History 10 A – Final Review

1. What was the motivation for European exploration in the late 15th and 16th centuries?– increase trade profits with Asia

2. For what were English, French, and Dutch explorers searching?– N.W. passage

3. What was one result of the Columbian Exchange?– Europeans brought germs that caused diseases

like smallpox and measles

4. What was the first permanent English settlement in North America?– Jamestown

5. The Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony because they ___________.– Wanted to escape religious persecution and create

a model society

6. Why were some of the British colonies in America, like Massachusetts, founded?– For religious freedom

7. The exchange of rum, sugar, molasses, and slaves between Africa, the West Indies, and New England was known as _________________.– The triangular trade

8. Where did the Puritans originate the concept of public education?– Massachusetts

9. After Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts, he founded a colony that guaranteed the freedom of religion and separation of church and state. What was that colony?– Rhode Island

10. Which intellectual movement emphasized the learning through reason and science and promoted the natural rights of man?– Enlightenment

11. Why were Africans brought to the Americas in the 16th century?– Replace Native American slaves in the mines and

on the plantations

12. Many of the early American colonists were people who could not afford their passage to America so they __________________.– Sold their labor for a period of 5 to 7 years

13. The Middle Passage was the movement of trade ships carrying slaves in the Triangular trade from ______________.– Africa to the Americas

14. The Backcountry was an area_______________.– That ran along the Appalachian Mountains from

New England to the Southern Colonies

15. Who were voters in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?– White, male, church members, 21 & land owner

16. William Penn founded Pennsylvania as a religious refuge for whom?– Quakers

17. What colony did James Oglethorpe establish as a refuge for debtors?– Georgia

18. The English colonists at Roanoke _______________.– Mysteriously disappeared

19. Who were negatively impacted by colonization, diseases, displacement, transportation, technology, and assimilation?– Native Americans

20. Which was the colonial region with rocky soil and a short growing season, making fishing and whaling the major industries?– The New England Colonies

21. Which was the colonial region characterized by an ethnically diverse population, cash crops of grain and commonly known as the “breadbasket colonies”?– The Middle Colonies

22. Which was the colonial region that, because of its intensive production of rice, indigo and tobacco, relied on the importation of slaves?– The Southern Colonies

23. In 1619, what was the first form of representative government in the British colonies?– House of Burgesses

24. What was established by the Mayflower Compact?– Self-government, laws for the common good, and

majority rule

25. Mercantilism is __________________.– Where the mother country exports more than it

imports in order to create a favorable balance of trade

26. John Locke challenged the belief that kings had a God-given right to rule, and stated that, “all men had a right to ______________.”– Life, liberty, and property

27. Which of the following colonies belong to the New England colonial region?– Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut and

Rhode Island

28. Which of the following colonies belong to the Middle colonial region?– New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware

29. Which of the following colonies belong to the Southern colonial region?– North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina

and Georgia

30. Who was the famous American Enlightenment figure who developed the first mail system, fire department, and library in the American Colonies?– Benjamin Franklin

31. What was the event, led by preachers such as George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards that changed colonial culture by promoting the right to challenge authority?– Great Awakening

32. Britain’s policy of salutary neglect caused the colonists to be _______________.– Independent

33.Which two countries fought for control of the Ohio River Valley?– France and Britain

34. What was the first attempt at uniting the colonies for which Benjamin Franklin used the example of the Iroquois Leagues as an example?– Albany Plan of Union

35. What was one outcome of the French and Indian War?– The British government began taxing the colonists

to help pay for the war

36. What was the result of the 1763 Treaty of Paris, which ended the French and Indian War?– France gave up its empire in North America

37. The Proclamation of 1763 ________________.– Banned settlement west of the Appalachians

38. Why did some colonists claim that Great Britain had no right to tax the colonies?– They were not represented in British Parliament

39. What is the name of the secret group in Boston that led colonial resistance against the Stamp Act?– Sons of Liberty

40. What was the document stating colonial grievance against the king?– Declaration of Independence

41. Why was the pamphlet Common Sense important?– Convinced many colonists that the colonies

should declare their independence from Great Britain

42. The Declaration of Independence was mainly written by whom?– Thomas Jefferson

43. Which woman wrote a letter requesting that women be remembered in the Declaration of Independence?– Abigail Adams

44. What was the main reason Parliament backed down and repealed the Stamp Act?– British merchants were hurt by colonial boycotts

45. What were the colonists who wanted to break away from England called?– Patriots

46. At the start of the Revolution, why did most Americans not support the war?– Together, loyalists and neutral Americans

outnumbered patriots

47. Who was the Bostonian leader of the Sons of Liberty who created the Committees of Correspondence, which translated popular discontent into action?– Sam Adams

48. Who served as a member of the Second Continental Congress after he defended the British soldiers accused in the Boston Massacre?– John Adams

49. Who wrote a pamphlet, Common Sense, and created a strong case for independence from Great Britain?– Thomas Paine

50. How was Paul Revere’s famous etching of the Boston Massacre used against the British?– Propaganda

51. Who was a sailor of African and Native American ancestry that was killed by the colonists in the Boston Massacre?– Crispus Attucks

52. Which act required the colonies to provide housing and supplies for British soldiers?– Quartering Act

53. Who stirred Americans’ drive for independence with his speech, “Give Me Liberty, or Give Me Death”?– Patrick Henry

54. What did George III have Parliament impose on Boston as a punishment for the Boston Tea Party?– Coercive (intolerable) Acts

55. What unified the colonies in response to the Coercive (intolerable) Acts?– First Continental Congress

56. In what event did the colonists dress as Mohawk Indians, destroying property of the British East India Company?– Boston Tea Party

57. The __________________ created the Declaration of Independence formed the Continental Army and chose George Washington as commanding general?– 2nd Continental Congress

58. Who was the president of the Continental Congress and the first signer of the Declaration of Independence?– John Hancock

59. Which act of Parliament put a tax on paper documents and caused boycotts and the creation of the Sons of Liberty?– Stamp Act

60. Where was the “shot heard around the world,” which started the war for Independence, fired?– Lexington & Concord

61. What was the greatest advantage for the British during the Revolution?– Superior navy, Money, Resources

62. What was one advantage the colonies had during the Revolution?– military leadership

63. Whose appointment over the Continental Army ensured that the Southern Colonies would be involved in the war?– George Washington

64. What was the most important way in which women helped the patriot cause?– Cooking for the soldiers and providing care to the

sick and wounded

65. What did the colonists use to neutralize the more highly trained British Regulars?– Guerilla warfare

66. Washington’s army endured incredible hardships at which of the following winter quarters?– Valley forge

67. Which first major battle did the Americans view as a moral victory?– Bunker hill

68. The Hessians were_____________?– German Mercenaries

69. Which of the following is the Christmas victory that saved Washington’s army from collapse?– Trenton

70. Which of the following victories was a turning point for the Americans and led to European support for the American cause of Independence?– Saratoga

71. Ben Franklin helped obtain support from which country?– France

72. Which of the following was a former Quaker who became one of Washington’s best generals and was eventually put in charge of the Southern army?– Nathanael Greene

73. Why were George Rogers Clark’s victories important?– Gave the United States claim to land west of the

Appalachians

74. Who was the Swamp Fox, known for his guerilla tactics and for keeping Cornwallis from reinforcing Clinton in the North?– Francis Marion

75. Who led the Green Mountain Boys and defeated the British at Fort Ticonderoga?– Ethan Allen

76. Who was the patriot’s most famous naval leader?– John Paul Jones

77. Who was the victorious patriot leader, a hero at Saratoga, who is remembered as a traitor?– Benedict Arnold

78. Who was the 19-year old French noble that served in the Continental Army and convinced his king to send 6,000 more soldiers?– Marquis de Lafayette

79. What was the name of the final major battle the Continental Army won with the aid of the French?– Yorktown

80. What was the biggest problem facing the United States with the end of the Revolution?– The high national debt

81. One consequence of the American Revolution, acknowledged in the Treaty of Paris, was that Great Britain __________________________.– Had to recognized the independence of the

United States

82. The American Revolution brought about which major shift in political thinking and turned to the idea of__________.– Republicanism

83. What was allowed to develop in the United States with the end of Britain’s economic control?– Free enterprise

84. Which was a major weakness of the Articles of Confederation?– A weak central government without the power to

enforce laws, levy taxes or regulate trade

85. The Northwest Ordinance of 1785 provided a way to _______________________.– Settle the western territories

86. Which of the following was responsible for creating townships in the western lands, which became known as the Northwest Territory? – Land Ordinance of 1785

87. Which of the following convinced many people that the articles of Confederation were weak and that the nation needed stronger leadership?– Shay’s Rebellion

88. The Articles of Confederation’s inability to raise taxes and regulate trade led to the _______________________.– Constitutional Convention