Healthy Housing Brazil 2013 Nov 3

8/12/2019 Healthy Housing Brazil 2013 Nov 3

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Ambiente Interno e Saude Humana

Indoor Environment and Human Health

Lina Mu, MD PhD

Associate ProfessorDepartment of Social & Preventive Medicine

School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at Buffalo SUNY

Escola de Saude Publica e Profissoes de SaudeUniversity Estadual de NY em Buffalo


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Hou sing and Heal th Challeng eO Desafio de Moradia e de Saude

Duas tendncias recentes em Cincias da Sade PblicaTwo Recent Trends in Public Health Sciences

Indoor exposures as a public health riskExposio interio r

Rediscovery of setting approaches to target health action


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Indoor exposures as a public health riskExposio interio r

Traditional issues (Problemas Tradicionais) CrowdingHygiene and SanitationIndoor air pollution (Poluicao do ar interno)

.. Climate change (mudana climtica) : Others : noise


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Rediscovery of setting approaches to target health action

Indoor setting (ajuste interno)Safety : home injury

For children:For elderly:

Smart home: automated lighting and medicationreminder

Encourage exercise


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Health B urden o f Indo or A ir Po l lu t ionCarga de Saude devido a poluicao interna

Nearly 50% of pn eumo nia deaths (mortes devido a pneumo nia)among children under five are due to particulate matter inhaled fromindoor air pollution.

More than 1 mil l ion peop le a year die from chronic obstructiverespiratory disease ( COPD ) that develop due to exposure to indoor airpollution.

Nearly 2 mil l ion peop le die prematurely f rom i l lness attributable toindoor air pollution from household solid fuel use.

Carga de Doenca devido apoluicao interna do aire em

paises por nivel dedesenvolvimento


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Ind oo r Air Pol lu tan tsPoluidores Internos de aire

Inorganic Pollutants (Poluidores nao organicos)

CO 2, CO, SO 2, NO 2, O 3, HCI, NHO 2, HNO 3, Radon , Asbestos

Source: Inside and outsideBurning fuels for cooking and heating (Queima de

material para cozinhar e aquecimento): Uruguay

Outdoor penetrationBuilding materials


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0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Elec/Gas Coal/Wood Elec/Gas Coal/Wood

None-smoker Smoker

OR

Male Female

0.1

1

10

100

Elec/Gas Coal/Wood Elec/Gas Coal/Wood

OR

Solid Cooking Fuel and Risk of L ung Cancer?


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Cited from R. Samuel McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment which is housed within the Institute of PopulationHealth at the University of Ottawa. It was designed by J. M. Zielinski & H. Jiang.


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M odern I ndoor Air Pollu tionPoluicao M oderna de Aire I nterno

Nature gas

Materials in construction

Furniture

Consumer products

Showing

Mold

Pesticides

ETS

Others: Frying food
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=nLRO8mBeINyTxM&tbnid=bMNXMayMYYL3_M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.blueshieldtechnologies.com/iaq.php&ei=ioSGUqf9JtOo4APh3YD4Aw&bvm=bv.56643336,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNGmddX2il93VF0A-mrulyddLtiYfA&ust=1384633787490294


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Ind oo r Air Pol lu tan ts Poluidores Internos de aire

Inorganic Pollutants

Organic pollutantsParticulate Matters

VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds)FormaldehydeBenzene

Biological pollutants

Others


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IrritationAcute PoisoningDermal allergies

Allergic Asthma

Formaldehyde

NeurotoxicityCellular ChangePulmonary Function damageHematotoxicityReproductive toxicityGenotoxicityCarcinogenesis


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among pregnant women

Muhammad Masood Kadir, Exposure of pregnant women to indoor air pollution: a study from ninelow and middle income countries, Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica. 2010; 89: 540 548


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Challenges from Climate Change Desafios devido a Mudanca de Clima

Indoor air quality ( Qualidade do aire interno )Dampness, moisture, and flooding ( humidez, molhadas,e enchentes)

Infectious agents and pests ( Agentes de infeccao einsetos )Thermal stress ( Estresse termico )Building ventilation, weatherization, and energy use(Ventilacao no predio, climatizacao, e uso de energia)


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B iolog ical Resp on se to Change inA ir Quali ty in B ei j ing B efore ,

Dur ing and A f ter the Olym pics

The study was supported by National Institute ofEnvironmental Health Sciences (R01ES018846-01A1)


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Before

After

During

Air Pollution I ntervention over the

Course of 2008 Beij ing Olympics


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Figure 1. Hypothesized Pathways PM potentiates cardiopulmonary disease and cancer

PARTICULATE MATTER (PM)

Carcinogen

DNADamage

Metabolites

PAHVOC Metal Ultrafine

Carbon

Semi-

quinoneLPS

Cancer

Oxidative Capacity

ROS/RNSOxidative Stress

DNAOxidation

Lipid Peroxidation

ProteinCarbonyls

Antioxidant& enzymes

DNA/Lipid/Protein Damage

Cardiovascular Disease

Lung Deposition

Pro-inflammationSignaling, Cell injury

MP

Fine/ Ultrafine PM

IL -1, TNF-

IL -6, IL -8, CRPTNF - , -INF, I L-13,

SystemicInflammation

PulmonaryInflammatio

n

PulmonaryOxidative

Stress

Pulmonary Disease

Ultrafine PM

Cardiovascular System

Blood

Vasculatureendothelialdysfunction

IL-10

Impaired lungfunction


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Use of Cellphone-Based Time-Activity Data for Air Pollution

Exposure Estimation

NIEHS R21 (R21ES017826-02)


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Personal

Time-activityData

Land-useRegressionand Kriging

Models

Air Pollution ExposureEstimation

Apolux Study

EpidemiologicStudies


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Outdoor Air Pollution Brazilian studiesPoluicao de Aire Pesquisas Brasileiras

Olmo NR, A review of low-level air pollution and adverse effects on human health:

implications for epidemiological studies and public policy clinics, 2011


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Indoor Environment

Meta-analysis odds ratio estimates for the following risk factors: low birth weight(top) and indoor air pollution (bottom). D+L indicates meta-estimates from randomeffects model; I-V from fixed effects model


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Shower/Swim: Water Disinfection-By-ProductBanho/Nadar: Sub-produto da desinfeccao de Agua

Disinfection-by-products (DBPs):Chlorine + organic matter

Example: Trihalomethanes (THMs):

Heather effects: Carcinogenic

US estimate: 4200 bladder and 6500 rectal cancer

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Healthy Housing Brazil 2013 Nov 3