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Health Sciences 1101
Medical Terminology
Module 7The Urinary System
Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System
Principle Functions:
Remove waste products from the blood and excrete them in the urine
Regulate the body’s tissue fluid
Maintain a balance of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium)
Maintain an acid-base balance in the blood
Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System
Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System
Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System
Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System
Excellent UA Video
General Urinary System Terms
Nephr/o or Ren/o: Pertaining to the kidney
Ur/o or urin/o: Pertaining to urine or the urinary tract
Urology: Study of the urinary system
Urologist: Expert in the study of the urinary system as well as some reproductive issues
Nephrology: Study of the kidneys
Nephrologist: Expert in the study of the kidneys and kidney disease.
Urinary System Anatomy Terms
Cyst/o or vesic/o: Bladder
Glomerul/o: Glomerulus
Pyel/o: Renal Pelvis
Ureter/o: Ureter
Urethr/o: Urethra
Aden/o: gland
Other Important Urinary System Terms
Meat/o: opening or tunnel through a body part
-uria: In the urine or pertaining to the urine
-ptsosis: prolapse, or downward placement of
-pexy: To fix in place, fixation
Lith or calculus: stone
Diurese: Increase the rate of urination
Supra: Above
Other Important Urinary System Terms
Olig/o: Decreased or diminished
Poly: Increased or multiple
Micturition: Urination, or voiding urine
Malignant: cancerous
Benign: Non-cancerous
Inflammation: pathologic response that includes, pain, heat, swelling and redness.
Retro-: to go back, backward
Urinary System Pathology
Infections and inflammation of the various parts of the urinary tract. (remember the terms –itis, -cele, -pathy, -oma, algia, etc.)
Upper urinary tract: Kidneys and ureters
Lower urinary tract: Bladder and urethra
Incontinence: Uncontrolled loss of urine from the bladder
Enuresis: Sometimes called bedwetting. Inability to control urination after the age where such control is usually gained.
Nocturia: Excessive voiding or urine at night
Urinary System Pathology
Hypospadias: An abnormal opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis. Typically congenital.
Azoturia: An abnormal increase in nitrogenous compounds in the urine.
Uremia: Elevated level of urea or other protein waste products in the blood.
Wilms tumor: Rapidly developing tumor most often seen in children.
Urinary System Pathology
Interstitial nephritis: inflammation and/or damage to the tubules due to a toxic agent or lack of blood flow
Glomerulonephritis: Disruption of normal glomerular filtration. Often a hypersensitive reaction.
Renal failure: The kidneys can no longer adequately filter the blood.
Acute renal failure: Can result from lack of blood flow to the kidneys
Renal hypertension: High blood pressure that results from kidney disease
Diagnosis and Treatment Urinalysis (UA): Physical, chemical and
microscopic examination of urine.
Blood Urea Nitrogen: Laboratory test that measures the amount of urea excreted by the kidneys into the blood
Kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB): Radiographic technique used to determine the location, size, shape and any malformation of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
Intravenous pyelogram: Radiographic procedure in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serialx-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract.
Diagnosis and Treatment Renal scan: Technique that determines
renal function and shape through measurement of a radioactive substance that is injected intravenously and concentrates in the kidney.
Voiding cystourography: Radiography of the bladder and urethra during the process of voiding urine after the introduction of a contrast medium.
Retrograde pyelography: Radiographic procedure in which a contrast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directlyinto the bladder and ureters, using small-caliber catheters.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Catheterization: Insertion of a hollow flexible tube into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid.
Dialysis: The patient’s blood is cleansed by circulation through a dialysis machine which acts as an artificial kidney
Renal transplant: Surgical transfer of a complete kidney from a donor to a recipient.