High Energy High Energy PhysicsPhysics

at theat the

University University of Oregonof Oregon

• • Accelerator-based (Atlas)Accelerator-based (Atlas)• • Non-accelerator (LIGO)Non-accelerator (LIGO)• • TheoryTheory

Standard ModelStandard Model

What is the universe What is the universe made of?made of?

How does it interact?How does it interact?

Standard Model veryStandard Model verysuccessful, but incomplete…successful, but incomplete…

Outstanding QuestionsOutstanding Questions What causes mass?What causes mass? What breaks EW symmetry?What breaks EW symmetry? Are there additional Are there additional

symmetries (supersymmetry)?symmetries (supersymmetry)? Are there extra, compactified Are there extra, compactified

space-time dimensions?space-time dimensions? Why matter (not antimatter)?Why matter (not antimatter)? What is dark matter?What is dark matter? And many more…And many more…

Likely to have answers in the next 5 years!Likely to have answers in the next 5 years!

Experimental HEP FacultyExperimental HEP Faculty

Jim BrauJim Brau Ray FreyRay Frey

David StromDavid Strom Eric TorrenceEric Torrence

Experimental StudentsExperimental Students Just Graduated StudentsJust Graduated Students

Jan Strube (BaBar) - RutherfordJan Strube (BaBar) - Rutherford Rahmat (BaBar) - MississippiRahmat (BaBar) - Mississippi Jeff Kolb (BaBar) - Notre Jeff Kolb (BaBar) - Notre

DameDame Nick Blount (BaBar)Nick Blount (BaBar)

Current StudentsCurrent Students Andreas Reinch (Atlas)Andreas Reinch (Atlas) Elizabeth Ptacek (Atlas)Elizabeth Ptacek (Atlas) Mary Robinson (Atlas)Mary Robinson (Atlas) Jake Searcy (Atlas)Jake Searcy (Atlas)

Emelie Harstad (LIGO)Emelie Harstad (LIGO)

Past GraduatesPast Graduates Masahiro Ito (07-LIGO)Masahiro Ito (07-LIGO) Rauha Rahkola (07-LIGO)Rauha Rahkola (07-LIGO) Dave Mason (06-NuTev) now FNALDave Mason (06-NuTev) now FNAL Chris Potter (05-BaBar) now McGillChris Potter (05-BaBar) now McGill Sean Walston (04-SLD) now LLNLSean Walston (04-SLD) now LLNL Matt Langston (03-SLD) now industryMatt Langston (03-SLD) now industry Dae Hwan Kim (01-OPAL) now industryDae Hwan Kim (01-OPAL) now industry

HEP Accelerator LabsHEP Accelerator Labs

BaBarBaBarSLDSLD

NuTevNuTev

OpalOpalAtlasAtlas

Truly global fieldTruly global fieldOregon very well connectedOregon very well connected

Large Hadron ColliderLarge Hadron Collider

14 TeV proton collisions14 TeV proton collisions27 km ring circumference27 km ring circumference1200 SC dipoles @ 8.3 Tesla1200 SC dipoles @ 8.3 Tesla

Directly probe “Terascale”Directly probe “Terascale”Collisions in Fall 2008Collisions in Fall 2008 Fall 2009Fall 2009

Conseil Européen pour la Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN)Recherche Nucléaire (CERN)

(European Laboratory for Particle Physics)(European Laboratory for Particle Physics)

The LHC ExperimentsThe LHC Experiments

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ATLAS at CERN (Completed 2008)ATLAS at CERN (Completed 2008)

The TerascaleThe TerascaleStandard Model

Discovering the Quantum Universe

1 TeV 1012 TeV

The Higgs(es)The Higgs(es)

Data ProcessingData Processing

In one second at the LHC:In one second at the LHC: 600,000,000 proton collisions600,000,000 proton collisions 5 top quark pairs5 top quark pairs

May only get a few Higgs per May only get a few Higgs per minute minute (or less)(or less)

Expect to recordExpect to record3,000,000 GigaBytes per year 3,000,000 GigaBytes per year

Simulated HiggsSimulated HiggsH→Z Z→eH→Z Z→e++ee--μμ++μμ--

Simulated compactblack hole evaporation

Level 1Level 1Hardware-BasedInput at 40 MHz, ~60 PB/sOutput: 100 kHz, 150 GB/s2.5 us/event

Level 2Level 2Software-Based600 dual-core CPUsOutput: 3 kHz, < 5 GB/s10 ms/event

Finds electrons, muons,taus, jets, missing energy

Level 3Level 31600 dual-CPUsOutput: 200 Hz, 300 MB/s1 s/event

Will store > 3,000 TB of data to tape/yearWill store > 3,000 TB of data to tape/year

September 10, 2008Scheduled to restart September 2009

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Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO)

Hanford Observatory

LivingstonObservatory

R Frey Oct 20087

GW Science

Goals: Establish GW detection Test GR: weak and strong fields Use GW as an astrophysical tool

GW revolution like radio astronomy?

R. Frey Student Visit

Evidence for Gravitational Waves(indirect)

•

•

T=60 ms

T ~ 8 hr

PSR 1913+16 Binary n-star system

Pulsar period observedover 25 years

– Taylor and Hulse

R. Frey Student Visit

GW Interferometer Principle

Require: ΔL/ L = h ≈ 10-21 or better

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Astrophysical signal types

• Compact binary inspiral: “chirps” NS-NS waveforms are well described BH-BH need better waveforms search technique: matched templates

• Supernovae / GRBs: “bursts” “unmodelled” search triggered search: coincidence with photon or neutrino detections

• Pulsars in our galaxy: “periodic” observe known neutron stars (frequency, doppler shift) all sky search (computing challenge) r-modes

• Cosmological Signals “stochastic background”

Non-detection of GW (so far) but making relevant astrophysical observations

Observation I -- ruling out a GRB in Andromeda (ApJ 2008)

• GRB 070201 – a short-duration gamma-ray burst with position consistent with M31 (Andromeda)

• Such a nearby GRB would have easily been observed by LIGO

• Ruled out at ~99% CL

• Likely sources: a GRB behind or an SGR in M31

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observations (contd)

Observation II – beating the Crab pulsar spin-down limit (ApJ Lett)

• Crab pulsar’s spin rate is gradually slowing down

• The energy loss goes into EM and GW emission

• All into GW?

• No. In fact, LIGO limit implies GW emission accounts for ≤ 4% of total spin-down power

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Cha

ndra

imag

e

Mod

el

observations (contd)

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Observation III – beating the BBN limit for a cosmic GW background from the early universe (soon…)

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The Future: Enhanced and Advanced LIGO

Enhanced LIGO (S6)• readout noise; laser power• 2 better sensitivity• commission AdLIGO readout

with real IFOs• reduce AdLIGO startup time

Advanced LIGO• Major upgrades: optics,

lasers, suspensions, ...• 10 better sensitivity

2006 2007 2008 2009 20112010 2012 2013 2014

S5 Run S6

enhanced LIGO

Advanced LIGO

S7

LIGO

build hardware installation scienceAdvanced LIGO is funded, starting 2008

R Frey Oct 2008 25

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UO people in LIGO

• Faculty and senior scientist Jim Brau Ray Frey David Strom Robert Schofield, Sr. Research Scientist

• half-time on site at Hanford

• Postdocs Isabel Leonor, leads the GRB analysis effort

• Graduate students Emelie Harstad Masahiro Ito, PhD 2006, supernova search Rauha Rahkola, PhD 2006, GRB search

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1 TeV Linear Collider (Future)1 TeV Linear Collider (Future)

ee++ee-- -> HZ -> HZ

Precision machinePrecision machineCompliments LHCCompliments LHCConceptual design startedConceptual design startedDetector R&D underwayDetector R&D underwayLots of UGs involved in R&DLots of UGs involved in R&D

U Oregon groupU Oregon groupis is VERYVERY involved involved

Theoretical HEP FacultyTheoretical HEP Faculty

Nilendra DeshpandeNilendra Deshpande Dave SoperDave Soper

Stephen HsuStephen Hsu

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Graham KribsGraham Kribs

Selected Theory TopicsSelected Theory Topics Kribs - Physics beyond the Standard ModelKribs - Physics beyond the Standard Model

SUSY, Extra dimensions, ...SUSY, Extra dimensions, ... Astro-particle connectionsAstro-particle connections

Hsu - QFT and connectionsHsu - QFT and connections Gravity, black holes, dark energyGravity, black holes, dark energy Extreme QCD Extreme QCD

Soper - QCD, parton shower theorySoper - QCD, parton shower theory2009 winner of APS Sakurai prize2009 winner of APS Sakurai prize

Deshpande - Penguins, flavor physics,Deshpande - Penguins, flavor physics,new physics phenomenologynew physics phenomenology

HEP Grad Student EducationHEP Grad Student Education Quantum MechanicsQuantum Mechanics RelativityRelativity ComputingComputing ProgrammingProgramming Analysis SkillsAnalysis Skills Advanced StatisticsAdvanced Statistics Simulation MethodsSimulation Methods Hardware TechniquesHardware Techniques ElectronicsElectronics Presentation SkillsPresentation Skills Collaboration SkillsCollaboration Skills

Very Broad EducationVery Broad EducationUseful in ‘real world’Useful in ‘real world’Can follow interestsCan follow interests‘‘Apprentice’ system Apprentice’ system

Greatly rewards motivated individualsGreatly rewards motivated individuals

HEP SummaryHEP Summary ATLAS @ Large Hadron ColliderATLAS @ Large Hadron Collider

Beams starting this SummerBeams starting this Summer On the threshold of TerascaleOn the threshold of Terascale

LIGO Gravity wave observatoryLIGO Gravity wave observatory Whole new way to look at universeWhole new way to look at universe Fundamental tests of GRFundamental tests of GR Advanced LIGO work starting 2009Advanced LIGO work starting 2009

International Linear colliderInternational Linear collider HEP TheoryHEP Theory