC INSTRUCTION PROGRAM (BIP)
-British sport model was the trend with team sports being the focus.
Jesse Williams “unified human being” approach.
1956
President Eisenhower council on youth fitness
Focus on Strength and Conditioning in the GER
THE GER 1980 AND 1990S
CONCEPTUAL COURSES
Health Related Fitness (HRF) courses that were more theoretically based Lectures Labs
BASIC INSTRUCTION PROGRAM
More student choice
- scuba diving
- rock climbing
- skiing etc..
PERCENTAGE OF INSTITUTIONS WITH REQUIRED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR GRADUATION
RESEARCH INTO EFFECTIVENESS OF UNIVERSITY HEALTH COURSES
A. Changes in 1. Knowledge2. Attitudes3. Behaviors
Dale and Corbin (2000) Pearman ,Valois, Sargent, Saunders, Drane, Macera, (1997)
B. (HRF) better than APE in long term promotion of physical activity
Adams and Brynteson (1995)
TREND TO ONLINE HRF COURSES2 YR VS 4 YR INSTITUTIONS ONLINE AND WEB-ENHANCED
WERE ARE WE GOING: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
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WHERE ARE WE GOINGCHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
1.Improving health status of our college student population
2. Technology in the class room
3, Financial
EVIDENCED BASED PROGRAMS FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY COMPONENTS OF THE GEN ED (FISHER 2003)
Behavior management skills Incorporate existing campus and
community programs and facilities in courses
Physical activity classes should allow for variation in skill, fitness and experience
Conceptual courses should allow for some choice of content on broad topicsIdentify barriers to exercise and help students overcome these barriers
TECHNOLOGY AND HEALTH BEHAVIORS
INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY OR PERSUASIVE TECHNOLOGY
STUDENTS WHO TOOK AN ONLINE CLASS IN A GIVEN YEAR
INDIVIDUAL LEARNER EFFECTS OF ONLINE CLASSES
PROS•more engagement with content•greater learner motivation•increased Personal interaction with the instructor•Greater control over the learning process•Greater student interaction (average 1 hr class of 50 illicits responses from 7 students)•More time for reflective responses (Roblyer & Marshall, 2003).
CONS•Technical difficulties
•Low learner motivation
•Sense of isolation
•Poor learner readiness
•Lack of contact with teacher
•Low retention rates
(Coomey & Stephenson, 2001
LATEST INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY
CAUTIONS WITH TECHNOLOGY
• Buschner (2006) believes that no data exist to support the notion that online HRF courses result in student learning.
• Buschner (2006) states that online physical education is still at the "trial and error stage and should be undertaken with prudence"
FINANCIAL STRESS
University cut backs effecting the Gen Ed programs
HIGH AND LOW OF REQUIRED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN GEN ED
Need for a comprehensive defense of the Kinesiology courses in Gen Ed programs
Harmonizes the following literature
1.Health and kinesiology research
2.Government initiatives and programs
3.Faith based literature and theology promoting body care programs
Research for evidence based strategies to promote health behaviors in college populations
1.Do our Physical activity programs still effect long term behavior change 2.Effective Use of physical activity Technologies in our programs 3.Effective online or web-enanced educational technologies
TWO SUGGESTIONS FOR CSKLS