Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf B. Kämpfer Indian Summer School 2011

B. Kämpfer | Institut für Strahlenphysik | Hadronenphysik | www.hzdr.de

Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

B. Kämpfer

Indian Summer School 2011

Extreme Matter in the Universe(part 3)


LHC at CERN: searching Higgs, SUSY, the unknown

P. Higgs 1964

SM: masses of quarks & part of leptons (e.g., e-)


Mystery of Mass


LHC at CERN: investigating the quark-gluon plasma


Rel. Heavy-Ion Colls.: RHIC & LHC

RHIC LHC

hydro applies:

Fra

nkf

urt

HIC

g

rou

p


Thermal Model at Work

Andronic et al. 1106.6321

chemical freeze-out

densities ratios

adjust to data


Chemical Freeze-Out SystematicsPBM, Stachel, 1101.3167


Particles vs. Antiparticles

Andronic et al. 1106.6321

post- and pre-dictions


Blast Wave Fitskinetic freeze-out

chem. f.o.

ALICE 1108.3257

BK 1996

fit ofpT spectraby T and v


Fluid Dynamics for urHICs

present day standard tool:

3. kinetics (transport model)2. hydrodynamics1. kinetics (transport model)

first

con

tact

pree

quili

briu

m

hydr

o: s

QG

P

h

adro

niza

tion

hydr

o: h

adro

n ga

s

chem

ical

f.o

.

hydr

o: h

adro

n ga

s

kine

tic f

.o.

wea

k de

cays

t

x

midrapidity

t

free streamfree stream fluid?


Milne Coordinates

Bjorken flow:

Gubser flow:

Bjorken symmetry:


Bjorken Flow

Milne cordinates

Bjorken symmetry

EoS in conformal limit: e = 3p

entropy in comoving volume = conserved

for every EoSw/o dissipation

mystery:


Longitudinal Pressure Gradient

initial conds: Bjorken flow

Kajantie, Eskola, Russkanen, EPJC 1998

Bozek, PRC 2009

init. non-Bjorken flow:different evolution it is hard to modifyBjorken‘s flow once itis there origin of Bjorken flow?

v = th y


Soft and Hard Probes

AL

ICE

, P

LB

20

11

jets


Hard Probes: Medium Modifications

RHIC: disappearenceof away-side jet

energy loss


Transverse Flow

central semi-central peripheral no

configuration space momentum space

soft probes

p


STAR at RHIC

hydro Cooper-Frye momentum distrib. v2(p_perp)

Bluhm et al., PRC 2007


B. Schenke


U.H

ein

z, C

rete

20

11


U.H

ein

z, C

rete

20

11


Viscous Fluid Dynamicswater is good fluid, honey not, oil partially


shear viscosity

bulk viscosity

rel. Navier-Stokes eqs.






Viscosities from Calculations

Bluhm, BK, Redlich, PRC 2011


A Unified Description: AdS/CFT

Chesler, Yaffe, PRL 2011

2‘3

1‘

time

AdS/CFT: 1. solve 5d Einstein vacuum eqs. (with symmetries) with negative cosmological constant 2. obtain 4d energy-momentum tensor from holographic renormalization (boundary theory)

1

2


LHCRHICSPSSIS18Bevalac

SIS100/300

AGS

What remains for CBM at FAIR?

T = mu

energyfrontier

intensity frontier: rare probes (charm, photons, dileptons)


GSI FAIR

1.2 BEUR


FAIR


PB

M,

Sta

che

l, 1

10

1.3

16

7


physics casetechnical designsimulations & feasibility


Key Issues for CBM- in-depth study of onset of deconfinement- EoS & transport coefficients- medium modifications hadrons

„never studied“ at SIS100/300 energies:- charm: hidden & open, charm baryons (created early probe dense stage)- dileptons & photons: penetrating probes (monitoring the dense stage, looking into fireball)- fluctuations: higher moments sensitive to proxy of CEP- correlations: size (temporal & spatial) measurements


Strongly Coupled Systems

weak coupling strong coupling

transport peak quasi-particles

AdS/CFT


Summary- Cosmic Confinement/Hadronization: no imprints nucleons as remainder due small excess (= accident?)- Nucleosynthesis: sensitive test of cosmic dynamics abundancies of light elements is specific imprint- Neutron Stars: quark cores seem possible (but hard to verify; need fine tuning of cold EoS)- RHIC & LHC: sQGP seems w/o doubts, EoS from lattice QCD, sQGP = most perfect fluid: viscosities are small, energy scan at RHIC gives orientation (no rare probes)- HADES&CBM at SIS100/300: exploration of phase diagram, rare & penetrating probes, closer link to hadron physics


PRL 2007

Probing the Fireball‘s Interior

thermal radiation: Gallmeister et al. PLB 2000 Rapp-Shuryak PLB 2000


DLS Puzzle Solved by Bremsstrahlung?

Barz et al. 0910.1541 Bratkovskaya, Cassing NPA 2008

M [GeV]

Aichelin et al. 2008: w/ bremsstrahlungSantini et al. 2008: w/o bremsstrahlungSchmidt et al. 2009: w/o bremsstrahlung

C(1 AGeV) + C

1997: bremsstrahlung ... contribution was found to be small2007: DLS puzzle... may be solved when incorporating a stronger bremsstr. contribution

DLS: PRL 1997 HADES: PLB 2008

Nikola Tesla 1888


CERES Pb(158 AGeV)+Au

<T> = 170 MeV

cocktailthermal rad.

tDY thermal rad. cocktail

pre-equ. fireball freeze-out


NA60: Di-Muons

LMR IMR

NA60

NA60 0907.3935

NA60 0907.3935

broadeningno shift


PHENIX

real photons

Quarks & Gluons

Hadrons

cocktail confirmed by pp

RHIC

PHENIX 0912.0244

PHENIX 0912.0244

Drees 0909.4976


DielectronsPHENIX data


PhotonsPHENIX data


Fluid Dynamics from GravityBhattacharyya, Hubeny, Rangamani ... JHEP 2008FG coordinates

bulk near z = 0, asymp. AdS metric & black brane

strong coupling regime: universal sector in

long-wavelength solutions, isotropization assume as relevant d.o.f.


epsilon expansion: z expansion equivalent?

iterative solutions of Einstein eqs. constitutive eqs.:

extrinsic curvature on r = const from


The Janik RouteBjorken flow + symmetry, Milne coordinates

e

Janik, Lecture Notes Phys. 2011


Get e(tau) from AdS/CFTFG coordinates:

boundary theory: z = 00

01

z expansion (indices suppressed):

Skenderis et al., 2000

iterative solution for n > 4Einstein eqs.

Definition: Kretschmann

...


Large tau:requirement: K = regular (no singularities in the bulk) values of

Gyulassy, Danilewicz PRD 1985 shear viscosity =

Small tau:

Einstein eqs. constraints for A, B, C allowed init. conds.

anisotropy measure Beuf et al., JHEP 2009

numbers

the only scale


Heller, Janik, Witaszczyk 2011

1st-order hydro stage: q = 0 F/w = 2/3


transient dynamics

Comparison of with FrankfurtEl, Xu, Greiner, PRC 2010Denicol, Koide, Rischke, PRL 2010

shear tensor:

for Bjorken flow & symm.

third-order rel. diss. hydro,extension of Israel-Stewart

looks as gradient expansion

Boltzmannm = 0


start from equilibrium:

start from off-equilibrium:


Documents

Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf B. Kämpfer Indian Summer School 2011