Health Physics Manual.the appropriate Health Physics Manual procedure. 3.2 The forms used to record data are generic, i.e., designed for recording data from various instruments. Record

Health Physics Manual

Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical CorporationThorium Remediation Project

Tulsa, Oklahoma

4000:PA4072March 2004

Prepared By:

Penn E&RN-A�� Environmental & Remediation, Inc.

Penn Environmental & Remediation, Inc.359 Northgate Drive, Suite 400

Warrendale, PA 15086

Health Physics ManualSurvey Activities Designed

Based on MARSSIM Guidance


Based on MARSSIM Guidance

Penn E&REnvironmental & Remediation, Inc.

359 North Gate DriveSuite 400

Warrendale, PA 15086724/934/3530

Penn E&R

359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086724/934/3530


Based on MARISSM Guidance

Page 1 of I

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. General Practices

Chapter 2.

Chapter 3.

Chapter 4.

Chapter 5.

Penn E&RJHPM/M-1-1Penn E&R/HPMJM-1-2Penn E&R/HPMJM-1-3Instrumentation

Penn E&RIHPMIM-2-1Penn E&RJHPMIM-2-2

Penn E&R/HPMIM-2-5Penn E&RIHPMIM-2-6Penn E&R/HPM/M-2-7Penn E&R/BPMIM-2-8

Surveys

Penn E&RIHPMIM-3-1Penn E&R1HPM/M-3-2Penn E&R/HPM/M-3-3Penn E&R/HPMIM-3-4Penn E&R/HPM/M-3-5Penn E&R/HPM/M-3-6Sampling

Penn E&RIHPMIM4-1Penn E&R/HPM/M-4-4Quality Assurance

Penn E&R/HPM/M-5-2

ProceduresChanges to ProceduresCompletion of Forms

Basic Instrument OperationInstrument Minimum Detection Concentration Calculation

Ludlum Model 19 pR MeterLudlum Model 2221 Portable Scaler Ratemeter with 44-10 ProbeLudlum Model 2929 Dual ScalerLudlum Model 2360 Scaler/Ratemeter with the Model 43-68 GasProportional Detector

Gross Gamma SurveysBeta/Gamma SurveysAlpha SurveysExposure Rate SurveysRemovable Alpha and Beta/Gamma Contamination SurveysGross Gamma Surveys of Soil Cores

Surface Soil SamplingSubsurface Soil Sampling

Check Source Accountability

Chapter 6. Chain of Custody

Penn E&R/HPMIM-6-1 Chain-of-Custody Procedures

PROCEDURE: Penn E&RIHPM/M-1-1

ProceduresFormer Kaiser Aluminum Specialty Products Facility

Tulsa, Oklahoma

REVISION: 00

EFFECTIVE DATE: MARCH 2004

APPROVED Bt: J.W. inzant, Project Manager

DATE: T°

PROCEDURE: Penn E&R/HPM/M-1-1

Procedures

REVISION: 0


-, ?XC. 3/3( O°(

Prepared Date:Andrew J. LombardoCivil & Environmental Consultants, Inc.

Approved R c Date:Vice President -Radiological Services

Penn E&R359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086724/934/3530


Procedure: Penn E&R/HPMIM/1-1-1

Title: Procedures

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to provide a written reference on the organization of the Health PhysicsManual.

2.0 DEFINITIONSNA

3.0 PREREQUISITES/PRECAUTIONS/LIMITATIONSNA

4.0 EQUIPMENTNA

5.0 PROCEDURE

Procedures are broken down into categories and are presented in this manual as chapters. These are:

* Chapter 1 - General Practices* Chapter 2 - Instrumentation* Chapter 3 - Surveys* Chapter 4 - Sampling* Chapter 5 - Quality Assurance* Chapter 6 - Chain of Custody

6.0 REFERENCESNA

7.0 ATTACHMENTSNA

Page 2 of 2

- -.- --


Changes to ProceduresFormer Kaiser Aluminum Specialty Products Facility

Tulsa, Oklahoma

REVISION: 00


APPROVED BY: J.W Vinzant, Project Manager

DATE: i


Changes to Procedures

REVISION: 0


e/111' 3 r/-e 65I

Prepared by: Date:Andrew J. LombardoCivil & Environmental Consultants, Inc.

I t/-OApproved by:Vice Predident - Radiological Services

Date:

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/HPMIM-1-2359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Change to Procedures724/934/3530

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to provide written guidelines for revising existing procedures prior toimplementing these changes.

2.0 DEFINITIONSNA

3.0 PREREQUISITES/PRECAUTIONS/LIMITATIONS/RESPONSIBILITIES

3.1 Vice President - Radiological Services or his designee is responsible to review and approveproposed field changes, when appropriate.

3.2 Site personnel are responsible to request a field change and receive authorization for suchchanges prior to implementation of the changes, when appropriate.

4.0 EQUIPMENTNA

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 Major Field Changes

5.1.1 A major field change has the potential to affect one or more of the following:

1. Adversely affect the quality of the data.2. Adversely affect the consistency of the data.3. Cause significant change in the cost of the field effort.4. Create a major change in the scope of the field effort.5. Cause significant delays in the schedule of the field effort.

5.1.2 Organizations that originally reviewed and approved the procedure will review and approvethe major field changes.

5.2 Minor Field Changes

5.2.1 A minor field change is one which does not do one or more of the following:

1. Not adversely affect the quality of the data in the field.2. Not affect the rationale for field procedures or sampling locations.

5.2.2 Organizations that originally reviewed and approved the procedure will review and approvethe minor field changes.

5.2.3 The only exception to the requirements of Substeps 5.2.2 and 5.2.3 is a minor change to adocument, such as inconsequential editorial corrections. These corrections will not requirereview and approval.

5.2.4 Field Change Requests will be maintained as part of the project files.

Page 2 of 3


Health Physics ManualProcedure: Penn E&R/IIPMIM-1-2

Title: Change to Procedures

6.0 REFERENCESNA

7.0 ATTACHMENTSNA

Page 3 of 3


Completion of FormsFormer Kaiser Aluminum Specialty Products Facility

Tulsa, Oklahoma

REVISION: 00


APPROVED BY: J. Minzant, Project Manager

DATE: 3' i-/ /


Completion of Forms

REVISION: 0



Approved y: Date:Vice Presi e - Radiological Services


Health Physics ManualProcedure: Penn E&RIHPM/vIM-1-3

Title: Completion of Forms

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to provide instruction on the proper completion of forms, including surveyand instrumentation forms, that are required for the project.

2.0 DEFINITIONS

Form Field: A space on a form where information is to be entered.

3.0 PREREQUISITES/PRECAUTIONS/LIMITATIONS

3.1 Additional guidance on performing surveys, taking samples, or instrument use can be found inthe appropriate Health Physics Manual procedure.

3.2 The forms used to record data are generic, i.e., designed for recording data from variousinstruments. Record "N/A" in any fields that are not applicable to the instrument.

4.0 EQUIPMENT

4.1 Appropriate form(s) for the work being performed.

4.2 Black pen.

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 General Information

5.1.1 Information should be entered in the appropriate manner and in the appropriate form field.

5.1.2 Information should be entered using a black ink pen.

5.13 A form field where information is not available or not applicable should be filled with"N/A."

5.1.4 An entire column with repeating information may be filled with a line from top to bottom.The line should begin immediately below a completed form field with the properinformation and have definitive markings where the information ceases to apply. The nextform field should be properly filled with new information.

5.2 Dates and Times

5.2.1 Dates should be entered in a format that clearly identifies the day, month, and year (e.g.,1/1/02; 01/01/2002; Jan 1, 2002).

Page 2 of 3

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/IIPM/NI-1-3359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Completion of Forms724/934/3530

5.2.2 Times should be entered in a format the clearly identifies the hour and minutes (e.g.,8:00 a.m.; 0800; 1:30 p.m.; 1330).

5.3 Signatures, Personnel, and Contact Information

5.3.1 Signature lines should be filled legibly. Include a printed name where necessary.

5.3.2 Initials may be used in a form field if the full name appears elsewhere on the form.

5.3.3 Contact information should include a full name, address, zip code, and telephone number witharea code.

5.4 Abbreviations

5.4.1 The use of nonstandard abbreviations should be avoided unless the full wording appearselsewhere on the form and it clearly identifies the abbreviation to be used.

5.5 Result Form Fields

5.5.1 Result form fields should be completed utilizing units that are specified on the form. Formfields that identify units are to be filled clearly utilizing standard notation for the informationrequested.

5.6 Form Attachments

5.6.1 Attachments to forms should be appropriately labeled to indicate the specific form theyaccompany.

5.6.2 The accompanying form should clearly reference the attachment (e.g., see Attachment A).

5.7 Corrections

5.7.1;. Corrections to form fields shall be made by entering the correct information next to the properform field and placing a single line through the incorrect entry along with the initials of theperson making the correction and the date of correction.

6.0 REFE RENCESNA

7.0 ATTACHIMENTSNA

Page 3 of 3

Chapter 2

Instrumentation


Basic Instrument OperationFormer Kaiser Aluminum Specialty Products Facility

Tulsa, Oklahoma

REVISION: 00


APROVED BY: J . Vinzant, Project Manager

DATE: 3- 3h/-9 e


Basic Instrument Operation

REVISION: 0



Approved by: Date:Vice President - Radiological Services

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&RIIIPMIMI-2-1359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Basic Instrument Operation724/934/3530

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to provide instruction on the basic operation of radiological surveyinstruments.

2.0 DEFINITIONS

Calibration source: A National Institute of Standards and Technology- (NIST) traceable source of aknown value used to calibrate an instrument.

Check source: A radiological source, not necessarily traceable, which is used to confirm the continuingsatisfactory operation of an instrument.

Detector: The portion of an instrument that transmits a signal to a meter based upon the radioactiveactivity present. Some detectors are contained within a meter.

Instrument: A meter-detector combination that has been calibrated as a single unit. Some instruments arecapable of being calibrated with several detectors simultaneously.

Meter: The portion of an instrument that receives and translates signals from the detector into a userobservable result.

Efficiency: A measure of the instrument's ability to detect radiological activity. It is calculated by usingthe formula:

Es = ((C-B,)/D)

Where:

Ej = Instrument efficiencyC = Displayed value from the instrument count of the calibration source (count rate)B, = Background count rateD = Known decay-corrected disintegrations per minute (dpm) value of the calibration

source usually between 50,000 to 150,000 dpm. This value is geometry dependentand should be noted on the calibration certificate, e.g., 2it or 4it geometry. For finalstatus or characterization surveys where total alpha or beta scanning or staticmeasurements are performed, obtain a source certificate indicating the 2nr (beta oralpha) emission rate to determine instrument efficiency. The product of theinstrument efficiency (E,) and source efficiency are required to calculate the totaldetector efficiency (W. (Note that for gamma detection, the value of D may beprovided in different units, e.g., pR/hr.)


3.1 Any person operating a radiological survey instrument must be trained in its use orsupervised during its operation by a qualified instructor.

3.2 Failure of any preoperational check will result in the instrument being removed fromoperation and repaired as necessary.

Page 2 of 6

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/HPM1/Mv1-2-1359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Basic Instrument Operation724/934/3530

3.3 An operator repair such as replacing batteries or cables does not require the instrument to berecalibrated. However, the efficiency of the instrument should be recalculated.

3.4 Manufacturer's recommendations regarding use, calibration, and/or maintenance of aninstrument will be followed unless otherwise documented in this or other written procedure(s).

3.5 Additional guidance for operating an instrument can be found in the appropriate procedureand/or the manufacturer's manual for that instrument.

3.7 The forms used to record instrument daily check data are generic, i.e., designed for recordinginformation from various instruments. Record "NIA" in any fields that are not applicable tothe instrument check.

4.0 EQUIPMENT

4.1 Appropriate check source(s) or calibration source(s), as necessary.

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 Preoperational Checks (All instruments before use)

5.1.1 Verify the calibration is current and applicable to the meter-detector combination.

5.1.2 Verify the instrument is capable of detecting the desired activity (e.g., alpha or beta/gammadetector) and that the instrument range encompasses the expected activity.

5.1.3 Inspect any cables for exposed wires, cracks, loose connectors, etc.

5.1.4 Connect any necessary cables or power cords.

5.1.5 Turn instrument on and perform a battery check or verify that the power is on. Replacebatteries (or charge battery as appropriate), if necessary.

5.1.6 Hold the detector in the air away from any potentially contaminated surface. Observe thedigital and/or analog output and allow the reading to stabilize. Record the resultingbackground value on the appropriate form for the instrument being used.

5.1.7 Expose the detector to an appropriate check source and allow the response to stabilize. Verifythat the response value is acceptable. Enter the response result on the appropriate form for theinstrument being used.

5.1.8 While the detector is exposed to the check source, turn up the volume or turn on the speaker(as appropriate) and check for audible response.

5.2 Establish Performance Check Values (Scaler instruments/postcalibration)

5.2.1 Perform necessary preoperational checks to ensure the instrument is operating properly.

Page 3 of 6

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/11PA1/M-2-1359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Basic Instrument Operation724/934/3530

5.2.2 Using a repeatable-count geometry, expose the detector to an appropriate check source for thetype of radiation required (e.g., alpha, beta, gamma). Perform a minimum of 20 consecutive1-minute counts of the check source and record the results and units (e.g., counts per minute[cpm]) on Form IPM/M-2-1-1).

5.2.3 Calculate the average of the consecutive counts (x) using the formula provided on FormHPM/M-2-1-1.

5.2.4 Calculate the standard deviation of the consecutive counts (s) using the formula provided onForm HPM/M-2-1-1.

5.2.5 Calculate the minimum number of source counts required (n) based on 10 percent accuracy atthe 95 percent confidence level using the following formula. The values of t corresponding tothe degrees of freedom (do) can be looked up in Table 1. Degrees of freedom is equal to thenumber of counts minus I (e.g., if 20 counts were performed the df is equal to 19).

n =[t9 Sx]

5.2.6 If n is less than or equal to 20, proceed to the next step. If n is greater than 20, perform theadditional number of counts required (i.e., n -20) and return to Substep 5.2.3.

5.2.7 Calculate the acceptance criteria for daily source checks by adding and subtracting threestandard deviations. For trend analysis, add and subtract two standard deviations from theaverage. Record the results on Form HiPM/M-2-1-1.

5.2.8 Repeat Section 5.2 each time the instrument is recalibrated.

5.3 Establish Performance Check Values (Ratemeter instruments)

5.3.1 Perform all necessary preoperational checks to ensure the instrument is operating properly.

5.3.2 Using a repeatable-count geometry expose the detector to an appropriate check source for thetype of radiation required (e.g., alpha, beta, gamma). When the reading stabilizes, record theresult. Perform a minimum of 10 consecutive counts of the check source and record theresults and units (e.g., cpm, on Form HPM/M-2-1-1).

5.3.3 Calculate the average of the consecutive counts (x) using the formula provided on FormHPM/M-2-1-1.

5.3.4 Calculate the standard deviation of the consecutive counts (s) using the formula provided onForm HPM/M-2-1-1.

5.3.5 Calculate the minimum number of source counts required (n) based on 20 percent accuracy atthe 95 percent confidence level using the following formula. The values of t corresponding tothe df can be looked up in Table 1. Degrees of freedom is equal to the number of countsminus I (e.g., if 10 counts were performed the df is equal to 9).

Page 4 of 6


Health Physics ManualProcedure: Penn E&RIIIPM/M-2-1

Title: Basic Instrument Operation

-12t9 5df S,

L0.2 - j

5.3.6 If n is less than or equal to 10, proceed to the next step. If n is greater than 10, perform theadditional number of counts required (i.e., n -10) and return to Substep 5.3.3.

5.3.7 Calculate the acceptance criteria for daily source checks by adding and subtracting 20 percentof the average from the average. Record the results on Form IHPM/M-2-1-1.

5.3.8 Repeat Section 5.3 each time the instrument is recalibrated.

Table 1t-Values

dt t-Value 95% t-Value 97.5% _ df t-Value 95% t-Value 97.5%1 6.314 12.706 _ 36 1.689 2.0292 2.920 4.303 _ 37 1.688 2.0273 2.353 3.182 _ 38 1.687 2.0254 2.132 2.776 _ 39 1.685 2.0235 2.015 2.571 _ 40 1.684 2.0216 1.943 2.447 41 1.683 2.0207 1.895 2.365 = 42 1.683 2.0198 1.860 2.306 _ 43 1.682 2.0189 1.833 2.262 44 1.681 2.01710 1.812 2.228 =- 45 1.681 2.01611 1.796 2.201 = 46 1.680 2.01512 1.782 2.179 47 1.679 2.01413 1.771 2.160 48 1.679 2.01314 1.761 2.145 49 1.678 2.01215 1.753 2.131 50 1.677 2.01016 1.746 2.120 = 51 1.677 2.00917 1.740 2.110 = 52 1.676 2.00818 1.734 2.101 = 53 1.676 2.00719 1.729 2.093 _ 54 1.675 2.00620 1.725 2.086 _ 55 1.674 2.00521 1.721 2.080 _ 56 1.674 2.00422 1.717 2.074 _ 57 1.673 2.00323 1.714 2.069 =- 58 1.672 2.00224 1.711 2.064 _ 59 1.672 2.00125 1.708 2.060 60 1.671 2.00026 1.706 2.056 _ 120 1.658 1.98027 1.703 2.052 140 1.649 1.96628 1.701 2.048 _ 1.645 1.96029 1.699 2.045 __

30 1.697 2.04231 1.696 2.04032 1.694 2.038 _33 1.693 2.036 _34 1.692 2.034 = _35 1.690 2.031 =

Page 5 of 6


Health Physics ManualProcedure: Penn E&RIHPM/M-2-1

Title: Basic Instrument Operation

6.0 REFERENCES

6.1 Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM), NUREG/CR-1575,August 2000, Rev. 1.

7.0 ATTACHMENTS

7.1 Forms

Form HPM/M-2-1-1 Performance Check Values

Page 6 of 6

Penn ER359 North Gate DriveWarrendale, PA 15086724/934/3530

Form HPMIM-2-1-1Performance Check Values

Project Number: Project Name:

Instrument Model: Technician:

Instrument SIN: Date:

Calibration Due: Detector Model:

Radiation Detected: Detector SIN:

Source Isotope & SIN: Detector Type:

Bkg Count Rate:_

Data |DatalPoint Gross Count Net Count Point Gross Count Net Count

1 11

2 12

3 7 7 134 14

5 It. 156 16

7 17

8 189 _ __ 1

I 10 1 _ _ __ _ _ 20 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Average Net Count:

Standard Deviation of Net Count (Scalers):

20% of Net Count (Ratemeters): l l

Average minus 2 X standard deviation (Scalers): l

Average plus 2 X standard deviation (Scalers): l _ _

Average minus 20% (Ratemeters): l 11

Average plus 20% (Ratemeters): _ l _ __

Formulas

Where: n = number of counts (20) 2H = average of counts ( 5 .1StdDev=

= each count result =-|

Comments:

Prepared By: Date:

Reviewed By: Date:

Page- fonns.xIS

PROCEDURE: Penn E&R/HPMIM-2-2

Instrument Minimum Detection Concentration CalculationFormer Kaiser Aluminum Specialty Products Facility

Tulsa, Oklahoma

REVISION: 00


APPROVED BY: J.W. Vinzant, Project Manager

DATE: 7- /V-0§/

PROCEDURE: Penn E&R /HPMIM-2-2

Instrument Minimum Detection ConcentrationCalculation

REVISION: 0


Zl//3I/3OIf

/n

Approv b Date:Vice Pres nt - Radiological Services

.


Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&RIIIPMIM-2-2359 North Gate Drive Suite 200Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Instrument Minimum Detection724/934/3530 Concentration Calculation

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to provide instruction on the calculation of the Minimum DetectableConcentration (MDC) value of a radiation detection instrument/detector as required for survey activities.Instruction for the calculation of the sample count time (tQ) required to achieve the MDC value is alsoprovided.

2.0 DEFINITIONS

Calibration source: A National Institute of Standards and Technology- (NIST) traceable check source of aknown value used to calibrate or verify the response efficiency of an instrument.


Instrument: A meter-detector combination that has been calibrated as a single unit. Some meters arecapable of being calibrated with several detectors simultaneously.


Instrument Efficiency: A measure of an instrument's ability to detect radiological activity. It is calculatedby using the formula:

E; = ((C-B,)/D)

Where:

E= Instrument efficiencyC = Displayed value from the instrument count of the calibration source (count

rate)B. = Background count rateD = Known decay-corrected disintegrations per minute (dpm) value of the

calibration source usually between 50,000 to 150,000 dpm. This value isgeometry dependent and should be noted on the calibration certificate, e.g.,2x or 42t geometry. For final status or characterization surveys where totalalpha or beta scanning or static measurements are performed, obtain asource certificate indicating the 2ic (beta or alpha) emission rate todetermine instrument efficiency. The product of the instrument efficiency(E;) and source efficiency are required to calculate the total detectorefficiency (E,). For smear counting, only the total activity (dpm) indicatedon the source or certificate is used to calculate efficiency. No correction isrequired for source efficiency when evaluating smears.

Note that, for gamma detection, the value of D may be provided in different units (e.g., tRihr).

3.0 PREREQUISITES/PRECAUTIONSILIMITATIONS

3.1 The MDC value should be calculated at a minimum each day that the instrument is used.

Page 2 of 7

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&RIlIPMIM-2-2359 North Gate Drive Suite 200Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Instrument Minimum Detection724/934/3530 Concentration Calculation

3.2 The calculation of MDC is background dependent, i.e., is directly proportional to thebackground measured with the instrument. Therefore, if background is known to change(e.g., the instrument is moved to a new location for use), the background count rate should bere-determined and the MDC value recalculated.

3.3 For static (fixed-count time) measurements, the MDC value is count-time dependent. TheMDC value corresponding to each count time used should be calculated.

3.4 When the calculated MDC value for a static measurement is calculated always ensure that theMDC value is adequate for the survey (e.g., the MDC value is a fraction of the acceptancecriteria). If the MDC value is not adequate for the survey, increase the background counttime and/or the sample count time and recalculate the MDC value.

4.0 EQUIPMENT

4.1 Calculator or spreadsheet.

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 Determination of Counting Times and Minimum Detectable Concentrations

Minimum counting times for background determinations and counting times for measurement oftotal and removable contamination will be chosen to provide a MDC that meets the acceptancecriteria required by the site specific survey plan or other technical basis documents. The Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual's (MARISSM) equations have beenmodified to convert to units of disintegrations per minute (dpm)1 00 square centimeters (cm2).Count times and scanning rates are determined using the following equations:

5.1.1 Static Counting of Alpha or Beta/Gamma Radiation

Static counting MDC at a 95 percent confidence level is calculated using the following equa-tion, which is an expansion of NUREG 1507, Minimum Detectable Concentrations withTypical Radiation Survey Instrumentsfor Various Contaminants and Field Conditions,Equation 6-7 (Strom & Stansbury, 1992):

3+3.29 Br t(+

MDC.iAMDStatic = 3 E 0 A

100Where:

MDC,,,,k = minimum detectable concentration level in dpm/l00 cm2

BR = background count rate in counts per minutetB = background count time in minutests = sample count time in minutesA = detector probe physical (active) area in cm2

Page 3 of 7

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/IIPM/M-2-2359 North Gate Drive Suite 200Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Instrument Minimum Detection724/934/3530 Concentration Calculation

Etot = total detector efficiency for radionuclide emission of= El x E, Where:

E; = instrument efficiency in counts perdisintegration (cpd) based on the source2n emission rateE, = source (or surface contamination)efficiency

Note: Es values can be determined or the default values provided in NUREG-1507 can beused as follows: 0.25 for all alpha energies and beta maximum energies between 0.15 and 0.4MeV, 0.5 for all beta maximum energies greater than 0.4 MeV.

5.1.2 Beta Ratemeter Scanning

Beta scanning MDC at a 95 percent confidence level is calculated using the followingequation which is a combination of MARSSIM Equations 6-8, 6-9, and 6-10:

MDCcan =( ANFp; -El,,-

100cm2

Where:

MDCSC,,, = minimum detectable concentration level in dpm/100 cm2d' -= desired performance variable (usually 1.38 corresponding to alpha

and beta errors of 0.05)bi = background counts during the residence intervali = residence interval in secondsp = surveyor efficiency (0.5 - 0.75, 0.5 is conservative)A = detector probe physical (active) area in cm2

Etot = total detector efficiency for radionuclide emission of= E; x E,, Where:

E; = instrument efficiency in cpd based on thesource 27n emission rateEs = source (or surface contamination)efficiency

Note: Es values can be determined or the default values provided in NUREG-1507 can beused as follows: 0.25 for all alpha energies and beta maximum energies between 0.15 and 0.4MeV, 0.5 for all beta maximum energies greater than 0.4 MeV.

5.1.3 Alpha Ratemeter Scanning

Page 4 of 7

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/HPMIMI-2-2359 North Gate Drive Suite 200Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Instrument Minimum Detection724/934/3530 Concentration Calculation

There are two equations used to determine the alpha scanning Derived ConcentrationGuideline Values depending on the background level:

For a background level of <3 cpm, the probability of detecting a single count while passingover the contaminated area is:

-GE*Nd

P(n > 1)= 1- e 60v

Where:

P(n 2 1) = probability of observing a single countG = activity (dpm)Etot = total detector efficiency for radionuclide emission (E1 x Es)d = width of detector in direction of scan (cm)v = scan speed (cmnls)

Increase the value of G until the corresponding probability equals the desired confidence level(e.g., 95 percent).

Once a count is detected while scanning, stop and hold the detector over the area long enoughso that there is 90-percent probability of getting another count as calculated by:

t = 13,800/CAE

Where:

t = time period for static count (s)C = contamination guideline (dpm)A = physical probe area (cm2)E = total efficiency

For a background level of 3 cpm to about 10 cpm, the probability of detecting two or morecounts while passing over the contaminated area is:

P(n >2)= 1- (1+ (600 ( G

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Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&RIJIPM/M-2-2359 North Gate Drive Suite 200Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Instrument Minimum Detection724/934/3530 Concentration Calculation

Where:

P(n 2 2) = probability of observing two or more counts during tG = activity (dpm)Etot = total detector efficiency for radionuclide emission (E; x E,)B = background count rate (cpm)t = time interval (seconds) over source (d/v)d =detector width (cm)v =scan speed (cm/s)

Increase the value of G until the corresponding probability equals the desired confidence level(e.g., 95 percent). If two counts are detected within time interval (t) or (d/v), stop and make astatic measurement.

5.1.4 Gamma Soil Scanning

Gamma soil scanning MDCs are calculated for scanning instruments using the methodprovided in MARSSIM for calculating MDC that controls both Type I and Type II errors (i.e.,elimination of false negatives and false positives), as follows:

Scan MDCsurveyor = 1d'Vi(60/i)

Where: Scan MDCWOyr is the MDC in uRihr, and

si= instrument efficiency in cpm/pR/hour, radionuclide specific, see table below

p = surveyor efficiency. Based on laboratory studies documented in References 6and 7, the value of p has been estimated to be between 0.5 and 0.75. Thevalue of 0.5 is conservative

d' = is the value selected from MARSSIM Table 6.5 based on the required truepositive and false positive rates, usually 1.38 corresponding to 5 percent falsepositives and 40 percent false negatives.

bi = the number of background counts in the interval i (I second)

i = the scan time interval usually 1 second

In accordance with MARSSIM, the Scan MDCsUrVCYO, can be converted to Scan MDCin volumetric units of picocuries per gram by use of a radionuclide specificconversion factor calculated by use of the code MICROSHELD. Some of thefactors are listed below for 2-inch-by-2-inch sodium iodide detectors.

Page 6 of 7


Health Physics ManualProcedure: Penn E&R/lIPMIM/1-2-2

Title: Instrument Minimum DetectionConcentration Calculation

c i CFRadio- (cpm/ (pCi/g Inuclide [tl~hr) pR/h)

Cs-137 900 3.81Co-60 1 430 0.97Am-241 13,000 271Ra-226* 760 1.41Th-232* 830 0.99

*In equilibrium with all progeny.

6.0 REFERENCES

6.1 NUREG-1575, Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM),December 1997

6.2 NUREG-1507, Minimum Detectable Condentrations with Typical Radiation Survey Instruments forVarious Contaminants and Field Conditions, December 1997

7.0 ATTACHMENTS

7.1 Forms

Form HPMIM-2-2-1

Form HPM/M-2-2-2

Form HPM/M-2-2-3

Form IHPM/M-2-2-4

Daily Static MDC and Count Time Calculation

Daily Beta Scan MDC Calculation

Alpha Scan MDC Calculation

Gross Gamma Scan MDC Calculation

Page 7 of 7


Form HPM/M-2-2-1Daily Static MDC and Count Time Calculation

Instrument Serial Number: Cal. Due:Detector Serial Number: Cal. Due:

Radiation Detected: III -

Ej (Instrument Efficiency): (cpd)E, (Source Efficiency): (-)E. (Total Efficiency): (cpd)

A (Active Probe Area): (cm2)

tb B } t. MDCs.tcB background background sample min. detectable

D background count time count rate count time concentrationdate (counts) (min) (cpm) (min) (dpm/lOOcm 2)

i + 4 I

I i 4. I I

1 v I. I

i i I. I

4 i I.

4 4 I I.1

t I 1.

a I4 4

I v 4-

I i 4.

i i 4

i.I+4

i -I4 I-

t . I I

t . I i

tI-~14 I

ti 4 I.1

t 1 4 +

t 1 i.4t 1 4 + 4

. I.

t I 4 4-I

1-i44 I

_ I

I .L __________L

comments:

Prepared By: Date:

Reviewed By: Date:

i Notes:_1. E,,,=E xE E

2. Source Efficiency (E,) is also refered to as Contamination Source Efficiency or Surface Efficiency.: . 3. E, is equal to 0.25 for all alpha emissions and beta emissions with maximum energy between 0.15 and 0.4 Mev. ForI maximum beta energies > 0.4 MeV, E, is equal to 0.5. forn 2-2-I.xls

Penn ER.359 North Gate Drive Sutie 400Warrendale, PA 15086724/934/3530

Form HPMAIM-2-2-2Daily Beta Scan MDC Calculation


Radiation Detected: Beta

E1 (Instrument Efficiency): (cpd)Es (Source Efficiency): (-)

E,,t (Total Efficiency): (cpd)

A (Active Probe Area): (cm2)

MDC- d'Ji; (60/i)scan t

1

12345

6789

10111213141516171819202122

bI p d' MDC.,background scan surveyor E MARSSIM min. detectable

D count rate time (0.5 - 0.75) Table 6.5 concentrationdate (cpm) (seconds) (-) ( -) (dpm/1 OOcm2)

Comments:

Prepared By: Date:

Reviewed By: Date:

Notes:1. Et, = E, x E,.2. Source Efficiency (Es) is also refered to as Contamination Source Efficiency or Surface Efficiency.3. E, is equal to 0.25 for all alpha emissions and beta emissions with maximum energy between 0.15 and 0.4 Mev. For

maximum beta energies > 0.4 MeV, Es is equal to 0.5.4. p = surveyor efficiency, ranges from 0.5 to 0.75, 0.5 is conservative.5. d' = desired performance variable (usually 1.38 corresponding to alpha and beta errors of 0.05).

form2-2-2.x1s

Penn ER.359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 150867241934/3530

Form HPMIM-2-2-3Alpha Scan MDC Calculation


L Radiation Detected: Alpha

Probability of observing 2 or more counts: Probability of observing a single count:

Dcd IEt v BActivity Width Efficiency Speed BaCountrate ProbabilityAcG detec Enstrmcenc Spcan Bckound Prbi

date (dprn) (cm) (cpM) (crn/s) (cpm)()

t .4 .4 4 4 *

+ 4 4 .4 .4 I

t 4 .4 4 4 9

.4 4 4 .4 4 I

+ + 4 iI

.4 4 4 .4 4 I

.4 .4 .4 4 4 4

+ 4 4 .4 .4 1

1� .4 .4 4 4 4

+ 4 4 .4 .4 1

.4 .4 .4 4 4 4

.4 4 4 .4 .4 4

.4 .4 .4 4 4 4-

.4 .4 .4 4 4 4-

4. 4 .4 .4 .4 1-

.4 .4 .4 4 4 4-

4 4 4 .4 .4 4-

I+ f 4I

.4 .4 .4 4 .4 4-

Comments:

Prepared By: Date:

Reviewed By: Date:

Note:1. Instrument efficiency is the 4p instrument efficiency. formi2-2-3.xis

r--- r- V-- rh- F Fr-- Fr- r--- Ir- F-- Fr- [ r-[-- r-- F- r____ r___

Penn ER359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086724/934/3530

Form HPMIM-2-2-4Gross Gamma Scan MDC Calculation

b I r d' MDCR Scan MDCgvCeyor CF Scan MDCbackground scan surveyor E MARSSIM min. detectable min. detectable conversion min. detectable

D Radio- count rate time (0.5 - 0.75) Table 6.5 countrate concentration factor concentration

date nuclide (cpm) E1 (seconds) (-) (-) (cpm) (mR/hr) (pCi/g / mR/hr) (pCiKg)

Comments:

Prepared By: Date:

Reviewed By: Date:

Notes:CF = Conversion factor (Microshield/NUREG-1507).ncpm = Net counts per minute.

mR/h = microRoentgen per hour.A. = Instrument efficiency (from Table 6.7 of MARSSIM).

pCi/g = Picocuries per gram.foni2-2.4.xls


Ludlum Model 19 [iR MeterFormer Kaiser Aluminum Specialty Products Facility

Tulsa, Oklahoma

REVISION: 00


APPROVED BY: J.W Vinzant, Project Manager

DATE: y y/-g'y

PROCEDURE: Penn E&R /HPM/M-2-5

Ludlum Model 19 ,u R Meter

REVISION: 0


Prepar by: Date:Andrew J. LombardoCivil & Environmental Consultants, Inc.

<I -i-z/

Approve Date:Vice Pres ent - Radiological Services

L Health Physics Manual

Penn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/HPMIM-2-5L 359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Ludlum Model 19 jiR Meter724/934/3530

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to provide basic operational instructions for the Model 19 pR Meter.

2.0 DEFINITIONSL AEPR: Acceptable End Point Range, range of detection displayed on the instrument where the confidence

of the meter is not in question. The AERP is generally the center three quarters of the analog meterface.

3.0 PREREQUISITES/PRECAUTIONSALIMITATIONS

L 3.1 Penn E&RJHPMJM1-2-1, "Basic Instrument Operation"

4.0 EQUIPME NT

* Ludlum Model 19 pR Meter* Batteries

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 Installing Batteries

5.1.1 Open the lid and install two "D" size batteries. Note (+) (-) marks on the inside of lid. Matchthe battery polarity to these marks.

NOTE: To open the battery lid, twist the lid button counterclockwise one-quarter turn. Toclose, twist clockwise one-quarter turn.

5.1.2 Close the battery box lid.

5.2 Preoperational Checks

L 5.2.1 Adjust the audio (AUD) ON-OFF switch as desired.

5.2.2 Replace the batteries if the meter pointer is below the BAT TEST line. Check the batteryby switching the power switch to BATT.

5.2.3 Check the meter response in the "F' and "S" positions.

l 5.2.4 Check the audio indication with the AUD ON-OFF switch.

5.2.5 Depress the reset (RES) pushbutton. Check to see that the meter pointer returns to the zeroposition.

Page 2 of 3

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/IIPM/IM-2-5L 359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Ludlum Model 19 jiR Meter7241934/3530

5.3 Operational Checks

5.3.1 Prior to using the Ludlum Model 19, the performance check value of the average responsewill be determined. If the instrument is recalibrated at any point, the performance checkvalues will need to be re-established in accordance with Procedure Penn E&R/IHPM/M-2-1.

5.3.2 Each day the instrument is used, determine the ambient background and record onForm HPM/M-2-5-1.

L5.3.3 Each day that the Ludlum Model 19 is used, the response will be checked using an

appropriate check source as follows:

l 5.3.3.1 Place the check source on the front lower portion of the meter.

5.3.3.2 Allow for the meter face to stabilize.

5.3.3.3 Ensure that the meter reading is taken within the AEPR for accuracy andreproducibility.

L 5.3.4 Check the source check result against the established postcalibration acceptance criteria.Failed source checks will be repeated. Consecutive failures will result in additional testingof the instrument. Refer to the instrument manual.

5.3.5 Survey data acquired prior to an instrument failing a source check will be reviewed todetermine the validity of the data. This review will be documented.

5.3.6 Record the source check reading on Form HPMIM-2-5-1.

6 REFERENCES

6.1 Instruction Manual - Ludlum Measurements, Inc., Sweetwater, TX, for Model 19 pR Meter, RevisedJuly, 1997 for Serial Numberl38413 and succeeding serial numbers.

7 ATTACHMENTS

7.1 Forms

Form HPM/M-2-5-1 Daily Check Log for Ludlum Model 19 1iR Meter

Page 3 of 3

Penn ER359 North Gate DriveWarrendale, PA 15086724/93413530

Form IIPMIM-2-5-1Daily Check Log for Ludlum Model 19 AR Meter

Instrument Model: 19

Instrument SIN: | _ |

Detector Model: N/A

Detector SIN: N/A

Calibration Due:

Source SIN:

Source DPM: NIA

Radiation Detected: Gamma

Acceptable Range:(R.fr b Penn E&RWtNlAI-2-1-1)

| Background 1 Gross Source Net Source | lDate I plR/hr I pR/hrI ;.tR~hr I Technician I Comments

4" 4 4 4 4-

4" 4 4 4 4"

4- 4 4 4 4"

+ 4- 4 4 4

I" 4- 4- 4"

1" 4- 4- 4- 4"

1" 4- 4- 4- 4"

4" 1- 4- 4- 4-

4" 4- t t 4-

4 4" I I

Comments:

Prepared By: Date:

Reviewed By: Date:

Page- formns.xls


Ludlum Model 2221 Portable Scaler Ratemeter with44 -10 Probe

Former Kaiser Aluminum Specialty Products FacilityTulsa, Oklahoma

REVISION: 00


APPROVED BY: J.W inzant, Project Manager

DATE: 3 3'/ -/


Ludlum Model 2221 Portable Scaler Ratemeterwith 44-10 Probe

REVISION: 0


;7/i(6y 4-'1 1 . I/ vPrepared by:Andrew J. LombardoCivil & Environmental Consultant

I/I

Date:

's, Inc.

LIApproved by:Vice President - Radiological Services

Date:

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/IHPM/M-2-6359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Ludlum Model 2221 Portable Scaler724/934/3530 Ratemetcr with 44-10 Probe

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to provide basic operational instructions for the Ludlum Model 2221Portable Scaler Ratemeter when accompanied with a 44-10 Probe.

2.0 DEFINITIONSNA


3.1 Penn E&RIHPM/MI-2-1, "Basic Instrument Operation"

4.0 EQUIPMENT

* 44-10 Probe or Equivalent* Ludlum Model 2221 Portable Scaler Ratemeter* Batteries

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 Installing Batteries

5.1.1 Unscrew battery door latch.

5.1.2 Install four "D" size batteries in the battery holder. The correct position of the batteries isindicated on the bottom of the battery door.

5.2 Instrument Settings for the 44-10 Probe

5.2.1 For scanning area with the 44-10 Probe, the audio divide on the meter is recommended tobe set at 10. However, in areas of elevated activity, it may be necessary to increase theaudio divide to 100.

5.2.2 The response switch should be selected for fast (F) response when performing scans of theareas.

5.2.3 The window selection should be in the "out" position.

5.2.4 Dig. Rate is used with performing gamma scans and the scaler mode is used whenperforming fixed counts.

5.3 Operating the Instrument

5.3.1 Switch the Power ON/OFF switch to the ON position. A random number will first beobserved in the display, then 8.8:8.8:8.8. The third displayed number will be the programversion.

Page 2 of 4

---

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/IIPMIM-2-6359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Ludlum Model 2221 Portable Scaler724/934/3530 Ratemeter with 44-10 Probe

5.3.2 Press COUNT button. The display should zero. Two colons should appear on the display.

5.3.3 Press HOLD button. The colons should disappear.

5.3.4 Switch Lamp toggle switch to the ON position. LCD display backlighting and two lamps atthe bottom on the analog meter should be illuminated.

NOTE: If the Lamp switch is left in the ON position for extended periods of time, batterylife will decrease rapidly.

5.3.5 Check the rest of the Test functions for proper operation.


5.4.1 Ensure that the cables are in good condition. Cables can be checked by gently wrigglingthe cable and listening for changes to the inflections in the audible response.

5.4.2 Ensure that the connections are in their locked position and in proper contact. This can bechecked by gently wriggling the ends of the connections and listening for changes to theinflections in the audible response.

5.4.3 If changes in the audible response are noted, the cable may be damaged. Replace the cableand perform the above steps again.

5.4.4 Depress the BAT button on the meter face. The reading will show up as a number between1 and 6. It is suggested that the batteries be replaced when the reading falls below 5.2.


5.5.1 Prior to using the counting system, the performance check value of the average responsewill be determined. If the instrument is recalibrated at any point, the performance checkvalue will need to be re-established in accordance with Procedure Penn E&R/HPM/M-2- 1.

5.5.2 Each day the instrument is used, determine the ambient background and record onForm HPM/M-2-6-1.

5.5.3 Each day that a counting system is used, the response will be checked using an appropriatecheck source as follows:

5.5.3.1 The source is placed under the detector and counted for one minute. Ensure thecount geometry is consistent with the geometry used to establish acceptancecriteria.

5.5.3.2 The net counts per minute value is compared to the performance check value todetermine a pass or fail status.

5.5.3.3 Record the result on Form HPM/M-2-6-1.

5.5.4 Failed source checks will be repeated. Consecutive failures will result in additional testingof the instrument. Refer to the meter/detector manuals.

Page 3 of 4


Health Physics ManualProcedure: Penn E&RAIIPM/M-2-6

Title: Ludlum Model 2221 Portable ScalerRatemeter with 44-10 Probe


6.0 REFERENCES

6.1 Instruction Manual - Ludlum Measurements, Inc., Sweetwater, TX, for Ludlum Model 2221Portable Scaler Ratemeter.

7.0 ATTACHMENTS

7.1 Forms

Form HPMIM-2-6-1 Daily Check Log for Ludlum Model 2221 with 44-10 Detector

Page 4 of 4


Form HPM/M-2-6-1Daily Check Log for Ludlum Model 2221 with 44-10 Detector

Instrument Model: 2221

Instrument SIN:

Detector Model: 44-10

Detector SIN:

Source S/N:

Source DPM: N/A

Radiation Detected: gamma

Acceptable Range:(Refer to Penn EMRItallt.-2-.-1)

Calibration Due:

Background Gross Source Net SourceDate Count Rate I Count Rate Count Rate Technician I Comments

4 4- 4 1 4

1 4- 1- 4 I

4 + 4- 4 4

4 + 4- 4 4

4 + 4- 4 4

4 4 + 4 4-

4 4 4- 4 4-

1 4- 4- 4 1-

4 4 4- 4 4-

4 4 -4- 4 +

4- .4 4- 4- 4-

.4 4- 4- -4-

I~ I -Il

Comments:

Prepared By: Date:

Reviewed By: Date:

Page - forms.XIS

PROCEDURE: Penn E&RIHPMIM-2-7

Ludlum Model 2929 Dual ScalerFormer Kaiser Aluminum Specialty Products Facility

Tulsa, Oklahoma

REVISION: 00


APPROVED BY: .W. Vinzant, Project Manager

DATE: -'


Ludlum Model 2929 Dual Scaler

REVISION: 0


A /?//,o I


Approved V Date:Vice President - Radiological Services

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Pcnn E&RTIIPMIM-2-7359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Ludlum Model 2929 Dual Scaler724193413530

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to provide basic operational instruction for the Ludlum Model 2929 DualScaler.

2.0 DEFINITIONS

Background: A measurement taken by an instrument to determine the amount of naturally occurringradiation at a given time at a given location.

Planchet: A tray onto which a swipe sample or smear is placed in order to be analyzed.

Swipe: A cloth or paper disc that is wiped on the surface of an area or object being surveyed. Also referredto as a smear.

3.0 PREREQQUISITES/PRECAUTIONS/LIMITATIONS

3.1 Penn E&R/HPMIM-2-1, "Basic Instrument Operation"

3.2 Penn E&R/IIPM/M-2-1, "Instrument Minimum Detectable Concentration Calculations"

4.0 EQUIPMENT

* Ludlum Model 2929 Dual Scaler* Planchets* Cloth Swipes

5.0 PROCEDURE


5.1.1 Turn the instrument on.

5.1.2 Slide sample receiver into the base of the counting instrument and lock down the receiverby turning the locking mechanism clockwise.

5.1.3 Adjust the audible volume so that the alpha and beta/gamma clicks can be easily heard.

5.1.4 Ensure that the cables are in good condition. Cables can be checked by gently wrigglingthe cable and listening for changes to the inflections in the audible response.

5.1.5 Ensure that the connections are in their locked position and in proper contact. This can bechecked by gently wriggling the ends of the connections and listening for changes to theinflections in the audible response.

Page 2 of 4

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/IIPMVNI-2-7359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Ludlum Model 2929 Dual Scaler724/934/3530

5.1.6 If changes in the audible response are noted, the cable may be damaged. Replace the cableand perform the above steps again.


5.2.1 Prior to using the counting system, the source check acceptance criteria of the averageresponse will be determined. If the instrument is recalibrated at any point, the source checkacceptance criteria will need to be re-established, in accordance with Procedure PennE&RtIHPM/M-2-1.

5.2.2 Each day the instrument is used, determine the ambient background and record on FormHPMIM-2-7-1.

5.2.3 Perform the background count for the predetermined duration by completely closing andlocking the tray and pressing the count button. At the end of the time, record the resultsand count time.

5.2.4 Each day that a counting system is used, the response will be checked using an appropriatesource, as follows.

5.2.4.1 Perform the source count by placing the appropriate source (alpha or beta) on aplanchet. Place the planchet in the tray and insert the tray. Completely close thetray and lock the source into place. Begin the source count by depressing thecount button. At the end of the time, record the results. This count is performedon both alpha and beta sources.

5.2.4.2 The net counts per minute value is compared to the acceptance criteria todetermine a pass or fail status.

5.2.4.3 Record the source check readings on Form HPMIM-2-7-1.

5.2.4 Compare the source check result against the established postcalibration acceptance criteria.Failed source checks will be repeated. Consecutive failures will result in additional testingof the instrument. Refer to instrument manual.


5.2.6 Determine the minimum detectable concentration for the instrument each day used, inaccordance with Procedure Penn E&RIHPM/M-2-2.

5.3 Counting Samples

5.3.1 Check and set the time indicator for the sample count guidelines.

5.3.2 Place the swipe sample on a planchet. Open the tray and insert the planchet. Completelyclose the tray and lock it into place. Press the count button.

5.3.3 At the end of the predetermined time period, record the alpha and beta/gamma counts.

Page 3 of 4



Procedure: Penn E&RPJIPMIMI-2-7

Title: Ludlum Model 2929 Dual Scaler

5.3.4 Remove the planchet and repeat, as necessary.

5.3.5 A routine background count should be performed periodically between samplemeasurements to assure that no residual build-up of contamination occurs on sample tray orplanchet. A separate planchet is preferable for each sample. Properly decontaminate thesample tray and/or planchet as appropriate.

6.0 REFERENCESNA

7.0 ATTACHMENTSForm HPMIM-2-7-1 Daily Check for Ludlum Model 2929 with a 43-10-1 Detector

Page 4 of 4

F-1- Y F1--7 r F -- r-- r-7- v-- r- r: rI[7.. 1-r --- r----- r--- r-- Fr'.


Form HPM/M-2-7-1Daily Check Log for Ludlum Model 2929 with a 43-10-1 Detector

Instrument Model: 2929Instrument SIN:_Detector Model: 43-10-1

Detector SIN:_

_ _ ..

Source SIN:4 I

Source AmountRadiation Detected: Alpha BetaAcceptable Range- I

Calihratinn Dufe:' Rackopmimd Cmnett Time-_____- - _ ____ _ JIJI- ___ __ ___ _. l

Background Background | Gross ci Net pCount Rate Count Rate Source Source Net a Source Source

Alpha Beta Count Rate Count Rate Count Rate Count RateDate (cpm) (cpm) (cpm) (cpm) (cpm) (cpm) Technician Comments

Prepared By: Date:

+Reviewed By: Date:

___________________________________________________________________ .1.

forns.xls


Ludlum Model 2360 Scaler / Ratemeter with the Model43-68 Gas Proportional Detector


REVISION: 00


APPROVED BY: J.Winzant, Project Manager

DATE: 3 /- O /

------


Ludlum Model 2360 Scaler/Ratemeter with theModel 43-68 Gas Proportional Detector

REVISION: 0


/1' 17 - o3r3/


/Approved by:Vice President - Radiological Services

Date:

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/IIPMIM-2-8359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Ludlum Model 2360 ScalerlRatemeter with724/934/3530 the Model 43-68 Gas Proportional Detector

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to provide basic operational instruction for the Ludlum Model 2360Scaler/Ratemeter with the Model 43-68 Gas Proportional Detector.

2.0 DEFINITIONS

Background: A measurement taken by an instrument to determine the amount of naturally occurringradiation at a given time at a given location.

Calibration source: A National Institute of Standards and Technology- (NIST) traceable check source of aknown value used to calibrate or verify the response efficiency of an instrument.


Instrument: A meter-detector combination that has been calibrated as a single unit. Some instruments arecapable of being calibrated with several detectors simultaneously.


Efficiency: A measure of the instrument's ability to detect radiological activity. It is calculated by usingthe formula:

E = ((C-Br)/D)

Where:

E = Instrument efficiencyC = Displayed value from the instrument count of the calibration source (count

rate)Br = Background count rateD = Known decay-corrected disintegrations per minute (dpm) value of thecalibration source usually between 50,000 to 150,000 dpm. This value isgeometry dependent and should be noted on the calibration certificate, e.g., 2nor 4x geometry. For final status or characterization surveys where total alpha orbeta scanning or static measurements are performed, obtain a source certificateindicating the 2x (beta or alpha) emission rate to determine instrumentefficiency. The product of the instrument efficiency (E.) and source efficiencyare required to calculate the total detector efficiency (E,).


3.1 Any person operating a radiological survey instrument must be trained in its use orsupervised during its operation by a qualified instructor.

3.2 Failure of any preoperational check will result in the instrument being removed fromoperation and repaired as necessary.

3.3 An operator repair such as replacing batteries or cables does not require the instrument to berecalibrated. However, the efficiency of the instrument should be checked.

Page 2 of 6

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&RIIIPMAI-2-8359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Ludlum Model 2360 Scaler/Ratemeter with724/934/3530 the Model 43-68 Gas Proportional Detector

- 3.4 All manufacturer's recommendations regarding use, calibration, and/or maintenance of aninstrument will be followed unless otherwise documented in this or other written procedure(s).

3.5 Additional guidance for operating an instrument can be found in the appropriate procedureand/or the manufacturer's manual for that instrument.

3.6 Penn E&R/HPMI/M-2-1, "Basic Instrument Operation"

3.7 Penn E&RIHPM/M-2-1, "Instrument Minimum Detectable Concentration Calculations"

4.0 EQUIPMENT

* Ludlum Model 2360 Scaler/Ratemeter, or equivalent* Ludlum Model 43-68 Gas Proportional Detector, or equivalent. P-10 Gas

5.0 PROCEDURE

L 5.1 Preoperational Checks

5.1.1 Turn the instrument on and perform a battery check or verify that the power is on. Replacebatteries (or charge battery as appropriate) if necessary.

5.1.2 Adjust the audible volume so that the alpha and beta/gamma clicks can be easily heard.

l 5.2 Operational Checks

5.2.1 Prior to using the counting system, the source check acceptance criteria of the averageresponse will be determined. If the instrument is recalibrated at any point, the source checkacceptance criteria will be re-established, in accordance with Procedure PennE&RIHPM/M-2-1.

! 5.2.2 The probe can be used as a sealed chamber or as a continuous purge using P-10 gas(10 percent methane and 90 percent argon).

5.2.2.1 Connect the gas purge valve to one of the ports on the probe creating an outletport. Assuring that all P-10 system valves are in the closed position, connect theinlet valve to the other port. Starting with the valves closest to the cylinder,slowly adjust the gas flow through the regulator and throttle valves to acquirethe proper gas flow.

5.2.2.2 Ensure gas flow does not exceed 0.5 liters per minute (Ipm) and does not causedetector window to inflate. To use as a sealed chamber, remove the inlet portvalve prior to the outlet gas purge valve creating a sealed chamber for the 43-68gas proportional detector.

Page 3 of 6

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/IIPMAI-2-8359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Ludlum Model 2360 Scaler/Ratemeter with724/934/3530 the Model 43-68 Gas Proportional Detector

5.2.3 Each day the instrument is used, determine ambient background and record on FormHPM/M-2-8-1.

5.2.4 Each day that a counting system is used, the response will be checked using an appropriatesource, as follows.

5.2.4.1 Perform the source count by placing the appropriate source (alpha or beta) beneaththe detector in a fixed-count geometry. This count is performed on both alpha andbeta sources.

5.2.4.2 The net counts per minute value are compared to the acceptance criteria todetermine a pass or fail status.

5.2.4.3 Record the source check readings on Form HPM/M-2-8-1.

5.2.5 Check the source results against the established postcalibration acceptance criteria. Failedsource checks will be repeated. Consecutive failures will result in trouble-shooting of theinstrument. Refer to instrument manual.

5.2.6 Compare the net counts per minute value of the channel(s) of concern (i.e., alpha) andcompare to the last reading taken immediately after a purge. If the reading drops greaterthan 10 percent, the probe must be repurged with P-10 gas for a minimum of 15 minutes. Ifthe probe is being used as a continuous purge, the gas flow rate may be too low. A visualinspection of the mylar window should be made to assure the integrity of the gas chamber.


5.2.8 Determine the minimum detectable concentration for the instrument each day used, inaccordance with Procedure Penn E&R/HPM/M-2-2.

5.3 Gas Decay Check (If Required)

5.3.1 Connect the gas purge valves as necessary.

5.3.2 Turn on gas flow.

5.3.3 Ensure gas flow does not exceed 0.5 liters per minute (Ipm) and does not cause detectorwindow to inflate.

5.3.4 Gas purge duration should be at least 15 minutes.

5.3.5 Connect the detector to the appropriate meter.

5.3.6 Initiate a background count in air for the predetermined duration. Record result on FormHPM/M-2-8-1.

5.3.7 Expose the detector to calibration source(s) and initiate a count for the predeterminedduration.

Page 4 of 6

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/IIPM/IM-2-8359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Ludlum Model 2360 Scaler/Ratemeter with724/934/3530 the Model 43-68 Gas Proportional Detector

5.3.8 Calculate the efficiency response(s) and compare to the efficiency percent value(s) atcalibration. The efficiency value(s) should approximate the efficiency value(s) for thecalibration source(s) obtained either during or following calibration. Low efficiency value(s)may mean the gas purge duration was not sufficient. In that case, continue the gas purge forat least another 15 minutes and repeat the efficiency check. Record the result(s) on FormHPMIM-1-2-2. Remove the instrument from operation if a satisfactory efficiency value is notobtained after a second purge.

5.3.9 Remove the detector from the gas purge and proceed with surveys. Do not exceed the gasdecay duration. The gas decay duration is listed on the detector or will be determined in thefield using a watch and source checks at 20-minute intervals.

5.3.10 Upon completion of surveys, or prior to the expiration of the gas decay duration, expose thedetector to a calibration source(s) and initiate a count for the predetermined duration.

5.3.11 Calculate the efficiency response(s) and record the result(s) on Form HBPM/M-1-2-2. Returnefficiency response(s) with a difference greater than 10 percent in all detection channels isunacceptable and predicates a review of collected data or resurvey to ensure accurate surveyresults. The instrument will also be removed from operation and repaired, as necessary.

5.4 Gas Constant Purge Check (If Required)

5.4.1 Connect all gas fittings.

5.4.2 Turn on the gas flow.

5.4.3 Check to ensure gas flow does, exceed 0.5 1pm and does not cause the detector window toinflate.

5.4.4 Gas purge duration should be at least 15 minutes.

5.4.5 Connect the detector to the appropriate meter.

5.4.6 Initiate a background count in air for the predetermined duration. Record result on FormHPM/M-2-8-1.

5.4.7 Expose the detector to a calibration source(s) and initiate a count for the predeterminedduration.

5.4.8 Calculate the efficiency response(s) and compare to the efficiency percent value(s) atcalibration. The efficiency value(s) should approximate the efficiency value(s) for thecalibration source(s) obtained either during or following calibration. Low efficiency value(s)may mean the gas purge duration was not sufficient. In that case, continue the gas purge forat least another 15 minutes and repeat the efficiency check. Record the result(s) on FormHPM/M-2-8-1. Remove the instrument from operation if a satisfactory efficiency value is notobtained after a second purge.

5.4.9 Proceed with the survey.

Page 5 of 6


Health Physics ManualProcedure: Penn E&RIIIPM/M-2-8

Title: Ludlum Model 2360 Scaler/Ratemeter withthe Model 43-68 Gas Proportional Detector

6.0 REFERENCESNA

7.0 ATTACHMENTSForm HPM/M-2-8-1 Gas Decay Log

Page 6 of 6

1F- r- 1-' r- *-- r- r 1 I r i---- r-- I r r i I

Penn ER359 North Gate DriveWarrendale, Pa 15086724/935/3530

Form HPMIM-2-8-1Daily Check Log for Ludlum Model 2360 with 43-68 Detector

InstrumentlSN: Ludlum Model 2360 Check Source(s) Used: Th-230, S/N Tc-99, S/NDetectorlSN: Model 43-68 / If not continuous purge, do not exceed 4 hoursEFF %: a<= % 2g 4n 1= % 2n 4n source check acceptance criteria a without repurging

CALIB. SOURCE USED: Th-230, Tc-99 Average (NCPM): Leak Checks:DATE OF CALIB.: +2 sigma: TH-230 Tc-99

CALIB. DUE DATE: -2 sigma: dpm/swipe:PERFORMED BY: +3 sigma: date:

-3 sigma: Performed By:

TECHNICIAN'S ALPHA/ RESPONSENAME BETA CHECK DATE COMMENTS

Reviewed By: Date:

Form2-8-1

Chapter 3

Surveys


Gross Gamma SurveysFormer Kaiser Aluminum Specialty Products Facility

Tulsa, Oklahoma

REVISION: 00


APPROVED BY: J.W inzant, Project Manager

DATE: :_______


Gross Gamma Surveys

REVISION: 0


I 3/


Approved Date:Vice President - Radiological Services

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&RIIIPMAI-3-1359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Gross Gamma Surveys724/934/3530

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to provide written instruction for measuring gross gamma activity in soil.

2.0 DEFINITIONS

Site Background Count: A measurement taken by an instrument to determine the amount of naturallyoccurring radiation at a given time and given location.

Shine: Radiation detected from radioactive material in the vicinity of the area that is being surveyed, inaddition to natural background radiation.


3.1 Instrument must pass preoperational and operational checks as outlined in Procedure PennE&R/HPMIM-2-1 and the appropriate instrument procedure.

3.2 Procure any drawings of the survey area which indicate the facility features and referencelocations.

3.3 Background count rates may vary by area and time of day. Background should be establishedin discrete areas based on variations in the background count rate and should be establishedat least daily for each such area. Variations in background as the elevation of themeasurement changes should be accounted for. For example, shine from surroundingstructures may be shielded at a lower elevation but may increase background as elevationincreases.

3.4 Before initiating a gross gamma soil survey be sure to record the instrument serial number(s),calibration date(s), date of survey, time of survey, study area and survey unit. Refer toProcedure Penn E&RIHPM/M-1-3 for more specifics

3.5 Additional guidance on performing gross gamma surveys is provided in NUREG-1575.

3.6 Ensure the preoperational and source checks have been completed prior to initiating survey.

3.7 If the gross gamma survey is part of a final status survey, refer to the appropriate final statussurvey plan for additional guidance.

4.0 EQUIPMENT

4.1 2-inch-by-2-inch sodium iodide scintillator, Ludlum Model 44-10, or equivalent

4.2 Ludlum Model 2221 Ratemeter, or equivalent

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 The background count rate (in counts per minute [cpm]) should be established for each discrete areato be surveyed and each time (at least daily) that a survey is performed.

Page 2 of 3

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&RIIHPM/MI-3-1359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Gross Gamma Surveys724/934/3530

5.2 Background count rate should be established at approximately 1 meter above the surface to bescanned. If shine causes the background count rate at I meter above the surface to exceed the countrate at the surface, note on the survey map and/or other survey documentation.

5.3 Record the background established for the survey area, the date and time of the background countsfor each area, and the average background count rate (cpm) on Form HPM/M-3-1-1.

5.4 Using the guidance provided in Procedure Penn E&R/HPM/M-2-2, calculate the scan MinimumDetectable Concentration prior to surveying the area.

5.5 Position the detector as close to the surface as reasonable but not greater than 10 centimeters fromthe surface to be surveyed.

5.6 Slowly pass the detector across the surface at a rate of lateral motion not to exceed 0.5 meters persecond.

5.7 Listen for a change in the audible response and watch the analog or digital readout for a change.

5.8 If an increase in the audible count rate is detected, pause and allow the reading to stabilize(approximatelyl15 to 30 seconds) and complete the following:

5.8.1 Perform a station fixed-time count (e.g., 1-minute fixed-time count on contact with the soil).

5.8.2 Subtract background established for the grid from the fixed-count result and record the net.

5.9 Mark any areas of elevated activity using paint, grease pencil, survey flags, or other methods,depending on the survey location. An elevated area is any area that exceeds the DCGLWv scanthreshold established by correlation of field measurement (ncpm) and laboratory analysis(pci/gram).

5.10 Continue traversing the survey unit (area) until the required survey coverage is achieved.

5.11 Record the results on Form HPM/M-3-1-1 or on other appropriate survey documentation.

5.12 Attach drawings, pictures, and/or supporting data.

6.0 REFERENCES


7.0 ATTACHMENTS

7.1 Forms

HPMIM-3-1-1 Survey Data Log

Page 3 of 3

F--- I--- F-- - 1- I--- F -- I- r-.- K-- 1- --- v----I--- . I -: , F- F ---,


Form HPM/M-3-1-1Survey Data Log

Instrument Model:

Instrument SIN:

Detector Model:

Detector SIN:

Date of Survey:

Units of Measure: iR/hr / cpm

Radiation Detected: P Y

Calibration Due:

| Ambient Bkg. Count Rate Scan of the Area | On ContactTime J Survey Area | On Contact @ 1 Meter IMaximum Minimum Average Measurement Comments

II

Technician:

Prepared By: I Date:

Reviewed By: Date:

Page forns.xls


Beta / Gamma SurveysFormer Kaiser Aluminum Specialty Products Facility

Tulsa, Oklahoma

REVISION: 00


APPROVED BY: J.W. Venzant, Project Manager

DATE:


Beta/Gamma Surveys

REVISION: 00


<'L///6Prepared by: Date:Andrew J. LombardoCivil & Environmental Consultants, Inc.


/


Health Physics ManualProcedure: Penn E&RIHPIIPMI-3-2

Title: Beta/Gamma Surveys

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to provide written instructions for measuring the static or scanning levelsof beta/gamma radiation on structural surfaces.

2.0 DEFINITIONS

Static Count: A count taken for a specified amount of time in a stationary location.

Standoffs: Spacers used to keep the detector at a specified distance from a surface.


3.1 Surface must free of foreign material.

3.2 Instrument must pass preoperational checks as outlined in Procedure Penn E&R/HPMIM-2-1and the appropriate instrument procedure before use.

3.3 Additional guidance on performing beta/gamma surveys is provided in NUREG-1575.

3.4 If the beta/gamma survey is part of a final status survey, refer to the appropriate final statussurvey plan for guidance.

4.0 EQUIPMENT

4.1 Appropriate calibrated survey meter and detector.

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 Presurvey

5.1.1 Select scaler mode.

5.1.2 Hold the detector in the air away from any potentially contaminated surfaces and perform abackground count for the predetermined duration. Record the result in the appropriate surveydocumentation (e.g., survey maps, Form HPMJM-3-2-1).

5.2 Static Survey

5.2.1 Prior to performing a static survey, use the guidance provided in Procedure PennE&R/HPM/M-2-2 to calculate the time required to achieve the desired Minimum DetectableConcentration (MDC) value. The desired MDC value should be a fraction of the acceptancecriteria specified in the survey plan or other applicable technical basis document.


5.2.3 Position the detector within one-half inch (1.3 centimeters [cm]) of the surface to be surveyed.

Page 2 of 4

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/IIPM/IM-3-2359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Beta/Gamma Surveys724/934/3530

5.2.4 Initiate a static count in accordance with the appropriate instrument procedure for thepredetermined time duration.

5.2.5 Record the gross result in the appropriate survey documentation (e.g., survey maps, FormPenn E&R/HPM/M-3-2-1). Go to Step 5.4

5.3 Scan Survey

5.3.1 Prior to performing a beta/gamma scan survey, use the guidance provided in ProcedureHPM/M-2-2 to calculate the scan MDC.

5.3.2 Select ratemeter mode.

5.3.3 Position the detector within one-half inch (1.3 cm) of the surface to be surveyed. May beaccomplished by use of "standoffs" attached to the bottom of the detector.

5.3.4 Slowly pass the detector across the surface to be surveyed at a rate of lateral motion not toexceed one probe width per second (approximately 10 cm, depending on the detector size).

5.3.5 Due to the delicate nature of the probe face, care must be taken to avoid damage by roughsurfaces or sharp objects.

5.3.6 Listen for a change in the audible count rate and observe for changes in the analog/digitalreading. The surveyor must be careful to listen for subtle audible count rate increases whichwill occur before a visual increase in needle deflection or digital readout. The surveyor musthold the probe on this area for at least one second to determine the actual reading.

5.3.7 Outline any areas of elevated activity using paint, grease pencil, survey flags, or othermethods, depending on the survey location.

5.3.8 Traverse the survey area at very close intervals. Best results are obtained when the areasunder the probe overlap due to the directional dependence of the probe.

5.3.9 Record the gross result in the appropriate survey documentation (e.g., survey maps, FormHPM/M-3-2-1).

5.4 Data Conversion

5.4.1 Calculate the beta\gamma disintegrations per minute (dpm)/100 square cm (cm2) by using thefollowing equation and record on Penn E&RIHPMIM-3-2-2 or other appropriatedocumentation.

Beta\gamma dpm/100 cm2 = ((c/m - B/m)/E)*(lOO/A)

Where:clin = total count rate from instrument in counts per minuteB/m = background count rate (predetermined background radiation level taken

from an unaffected area)A = active surface area of the detector in cm2

E = for final status or characterization surveys where total alpha or beta scanningor static measurements are performed, obtain a source certificate indicating

Page 3 of 4


Health Physics ManualProcedure: Penn E&RIHPMIM-3-2

Title: Beta/Gamma Surveys

the 2it (beta or alpha) emission rate to determine instrument efficiency. Theproduct of the instrument efficiency (E; ) and source efficiency are required tocalculate the total detector efficiency (EJ.

Total efficiency in counts per disintegration (cpd) is given byEj x E5, Where:

E, = instrument efficiency in cpd determined using the 2nemission rate of the source (from the calibration certificate)Es = source efficiency, 0.25 for maximum beta energies between0.15 and 0.4 McV and 0.5 for maximum beta energies >4 McV.

5.4.2 Calculate the 95% confidence level uncertainty (2 sigma uncertainty) in units ofdpm/lOOcm2 using the following equation and record on HIPM/M-3-2-2 or otherappropriate documentation:

95% CL Uc 196 ,/(samplecounts I(sampletinze2 )) + (bkgcounts l(bkgtine2 ))(EjxEsx(A/1lO))

6.0 REFERENCES


7.0 ATTACHMENTS

7.1 Forms

HPM/M-3-2-1

HPM/M-3-2-2

Decommissioning Survey Data Form

Survey Data Conversion Form

Page 4 of 4

rF F-" (-" F Fr - r- r-- r- -- r r--- r - -**r- F. - r-- r--- I- r- F . " I '

Penn ER359 North Gate DriveWarrendale, PA 15086724/9A34/353

Decommissioning Survey Data FormForm ESCIHPM/M-3-2-1

. ---_. _Survey Number Survey Date: | Survey Type:

Location: | Notes:

Surveyor(s):A/e Survey Survey

Grid Coordinates Survey Ats Instrument Instrument Alpha Beta/Gamma Alpha Scan Alpha Scn Beta/Gamma Beta/GammaPoint Detector Serlal Calibration Count Rate Count Rate Average Range Average Range

East (E) North (N) Number SIN Number Date (CPM) (CPM) (CPM) (CPM) (CPM) (CPM) Comments

N/A N/A _ =-__ -Background Reading

Prepared By Date:

Reviewed By: Date:

surv-dateds Page 1 of 1


Form HPM/M-3-2-2Survey Data Conversion Form

Date of Survey: Type of Radiation:

Instrument Serial #: Calibration Due Date:

Detector Serial #: Calibration Due Date:

E, (Surface Efficiency): E; (Insturnent Efficiency):

BKG Counts: BKG Count Time (nm):

A tive A - nf nm-f-a V-1-{er,} MrAT'If lm1('m8I

Grid Coordinates Total 95% CLSurvey Point Survey Point Gross Counts Gross Count Rate Net Count Rate Contamination Uncertainty

East (E) North (N) Number Count Time (in (cts) (cpm) (cpm) (dpmr100cmn2 ) (dpmnV00cm2 )

Comments:

Prepared By: Date:

Reviewed By: Date:

forn3-2-2.xis


Alpha SurveysFormer Kaiser Aluminum Specialty Products Facility

Tulsa, Oklahoma

REVISION: 00


APPROVED BY: J.W. inzant, Project Manager

DATE:


Alpha Surveys

REVISION: 0


aid _ 313116 S


Applevd by:Vice President - Radiological Services

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Pcnn E&R/IIPMAI-3-3359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Alpha Surveys724/934/3530

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to provide written instructions for measuring the static or scanning levelsof alpha radiation on structural surfaces.

2.0 DEFINITIONS

Standoffs: Spacers used to keep the detector a specified distance from a surface.

Static Count: A count taken for a specified amount of time in a stationary location.


3.1 Surface must be dry, free of foreign material, and relatively flat.

3.2 When performing an alpha survey the detector should be in contact with the surface or asclose as possible.

3.3 Instrument must pass preoperational checks as outlined in Procedure Penn E&R/HIPM/1M1-2-1and the appropriate instrument procedure.

3.4 Additional guidance on performing alpha surveys is provided in NUREG-1575.

3.5 If the beta/gamma survey is part of a final status survey, refer to the appropriate final statussurvey plan for guidance.

4.0 EQUIPMENT

4.1 Appropriate calibrated survey meter and detector.

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 Presurvey


5.1.2 Hold the detector in the air away from any potentially contaminated surfaces and perform abackground count for the predetermined duration. Record the result in appropriate the surveydocumentation (e.g., survey maps, Form HPM/M-3-2-1).

5.2 Static Survey

5.2.1 Prior to performing a static survey, use the guidance provided in Procedure PennE&R/HPM/M-2-2 to calculate the time required to achieve the desired Minimum DetectableConcentration (MDC) value. The desired MDC value should be a fraction of the acceptancecriteria specified in the survey plan or other applicable technical-basis document.

Page 2 of 4

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&RIIPMAI-3-3359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Alpha Surveys724/934/3530


5.2.3 Position the detector within one-quarter inch (0.6 centimeter [cm]) of the surface to besurveyed. This may be accomplished by use of "standoffs" attached to the bottom of thedetector.

5.2.4 Initiate a static count in accordance with the appropriate instrument procedure for thepredetermined time duration.

5.2.5 Record the gross result in the appropriate survey documentation (e.g., survey maps, FormBPM/M-3-2-1). Go to Substep 5.4

5.3 Scan Survey

5.3.1 Prior to performing an alpha scan survey, use the guidances provided in Procedure PennE&R/HPM-M-2-2 to determine the probability of detecting an area of contamination forgiven scan rates.

5.3.2 Select ratemeter mode.

5.3.3 Position the detector within one quarter inch (0.6 cm) of the surface to be surveyed. This maybe accomplished by use of standoffs attached to the bottom of the detector.

5.3.4 Slowly pass the detector across the surface to be surveyed at a rate of lateral motion not toexceed half a probe width per second. Due to the delicate nature of the probe face, care mustbe taken to avoid damage by rough surfaces or sharp objects.

5.3.5 Listen for a change in the audible count rate and observe for changes in the analog/digitalreading. The surveyor must be careful to listen for subtle audible count rate increases (I to 3counts) which will occur before a visual increase in needle deflection or digital readout. Thesurveyor must hold the probe on this area for at least one second to determine the actualreading. It may be necessary to slow down the scan rate to one quarter of a probe width persecond to reach the audible detection threshold.

5.3.6 Mark any areas of elevated activity using paint, grease pencil, survey flags, or other methods,depending on the survey location.

5.3.7 Traverse the survey area at very close intervals. Best results are obtained when the areasunder the probe overlap. This is due to two factors. The first is the directional dependence ofthe probe. The second is due to the short range of alpha particles.

5.3.8 Record the gross results in the appropriate survey documentation (e.g., survey maps, FormHPM/M-3-2-1).

5.4 Data Conversion

5.4.1 Calculate the beta\gamma disintegrations per minute (dpm)/100 square cm (cm2) by using thefollowing equation and record on Penn E&RIHPMIM-3-2-2 or other appropriatedocumentation.

Page 3 of 4


Health Physics ManualProcedure: Penn E&RJIIPM/M-3-3

Title: Alpha Surveys

Alpha dpm/100 cm2 = ((c/m - B/m)/E)*(lOOIA)

Where:

c/m = total count rate from instrument in counts per minuteB/m = background count rate (predetermined background radiation level taken

from an unaffected area)A = active surface area of the detector in cm2

E = efficiency of instrument in counts per disintegration (cpd)

= E, x E5, Where:

E= 2it instrument efficiency (cpd) from the calibrationcertificate

E= source efficiency, 0.25

5.4.2 Calculate the 95% confidence level uncertainty (2 sigma uncertainty) in units ofdpm/lOOcmn2 using the following equation and record on HPM/M-3-2-2 or otherappropriate documentation:

95% CL Un 1.96 (samplecountsl(sampletirne2)) + (bkgcountsl(bk-gtimne 2))(ExE~x(AIIOO))

6.0 REFERENCES


7.0 ATTACHMENTS

7.1 Forms

HPM/M-3-2-1 Decommissioning Survey Data Form

HPM/M-3-2-2 Survey Data Conversion Form

Page 4 of 4

F- " F -- r- F - !-- f-" V- ''- I' - I I I ' I I I I I I


Decommissioning Survey Data FormForm ESCIHPMIM-3-2-1

Survey Number Survey Date: Survey Type:

Location: Notes,

Surveyor(s):A/s Survey Survey

Grid Coordinates Survey A/B Instrument Instrument Alpha BetatGamma Alpha Scan Alpha Scan Beta/Gamma BetsOGammaPoint Detector Serial Calibration Count Rat Count Rate Average Range Average Range

East (E) North (N) Number SIN Number Date (CPM) (CPM) (CPM) (CPh) (CPM) (CPM) Comments

N/A N/A = Background Reading

Prepared By: Date:

Reviewed By: Date:

surv-dauds Page 1 of 1


Form HPMIM-3-2-2Survey Data Conversion Form

Date of Survey: Type of Radiation:



Es (Surface Efficiency): E; (Insturment Efficiency):

BKG Counts: BKG Count Time (min):

Active Area of Detector Probe (cn?): MDC (dpmt/lOOcm):

Grid Coordinates Total 95% CLSurvey Point Survey Point Gross Counts Gross Count Rate Net Count Rate Contamination Uncertainty

East (E) North (N) Number Count Time (min (cts) (cpm) (cpm) (dpmIlOOcm2 ) (dpm/nOVcan)

I.

4 I I

9 4- 4 .5. 4 9 4- 4-

9 + 4 4- 4 4 4- 4-

9 -0- 4 4- 4 4 4- 4-

t 4- 4 4 4 4 + +

4 4- 4 4- 4- 4 4- +

I-

I -1- 4

-4

4 4- 4 -4 4- 4 -4 4

t *0- 4 4 + 4 4 4

___==_= _I__I_ _ _=_ __Comments:

Prepared By: Date:

Reviewed By: Date:

form3-2-2.xls


Exposure Rate SurveysFormer Kaiser Aluminum Specialty Products Facility

Tulsa, Oklahoma

REVISION: 00


APPROVED BY: J. inzant, Project Manager

DATE: 3' 3/ o/


Exposure Rate Surveys

REVISION: 0


ed /1;716 StPrepared by: Date:Andrew J. LombardoCivil & Environmental Consultants, Inc.

Approved by:Vice President - Radiological Services

Date:



Procedure: Penn E&RIIIPM/IM 3-4

Title: Exposure Rate Surveys

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure to provide written instruction for measuring gamma exposure rate levels.

2.0 DEFINITIONS

Background Exposure Rate: A radiation exposure rate that occurs naturally in the environment.Background exposure rate would include exposure to cosmic radiationfrom outer space, terrestrial radiation from the radioactive elements inrocks and soil, and radiation from radon and its decay products in air.

3.0 PREREQUISITES/PRECAUTIONSJLIMITATIONS

3.1 The instrument to be used must pass the preoperational checks as outlined in Procedure PennE&RIHPM/MI-2-1 and the appropriate instrument procedure.

3.2 Background measurements for land areas should be collected at locations which areunaffected by effluent releases (upwind and upstream) and other site operations (upgradientfrom disposal areas).

3.3 Locations of potential runoff from areas of surface contamination and locations that may havebeen affected or disturbed by nonsite activities should also be avoided.

4.0 EQUIPMENT

4.1 A Ludlum Model l9pR, or equivalent, with an internal 1-inch-by-i-inch sodium iodide scintillator.

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 All Surveys

5.1.1 Complete the preoperational checks in accordance with Procedure Penn E&R/HPM/M-2-1and the appropriate instrument procedure.

5.1.2 Establish the background exposure rate for the area to be surveyed. Background isdetermined by measurements at locations on site or in the immediate vicinity of the site (outto several kilometers from the site boundary), which are unaffected by site operations. Allmeasurements should be taken at approximately 1 meter above ground. Take measurementsin accordance with Section 5.2.

5.1.3 To obtain an accurate background measurement, six to 10 measurements will be taken aboveunaffected areas and a confidence level of 95 percent determined to ensure accuracy. Theequation for determining the of samples is as follows:

Page 2 of 4

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/IIPMAI 3-4359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Exposure Rate Surveys724/934/3530

t95is* S.nB=_

0.2 xB

Where:

nB = Number of background measurements required

XB = Mean of initial background measurementsS, = Standard deviation of background measurementst95%, df = t Statistic for 95 percent confidence at df = n-I degrees of freedom,

where n is the number of initial background data points. A table oft values is provided in Procedure Penn E&R/HPM/M-2-1.

5.1.4 If the above calculation indicates that additional background measurements are needed, it isrecommended that they be collected uniformly over the area, using the same methodology asthat used for the initial measurements. The average background is then recalculated using alldata points.

5.2 General Area Survey

5.2.1 Position the detector approximately 1 meter above the surface to be surveyed.

5.2.2 Listen for a change in audible response and watch for needle deflection on the analog readout.

5.2.3 Record result on Form HPM/M-3-1-1 or survey map.

5.3 Contact Survey

5.3.1 Position the detector within one-quarter inch (0.6 centimeter [cm]) of the surface to besurveyed.

5.1.5 Listen for a change in the audible count rate and observe for changes in needle deflection.

5.1.6 Mark any areas of elevated activity, as necessary.

5.1.7 Record the results in the appropriate survey documentation (e.g., survey maps, FormHPMIM-3-1-1).

5.4 Scan Survey

5.4.1 Position instrument within 10 cm of the surface to be scanned.

5.4.2 Slowly move the instrument across the surface to be scanned at a rate of lateral motion not toexceed 0.5 meter per second.

5.4.3 Listen for a change in audible response and watch for needle deflection on the analog readout.

5.4.4 Mark any areas of elevated activity, as necessary.

5.4.5 Record the results on Form HPM/M-3-1-1 or survey map.

Page 3 of 4


Health Physics ManualProcedure: Penn E&RPIIPM/M 3-4

Title: Exposure Rate Surveys

6.0 REFERENCES

6.1 NUREG-1575, Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM),NUREGICR-1575, August 2000, Rev. 1.

7.0 ATTACHMENTSNA

Page 4 of 4


Removable Alpha and Beta / Gamma ContaminationSurveys


REVISION: 00


APPROVED BY: J.W. rinzant, Project Manager

DATE: a '/


Removable Alpha and Beta/Gamma ContaminationSurveys

REVISION: 0


7

Gags_ -7//6



Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Pcnn E&R/IIPM1/fI-3-5359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086724/934/3530 Title: Removable Alpha and Beta/Gamma

Communication Surveys

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to provide written instruction for the collection and counting of removablealpha/beta structural surface contamination samples.

2.0 DEFINITIONS

Swipe: A cloth or paper disc that is wiped on the surface of an area or object being surveyed. Also referred to asa smear.

Chain of Custody (COC): An unbroken trail of accountability that ensures the physical security of samples, data,and records.


3.1 Ensure the area surveyed by the swipe is approximately 100 square centimeters (cm2).

3.2 Additional guidance on performing removable contamination surveys is provided in NUREG-1575.

4.0 EQUIPMENT

4.1 Swipes

4.2 Gloves (latex, nitrile, canvas, etc.)

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 Label the swipe to ensure the result is associated with the proper area. Some swipes come with anadhesive-type back and are adhered to a cover paper with an area for labeling. These swipes arepreferred.

5.2 Hold the swipe so that the collection area will contact the surface being surveyed.

5.3 Wipe the area to be surveyed over a 100 cm2 area (about a 4-inch-by-4-inch area) in a back-and-forthmotion. An alternate method is to wipe the surface using an "S" motion that is 9 inches from top tobottom and from side to side.

5.4 Close.! e_-of the swipe or place in an envelope or bag. Several swipes may be placed in oneenvelope or bag, depending on the potential for cross contamination.

5.5 Label the bag as appropriate.

5.6 Count on an appropriate counter (e.g., Ludlum Model 2929, et al.) utilizing appropriate procedures; or

5.7 Complete a COC and submit to the selected laboratory for analysis.

5.8 Log the swipe including the date, time taken, and results of the counting (if available) on Form HPM/M-3-5-1.

5.9 If counted per Step 5.6, convert the counts per minute result to disintegrations per minute (dpm)/100 cm2

Page 2 of 3


Health Physics ManualProcedure: Penn E&R/IIPM/NI-3-5

Title: Removable Alpha and Beta/GammaCommunication Surveys

using the following equation and record on Form HPM/M-3-2-2:

dpm/lOOcm2 = (cjtg)-(c/aE

Where:

c, = counts recorded for sampleCb= counts recorded for backgroundE = the detection efficiency of the instrument in counts per disintegrationt, = the time period (in minutes) over which the count was recorded for the sampletb = the time period (in minutes) over which the count was recorded for the background

sample

5.10 Calculate the 95% confidence level uncertainty (2 sigma uncertainty) in units of dpn/lOOcm2 using the

following equation and record on HPM/M-3-2-2 or other appropriate documentation:

95% CL Unc. = 1.96 V(samplecounts I(sampletime2 )) + (bkgcounts l(bkgtinze2 ))(E,)

6.0 REFERENCES

6.1 Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM), NUREG/CR-1575, August2000, Rev. 1.

7.0 ATTACHMENTS

7.1 Forms

Form HPM/M-3-5-1 Sample Log for Ludlum Model 2929 with a 43-10-1 Detector

Form HPM/M-3-2-2 Survey Data Conversion Form

Page 3 of 3

F-- [ [--- r- - ( ----- (- - F 1 ---- I { I-- -- F- -- - -


Form HPM/IM-3-5-1Sample Log for Ludlum Model 2929 with a 43-10-1 Detector

Instrument Model: 2929Instrument SIN:Detector Model: 43-10-1

Detector SIN:

Source SIN: N/A N/ASource Amount N/A N/A

Radiation Detected: Alpha BetaAcceptable Range:

Calibration Due: (Refa lo Pen E&PR/HPMItM-2- 1.1

Background iackground Gross a (ross pa Net NeF f ICounA Bote Count Rate Sample Sample Sample Sample Cna C i

Apha Beta Count Rate Count Rate e ae ae Count Rate Contamnation ContaminationDate (cpm) (cpm) (cpm) (cpm) (cpm) (cpm) (dpm/1OO cm2) (dpm/100 cm2) Technician Comments

I I I I I I I I I I4 .4.4 A 4 4.4. 4I

I .4 4 4. 4 4 + 1 4 4

4 4 4. 4. 4 4 4. I 4

I I 4- 4i i

. I v I4 .4 4 4 4 4 + I 4 4

4 4 4- 4- 4 4 4. 1 1 -t

I I I- 4 Ii

I 4 i I i i; I;

Prepared By: Date:

1�Reviewed By: Date:

forms.xls


Form HPM/M-3-2-2Survey Data Conversion Form

Date of Survey: Tvpe of Radiation:



E, (Surface Efficiency): E; (Insturment Efficiency):

BKG Counts: BKG Count Time (min):

Active Area of Detector Probe (crn?: MDfl (dnm/IOOcm 2):

Grid Coordinates 95% CLSurvey Point Survey Point Gross Counts Gross Count Rate Net Count Rate Contamination Uncertainty

East (E) North (N) Number Count Time (mi (cts) (cpm) (cpm) (dpn/10Ocm2 ) (dprn/100cm 2)

__I __I __ I=_ I_ I._ _ I_ 1-

1 4 4. L 4- J 4 .4

1 4 4- 1 4 4-4 4-

4 4 4- & .4 4 4 +

4 4 + 1 4- 4- 4 4

I .4 4 4 .4 I -4

4 1 .4 4 4 .4 1 4

I_ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ I * I I_ _ I _ _ _ _ _ I _ _

Comments:

Prepared By: Date:

Reviewed By: Date:

forn3-2-2.xls


Gross Gamma Surveys of Soil CoresFormer Kaiser Aluminum Specialty Products Facility

Tulsa, Oklahoma

REVISION: 00


APPROVED BY: J.WP Manager

DATE:

PROCEDURE: Penn E&R/IHPMM-3-6

Gross Gamma Surveys of Soil Cores

REVISION: 0


e3~/w/ 'l

Prepa by: Date:Andrew J. LombardoCivil & Environmental Consultants, Inc.

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&RIIIPAM/M-3.6359 North Gate Drive Suite 400WVarrendale, PA 15086 Title: Gross Gamma Surveys of Soil Cores724/934/3530

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to provide instruction for performing gross gamma surveys of soil boringcores (soil cores) and the subsequent sampling of the core.

2.0 DEFINITIONS

Soil Core: A soil sample obtaining by boring down vertically through soil, usually in 4-foot increments.The resulting sample is a cylinder in shape with a constant diameter.


3.1 Instrument must pass preoperational checks as outlined in Procedure Penn E&R/IIPMAIM-2-1and the appropriate instrument procedure. Ensure the preoperational and source checkshave been completed prior to initiating survey.

3.2 Background count rates may vary. Background should be at least daily for each area andcounting geometry to be used.

3.3 Before initiating a gross gamma soil survey be sure to record the instrument serial number(s),calibration date(s), date of survey, time of survey, and any other pertinent information.

3.4 The sodium iodide (Nal) detector may be shielded with at least 1/16 inch of lead.

3.5 The detector and the scaler should be configured so that the Health Physics Technician canmove the core past the detector while observing the count rate and hear the audible response.

3.6 Ensure that the Nal detector is in the standard counting configuration for the type of surveyto be performed, (e.g., inside of the shield, at a low background location).

3.7 Ensure that samples are properly labeled by location and depth of collection.

4.0 EQUIPMENT

4.1 2-inch-by-2-inch Nal scintillator detector, Ludlum Model 44-10, or equivalent

4.2 Ludlum Model 2221 Scaler, or equivalent

4.2 Sturdy Mixing Bucket, or equivalent and trowel

5.0 PROCEDURERecord the results of measurements on Form IPM/M-3-6-1. Sections of the form that are not applicable tothe survey should be marked "N/A." At a minimum, each soil core sample selected for survey should bescanned to identify the most elevated 1-foot section.

Page 2 of 3

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&RIIIPMIM-3-6359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Gross Gamma Surveys of Soil Cores724/934/3530

5.1 Determine Background

5.1.1 Ensure that the Nal detector is in the standard counting configuration, (e.g., inside of theshield, at the location that scans or fixed counts are to be performed).

5.1.2 Perform five consecutive 1-minute fixed counts with the detector in the desired standardscanning configuration (Ambient Background Geometry). A phantom core segment ofbackground soil may be used to establish background.

5.1.3 Calculate the average background count rate.

5.2 Perform Soil Core Scan

5.2.1 Record the soil core serial number, (e.g. location and depth interval).

5.2.2 With the instrument in the rate mode, move the detector (or the soil core) at a rate of nogreater than 1 inch per second, keeping the detector as close as possible to the soil core.Ensure that the scan rate is slow enough to detect changes in the audible response of theinstrument.

5.2.3 Record the maximum count rate observed for each 1-foot segment of the soil core. Coresegments are 0 to 1 foot, I to 2 feet, 2 to 3 feet, etc.

5.3 Label the sample container with sample location and depth interval.

5.4 Calculate the net counts per minute for each measurement by subtracting the appropriate averagebackground, i.e., ambient background for scan measurements and the sample containerbackground for fixed counts.

5.5 Sample and/or archive the core sample in accordance with the survey plan.

6.0 REFERENCES

6.1 Penn E&R/HPM/M-2-1, Basic Instrument Operation

7.0 ATTACHMENTS

7.1 Forms

Form HPMIM-3-6-1 Soil Core Gross Gamma Survey

Page 3 of 3

Penn ER359 North Gate Drive'Warrendale, PA 15086724/934t3530

Form IIPM-3-6-1Soil Core Gross Gamma Survey

Effective Date: March 2004Revision: 0

Date: Time: Instrument/SN:

Background Counts

Ambient Core Phantom Sample ContainerGeometr (cpm) Geometr) (cpm) Geometr, (cpm)

Air-I Core-1 Container-I

Air-2 Core-2 Container-2




Average: Average: Average:

Core Counts

Core Number / Gross Count Rate Net Count Rate Core Number / Gross Count Rate Net Count RateSegment (cPm) (cPM) Segment (cPm)(cPm)

. I

4 + 4- 4- 4

4 + 4- 4- 1

1- 4- 4- 4

I . -

4 + 4- 4- 4-

-t 4- 1- 1- 4-

4 4 4- 4- 4-

4 4 4- 4- 4-

4 4 4- 4- 4-

4- 4- *I- 4 4-

4 4- 4 4- I

4- 4 + 4 4-

Comments:

Prepared By: Date:

Reviewed By: Date:

forrn3-1-Axes

Page -

Chapter 4

Sampling


Surface Soil SamplingFormer Kaiser Aluminum Specialty Products Facility

Tulsa, Oklahoma

REVISION: 00


APPROVED BY: J . Vinzant, Project Manager

DATE: : 5 /


Surface Soil Sampling

REVISION: 0



Approved by: Date:Vice Presiden vdooial Services

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/IIPMI1M4-I359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Surface Soil Sampling724/934/3530

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to provide instruction for the collection of surface soil samples.

2.0 DEFINITIONS

Chain of Custody: An unbroken trail of accountability that ensures the physical security of samples, data,and records.

3.0 PREREQUISITES PRECAUTIONS/LIMITATIONS

3.1 Surface soil contamination criteria specify the average concentration in the upper15 centimeters (cm) (6 inches) of soil. For this reason, care must be used to ensure thatsurface soil samples are collected only from the upper 15 cm of soil.

3.2 Check the applicable health and safety guidance for the site to be sampled. Ensure the properprotocol and other precautions delineated in the appropriate documents (e.g., Site Health andSafety Plan, Safety Work Permit, etc.) are followed.

3.3 Additional guidance on performing soil sampling surveys is provided in NUREG-1575.

4.0 EQUIPMENT

4.1 Garden trowel, spoon, or shovel

4.2 Plastic bags and twist ties or "ziplock"-type bags, or equivalent sample containers

4.3 Masking tape

4.4 Indelible marking pens

4.5 Sampling equipment cleaning supplies

4.6 Logbook or data sheets

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 Preparation

5.1.1 Remove rocks, vegetation, and other obstructions in the area selected for surface soilsampling.

5.1.2 Loosen the soil at the selected sampling locations to a depth of 15 cm (6 inches) using atrowel or other digging implement.

5.1.3 Prepare an appropriate sample container for sample collection. The laboratory that willreceive the sample may specify a preferred sample container.

5.1.4 Label the container with indelible marker in accordance applicable guidance for the site.

Page 2 of 3

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/IIPM/I1-4-1359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Surface Soil Sampling724/934/3530

5.2 Collection

5.2.1 A surface soil sample will be taken at each sample point, for a given location at a depth of15 cm (6 inches).

5.2.2 Collect an appropriate aliquot (e.g., approximately 1 kilogram) of soil and place it into theprepared container. Be sure that the soil is thoroughly mixed.

5.2.3 Record the sample identification, location, and any other pertinent information and completea chain of custody in accordance to the laboratory instructions.

5.2.4 Clean the sampling tools, as necessary, prior to proceeding to the next sample collectionpoint.

6.0 RE E RENCESNA

7.0 ATTACHMENTNA

Page 3 of 3


Subsurface Soil SamplingFormer Kaiser Aluminum Specialty Products Facility

Tulsa, Oklahoma

REVISION: 00


APPROVED BY: J.W. -inzant, Project Manager

DATE:57-3's- 12/)


Subsurface Soil Sampling

REVISION: 0


Prepared by: Date: proved by:Andrew J. Lombardo Vice President - Radiol,Civil & Environmental Consultants, Inc.

Date:ogical Services

Health Physics ManualEarth Sciences Consultants, Inc. Procedure: ESCIIIPM/NI-4-4One Triangle LaneExport, PA 15632 Title: Subsurface Soil Sampling(724) 733-3000

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to provide instruction for the collection of subsurface soil samples alsoreferred to as core samples.

2.0 DEFINITIONSNA

3.0 PREREQUISITES/PRECAUTIONSJLIMITATIONS

3.1 Surface samples refer to soil samples not exceeding depths of 15 centimeters from the surface.Subsurface (core) samples refer to samples that exceed 15 centimeters from the soil surface.

4.0 EQUIPMENT

4.1 Tools, equipment, and material required include:

* Core boring equipment* Core bore sampling apparatus* Sample containers* Indelible marking pen* Trowel or spatula* Log book or record sheets* Sampling equipment cleaning supplies

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 Subsurface Sampling

5.1.1 Drive hollow-core tube (typically 2 to 4 feet in length) into ground at desired location usingappropriate boring equipment.

5.1.2 Remove collected core sample.

5.1.4. Label the core sample with project number, sample identification, time and date ofcollection, and location and depth interval.

5.1.5. Log physical properties of soil core sample in field book or Form HPM/M-4-4-1. Collectadditional core samples at desired sample location as needed.

5.1.7 Clean core boring and sampling equipment between each sample collection in accordancewith project technical guidance document.

6.0 REFERENCESNA

Page 2 of 3

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086724/934/3530

7.0 ATTACHMENTS

7.1 Forms

Form HPM/M-4-4-1 Sample Log for Core Samples

Procedure: Penn E&RIIIPMIM-4-4

Title: Subsurface Soil Sampling

Page 3 of 3

f---- [-,-, I,- - . - - F- - F - [[^ r r -, - - Fr - v- --- I--" I- - f--

Penn ER359 North Gate DriveWarrendale, Pa 15086724/934/3530

Form HPMI/M-44-1Sample Log for Core Samples

Client: I Project Number. I _ _ _ _

Location: _ | Boring Number.Date Started: | Field Scientist:

Date Completed: Ch ByDteDriller: Page _ of_

Sample lTow Sample OVA Yield ScanDepth Number and Blows RQD Recovery Reading of Core

(Feet) Type (6") ) ( (%) j (ppm) (cpm) Profile Profile Description(0. 1)

(1-2)

(2.3)

(3-4)

(4.5)

(5.6)

(6-7)

(7-8)

(8-9)

(9.10)

(10-11)

(11-12)

(12-13)

(13-14)

_

Comments:

Prepared By: Date:

Reviewed By: Date:

forms.xls

Chapter 5

Quality Assurance


Check Source AccountabilityFormer Kaiser Aluminum Specialty Products Facility

Tulsa, Oklahoma

REVISION: 00


APPROVED BY: J. Vinzant, Project Manager

DATE: I- 31 /-0


Check Source Accountability

REVISION: 0


44/ _ 3/5//d



Penn E&R Procedure: Penn E&RIIIPM/NI-5-2359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Check Source Accountability724/934/3530

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to ensure that the check sources that are used for daily instrument checksare kept under positive control.

2.0 DEFINITIONS

Positive control: The ensurement that access to sources is restricted.

Check source: Sources of radiation that are used to periodically assure the operation of calibratedinstruments.

3.0 PREREQUISITES/PRECAUTIONSILIMITATIONS

3.1 This procedure is only to be implemented on sealed sources that do not fall under the exemptquantities limits set by 10 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 39.35.

3.2 Sealed sources that only emit alpha particles require leak testing every 3 months.

3.3 Sealed sources that are neutron, beta, gamma, or a combined alpha emitter require leaktesting every 6 months.

3.4 It is recommended that the surveying individuals handling the sealed source wear surgeons'gloves or forceps. The natural oils that are released by the human body can, over time,degrade the finish of the electroplated isotopes. Also, a build up of oil may cause inaccuracywhen using the sealed sources as check sources.

4.0 EQUIPMENT

* Cotton swabs* DI water* Sample containers* Appropriate instrumentation (i.e., gas proportional)* Surgical gloves* Forceps

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 Accountability

5.1.1 All check sources that are to be used for instrument calibration shall be kept underpositive control by the on-site employee(s). Positive control on location includessecuring sources when not in use, documentation when they are used for calibrationchecks, and supervision of the check source when it is being used.

Page 2 of 3

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&R/lIPMII-5-2359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Check Source Accountability724/934/3530

5.2 Leak Testing

5.2.1 Establish Background

5.2.1.1 Background will be established by following the guidance provided by themanufacturer. Be sure to use a dampened cotton swab for determiningbackground. This will ensure that the counting of the surveys contains the samegeometry as the background counting.

5.2.1 Surveying Sealed Sources

5.2.1.1 Record all information that accompanies each particular sealed source (i.e.,serial number, isotope, origin date, responsible person, decay method, date,time, and survey interval).

5.2.1.2 Dampen a cotton swab and survey the source. The survey is done by swabbingall edges, seams, and openings where it may be possible for the sealed source to"leak" or breakdown.

5.2.1.3 Only one swab is usually required per source. However, this may vary due tothe physical dimensions of some particular sources.

5.2.1.4 After swabbing is complete, each swab is placed in a labeled sample containeruntil it is counted on the appropriate instrument to ensure that the source hasretained its physical integrity.

5.2.1.5 Record all information obtained from counting the swabs.

5.2.1.6 If elevated readings are obtained from performing a survey on a sealed sourcethe survey may be performed again. If the test reveals the presence of 0.005mirocuries or more of removable radioactive material, the licensee shall removethe sealed source from service immediately and have it decontaminated,repaired, or disposed of in accordance with Nuclear Regulatory Commissionguidelines for the disposal of that particular isotope.

6.0 REFERENCES

6.1 10 CFR 39.35, "Leak Testing of Sealed Screens"

7.0 ATTACIMENTSNA

Page 3 of 3

Chapter 6

Chain of Custody


Chain - of- Custody ProceduresFormer Kaiser Aluminum Specialty Products Facility

Tulsa, Oklahoma

REVISION: 00


APPROVED BY: Project Manager

DATE:


Chain-of-Custody Procedures

REVISION: 0

EFFEECTIVE DATE: MARCH 2004

rZ7

Prepared Date:Andrew J. LombardoCivil & Environmental Consultants, Inc.

Vice President - Radiological Services

Health Physics ManualPenn E&R Procedure: Penn E&RIIIPMAI-6-1359 North Gate Drive Suite 400Warrendale, PA 15086 Title: Chain-of-Custody Procedures724/934/3530

1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this procedure is to provide instruction for filling out the necessary chain-of-custody formsfor samples.

2.0 DEFINITIONS

Chain of Custody: An unbroken trail of accountability that ensures the physical security of samples, data,and records.


3.1 A chain of custody must be filled out before relinquishing control of the sample.

3.2 Exert positive control of radioactive or potentially radioactive samples. Do not leave samplesunattended at any time.

4.0 EQUIPMENT

4.1 Chain-of-Custody Forms

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 Laboratory Chain of Custody

* Project name.* Project number.* Sampler - Name of person taking the sample (printed and signed).* Relinquished by - Name of person giving up custody (printed and signed).* Date and time - Enter date and time that the sample was turned over to a new custodian.* Received by - Name of person taking custody (printed and signed).* Date and time - Enter date and time that the sample was received from the old custodian.* Enter the client sample identification number.* Date and time - Enter date and time that the sample was taken.* Enter the matrix type.* Enter the number of containers.* Enter container size and type - either plastic or glass.* List what preservatives (if any) were used. If none, then list "NA".* List any remarks that are pertinent to the samples.* Enter the address of the party receiving the results.* Enter the address of the party responsible for the billing.* Enter requested turnaround time.* Verify information on the sample container is the same as on the chain-of-custody form.

6.0 REFEIRRENCESNA

Page 2 of 3


7.0 ATTACHMENTSNA

Health Physics ManualProcedure: Penn E&R/IIPMI/N.6-1

Title: Chain-of-Custody Procedures

Page 3 of 3

Documents

Health Physics Manual.the appropriate Health Physics Manual procedure. 3.2 The forms used to record data are generic, i.e., designed for recording data from various instruments. Record