History of Little Rock Air Force BaseLittle Rock Air Force Base of-

ficially came into being on Febru-ary 1, 1955.

Actually its beginning started inOctober 1951, when an unofficialspokesman of the United StatesAir Force made an extemporaneouscomment that, Air Force wise,Arkansas looked like the "hole inthe doughnut." That comment wasactually the conception of LittleRock Air Force Base. At the timethe comment was made, everystate bordering Arkansas had atleast one Air Force station whileArkansas did not have a singleactive base.

In January of 1952, the citizensof Little Rock and Pulaski Countyofficially opened the drive to havean Air Force base located in thecounty. By the end of September1952 the committee had raised al-most one million dollars. On De-cember 12, 1953, the Army Corpsof Engineers was instructed to al-lot $9.6 million for initial construc-tion and to take possession of ap-proximately 7,500 acres just northof the town of Jacksonville, Arkan-sas.

By August 1, 1955, all units as-signed to the base were activatedwith the exception of the 70thStrategic Reconnaissance Win gwhich had been activated January24, 1955, at Lockbourne AFB, Ohio.The 70th started its move to LittleRock AFB in September 1955 andhad completed the move and wasin full operation by October of thatyear.

With the move of the 70th com-pleted, the 825th Air Division wasin full operation with its four as-signed units. In September 1958,the 825th Air Base Group and the4225th USAF Dispensary werechanged to the 825th Combat Sup-port Group and 825th MedicalGroup respectively.

The growth of the base con-tinued and in 1961 the missile agecame to Little Rock Air Force Basewith the construction of Titan IImissile sites in the northern partof the state. Little Rock Air ForceBase will be the headquarters forthe 308th Missile Wing and its as-signed units who will control, main-tain, and use, if necessary, theTitan II ICBM which will be housedin the giant silos in Arkansas.

82Sth Air DivisionThe 825th Air Division was acti-

vated at Little Rock Air ForceBase, Jacksonville, Arkansas, and

assigned to Second Ail,;.Force on1 August 1955. Colonel Joseph J.Preston was assigned as the firstCommander of the 825th Air Divi-sion.

The 825th Air Division has theresponsibility of monitoring andcoordinating the manning, train-ing, equipping and operationalreadiness of its assigned units forthe primary purpose of conductingstrategic air warfare on a globalscale. On 1 August 1955, the 825thAir Division had two wings, the384th Bombardment Wing (Medi-um) and the 70th Strategic Recon-naissance Wing, the 4225th UnitedStates Air Force Infirmary andthe 825th Air Base Group assignedunder their command. All of theseassigned units units were physical-ly located at Little Rock AFB,Arkansas, except the 70th StrategicReconnaissance Wing which waslocated at Lockbourne Air ForceBase, Ohio. Today the division hastwo bombardment wings, the 384thBW and the 70th BombardmentWing, the 825th Combat SupportGroup and the 825th Medical Grouplocated at Little Rock AFB. In ad-dition the division has the 68thBombardment Wing, the 68th Com-bat Support Group and the 806thMedical Group located at Chen-nault AFB, Louisiana under theircommand.

384th Bombardment GroupOn 1 December 1942, the 384th

Bombardment Group (Heavy) wasactivated at Gowan Field, Idaho.It was first commanded by Cap-tain Ralph E. Switzer, whose pri-mary duty was that of flight sur-geon. Originally the Group hadonly 27 officers and 225 enlistedpersonnel. The group remained atGowan Field only a month beforebeing transferred to Sioux CityArmy Air Base, Iowa, for trainingin B-17s under the command ofColonel Bud J. Peaslee. After com-pleting this training, in early 1943,the group stopped briefly at CampKearney, Nebraska to equip withnew B-17s prior to overseas trans-fer. Equipped with new aircraftthe Group arrived in the EuropeanTheater of Operation in May 1943.June 22, 1943, was the day of the384th Group's first combat mission.The first mission was unsuccessful.Two airmen were killed, threewounded, two aircraft were lostand 11 damaged. On January 11,1944, the 384thBombardment Groupparticipated in the first large scaleair raid.

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The 384th Bombardment Group'starget was Halberstadt, Germany.Though under 25 minutes of su~-tained flack fire and an enemy air-craft trailing a bomb on a steelcable through their formation, theGroup lost no aircraft. The 384thBombardment Group destroyedsix enemy aircraft with two'probables' and either destroyed ordealt heavy damage to targets.The group received the first of itstwo unit citations for participatingin the raid. The second citationcame in April 1944 when the 384thBomb Group led a task force of113 planes through enemy aircraftand flak to destroy a German air-craft componc'1t plant. The Groupparticipated in 316 combat mis-sions.

The "384th" appeared again al-most nine years later at Little RockAir Force Base as the 384th Bom-bardment Wing (Medium). The384th Bombardment Wing is pres-ently composed of a HeadquartersSquadron, 544th, 545th and 546thBombardment Squadrons, 384thArmament & Electronics Squad-ron, 384th Organizational Mainten-ance Squadron, 384th Field Main-tenance Squadron, and its newestaddition, the 70th Air RefuelingSquadron.

70th Bombardment WingThe 70th Bombardment Wing

was originally activated on Sep-tember 13, 1941, at Gray Field,Fort Lewis, Washington, as the70th R e con n a i s san c e Group,equipped with thirteen obsolete 0-47type aircraft.

With the coming of Pearl Har-bor, the 70th ReconnaissanceGroup assumed a mission of coast-al scouting and anti-submarinepatrol along the Pacific coast. Al-though this mission was not spec-tacular, the personnel of the 70thserved with great pride and honor.

The reconnaissance group wasinactivated June 27, 1949, and re-activated January 14, 1955, as the70th Strategic Reconnais san c eWing, assigned to the 801st Air Di-vision, Second Air Force, SAC.

On August 1, 1955, the 70th Wingwas moved to Little Rock AirForce Base, and on June 2, 1958,it went out of the reconnaissancebusiness and assumed the missionof a combat crew training wing.It remained in this status untilOctober 25, 1961, when it was re-organized and designated the 70thBombardment Wing.

3

SATAFSATAF Little Rock is a detachment of the Bal-

listic Systems Division of the Air Force SystemsCommand, Los Angeles, California. It has the jobof seeing that the Titan II missile launch com-plexes around Little Rock Air Force Base are builtto specifications and turned over to SAC in an oper-ational condition. Military and civilian personnel ofthe Air Force and the Army Corps of Engineersmake up the task force.

Titan II is a two-staged, liquid fueled, inertiallyguided ballistic rocket, over 90 feet long and 10 feetin diameter. It is launched directly from its under-ground silo, and is directed to its target by a self-contained, all inertial guidance system which can-not be jammed by any known method, and whichprovides the capability of launching the entire TitanII force in 'salvo'. Titan II uses storable liquid fuel,rather than the highly volatile cryogenic fuels usedon the Atlas and earlier Titan missiles.

The launch silo is a reinforced concrete cylinderwith a concentric steel and concrete inner launchduct. The silo provides nine separate levels, isapproximately 147 feet deep and 55 feet insidediameter. The foundation is a seven-foot circularplate with no extension beyond the exterior face.

The top 28 feet of the silo wall is eight feet thick;the remaining sections are four feet thick. The silocontains the launch duct, a· flame deflector, twoexhaust ducts, a 100,000-gallonwater tank, and ninelevels of equipment-mounting access space.

The control center prOVIdes a hardened andseparated area, with space for electrical and me-chanical equipment rooms, and messing and sleep-ing quarters for operating personnel. It is a 37-footins.ide diameter, dome-shaped concrete sub-surfacestructure connected to the silo by a 209-foot tunneland the blast lock and access portal structures. Thefloor levels inside the control center are suspendedfrom the dome, to minimize blast shock.

The blast lock is a hardened, single-level struc-ture containing three rooms, one of which is fordecontaminating purposes. The structure is 38'8"x34'8"x20' in height, with roof, walls, and foundationslabs from three to five feet thick. The blast lockcontains two pairs of blast doors, one to preventnuclear blast reaching the control center from theaccess portal, and one to prevent the resulting blastfrom an explosion of the missile in the silo fromreaching the control center.

A cut-away drawing of a typical launch com-plex as it will appear in operational status is shown.

-8-

WELCOME308th Strategic Missile Wing

,:a~~"

308TH STRATEGIC MISSILE WING

COMMANDER'S WELCOMEA hearty welcome to you as a member

of the SAC Aerospace Team. Here at LittleRock Air Force Base you will be a memberand part of one of the greatest deterrentforces of SAC.

We enjoy one of the finest locations andmost suitable climates of any missile unit inSAC.

I sincerely hope this tour will be the mostsuccessful, pleasant, and memorable of yourcareer.

HISTORYOn April 1, 1962, Little Rock Air Force Base

entered a new era when the 308th Strategic MissileWing was activated as a unit of the 825th Air Division.

Composed of Three SquadronsThe Wing, composed of nearly 1000personnel, will

have three squadrons assigned, the 373rd and 374thStrategic Missile Squadrons and the 308th MissileMaintenance Squadron. The 373rd was activated atthe same time the Wing was assigned to the base, andthe remaining two will become active after all TitanII ICBM Complexes in Arkansas are completed.

Mission of the 308th will be to man and maintainthe Titan Sites throughout Central Arkansas. AfterAmerica's most powerful ICBM has joined the inven-tory at Little Rock AFB, the wing will assign fivecombat ready crews to each Titan II launcher on arotation basis. Each crew will consist of a crew com-mander, missile officer and two airman technicians.These four men will man the controls, as part of SAC'sGlobal strike force. These crews will be assigned toone of the wing's Strategic Missile Squadrons.

Personnel assigned to the Missile MaintenanceSquadron will be charged with keeping the missilescombat ready and performing periodic maintenancechecks at each site.

Each complex manned by the wing will have thegeneral appearance of a gigantic metal igloo, a

monstrous metal hopper and a tall concrete building-all resting below the earth's surface. Inside will be thelatest Titan missile, which will be ready for launch in "moment's notice.

Colorful HistoryIn assuming identity as the 308th Strategic Missile

Wing, the new unit brought a colorful history to LittleRock AFB. Originally designated as a bombardmentgroup, the unit compiled an outstanding combat recordduring World War II.

The 308th Bombardment Group was first activatedin April 1942and in 1943was assigned to China, Burmaand India Theatre, flying the B-24 aircraft. After animpressive combat record and two Distinguished UnitCitations the unit returned to the United States inDecember 1945and in January 1946was inactivated forthe first time.

Since its first inactivation, the unit has held desig-nations as the 308th Reconnaissance Group (Weather),the 308th Bombardment Group (Medium) and the308th Bombardment Wing.

One of Three Titan II WingsWith the new missile mission on its reactivation

in 1962, the wing became one of three units which willgive direct support to Titan II Complexes strategicallylocated throughout the United States. Other units arelocated at McConnell AFB, Kansas, and Davis-MonthanAFB, Ariz.

In joining the LRAFB family the 308th SMW willadd to the deterrent force of the base and the StrategicAir Command.

TITAN II ON ITS LAUNCHER-An Air Force TITAN II inter-continental ballistic missile stands on its massive steel-and-concrete launcher at Cape Canaveral during preparation fora flight down the Atlantic Missile Range. The TITAN II, whichutilizes storable liquid propellants, combines the quick startadvantages previously associated with solid fuel rockets andthe brute power of liquids.

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LEGEND :

I!I PROJeCT'SiTE' IIESIDENT ~ICI

@ PROJ£CT SITE

~ SAFE DRilliNG TIME 'ETWEEN STARS.II HIGHWAY MILEAGE 'ETWEEN STARS

I

CLEB RNE /) ROG =:I

lO

15 FEBRUARY Kll'1

~ 0SCALE - - -

CORPS OF ENGINEERS BALLISTIC MISSILECONSTRUCTION OFFICE.~

~LITTLE ROCK AREA

TIME AND ACCESS MAP

CEBMCOAREA OFFICE

-AL- __ ,iLittle RockII

! ROG**4-------

!l

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

I..:rr1'LI ROC3: AIR FORm; BASE

!-8 - MILEAGE CHART - BASE TO CmIPLEX AND OOMPLEX TO OOMPLEX

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7

OFFICERS CLUB. The Little Rock Air Force BaseOfficers Club is a structure which has the appear-ance of a Las Vegas "Sunset Strip" night club. Theultra-modern facility is equipped with a ball room,a sinuous bar, dining room, lounge, TV-game room,private dining room and a cocktail lounge. Like theNCOClub, the Officer's Club engages a band at leasttwice weekly.

NCO CLUB: "Stratosphere," the Little Rock AirForce Base Non-commissioned Officers' Club, isa fabulous $300,000facility located across the streetand west of the base exchange area. The Club isequipped with game room, stag room and bar,dining room, ball room, lounge, kitchen, patio andone of the longest bars in the state. Membershipdues are the usual $2 per month. All new membersget the first month's membership fee. A band isusually on stage on Friday and Saturday nightswith at least one name band appearing monthly.

SERVICE CLUB. An ultra-modern service club is lo-cated just south of the airmen's dormitories. Thethree-quarter million dollar facility has been classedas one of the best in the Air Force. Sponsoring acomplete program of entertainment for the airman,NCO or officer, the club boasts of the largest dancefloor in the state of Arkansas, 9,000 square feet. Ithas a hi-fi room with booths, game room, televisionroom, snack bar, music room and lounge.

-11-

The uniform will be worn by person-nel of Little Rock Air Force Base inaccordal).ce with pertinent Air Fo!·ceDirectives. It is intended that the uni-form be clean and' presentable at alltimes, both on and off base, and thatproper insignia, decorations, servicemedals, and badges be worn as ;)I"C-

scribed.

The winter uniform is authorizedfor wear from November 1 to April 1.

The blue blouse and trousers arc re-quired at all ceremonies and retreatformations. The blue jacket withtrousers is acceptable for ordinarydaily wear and is authorized to beworn as a duty uniform on the base.

The summer uniform is authorizedfor wear from April 1 to October 31.

The new summer cotton service uniform may be worn on base in any

authorized combination with the ex-ception that after 1830 hours ties areto be worn within the clubs. Off baseany combination may be worn to andfrom places of residence or while inthe performance of duty at anytime,

day or night. Tie will be worn with

uniform at all times off base except

going to and from residence to place

of duty. After 1830 hours ties will be

worn when in the club. When offi-

cers are representing the Air Force

at public functions the blouse must

be worn. Officers are required to

wear the blouse off base after 1830

hours with the exception of going to

and from residence to place of duty.

Miscellaneous items:1. Service cap or flight cap is auth-

orized for year around wear.

-12 -

2. Blue wool shirt and trousers maybe worn in winter during duty hours.A coat or jacket is required when thewinter uniform is worn off bast'!.

3. Athletic clothing may be wornonly while going to or from, or whileengaged in athletics.

4. Fatigue clothing will be wornonly while engaged in duty requ1l'lngsuch wear. It may be worn to andfrom work providea the wearer doesnot come in contact with the generalpublic.

5. Styles, types, and-or colors of uni-form will not be mixed at any time.

Civilian dress should be clean andpresentable, whether formal or in-formal, and should at no time be in-ter-mingled with military or-ess.

•

SAC'S MISSION:

SAC'S ORGANIZATION:

civilian) for short periods. This makes it virtuallyimpossible for any enemy to forecast the locationof SAC's bomber force at any given time. For thepast several years the command has been dispers-ing its B-52 Stratofortress heavy jet bombers andKC-135 jet Stratotankers to additional bases forprotection.

Since early 1960, SAC has had one-third of itsbomber and tanker force on ground alert capable ofreacting to warning within 15 minutes. As part ofthis force, SAC maintains a number of B-47's onalert at overseas bases under the Reflex Actionprogram.

SAC can maintain a portion of its heavy bomberfleet on airborne alert to further safeguard the com-mand's striking power from destruction on theground in a surprise attack. On a typical airborne

The command consists of a world-wide network alert mission, a B-52 bomber would stay in the airof more than 80 bases, 260,000 personnel, 3,000 as long as 24 hours, taking on fuel at specified inter-tactical aircraft, an ICBM force, 4,000 combat ready va Is from tankers. When the bomber is carryingcrews, and tangible assets of more than $15 billion. a heavy fuel load, its assigned target will be deepThe SAC structure' comprises four number air within the enemy's heartland. At medium fuelforces - Second Air Force, with headquarters at levels, the target will shift to mid-range. Then, asBarksdale AFB, Louisiana; Eighth Air Force, West- the fuel load dwindles, the target will change to aover AFB, Massachusetts; Fifteenth Air Force. shallow range. After refueling, the target cycle willMarch AFB, California, and Sixteenth Air Force, start again at deep range.Torrejon AB, Spain - two overseas air divisions - Also maintained on 'round-the-clock alert are7th AD in the United Kingdom and 3rd AD at the Free World's first intercontinental ballistic mis-Guam - and 1st Missile Division, at Vandenberg siles, the Atlas. This one and one-half stage ICBMAFB, California. burning liquid fuel, was the first operational bal-

SAC's operational aerospace force includes listie missile assigned to SAC achieving operationalAtlas inter-continental ballistic missiles, Snark in- readiness on 9 September 1959. Some 13 bases havetercontinental cruise missiles, B-58 Hustler Mach 2 been assigned Atlas missions. Other SAC bases willand B-47 Stratojet medium bombers, B-52 Strato- be equipped with Titan I and II and the Minuteman.fortress heavy bombers, and KC-135 jet and KC-97 Two other missiles coming into operational useconventional tankers. by SAC are the Quail and Hound Dog. The Quail is

During periods of extreme international tension a decoy missile, launched by B-52 aircraft to con-or in the event of war, General Power would direct fuse enemy defense radar, while the Hound Dog ishis far-flung force from the underground Command a supersonic guided missile, carried by B-52's andPost at SAC Headquarters, Offutt AFB, Nebraska. launched hundreds of miles from its target.In order to assure continuity of the command func- Currently nearing operational readiness are thetion should SAC Headquarters be destroyed, Gen- Titan I and II ICBM's. Titan I will be raised fromeral Power announced on 1 May 1960 that the com- a silo to ground level and launched, while Titan IImand was maintaining an Airborne Command Post will be silo launched. Titan burns liquid fuel and isready to take off at all times with a general officer a two-stage missile. Minuteman, a second genera-aboard to serve as commander. The Airborne Com- tion, solid fuel ICBM has three stages and will be amand Post would be linked with all SAC bomber versatile addition to the SAC force.and missile bases by single side band radio. The A manned bomber capable of speeds in excessadvanced radio system, put into operation 4 March of 2,000 miles per hour at altitudes of above 70,0001960,enables the Commander in Chief to communi- feet, is presently under development. Designatedcate with SAC crews in flight around the world. the B-70 Valkyrie, this long-range Mach 3 bomber

Major SAC programs seek to insure survival will add greatly to the command's nuclear counterof the force under the minimum warning condi- force. Also, the Air Force and Atomic Energy Com-tions. Giving greater protection to the B-47 medium mission are working together to develop a nuclear-jet bomber fleet, SAC occasionally deploys its powered bomber with a range limited only by crewbombers to non-SAC airfields (both military and endurance.

-15 -

Strategic Air Command is the long-rangenuclear strike force of the United States Air Force.Commanded by General Thomas S. Power, it is oneof the nation's two specified commands. The chainof command proceeds from the President to theSecretary of Defense, acting as his agent, throughthe Joint Chiefs of Staff, to the SAC Commanderin Chief.

SAC's mission is to prevent nuclear war byoperating from a position of unquestioned strength.By maintaining a bomber and missile aerospaceforce capable of winning under all circumstances,SAC hopes to preserve the peace on honorableterms. Should its primary mission fail, however,the command is prepared to destroy the enemy'scapability to continue the conflict. SAC's war plansare predicated on absorbing a surprise attack, al-though a situation where SAC would gain the initia-tive through strategic warning has not been ruledout.

J R-Air Scoop Thursday March J 7, J %6, )

OT PROGRAM TESTS CREWS--MISSILE

STATE AND MUNICIPAL BONDS

~

III.

ha ve resulted in a verysuccessful program thus far.Participation by the 308thSMW in the OTprogram issummarized below:

First Launcha. The fir st launch by

308th personnel was entitl-ed "Magic Lamp." Taskforce commander was Col.Edgar E. Bartlett. Site Com-mander was Lt. Col. Her-man C. Ahrens Jr. and chiefof maintenance wa. Maj.BenG. Scallorn. The missilewas launched by crew S-138fro m the 374th StrategicMis s i Ie Squadron. Maj.Ronald C. Feavel was Mis-sile Combat Crew Com-mander (MCCC).

Second Launchb. The second launch

"New Role" was under thedirection of Col. Peter H.Spear, task force comman-der. He was assisted by'Lt. Col. AdolphAguilar, sitecommander and Maj. RoyN.Minor, chief ofmaintenance.Capt. Harold D. Caselton,MCCCof crew S-042 andhiscrew from the 373rd Stra-tegic Missile Squadronlaunched the missile.

Third Launchc. "Power Box" was the

third successful launch of aTitan II by308thSMWcrews.This task force was com-manded by Lt. Col. GlennW.

Continued to P-19,

the installation of ran gesafety equipmen~ when themissile arrives and a finalcheck of the facilities iscarried out to insure allis in readiness for arrivalt>fthe task force.

Selection Of Personnel

International Harvester Co.MoioR TRUCK - PARTS - SERVICE - SAUS

I .

Personnel whoparticipatein theOTprogram are selec-ted very carefully. Missilecombat crews who monitoralert readiness and launchthe missile when directedare selected because oftheiroutstanding records as com-bat crew members anddem-onstrated professionalism.Only the most highly quali-fie d maintenance person-nel are chosen. Allare fullyqualified, certified to per-form assigned and reqUiredtasks and have demonstrat-ed outstanding proficiency intheir respective specialties.In addition to the commandelement consisting of thetask force commander, sitecommander and chi e f ofmaintenance, the task forceis comprised of three com-b'at. 'ready crews and ap-proximately 60 maintenancepersonnel of varying AirForce Specialty Codes.

The concerted effort ofthe 308th SMWandthe splen-did cooperation and supportrendered by activities hereon base and at Vandenberg

designating the task forcecommander, site command-er, chief maintenance of-ficer and the missile com-bat crews that will partici-pate in the exercise. Main-tenance teams including are-entry vehicle team fromthe 27th Munitions Main-tenance Squadron are form-ed. Persons in the Direc-torate of Personnel, pre-pare to brief the task forceand s tar t assemblying mo-bility folders for all per-sonnel to be deployed. TheBase Comptroller reservesfunds to cover the costsof travel and implementsprocedures to insure timelypay for those going to Van-denberg.

In the meantime, main-tenance teams are busyper-forming those tasks incidentto the removal of the selec-ted missile from the launch

,facility andinstallation ofthereplacement missile. Also,arrangements are beingfor-malized to t ran sp 0 r t themissile by .air to Vanden-be rg. Base Op e ra tion speople get into the act byplanning airlift for the taskforce.

At Vandenberg,refurbish-ment of the launch facility

r is taking place in anticipa-tion of the receipt of ourm i s s i I e, and maintenance~eams are being alerted for

"'VVISS:ES:BEST

Marion L. Crist,and

operational unit perform allnormal receipt tasks.

Refurbishment of thelaunch facility is by SAC/AFLC agreement. Vanden-berg per so nn e I performthese functions required tomeet current range and safe-ty requirements.

When the launch site isready for the missile and isacceptable to the operationalunit, the 308th maintenanceteams install the missile andperform all tasks necessaryto place the missile in a"readiness status." At thistime. the launch complex ismanned on a 24-hour basisby 308thSMWcombat readycrews • .After a period ofreadiness monitoring, themissile is launched uponre-ceipt of a "no-notice" ex-ecution me s sag e from theCommander in Chief, Stra-tegic Air Command.

Preparation For TripUpon receipt Of notifica-

tion that a particular mis-sile has been selected for anOT shot, the missile wingbecomes a beehive of ac-tiVity. Careful pre-planningand programming permitsthe wing to assume the ad-ditional workload in v0 Iv-ed without a degradation ofcurrent effectiveness. A308th fragmentary order isi m me di ate Iy publishedforming the task force andFI 2-7134 and Fa 2-7135

by Headquarters Strategic.Air Command of the mis-sile to be launched. Themissile comes from an op-erational site and is rep-resentative of the operation-al force. The unit possess-ing the missile, which hasbeen selected, is notifiedby an amendment to the ap-pro p ria t e fragmentaryorder. This notification isauthority to remove the mis-sile from the launch facil-ity, prepare it for shipmentand monitor its movementto Vandenberg AFB, Calif.

Maintenance teams, mis-sile combat crews and thecommand element are thende p I0 Ye d to Vandenberg.Vandenberg personnel off-load the missile, transport·it to appropriate check-out.location and accomplish in-stallation and checkout ofrange safety instrumenta-tion. Personnel from the

221 lOUISIANA limE ROCK

lillareal

IDlestlleDts

It involves all systemfunctions, including typicalmaintenance and readinessperiods and terminates withthe delivery of the re-entryvehicle to the impact area.

Selectin& The MissileEach test sequence begins

with the random selection

By K.W. LindsaySince the inception o~the

Operational T est i ng Pro-gram (OT), the 308th Stra-tegic Missile Wing hasachieved the best launch rec-ord of the three existingTitan II wings.

Operational Testing is aprogram for exercising theweapon system in as nearan operational environmentas possible to determinesystem reliability and ac-curacy factor s under rep-resentative operational con-ditions.

· .. 3081H CREWS LAUNCH FIVE 'BIRDS'

READY FOR LIFT OFF .. Following predeparture briefing, Crew S.117, con·sisting of (from left) Maj. Howard T. Blackwelder, 1st Lt. Peter C. Spring,SSgt. Sammuel Cirelli and A2C Hewitt W. Hurst, prepares to board a H·19

helicopter for flight to a missile complex for an alert tour of ins tru cti on.Sergeant Cirelli and Airman Hurst are the students Participating in this alerttour.

Missile Crew Training •• Exposedl!The 308th strategic Missile Wing Combat Crew Training of the instructors to effectively communicate their out- will insure effective use of the missile procedure trainer

Kt::AU rv~ Ir I ~ -- • -"_ .•••••~ ,..._--r'-._-~ __ ~.sisting of (from left) Maj. Howard T. Blackwelder, 1st Lt. Peter C. Spring,SSgt. Sammuel Cirelli and A2C Hewitt W. Hurst, prepares ta board a H·19

Sergeant Ci reI! i antour.

urst are tlie stuoents arti pdt

Missile Crew Training •• Exposed!1The 308th strategic Missile Wing Combat Crew Training

Section, directed by Lt. Col. William J. McGee, Senior[nstructor Crew commander of Crew S-009, is responsiblefor all. Titan II missile combat crew training at Little RockAFB.

Mission of the section is to maintain the highest qualitymissile combat crew to fully accomplish the Wing mis-sion. Seven regularly assigned, select, combat readycrews utilize the Missile Procedures Trainer, cardboardsimulators, alert tours at the missile complex, lecturesand a self-study library to perform the various trainingprograms. There are also certain additional crews thatonly instruct on alert.

The most· significant training program is the UpgradeTraining Program. Capt. Nolbert A. Gotner's crew, CrewS-033, is responsible for this program. The students havebeen through Sheppard AFB, Tex., for Titan II technicaltraining and their upgrade.

Crews are given an indoctrination briefing by Lt. Col.Adolph Aguilar, Chief of Training, Colonel McGee and Cap-tain Gutner for Titan II strategic alert. This intenseprogram leaves little time to attend to personal affairs,but is necessary in forming top-rate crews. The programincludes 50 hours of supervised self- study, 11 lectures,five cardboard trainer classes and at least four alerttours with an instructor crew.

These activities range from the progressional entry ofthe missile site to all aspects of launching the missile ifever directed to do so by the strategic Air Command.

[n the sixth week, the student is evaluated by the WingStandardization Division to determine if he is ready toassume alert duty. Evaluation results are determined bythe diligence of the student inapplyinghimself and the ability

of the instructors to effectively communicate their out-standing knowledge based on experience and un1!elfishde-votion to the study of the "'itan II Weapon System. Highresults have been achieved ~ith a total of over 50 studentssince Jan. 1, 1967. [n the standboard evaluations, over 50per cent of the students have been highly qualified.

Maj. Howard T. Blackwelder's crew, Crew S-117, isresponsible for the scheduling of the students' activitiesthroughout their six-week program. [n addition, theyschedule all activities of instructor crews. The mating ofappropriate tasks, students and instructors at appropriateplaces and achievement has contr1buted to the Wing'ssuccess in training activities.

Capt. Joe G. Pillman's crew, Crew S-131, determines,assigns and follows up on corrective training. This cor-rective training may be required of crews as a result ofhigher headquarters inpections or standardization checks.Captain Pillman's efficient direction has reduced re-curring weaknesses to a minimum. He reviews theMonthly Descrepancy Analysis Review Report and thencoordinates with other instructor crews to follow up onany areas of additional em,hasis.

Capt. Joe D. Friedman's crew spends many long hoursin applying creative thinking and imagination, coupledwith analysis of training trends, to develop packages that

will insure effective use of the missile procedure trainer.This crew has been instrumental in the high success of theWing's activities such as Operational Readiness [nspectionsand high alert times.

To facilitate the 50 hours of student study and producea research file for the instructors, Maj. William E.Reynold's crew, Crew S-I04, maintains a limited techni-cal order file. Accuracy of this file must be impeccable.Major Reynolds' crew has achieved a goal of "zero de-fects" in the file.

Combat Ready crews are directed to perform 11 hoursof self-study per month while on alert. To accomplishthis training, Maj. Douglas C. Cameron's crew, CrewS-130, develops a monthly set of problems covering nor-mal operating hazards and launch procedures to covereach crew position. At the missile site, the problemis initiated by a noninvolved crew member giving the re-sponsible crew member an index card with a set of lightindications depicting some malfunction, hazard or launchsituation. The training crew member then initiates andcompletes the appropriate procedures for the simulatedsituation.

The training is long, rigorus and demanding, but the endresults are very gratifying--a top-rate missile combatcrew!

Iran a Ie rt tou r 0 fin s t r u c t ion .,tudents Participating in this alert

[posedllective use of the missile procedure trainer.been instrumental in the high success of the,8 such as Operational Readiness Inspections:imes.the 50 hours of student study and produce

ile for the instructors, Maj. William E.v, Crew 8-104, maintains a limited teclmi-

Accuracy of this file must be impeccable.Is' crew has achieved a goal of "zero de-Ie.dy crews are directed to p"erform 11 hoursper month while on alert. To accomplishMaj. Douglas C. Cameron's crew, Crew

'5 a monthly set of problems covering nor-hazards and launch procedures to cover

lsition. At the missile site, the problema noninvolved crew member giving the re-

w member an index card with a set of light

Air Scoop, \lll~'ll, .1%7--11

MANUAL CHICK -- Second Lt. Phillip S. Keenan uses his "Dash 1" check-list to verify his SAC high frequency radio communication settings.

GUIDANCE AND ALLIGNMENT AID .. AlC Doncld Kierig (left) receivestraining aid from SSgt. Paul Love, Crew S-018, pretaining to the functions ofvarious modes of the missile Guidance and Allignment control panel in themissi Ie procedures trainer.

,,1L

GUIDANCE AND ALLIGNMENT AID u A1C Doncld Kierig (left)training aid from SSgt. Paul Love, Crew S-018, pretaining to the fuvarious modes of the missile Guidance and Allignment control pcmissi Ie procedures tra iner.

LAUNCH CONTROl CEN fER •• Capt. Wharton E. Duke (front)struction from Capt. Randolph J. Scheel, missile combat crew cCrew S-018, on the action that takes place when the hazard sen

I dt;!te,«ts G. f~r~i!,.•thEt .c.o.mplex.,

Exposed!1will insure effective use of the missile procedure trainer.This crew has been instrumental in the high success of theWing's activities such as Operational Readiness InSpectionsand high alert times.

To facilitate the 50 hours of student study and producea research file for the instructors, Maj. William E.Reynold's crew, Crew 8-104, maintains a limited techni-cal order file. Accuracy of this file must be impeccable.Major Reynolds' crew has achieved a goal of "zero de-fects" in the file.

Combat Ready crews are directed to perform 11 hoursof self-study per month while on alert. To accomplishthis training, Maj. Douglas C. Cameron's crew, Crew8-130, develops a monthly set of problems covering nor-mal operating hazards and launch procedures to covereach crew position. At the missile site, the problemis initiated by a noninvolved crew member giving the re-sponsible crew member an index card with a set of lightindications depicting some malfunction, hazard or launchsituation. The training crew member then initiates andcompletes the appropriate procedures for the simulatedsituation.

The training is long, rigorus and demanding, but the endresults are very gratifying--a top-rate missile combatcrew!

HAPPY WITH GOALS AT T A I NED -- Capt.Norbert A. Gotner (seated), member of CrewS-033,reviews an upgrade lesson plan with (fr~-n left)SSgt. Roger B. Carl son, mi ssi Ie foci Iities tech-nICian, and 2nd Lt. Howard E. Duvall, deputymi ssi Ie . combat crew commander.

••

lO-Air Scoop, May 11, 1967

STANDARDIZATION EVALUATION .. Constant review of Crew proficiencyratings is the task of Crew 5-131. Capt. Joe G. Pill man (~eft), cre~ ~om-mander, and M5gt. Eugene E. Becker, Balistic Missile Analyslst Technician,review the results of a crew standardization evaluation summary.

COMMUNICA TIONS LECTURE -- Communications are an absolute essentialto an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile launcher. Capt. Larry C. Glad (top),crew deputy commander of Crew 5-009, points out the antenna configurationlocations to a group of crew students.

SIIifA

n

locations to a group of crew students.

PROCEDURES TRAINER .• SS9t. James L. Fort, of Crew S-108, reviews thej...,:,function'of, the Facility Power Control Board with'studeirit, A2C John'Jackson}"

THIS article has only one intent: To affordyou an opportunity to join us as an honorary

crew member and observe a Titan Missile crewin action during a typical 24-hour alert tour.

Welcome aboard, our crew is composed oftwo officers, the missile combat crew commander(MCCC) and the deputy missile combat crewcommander (DMCCC) and two enlisted person-nel, the missile system analyst technician (MSA T)and the missile facilities technician (MFT).

The first "happening" at the beginning of analert tour is predeparture briefing. This is con-ducted at 0715 hours in a secure room. In attend-ance at this briefing are members of the wing and

4

crews who man SAC's "owerful.ICBM's are dedicated to the concept ofmission accomplishment ana a high degreeof professionalism.

squadron in addition to the missile combat crews.The crews and staff are briefed on scheduled main-tenance activities, weather, safety, special exercisesand other pertinent information. In addition, theMCCC's and DMCCC's are administered tests onemergency war order procedures.

At the completion of the briefing, the crewsproceed to their assigned vehicles. A safety brief-ing is completed prior to departing for their as-signed missile complex.

The drive to the complex, located 50 milesfrom the base, is an excellent time to acquaintyou with a few facts about the Titan II weaponsystem. The Titan II ICBM has a computer con-

COMBAT CREW

trolled inertial guidance system and storable pro-pellants. It has a range in excess of 5000 miles.The missile complex houses the necessary groundequipment to monitor the alert readiness of themissile and to provide an immediate launch capa-bility. There are 18 Titan II missile complexeslocated around Little Rock, each separated bydistances of seven to ten miles.

Upon arrival at the complex's outer securityfence, the MCCC notifies the crew on duty of ourarrival by direct line telephone located adjacent tothe electrically locked surface gate. After propersecurity measures are taken, the gate is unlockedby the MCCC on duty in the control center bypressing a pushbutton on his console. Once in-side the enclosed area, the two MCCC's verify byphone that the gate is re-locked. The crew thenproceeds directly to the access portal and ourMCCC enters the entrapment area which is se-cured by two electrically operated doors. Herehe is monitored on closed circuit television cameraand communicates with personnel in the controlcenter by telephone. As soon as he has been posi-tively identified, the MCCC on duty resets thesurface security surveillance system. The crew isthen authorized to enter the launch control cen-ter (LCC) and to perform required topside equip-ment inspections.

During this inspection, equipment is checkedfor corrosion, leaks, proper belt tension, excessivenoise and vibrations, and so forth. Included aresuch items as the 700-ton silo closure door whichcovers and protects the missile; fuel and oxidizerhardstands which facilitate propellant operations;communications antennas; air intake and exhaust

ducts; and weather instruments. Any abnormalcondition observed will be reported and necessarycorrective actions taken.

After completing the topside inspection, thesurface security surveillance system is reset andthe crew members performing the inspectio::\ pro-ceed to the control center. To gain entry into thecontrol center, one must pass through the entrap-ment area and journey down a series of windingstairs which lead to the first of a series of seven-ton steel blast doors. These are electrically inter-locked, hydraulically operated, and only one canbe opened at a time. The crew now enters leveltwo of the three-level control center. The launchcontrol center, a buried, re-inforced concrete struc-ture and the blast lock doors are designed to with-stand the effects of a blast topside. The LCCcontains living quarters, communications equip-ment, battery power supplies, equipment for check-out and monitoring of the weapon system andequipment for initiating launch.

Formal crew changeover, a procedure designedto transfer alert responsibility, is now initiated.During the changeover briefing, the oncomingcrew is advised of launch complex status and anyconditions affecting normal EWO operations;critical safety and security requirements are veri-fied; a systematic inventory of materials, publica-tions, and documents is performed; and finally, thewing command post is notified of the change ofcommand.

Our crew is now in command of the missilecomplex. The first order of business is the veri-fication of the alert readiness of the missile andother launch essential equipment. Readiness mon-

ii

..*:; ..'0

~r

NOVEMBER 1968 5

TITANIn'.rconlln.nlale.•III,hC Mi •• U.

Itonng is performed by light indications on thelaunch control complex facilities con sol e(LCCFC). Readiness monitoring consists of sur-veillance of the LCCFC to assure the absence ofindications preventing launch and conditionswhich could result in injury to personnel and dam-age to equipment.

The LCCFC is of such importance that a de-scription should not be omitted. The console panelis divided into three sections, launch control andmonitor, readiness control and monitor, and fa-cilities control and monitor sections. The launchcontrol and monitor section contains switches toselect a target, initiate a launch, shut down thesystem and reset. It also contains indicators tomonitor the pre-launch, missile and launch verifi-cations, and launch sequence functions. The read-iness control monitor section contains operationalguidance system indicators, power distribution in-dicators, missile status indicators and RV indi-cators. The facilities control and monitor sectioncontains pushbutton-indicators and indicators

6

which monitor and control hazards and abnormalconditions which may exist throughout the launchcomplex. Flashing red indicators denote fire andtoxic vapor hazards. Amber and red indicatorsindicate other hazardous or abnormal conditionswhich require immediate attention.

The MCCC conducts a formal crew operationsbriefing following readiness monitoring. It coverssafety, communications, emergency procedures,checklists, technical orders, EWO responsibilities,scheduled maintenance, and training to be accom-plished.

Daily shift verification is performed as soon aspossible after the crew operations briefing. It con-sists of lamp tests, checkout of communicationsequipment, and visual checks of equipment and in-dicators. The verification begins in the controlcenter where lamp tests and visual inspections ofequipment status are performed. The MSA T andMFT are then dispatched on a walk-through in-spection of the entire launch complex to visuallycheck and verify operational efficiency of theequipment. A cableway, which is nine and one-half feet in diameter and constructed with steelfloors, connects the control center and the launchsilo. Located in the cableway near the controlcenter are two blast doors which provide protec-tion for personnel in the control center fromhazardous conditions which could occur in thesilo. The cableway provides for passage of per-sonnel and equipment, control wiring, utility dis-tribution, air ducts, and piping. The launch silois a reinforced concrete structure with inside di-mensions of 146 feet in depth and 55 feet in di-ameter. A launch duct containing the missile islocated in the center of the silo. Equipm~nt areasare located between the launch duct and thelaunch silo on nine separate levels. Equipment oneach level is inspected during the verification. Thisprocedure is time consuming since the daily shiftverification checklist contains 210 steps.

It is approximately 1300 hours and time forlunch. Alternating shifts, which are composed ofan officer and an enlisted crew member, may nowrelax and eat their lunches in the kitchen beforethe next scheduled activity, a missile and launchverifica tion.

Positive direction and guidance for conductingthese verifications are contained in technical data.The missile verification is an automatic sequencethat verifies missile components are functioningproperly. The launch verification is a semi-auto-matic sequence that exercises the weapon system.During this test all systems required to insurelaunch and successful flight of the missile aretested electronically. The crew now begins normalreadiness monitoring. Suddenly, visual and aud-ible alarms on the security surveillance system an-nunciator panel ~ndicate that a possible intrusionor attack has occurred. It is of the utmost import-ance that wing command post and central securitycontrol be notified. Until a missile security alert

COMBAT CREW

I

team (MSA T) arrives and performsa security inspection topside, no onemay enter or depart the launch com-plex. Our course of action is to closethe control center blast valve andmonitor the launch complex for ad-ditional events which may indicateattack or intrusion. The audiblealarm may be silenced, but the visualone signifying the area penetratedremains illuminated until the MSATcompletes its topside security inspec-tion.

The security surveillance systemprovides for the silo closure doorarea and control center air intakeshaft. Alarms will register wheneverany movement is detected in the pro-tected area.

The MSA T contacts the MCCCby radio/telephone as soon as theyarrive in the area. The security teamreports that the inspection is com-pleted and the intruder is a smallsquirrel observed sitting near thesilo closure door; the MSAT is nowfree to depart the complex. Neces-sary calls are made to the wing com-mand post and central security con-trol on the result of the inspection.The security surveillance system isreset, and the LCC blast valveopened.

The MCCC now begins a reviewof the many checklists coveringbriefings in his technical data. Con-stant study and review is required tomaintain the high degree of profi-ciency required by the Strategic AirCommand. The MCCC is respons-ible for many briefings. A safetybriefing is given to all visitors. Anactivity coordination briefing is con-ducted prior to any maintenanceperformed at the complex and a siloentry briefing is given to all person-nel entering the silo. Other briefingscover such topics as crew safety,launch duct entrance and exit pro-cedures and no-lone-zone require-ments.

At one time or another duringeach tour, the MSAT and MFT per-form corrosion control on assignedlevels. During their absence fromthe control center, the MCCC andDMCCC query each other on posi-tive control procedures and simulatevarious checklists in their Dash Oneto insure proper coordination.

Crew training is accomplishedafter dinner. Using checklists con-

NOVEMBER 1968

tained in the Dash One and othertechnical orders, simulated malfunc-tion analysis problems are per-formed. These problems are direct-ed in the monthly training packagefor each alert tour. Problems in-clude: launch no-go; toxic vaporhazard; fires; power failures; andothers.

The first sleeping shift goes intoeffect at this time. An officer andan enlisted crew member remain onlevel two of the control center tomonitor the LCCFC an.d complywith security regulations; they de-vote a minimum of three hours todiligent study of technical data.

The two sleeping crew membersare awakened by the MCCC usingthe voice signaling system. Thissystem can be used to announceemergency conditions and direct re-medial action. Acting as a publicaddress system, all personnel can bealerted simultaneously. As soon asthe MSAT and MFT have per-formed a midnight walk-through tocheck operating equipment through-out the complex, the second sleep-ing shift goes into effect.

Morning arrives and we beginpreparation for crew changeover.The crew must insure that the ap-pearance of the control center is im-maculate; mainten.ance forms arecomplete and accurate; and performone final operational check of theLCC equipment prior to the on-coming crew's arriv.al.

Upon receiving a call from the on-coming MCCC on the surface gatephone, our MCCC unlocks the gateand allows them to enter; relocksand verifies that it is locked; posi-tively identifies the MCCC in theentrapment area; and then allowshis crew to perform daily entry veri-fication. As soon as they have com-pleted it and come down to th~ con-trol center, a formal crew change-over is conducted and responsibilityof the complex is transferred.

At approximately 1000 hours, thecrew departs the complex and re-turns to the base for debriefing; thissignifies the end of another alerttour's activities. The crew completestheir day knowing that they kept itssortie in a ready to launch statusand that each member's perform-ance played an important role. ~

7

MISSILECREWS OF THE MONTH

TITAN CREW S-117, 308thStrategic Missile Wing, Little

Rock Air Force Base, and MIN-UTEMAN CREW S-204, 351stStrategic Missile Wing, WhitemanAir Force Base, are SAC MissileCrews of the Month: Their superiorteamwork, sustained dedication, andprofessional performance are out-standing and they now join a selectgroup.

MAINTENANCE MAN OF THE MONTH

TECHNICAL Sergeant Richard A. Stoewer,306th Bomb Wing, McCoy AFB, Florida, has

been selected SAC Manitenance Man of theMonth for outstanding performance and contribu-tions to the maintenance effort. On his own in-itiative, he designed and constructed an ACjDCgenerator test set which allowed all voltage regu-lators to be precision adjusted prior to their in-stallation. He was also responsible for improvingthe method for rewiring the electrical harness onthe }-57-27 engine.

Sergeant Stoewer's versatility, initiative and in-genuity reflect great credit upon himself and theUni~ed States Air Force.

NOVEMBER 1968

TITAN Crew S-117: Captain Roger W. Davidson, MCCC;lilt Dennis J. Stanley, DMCCC; TSgt Willis A. Clark,MSAT; and SSgt Samuel Cirelli, MFT.

MINUTEMAN Crew S-2~: Major Edwin B. Cantrell III,MCCC; lilt Bobby R. Quisenberry, DMCCC; and CaptainArthur E. Johnson, AMCCC.

27

strategic o,r

Correspondents

... Captain Homer A. Caouette, III. . . . . . . Captain Jerry L. Sinclair

... Captain Albert L. Yantis, Jr... .Captain Gerald W. Cralt

.. Captain Michael H. Keyserling. Captain David S. Whiteman

..... Captain Philip D. Doud. . Major Billy E. Bristow

... Captain F. Rodriguiz

<56 BW ...

454 BW ..

509 BW.

449 BW .

2 BW lILt. Joseph H. Wi.e

5 BW Captain Bobby O. Welch.............. Captain John T. Gleason

6 SW Captain Wm. T. Price, III

7 BW .........•.... Captain Charlie Rodriquez

9 SRW Major Buddy L. Brown

11 SAW Captain Frederick E. Gerken, Jr.19 BW Major William W. Brandon, II

22 BW Captain Michael B. Seaton

28 BW Captain Gordon W. Lightfoot

42 BW Captain Bertram A. King

43 BW Major John L. Snow

44 SMW Captain Donald E. Krajewski

55 SRW Captain John J. Brannelly... Captain Peter S. Carpenter

68 BW Captain Robert C. Hyde

70 BW Major Jerome S. Dwelle

72 BW Captain Thomas J. Doubek

90 SMW .. Captain Raymond V. McMillan

92 BW Captain Roy L. Laughton

93 BW .. Major William P. Hum

96 SAW .. Captain Jerry R. Weatherby... liLt. Robert L. Kimball

97 BW Major Robert J. Baertrch

99 BW I/Lt. Peter F. Fazio

100 SRW Major Richard G. Woodhull, Jr.

301 ARW Captain William J. Gate.

305 BW Major Elden S. Billington

306 BW Captain Frederick M. King

308 SMW Captain Bobbie J. Reynold.

319 BW lILt. Kenneth C. King, Jr.

320 BW Captain Vernon B. Kelly

321 SMW Captain James Bradley

341 SMW lILt. Robert J. Perry

351 SMW liLt. Robert M. Feldman... Major Terry P. Weyant

379 BW Captain John M. Fabian

380 SAW Captain William G. Halpin

381 S~{W I/Lt. Maximilian J. B. Welker, Jr.

390 SMW ,.I/Lt. Lester L. Walker

410 BW .

31