History, Eprocess, Types - ACT

8/3/2019 History, Eprocess, Types - ACT

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HISTORYAND

DEVELOPMENT

COMPUTERSOF

BMIS 111 : Introduction to Computer


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EVOLUTIONOF

DIFFERENT

DEVICESCOMPUTING

BMIS 111 :Introduction to Computer


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H I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R SDifferent Calculating Devices

ABACUS (12th Century A.D.) Ancient Chinese


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NAPIER BONES John NapierDifferent Calculating Devices

H I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R S


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SLIDE RULE William OughtredDifferent Calculating Devices



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PASCALINE (1642) Blaise PascalDifferent Calculating Devices



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LEIBNITZS CALCULATOR (1694) GV LeibnitzDifferent Calculating Devices



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JACQUARD LOOM (1801) Joseph Marie JacquardDifferent Calculating Devices



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Different Calculating DevicesH I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R SARITHMOMETER (1820) Charles Xavier Thomas


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DIFFERENCE ENGINE (1842) Charles BabbageDifferent Calculating Devices



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ANALYTICAL ENGINE (1833 / 1871)- Charles BabbageDifferent Calculating Devices



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Different Calculating DevicesH I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R SThe Concept of Programming Language (1816 1852) Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace


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ATANASOFF - BERRY COMPUTER (1942) John Vincent Atanasoff & Clifford Berry

Different Calculating DevicesH I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R S


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STORED PROGRAM CONCEPT (Mid 1940s) John Von Neumann

Different Calculating DevicesH I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R S


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DEVELOPMENTIN

ELECTRONIC

DEVICESDATA PROCESSING


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DEVT OF ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSINGMARK I

- developed under the supervision ofHoward G. Aiken in 1944

- official name was Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator

- approximately 50 feet long and 8 feet high

- consisted of some 700,000 moving parts

and several hundred miles of wiring


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ENIAC

DEVT OF ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING

- developed under the direction ofPresper Eckert Jr.and John Mauchly in 1943 - 1946

- acronym for Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator

- it is consisted of over 18, 000 vacuum tubes

- required the manual setting of switches to achieve desired results.

- it could perform 300 multiplications per second.


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EDVAC


- modified version of ENIAC developed by John Von Neumann in 1946

- official name was Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer


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EDSAC


- developed by an Englishman in 1949 at Cambridge University


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GENERATIONSOF

COMPUTERSYSTEM



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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERFirst Generation

Howard G. Aiken, in conjunction with IBM, developed theMARK I in 1944

Grace Hopper developed the COBOL

(Common Business Language)

to program the MARK I

ENIAC was developed under the agreement of US govt

and University of Pennsylvania

Adele Goldstein programmed the ENIAC


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UNIVAC (UNIVersal Automatic Computer) was inventedby Eckert, Mauchly and Neumann


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The programming language used to program these first

generation computers was calledmachine language

because instructions were a series of zeroes and ones.

Its main improvement over older designs was its memoryunit that temporarily stored programs and data.

Computers built in First Generation are designed using

vacuum tubes


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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERSecond Generation

Transistor was invented in 1956 by William Shockly,John Barden, and Walter Brattain


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Transistors were electronic components that functionedthe same way as vacuum tubes used in computers but

transistors were much smaller, reliable and they consumed

significantly lesser electricity.

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERSecond Generation

Computers built using transistors were much moredependable, easier to maintain and cheaper to operate

Programming Language used was called assembly language

which used abbreviations to represent machine language

operating instructions.


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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERThird Generation

Integrated Circuits (IC) were invented


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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERThird Generation

These were a collection of electronic components etchedonto a silicon wafer with all the connections necessary

An IC is equivalent to thousands of transistors or vacuum

tubes connected to one another

Computers made with ICs were much faster, lighter andsmaller, and they consumed even much less electricity

Programming Language used to program the Third

Generation Computers was calledhigh-level Language

Two High-Level Languages introduced during this time

1. FORTRAN (FORmula TRANSlator) used in engineering

and scientific calculations

2. COBOL (Common Business Language) used in business

applications


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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERFourth Generation

In 1971, the first electronic computers were introduced thatusedLarge Scale Integration (LSI) circuits

LSI circuit composed of thousands of integrated circuits on

a chip, for main memory and logic circuitry (the circuitry

that performs the logical operations of the CPU Microprocessors are several integrated circuits put together

in a wafer of silicon


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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERFourth Generation

Computers that use microprocessors as their driving enginesare appropriately calledmicrocomputers

LSI and microprocessor enabled the development of

mainframe computers and supercomputers

Two computer manufacturers that developed mainframes:IBM and DEC (Digital Electronic Corporation).

One of the most popular supercomputer companies is

Cray Research owned and operated by Symour Cray


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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERFifth Generation

develop new superconductors that can conduct electricitywith no resistance, thus generating no heat but great speed

Parallel processing means that many processors will work

on a problem at the same time

development ofArtificial Intelligence (AI)


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TYPESOF

COMPUTERSYSTEM



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T Y P E S O F C O M P U T E R S Y S T E MSUPER COMPUTER


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MAINFRAME COMPUTER

T Y P E S O F C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M


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MAINFRAME COMPUTER



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MINI COMPUTER



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MICRO COMPUTER



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History, Eprocess, Types - ACT