High School High School Human Genome ProjectHuman Genome Project

White River High School Partnering with the UWWhite River High School Partnering with the UW

What is addiction?What is addiction?

What is a drug?What is a drug?

What is drug abuse?What is drug abuse?

How do drugs of addiction How do drugs of addiction work?work?

We are 99.9% identical at We are 99.9% identical at genetic level…!!genetic level…!!

That means two people differ by That means two people differ by only one out of every thousand bases only one out of every thousand bases (nucleotides..A, T, C, G).(nucleotides..A, T, C, G).

The 0.1% difference may be The 0.1% difference may be responsible for addiction???responsible for addiction???

CYP2A6 Gene* This is the gene we’ll be * This is the gene we’ll be researching…looking for researching…looking for

variationsvariations

CYP2A6CYP2A6 Gene Gene codes for the CYP2A6 codes for the CYP2A6 enzyme, a cytochrome p-450enzyme, a cytochrome p-450

CYP2A6 converts nicotine to cotinine, CYP2A6 converts nicotine to cotinine, which is released in urine.which is released in urine.

It has been found It has been found that those who that those who

produce less of the produce less of the active enzyme are active enzyme are

less likely to smoke less likely to smoke or if they smoke, or if they smoke,

they smoke less. “a they smoke less. “a little nicotine goes a little nicotine goes a

long ways.”long ways.” 

Found On chromosome 19 Found On chromosome 19 

StarNet is doing a sequencing project on 8 individuals on the CYP2A6 gene from the Human Polymorphism Discovery Panel…

it is an ethnically diverse group of 8 people, but their ethnicities will not be revealed.

Viewing a single nucleotide (A, T,C, G)(A, T,C, G) in the human genome is compared to looking for a street address from space.

World = 46 ChromosomesWorld = 46 Chromosomes

Continent = ChromosomeContinent = Chromosome

State = Portion of DNAState = Portion of DNA

Local Address = NucleotideLocal Address = Nucleotide

•The Human Genome IS entirely sequenced

•What will we do with this information?

•What will be some positive outcomes?

•What are some problems that could arise?

•How much do you want to know?

Sequencing DNA

The 2000 Monitoring The 2000 Monitoring

the Future Study showed:the Future Study showed:

Extent of Lifetime Drug Use among Extent of Lifetime Drug Use among 1212thth graders: graders:

Alcohol 81% Alcohol 81%

Cigarettes 65%Cigarettes 65%

Marijuana 65%Marijuana 65%

Inhalants 14%Inhalants 14%

LSD 11%LSD 11%

Cocaine 9%Cocaine 9%

National Institute on Drug Abuse Web Site:National Institute on Drug Abuse Web Site:

www.nida.nih.gov.Infofax/HSYouthtrends.htmlwww.nida.nih.gov.Infofax/HSYouthtrends.html

Drug Abuse?Drug Abuse?

Taking a Drug for any reason other than a medical one…

To get a feeling of euphoria (high)

To enhance athletic ability (steroids)

Addictive?Addictive?

If it causes, “uncontrollable compulsive drug seeking and use, even in the face of negative health and social consequences.”

Results from both psychological and physical dependence on the drug