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Highland Park Forensic Science Curriculum 3rd 6 Weeks

NAME OF UNIT: ESTIMATED # OF DAYS: 30

1-2 Weeks 3-4 Weeks 5-6 Weeks

Components

Unit Name Unit 5 Blood & Blood Spatter Unit 6 DNA Analysis Unit 7 Student Project Research & Presentations

Unit

Overview

The Nature of Blood

Forensic Characteristics of Bloodstains

Stain Patterns of Blood

Principles of Heredity

Blood analysis belongs to the science of SEROLOGY, which is the study of body fluids; blood serum, saliva, semen and other bodily fluids.

Using a biological approach to the law and crime investigation, forensic serologists work on cases involving homicides, rapes, assaults paternity disputes and probabilities of ethnic and racial groups.

Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is the interpretation of blood stains at a crime scene in order to recreate the actions that caused the blood-shed.

Analysts examine the size, shape, distribution and location of the bloodstains to form opinions about what did or did not happen.

What is DNA?

DNA typing

Gel Electrophoresis The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)

The Collection and Preservation of Biological Evidence for DNA analysis

Advances in DNA technology have allowed many criminal cases to be solved in today’s modern age.

DNA is used to establish paternity, identify victims and to investigate crimes.

DNA profiling is extremely useful because every person’s DNA is unique. DNA can be found in every type of cell.

DNA evidence is one of best forms of individual evidence crime scene investigators can collect.

Use Research techniques and information to create crime for another team of forensic scientists in class to solve.

Ability to solve a crime that is developed for them by another team of forensic scientists in their class or another class.

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Generalizations /

Enduring Understandings

1) Blood is a suspension of solid, mostly cellular material in a fluid that consists of water containing many dissolved materials.

2) Blood can be identified and collected and then typed. Other bodily fluids can also be collected from a crime scene, victim or suspect.

3) Besides collecting samples of bodily fluids, trajectory or patterns of blood can be analyzed to determine what happened during the crime and where individuals or other objects where located during the incident and used as a source of evidence.

4) Class evidence such as blood, is used to match individuals to

crime scenes. Class evidence is not unique to individuals but is used with statistical analysis to place individuals at the crime scene.

5) Blood spatter shapes and patterns can be used to interpret and reconstruct what happened at the crime scene and used as evidence.

6) Height affects the size of a blood drop.

7) When blood drops hit a surface at an angle, it leaves a pattern which can be analyzed mathematically to determine the angle at which the blood hit the surface.

8) Blood behaves differently when it hits different surfaces.

9) Blood behaves differently when it hits a surface at different velocities

1) The structure of DNA is unique to each individual and can be used as a means of identification.

2) DNA can be found in every type of cell.

3) There are many different sources of DNA that can be collected at a crime scene.

4) DNA has a complex structure and that the sequence of nitrogen bases determines identity and paternity.

5) There are various techniques used to analyze DNA

6) DNA evidence is compared for matching

7) Advances in DNA technology have allowed many criminal cases to be solved in today’s modern age.

8) DNA is used to establish paternity, identify victims and to investigate crimes.

9) DNA profiling is extremely useful because every person’s DNA is unique.

10) DNA evidence is one of best forms of individual evidence crime scene investigators can collect 11) Different types of DNA (nuclear and mitochondrial) exist and have different uses in forensic science.

1) Evidence is needed to determine the method by which a crime has been committed.

2) Investigators apply specific procedures and techniques to collect trace evidence.

3) All forms of evidence must be properly preserved in order to recreate as complete a picture as possible of what took place before, during, and after the crime.

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Concepts

1) The identity of each of the four

ABO blood groups can be established by testing the blood with anti-A and anti-B sera

2) Dried blood can still be typed. 3) Antibodies mixed with different

antigens will agglutinate. 4) Presumptive tests may also include

false positive and false negative readings.

5) Precipitin tests determine the origin of a blood sample; e.g., human vs. animal blood.

6) Blood's general characteristics can be used as class evidence. 7) The Kastle-Meyer test is used to

determine if a stain is blood 8) Luminol can be used to search out trace amounts of blood

located at a crime scene 9) Blood spatter patterns can be

used to determine direction of travel, angle of impact, position of origin, and velocity.

10) The effect of height and surface angel on blood drops

1) DNA is a biological molecule

made up of a combination of nucleotides that are unique to each individual

2) The unique nature of DNA makes it the definitive form of

personal identification 3) DNA is an individual

characteristic 4) There are a variety of different

sources for DNA 5) There is a difference between nuclear DNA and mitochondrial

DNA and they have different uses in forensic science.

6) PCR is a technique used to make multiple copies of DNA from a small sample.

7) DNA evidence can be collected at a crime scene

8) DNA can be extracted from blood, semen, urine, bone, hair follicles, and saliva.

9) DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify suspects; clear the innocent; identify victims;

establish paternity; match organ donors and recipients. 10) Restriction enzymes are used to recognize and splice DNA at specific points.

11) Gel electrophoresis is a procedure used to separate DNA

fragments according to size. 12) FBI CODIS (combined DNA index system) electronically links federal and state databanks to share DNA profiles

1) Processing the Crime Scene

a. Photograph a crime scene. b. Rough sketch a crime scene. c. Final sketch a crime scene. d. Scale e. Legend

2) Collect Evidence 3) Send to proper unit for analysis

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Guiding/ Essential Questions

1) How are various bodily fluid

identified, collected and analyzed?

2) How is blood used in a crime scene? 3) What are the different typings of

blood? 4) What do the different patterns of

blood stains mean? 5) Does blood evidence have value

in criminal investigation? 6) Does the Quality of blood as class

and individual evidence make it one of the better tools in a forensic scientist’s arsenal?

7) What are the different patterns of bloodstains and spatters and what conclusions can be drawn from these observations?

8) What can blood spatter patterns tell an investigator about a crime?

9) How can these patterns be used to reconstruct a crime?

10) All blood looks the same, how do they know it is my blood not my relative’s blood? 11) How can a Forensic Scientist reconstruct a crime scene when they weren’t there when it happened?

1) What is DNA? 2) What is DNA fingerprinting? 3) What is the basic structure and

function of DNA? 4) Is all DNA the same? 5) What makes every person’s DNA

different? 6) Where in the human body is DNA

found and what are some sources of DNA found at a crime scene?

7) How does DNA fingerprinting and PCR work?

8) How does gel electrophoresis work? 9) Explain how crime-scene evidence

is collected for DNA analysis? 10) Explain how crime scene evidence

is processed to obtain DNA evidence in criminal cases?

11) Where can DNA evidence be located?

12) Why is DNA evidence one of the best pieces of evidence used to solve a crime?

13) How does DNA play a role in forensics today

14) How is DNA evidence related to Locard’s Exchange Principle?

15) What kind of evidence can be taken from a rape victim?

16) How is DNA’s structure related to inheritance?

17) How is DNA collected from a crime scene?

18) How can forensic scientists use trace evidence to explain what

happened at a crime scene? 19) How has technology aided the

solving of crimes? 20) Why is a particular microscope used

in certain procedures in forensic science?

21) What technology can scientists use to look at DNA?

Visit the website at http://www.crime-scene-investigator.net/respon1.html to answer the following questions:

1) What is the purpose of crime scene investigation?

2) Give some examples of documentation made at a crime scene.

3) Explain the personnel duties and responsibilities most crucial to a crime scene investigation.

4) Summarize the organization and procedures for search operations

5) As a CSI, you get a call to go to a crime scene where you will be the team leader. What are the first 5 things you will do as a team leader?

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Learning Targets

Performance Levels Learning Progressions

Formative Assessments

(FOR learning)

Student research, discussion and

presentations on case studies

Cooperative learning and group work activities

Lab activities

Homework/Notebook/Writing Assignments

Class participation

mini Projects

Oral presentations

Quizzes w video Clips

Graphs

Punnett Squares

Crimes of the Century Quiz Link

Daily Checks for understanding

Bell ringers for Observations ACTIVITIES and PRACTICUMS o ACTIVITY: Introduction to Blood

Word Search o ACTIVITY: Introduction to Blood

Crossword puzzle o Activity: Area of Convergence/Point

of Origin o Video Clip: Blood Stain

Analysis/Calculating the area of convergence and the Area of Origin ( 1 min)

o Use of luminol to detect cleaned bloodstains

o Simulated crime scene involving collection and analysis of serology evidence

o Lab: Simulated Blood Take Home Lab

Student research, discussion and presentations on case studies

Cooperative learning and group work activities

Lab activities

Homework/Notebook/Writing

Assignments

Class participation

mini Projects

Oral presentations

Quizzes w /video clips + Case study

Daily Checks for understanding

ACTIVITIES and PRACTICUMS o DNA fingerprinting activity (RFLP) o PCR forensic simulation activity o Deductive reasoning, logic and lateral-thinking development o Where is the CAT? A DNA Profiling

Simulation

o Activity: Use information collected from a crime scene and their knowledge of blood spatter analysis and DNA lab results to develop a

hypothesis to describe events that occurred at a crime scene Romanov Murders Internet Activity Romanov guide.pdf ( teacher & student) webquest to use DNA technology to identify the remains of the Romanov family

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LABS: Lab Activity: Liquid Lifeline Lab: Blood ID and Typing Lab: Lab: WArd's Whodunit Lab + Notes: Intro to Serology (saliva) Lab: Angles & Blood Drops Lab: Area of Convergence Lab : Determination of Blood Splatter Angles of Impact Virtual Lab: Blood Splatter Evidence Lab: Determining the Origin of Blood Splatters Virtual Forensics Lab: Blood Splatter evidence Lab: Blood Spatter Stringing LAB: Animal blood comparison pg 1-4 LABS: Blood Spatter analysis pg 1-13 REVIEW ppt : Blood + Blood Spatter LAB: Mystery of Murder Lab blood Spatter ( Lyle and Louise) pg 1-10 Blood Spatter practice sheets and labs pg 1-30 READINGS & CASESTUDIES 1 CASE STUDY Dr. Sam Sheppard Murder Case Sam Sheppard Evidence analysis 2 Case Study: Ludwing Tessnow 3.Case Study: OJ Simpson 4. Article: "Bad Blood at the Dallas County Crime lab" 5. Case Study: Jack the Ripper 6. Article: Chem Matters ARTICLES: BLOOD feb 2008 7. Article: Chem Matters Teacher Guide teacher's guide (DOC)

LABS: Lab: VIRTUAL DNA LAB Lab: RFLIP/Restrictions Enzymes Lab: Nuclear DNA Extraction

(Animal/Plant)(Spit + Strawberries)

READINGS & CASE STUDIES 1.. Case Study: What is Touch DNA? 2. Article: New DNA Test (Research 1 case solved with DNA evidence) 3. Article: Jon Benet Ramsey 4. Case Study: Jon Benet Ramsey

5. Case Study: OJ simpson OJ Case picture album/ explanation 6. READING: Bone marrow transplant changes DNA! 7. Case Study: Grim Sleeper 8. Case Study: Gary Ridgeway II

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Summative Assessments

(OF learning)

1) Quizzes & Major assessment on concepts and relevant terminology

2) Blood Project (graded w/rubric) 3) Blood Practical 4) Gallery Walk of different types of

stains 5) Case Study Sam Sheppard/and Parent Interview “What’s In a Name”

Chapter/Unit Test • Writing Assignments • Presentations • Laboratory Practical • Unit Projects • Final Exams • Portfolio Assessment

Forensic Science Case Study Project

pg 1-7

CSI SIMULATION

Final Project

TEKS Specifications

TEXAS TEKS Forensic Science

1A, 1B, 2A, 2B,2C 2D,2F,2G,2H, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 4A, 4B, 4C,4E,4F,5A,5B, 5C, 5D,5G,5H,5J, 6A, 6B, 6D, 6H, 7A, 7B,7C,7D,9A,9B,10D,11A,11B,11C,

1A, 1B, 2A, 2B,2C 2D, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D 4A, 4B, 4C,4E,4F,5A,5B, 5C, 5D, 6A, 6B, 6D, 7A, 7B, 7C, 12A,12B,12C,12D,12E

TEXAS TEKS Forensic Science

Processes

and Skills

1) Explain the composition of blood

2) Describe how to determine blood type and screen for the presence of human blood

3) Describe the tests used to characterize a stain as blood or other bodily fluids.

4) Outline the four basic human blood types and identify the significance of the Rh factor in human blood types.

5) Explain the steps involved in the identification of an unknown blood sample through the process of blood sample testing.

6) Perform testing to distinguish blood from other types of stains.

7) Perform an experiment that identifies the four basic blood types.

8) Identify various unknown blood samples.

1) Describe basic structure of the DNA 2) Molecule, the chemical nature and

explain the function of DNA in living things

3) Explain the use of a variety of molecular biological techniques including:

• DNA fingerprinting • PCR • DNA sequencing

4) List the steps of DNA fingerprinting 5) Describe the value of the PCR

technique 6) Perform the processes of gel

electrophoresis, PCR and DNA fingerprinting

7) Analyze DNA fingerprints for similarities

8) Compare DNA fragments on a gel 9) Extract DNA from a plant & animal

cell. 10) Describe the function of restriction

enzymes and calculate the probability of specific DNA sequences.

1) Using all the techniques learned this year, students will undertake a series of mock crime scenario lab activities and attempt to solve the crime.

2) Write a Crime Scene and Analyze it’s components

3) Collect evidence using proper procedures.

4) Analyze evidence with proper tools and techniques to determine the details surrounding the crime.

5) Present information in an organized manner using Crime Scene documents/reports

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9) Conduct a blood spatter

analysis and use to recreate events at a crime scene

10) Create blood spatter patterns that represent the following: • Various heights • Various angles • Various speeds

11) Interpret the significance of various basic types of blood spatter/stain evidence.

12) Determine such properties as height, angle, and origin by examining blood spatter evidence.

13) Calculate the angle of impact for a variety of given samples.

14) Determine relative velocity of blood spatter pattern.

15) Reconstruct the events leading to the creation of the blood spatter pattern

16) Analyze convergence patterns and Analyze blood spatter for height, surface angle, angle of convergence and point of origin

17) Demonstrate proper technique for collection and preservation of blood evidence.

11) Describe the sources of DNA

evidence 12) Describe the collection and

preservation of DNA evidence from a crime scene

13) Explain how DNA technology influenced the area of Forensics.

14) Explain how crime scene evidence is processed to obtain DNA. 15) Explain how DNA is stored and

compared in the CODIS system 16) Demonstrate how to collect

evidence at a crime scene to protect the fragile DNA samples that may exist

17) Explain the differences between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and the processing and uses for each in a criminal investigation.

18) Discriminate between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA profiling and the information provided by each method. 19) Analyze a DNA fingerprint in order to individualize a DNA fingerprint to a person. 20) Create and compare DNA profiles of individuals in a hypothetical crime.

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Topics

Blood

Presumptive blood test

Determining blood types

Nature of Blood

Principles of Heredity

Differentiate human and animal blood,

Common blood stain patterns

Vertical drip patterns

Vertical drips on various surfaces

Forensic characterization of

bloodstains

Use blood spatter evidence to recreate the events at a crime scene

Collection of Rape Evidence/Characterization of semen

DNA Analysis

What is DNA

DNA typing

Gel Electrophoresis

Information available in bodily fluids

The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)

The Collection and Preservation of Biological Evidence for DNA analysis

Final Evaluation

Student mock crime scene

Analysis of mock crime scene

Presentation of evidence and solution

Case study presentation report

Facts

Surprising FACTS about

Forensic Science

16. The best source of the genetic material DNA is the cell nucleus. Red blood cells do not have a nucleus, thus they are not a good source of DNA

17 DNA Testing Saves Lives To date, DNA testing has exonerated more than 242 wrongfully-convicted individuals. 18. DNA Testing Makes Mistakes Unfortunately, the reverse can also happen. DNA testing has never been 100% accurate. There have been more than 50 false incriminations based on faulty testing.

Language

of Instruction

Forensic Terminology

Forensic Terminology

BLOOD AND BLOOD SPATTER Agglutination, antibody, antigen, blood types, DNA, precipitin test, Rh factor,

secretor, serology, Angle of Impact,

Arterial Gushing, Arterial Spurts, Clot, Cast-Off Stains,Drop Patterns, Expiratory Blood, Impact Site, Origin, Parent Drop, Projected Blood, Satellite Spatters, Shadowing/Ghosting/Void,

DNA Chromosome, mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA, gel electrophoresis, PCR (polymerase chain reaction), restriction enzymes, RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), STR (short tandem repeats), DNA profiling, perpetrator, suspect, DNA fingerprint

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Skeletonized Stain, Spatter, Spines, Splash, Swipe, Transfer Pattern, Target, Wipe,

VOCABULARY: BLOOD SPATTER pg 1-2

State

Assessment Connections

N/A N/A N/A

Textbook Correlation

Richard Saferstein “Forensic Science an Introduction” Chapter 8 Forensic Serology Richard Saferstein: Criminalistics (An

Introduction to Forensic Sc.) 9th edition

Textbook Companion Website

Brennon Sapp Unit 2: PHYSICAL

EVIDENCE pg 11-12

A FORENSIC TEXTBOOK for Reference Chapter 8: Forensic Serology & Blood Spatter pg 91

Richard Saferstein “Forensic Science an Introduction” Chapter 9: DNA The Indispensable forensic Science tool Richard Saferstein: Criminalistics (An

Introduction to Forensic Sc.) 9th edition

Textbook Companion Website

Brennon Sapp Unit 6 DNA TYPING

A FORENSIC TEXTBOOK for Reference Chapter 11: Forensic DNA Profiling pg 152

Richard Saferstein Forensic Science an Introduction”

Richard Saferstein: Criminalistics

(An Introduction to Forensic Sc.) 9th

edition Textbook Companion Website

Brennon Sapp "Forensics Illustrated Text"

A FORENSIC TEXTBOOK for Reference

Resources

NOTES:Blood spatter Analysis

NOTES: Blood Types pg 1

NOTES: BLOOD BASICS + BLOOD SPATTER 1 + 2

NOTES: History of DNA pg 1

NOTES: DNA Structure pg 1

Illustrated_Guide_to_Home_Forensic

_Science_Experiments.pdf

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VIDEOS:

Video: The Killer’s Trail (NOVA)[Sam Sheppard]

Video: Most UNSOLVED Murder Case Documentary || The Story of Dr. Sam Sheppard | Who was the Killer? ( 1 hr)

Video: Dead Reckoning: “Blood Spatter “(A&E) History Channel

Video: CSI "Unfriendly Skies" - Season 1 Ep. 9 (CS reconstruction)

Video: CSI "Justice is Served" Season 1 Ep. 21 (the Heme dilemma)

Video: “Blood Drops” Season 1 Ep. 107

Video: "The St. Valentines Day Massacre" ( 1 hr36 min) VIDEO & VIDEO CLIPS: Video Clip: You Decide Episode 13 " Silent Witness" ( 2:39 min)

Dexter: Pig's Blood Music Video (artistic view of blood) Dexter Intro Morning (1:56 min)

Science of Murder: Blood Spatter News Clip about Las Vegas Blood Evidence Team (5:36min)

Gun Shot back spatter slow motion video (1 min)

UK College shows blood labs they perform ( 8 min)CSI & Blood Evidence (6 min.) CSI: Blood Drops Episode (5 min.) Real Life CSI: Crime Scene Cleaners (5 min.)

VIDEOS: Video: "GATTACA" - Intro to DNA with GATTACA worksheet Video: CSI "Table Stakes" Season 1Ep.15

Video: Race for the Double Helix Video: Race for the Double Helix guide pg 1-2 Bill Nye Greatest Discoveries - Genetics DVD and questions

VIDEO & VIDEO CLIPS:

Forensic Files Season 1 Ep.3"The House

that Roared" use of Luminol (23 min) and DNA

VIDEO & VIDEO CLIPS Crime Scene Walkthrough Animation ( 1:50 MIN) Animation Example - Crime Scene ( 1:51 MIN) Crime Scene SKETCH (1:19 min)

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Forensic Files Season 1 Ep.3"The House that Roared" use of Luminol (23 min)

Forensic Files Season 6 Ep.18 “Bad Blood” (23 min)

RELATED LINKS

Crime Library- Serology section Blood Transfusion Game (play this)

Test your bloodstain analysis skills (online quiz) Blood stain pattern analysis Tutorial

How Blood Stain Pattern Analysis Works (from HowStuffworks.com)

Trig Sines of Angles Reference Sheet

CRIME SCENE Forensic Bloodstains illustrations Interpretations

RELATED LINKS

Create A DNA Fingerprint

DNA Evidence & Profiling Gel Electrophoresis Virtual Lab The Innocence Project

In Depth sites on OJ: CNN site devoted to OJ Simpson Trial Law school website: about the OJ case OJ Simpson Trial (Frontline) ( you can view it online and see other important info.)

Blood Trails, DNA, and OJ (TrueTV)