Text messaging, ortexting, is the act of composing and sending
brief, electronic messages between two or more mobile phones, or
fixed or portable devices over a phone network. The term originally
referred to messages sent using theShort Message Service(SMS). It
has grown to include messages containing image, video, and sound
content (known asMMSmessages). The sender of a text message is
known as atexter, while the service itself has
differentcolloquialismsdepending on the region. It may simply be
referred to as atextin North America, the United Kingdom,
Australia, New Zealand and the Philippines, anSMSin most of
mainland Europe, and anMMSorSMSin the Middle East, Africa, and
Asia.Text messages can be used to interact with automated systems
to, for example, to order products or services, or to participate
in contests. Advertisers and service providers usedirect text
marketingto message mobile phone users about promotions, payment
due dates, et cetera instead of using mail, e-mail orvoicemail.In a
straight and concise definition for the purposes of this English
language article,text messagingby phones or mobile phones should
include all 26 letters of the alphabet and 10 numerals, i.e.,
alpha-numeric messages, or text, to be sent by texter or received
by the textee.Contents[hide] 1History 2Uses 3Applications
3.1Microblogging 3.2Emergency services 3.3Reminders of hospital
appointments 3.4Commercial uses 3.4.1Short codes 3.4.2Text
messaging gateway providers 3.4.3Premium content 3.5In business
3.6Online SMS Services 3.7Worldwide use 3.7.1Europe 3.7.1.1Finland
3.7.2United States 3.7.3Japan 3.7.4China 3.7.5Philippines 3.7.6New
Zealand 3.7.7Africa 4Social impact 4.1Effect on language 4.2Texting
while driving 4.3Texting while walking 4.4Sexting 4.5In schools
4.5.1Bullying 4.5.2Influence on perceptions of the student 4.6Law
and crime 4.7Social unrest 4.8Texting in politics 4.9Use in
healthcare 4.10Medical concerns 4.11Texting etiquette 5Challenges
5.1Text message spam 5.2Pricing concerns 5.3Increasing competition
5.4Security concerns 6Text messaging in popular culture 6.1Records
and competition 6.2Morse code 7See also 8References 9External
linksHistory[edit]In 1933 RCA Communications, New York introduced
the first "telex" service.[1]The first messages over RCA
transatlantic circuits were sent between New York and London. Seven
million words or 300,000 radiograms transmitted the first
year.[citation needed]Alphanumeric messages have long been sent by
radio using viaRadiotelegraphy.[2]Digital information began being
sent using radio as early as 1971 by the University of Hawaii
usingALOHAnet.[citation needed]The concept of the SMS (Short
Messaging Service) was created by Friedhelm Hillebrand, while he
was working forDeutsche Telekom. Sitting at a typewriter at home,
Hillebrand typed out random sentences and counted every letter,
number, punctuation, and space. Almost every time, the messages
amounted to 160 characters, thus being the basis for the limit one
could type via text.[3]WithBernard GhillebaertofFrance Tlcom, he
developed a proposal for theGSMgroup meeting in February 1985 in
Oslo.[4]The first technical solution was developed in a GSM
subgroup under the leadership of Finn Trosby. It was further
developed under the leadership of Kevin Holley and Ian Harris (see
Wikipedia: Short Message Service).[5]SMS messaging was used for the
first time on 3 December 1992, whenNeil Papworth, a 22-year-old
test engineer forSema Groupin the UK[6](nowAirwide
Solutions),[7]used a personal computer to send the text message
"Merry Christmas" via theVodafonenetwork to the phone of Richard
Jarvis[8][9]who was at a party inNewbury, Berkshirewhich had been
organised to celebrate the event.Modern SMS text messaging is
understood to be messaging from one mobile phone to another mobile
phone. Radiolinja became the first network to offer commercial
person-to-person SMS text messaging service in 1994. When
Radiolinja's domestic competitor, Telecom Finland (now part of
TeliaSonera) also launched SMS text messaging in 1995 and the two
networks offered cross-network SMS functionality, Finland became
the first nation where SMS text messaging was offered as a
competitive as well as commercial basis.[citation needed]The first
text messaging service in the United States was provided by
American Personal Communications (APC), the first GSM carrier in
America. Sprint Telecommunications Venture, a partnership of Sprint
Corp. and three large cable TV companies, owned 49 percent of APC.
The Sprint venture was the largest single buyer at a government-run
spectrum auction that raised $7.7 billion in 2005 for PCS licenses.
APC operated under the brand name of Sprint Spectrum and launched
service on November 15, 1995 in Washington, D.C. and Baltimore,
Maryland. The initial call to launch the network was made from Vice
President Al Gore in Washington, D.C. to Mayor Kurt Schmoke in
Baltimore.[10]Soon to follow was Omnipoint
Communications.[11]Omnipoint's George Schmitt, a former Airtouch
executive[12]who launched commercial GSM in Germany, recruitedRoger
Wood[13]from competitor iDEN / Nextel led a team that introduced
texting as a commercial service in New York City in November
1996.[9]In preparation for the company's launch party in New York's
Central Park, Wood and co-worker Mark Caron[14]sent the first SMS
Text message of "George are you there?" to Schmitt during a Sunday
morning RF drive test on October 20, 1996. Omnipoint soon offered
the firsttextingbetween the U.S. and the rest of the
world.[15]Thetipping pointfor text messaging was the 1998 marketing
plan conceived by Wood which encouraged consumers to use texting as
the primary way to communicate with their home countries while
traveling overseas instead of calling home.[16]This positioning set
the stage for text messaging as the primary means of contact
between two or more people not in their home countries.[17]Initial
growth of text messaging was slow, with customers in 1995 sending
on average only 0.4 message per GSM customer per month.[18]One
factor in the slow take-up of SMS was that operators were slow to
set up charging systems, especially for prepaid subscribers, and
eliminate billing fraud, which was possible by changingSMSCsettings
on individual handsets to use the SMSCs of other operators. Over
time, this issue was eliminated by switch-billing instead of
billing at the SMSC and by new features within SMSCs to allow
blocking of foreign mobile users sending messages through
it.[citation needed]SMS is available on a wide range of networks,
including3Gnetworks. However, not all text messaging systems use
SMS, and some notable alternate implementations of the concept
includeJ-Phone'sSkyMailandNTT Docomo'sShort Mail, both in Japan.
E-mail messaging from phones, as popularized by NTT
Docomo'si-modeand the RIMBlackBerry, also typically use standard
mail protocols such asSMTPoverTCP/IP.[19]Today, text messaging is
the most widely used mobile data service, with 74% of all mobile
phone users worldwide, or 2.4 billion out of 3.3 billion phone
subscribers, at end of 2007 being active users of the Short Message
Service. In countries such as Finland, Sweden and Norway, over 85%
of the population use SMS. The European average is about 80%, and
North America is rapidly catching up with over 60% active users of
SMS by end of 2008. The largest average usage of the service by
mobile phone subscribers is in the Philippines, with an average of
27 texts sent per day by subscriber.Uses[edit]
An English text messaging interface on a mobile phoneText
messaging is most often used between private mobile phone users, as
a substitute for voice calls in situations where voice
communication is impossible or undesirable.Some text messages such
as SMS can also be used for the remote controlling of appliances.
It is widely used indomoticssystems. Some amateurs have also built
own systems to control (sText messaging, ortexting, is the act of
composing and sending brief, electronic messages between two or
more mobile phones, or fixed or portable devices over a phone
network. The term originally referred to messages sent using
theShort Message Service(SMS). It has grown to include messages
containing image, video, and sound content (known asMMSmessages).
The sender of a text message is known as atexter, while the service
itself has differentcolloquialismsdepending on the region. It may
simply be referred to as atextin North America, the United Kingdom,
Australia, New Zealand and the Philippines, anSMSin most of
mainland Europe, and anMMSorSMSin the Middle East, Africa, and
Asia.Text messages can be used to interact with automated systems
to, for example, to order products or services, or to participate
in contests. Advertisers and service providers usedirect text
marketingto message mobile phone users about promotions, payment
due dates, et cetera instead of using mail, e-mail orvoicemail.In a
straight and concise definition for the purposes of this English
language article,text messagingby phones or mobile phones should
include all 26 letters of the alphabet and 10 numerals, i.e.,
alpha-numeric messages, or text, to be sent by texter or received
by the textee.Contents[hide] 1History 2Uses 3Applications
3.1Microblogging 3.2Emergency services 3.3Reminders of hospital
appointments 3.4Commercial uses 3.4.1Short codes 3.4.2Text
messaging gateway providers 3.4.3Premium content 3.5In business
3.6Online SMS Services 3.7Worldwide use 3.7.1Europe 3.7.1.1Finland
3.7.2United States 3.7.3Japan 3.7.4China 3.7.5Philippines 3.7.6New
Zealand 3.7.7Africa 4Social impact 4.1Effect on language 4.2Texting
while driving 4.3Texting while walking 4.4Sexting 4.5In schools
4.5.1Bullying 4.5.2Influence on perceptions of the student 4.6Law
and crime 4.7Social unrest 4.8Texting in politics 4.9Use in
healthcare 4.10Medical concerns 4.11Texting etiquette 5Challenges
5.1Text message spam 5.2Pricing concerns 5.3Increasing competition
5.4Security concerns 6Text messaging in popular culture 6.1Records
and competition 6.2Morse code 7See also 8References 9External
linksHistory[edit]In 1933 RCA Communications, New York introduced
the first "telex" service.[1]The first messages over RCA
transatlantic circuits were sent between New York and London. Seven
million words or 300,000 radiograms transmitted the first
year.[citation needed]Alphanumeric messages have long been sent by
radio using viaRadiotelegraphy.[2]Digital information began being
sent using radio as early as 1971 by the University of Hawaii
usingALOHAnet.[citation needed]The concept of the SMS (Short
Messaging Service) was created by Friedhelm Hillebrand, while he
was working forDeutsche Telekom. Sitting at a typewriter at home,
Hillebrand typed out random sentences and counted every letter,
number, punctuation, and space. Almost every time, the messages
amounted to 160 characters, thus being the basis for the limit one
could type via text.[3]WithBernard GhillebaertofFrance Tlcom, he
developed a proposal for theGSMgroup meeting in February 1985 in
Oslo.[4]The first technical solution was developed in a GSM
subgroup under the leadership of Finn Trosby. It was further
developed under the leadership of Kevin Holley and Ian Harris (see
Wikipedia: Short Message Service).[5]SMS messaging was used for the
first time on 3 December 1992, whenNeil Papworth, a 22-year-old
test engineer forSema Groupin the UK[6](nowAirwide
Solutions),[7]used a personal computer to send the text message
"Merry Christmas" via theVodafonenetwork to the phone of Richard
Jarvis[8][9]who was at a party inNewbury, Berkshirewhich had been
organised to celebrate the event.Modern SMS text messaging is
understood to be messaging from one mobile phone to another mobile
phone. Radiolinja became the first network to offer commercial
person-to-person SMS text messaging service in 1994. When
Radiolinja's domestic competitor, Telecom Finland (now part of
TeliaSonera) also launched SMS text messaging in 1995 and the two
networks offered cross-network SMS functionality, Finland became
the first nation where SMS text messaging was offered as a
competitive as well as commercial basis.[citation needed]The first
text messaging service in the United States was provided by
American Personal Communications (APC), the first GSM carrier in
America. Sprint Telecommunications Venture, a partnership of Sprint
Corp. and three large cable TV companies, owned 49 percent of APC.
The Sprint venture was the largest single buyer at a government-run
spectrum auction that raised $7.7 billion in 2005 for PCS licenses.
APC operated under the brand name of Sprint Spectrum and launched
service on November 15, 1995 in Washington, D.C. and Baltimore,
Maryland. The initial call to launch the network was made from Vice
President Al Gore in Washington, D.C. to Mayor Kurt Schmoke in
Baltimore.[10]Soon to follow was Omnipoint
Communications.[11]Omnipoint's George Schmitt, a former Airtouch
executive[12]who launched commercial GSM in Germany, recruitedRoger
Wood[13]from competitor iDEN / Nextel led a team that introduced
texting as a commercial service in New York City in November
1996.[9]In preparation for the company's launch party in New York's
Central Park, Wood and co-worker Mark Caron[14]sent the first SMS
Text message of "George are you there?" to Schmitt during a Sunday
morning RF drive test on October 20, 1996. Omnipoint soon offered
the firsttextingbetween the U.S. and the rest of the
world.[15]Thetipping pointfor text messaging was the 1998 marketing
plan conceived by Wood which encouraged consumers to use texting as
the primary way to communicate with their home countries while
traveling overseas instead of calling home.[16]This positioning set
the stage for text messaging as the primary means of contact
between two or more people not in their home countries.[17]Initial
growth of text messaging was slow, with customers in 1995 sending
on average only 0.4 message per GSM customer per month.[18]One
factor in the slow take-up of SMS was that operators were slow to
set up charging systems, especially for prepaid subscribers, and
eliminate billing fraud, which was possible by changingSMSCsettings
on individual handsets to use the SMSCs of other operators. Over
time, this issue was eliminated by switch-billing instead of
billing at the SMSC and by new features within SMSCs to allow
blocking of foreign mobile users sending messages through
it.[citation needed]SMS is available on a wide range of networks,
including3Gnetworks. However, not all text messaging systems use
SMS, and some notable alternate implementations of the concept
includeJ-Phone'sSkyMailandNTT Docomo'sShort Mail, both in Japan.
E-mail messaging from phones, as popularized by NTT
Docomo'si-modeand the RIMBlackBerry, also typically use standard
mail protocols such asSMTPoverTCP/IP.[19]Today, text messaging is
the most widely used mobile data service, with 74% of all mobile
phone users worldwide, or 2.4 billion out of 3.3 billion phone
subscribers, at end of 2007 being active users of the Short Message
Service. In countries such as Finland, Sweden and Norway, over 85%
of the population use SMS. The European average is about 80%, and
North America is rapidly catching up with over 60% active users of
SMS by end of 2008. The largest average usage of the service by
mobile phone subscribers is in the Philippines, with an average of
27 texts sent per day by subscriber.Uses[edit]
An English text messaging interface on a mobile phoneText
messaging is most often used between private mobile phone users, as
a substitute for voice calls in situations where voice
communication is impossible or undesirable.Some text messages such
as SMS can also be used for the remote controlling of appliances.
It is widely used indomoticssystems. Some amateurs have also built
own systems to control (sText messaging, ortexting, is the act of
composing and sending brief, electronic messages between two or
more mobile phones, or fixed or portable devices over a phone
network. The term originally referred to messages sent using
theShort Message Service(SMS). It has grown to include messages
containing image, video, and sound content (known asMMSmessages).
The sender of a text message is known as atexter, while the service
itself has differentcolloquialismsdepending on the region. It may
simply be referred to as atextin North America, the United Kingdom,
Australia, New Zealand and the Philippines, anSMSin most of
mainland Europe, and anMMSorSMSin the Middle East, Africa, and
Asia.Text messages can be used to interact with automated systems
to, for example, to order products or services, or to participate
in contests. Advertisers and service providers usedirect text
marketingto message mobile phone users about promotions, payment
due dates, et cetera instead of using mail, e-mail orvoicemail.In a
straight and concise definition for the purposes of this English
language article,text messagingby phones or mobile phones should
include all 26 letters of the alphabet and 10 numerals, i.e.,
alpha-numeric messages, or text, to be sent by texter or received
by the textee.Contents[hide] 1History 2Uses 3Applications
3.1Microblogging 3.2Emergency services 3.3Reminders of hospital
appointments 3.4Commercial uses 3.4.1Short codes 3.4.2Text
messaging gateway providers 3.4.3Premium content 3.5In business
3.6Online SMS Services 3.7Worldwide use 3.7.1Europe 3.7.1.1Finland
3.7.2United States 3.7.3Japan 3.7.4China 3.7.5Philippines 3.7.6New
Zealand 3.7.7Africa 4Social impact 4.1Effect on language 4.2Texting
while driving 4.3Texting while walking 4.4Sexting 4.5In schools
4.5.1Bullying 4.5.2Influence on perceptions of the student 4.6Law
and crime 4.7Social unrest 4.8Texting in politics 4.9Use in
healthcare 4.10Medical concerns 4.11Texting etiquette 5Challenges
5.1Text message spam 5.2Pricing concerns 5.3Increasing competition
5.4Security concerns 6Text messaging in popular culture 6.1Records
and competition 6.2Morse code 7See also 8References 9External
linksHistory[edit]In 1933 RCA Communications, New York introduced
the first "telex" service.[1]The first messages over RCA
transatlantic circuits were sent between New York and London. Seven
million words or 300,000 radiograms transmitted the first
year.[citation needed]Alphanumeric messages have long been sent by
radio using viaRadiotelegraphy.[2]Digital information began being
sent using radio as early as 1971 by the University of Hawaii
usingALOHAnet.[citation needed]The concept of the SMS (Short
Messaging Service) was created by Friedhelm Hillebrand, while he
was working forDeutsche Telekom. Sitting at a typewriter at home,
Hillebrand typed out random sentences and counted every letter,
number, punctuation, and space. Almost every time, the messages
amounted to 160 characters, thus being the basis for the limit one
could type via text.[3]WithBernard GhillebaertofFrance Tlcom, he
developed a proposal for theGSMgroup meeting in February 1985 in
Oslo.[4]The first technical solution was developed in a GSM
subgroup under the leadership of Finn Trosby. It was further
developed under the leadership of Kevin Holley and Ian Harris (see
Wikipedia: Short Message Service).[5]SMS messaging was used for the
first time on 3 December 1992, whenNeil Papworth, a 22-year-old
test engineer forSema Groupin the UK[6](nowAirwide
Solutions),[7]used a personal computer to send the text message
"Merry Christmas" via theVodafonenetwork to the phone of Richard
Jarvis[8][9]who was at a party inNewbury, Berkshirewhich had been
organised to celebrate the event.Modern SMS text messaging is
understood to be messaging from one mobile phone to another mobile
phone. Radiolinja became the first network to offer commercial
person-to-person SMS text messaging service in 1994. When
Radiolinja's domestic competitor, Telecom Finland (now part of
TeliaSonera) also launched SMS text messaging in 1995 and the two
networks offered cross-network SMS functionality, Finland became
the first nation where SMS text messaging was offered as a
competitive as well as commercial basis.[citation needed]The first
text messaging service in the United States was provided by
American Personal Communications (APC), the first GSM carrier in
America. Sprint Telecommunications Venture, a partnership of Sprint
Corp. and three large cable TV companies, owned 49 percent of APC.
The Sprint venture was the largest single buyer at a government-run
spectrum auction that raised $7.7 billion in 2005 for PCS licenses.
APC operated under the brand name of Sprint Spectrum and launched
service on November 15, 1995 in Washington, D.C. and Baltimore,
Maryland. The initial call to launch the network was made from Vice
President Al Gore in Washington, D.C. to Mayor Kurt Schmoke in
Baltimore.[10]Soon to follow was Omnipoint
Communications.[11]Omnipoint's George Schmitt, a former Airtouch
executive[12]who launched commercial GSM in Germany, recruitedRoger
Wood[13]from competitor iDEN / Nextel led a team that introduced
texting as a commercial service in New York City in November
1996.[9]In preparation for the company's launch party in New York's
Central Park, Wood and co-worker Mark Caron[14]sent the first SMS
Text message of "George are you there?" to Schmitt during a Sunday
morning RF drive test on October 20, 1996. Omnipoint soon offered
the firsttextingbetween the U.S. and the rest of the
world.[15]Thetipping pointfor text messaging was the 1998 marketing
plan conceived by Wood which encouraged consumers to use texting as
the primary way to communicate with their home countries while
traveling overseas instead of calling home.[16]This positioning set
the stage for text messaging as the primary means of contact
between two or more people not in their home countries.[17]Initial
growth of text messaging was slow, with customers in 1995 sending
on average only 0.4 message per GSM customer per month.[18]One
factor in the slow take-up of SMS was that operators were slow to
set up charging systems, especially for prepaid subscribers, and
eliminate billing fraud, which was possible by changingSMSCsettings
on individual handsets to use the SMSCs of other operators. Over
time, this issue was eliminated by switch-billing instead of
billing at the SMSC and by new features within SMSCs to allow
blocking of foreign mobile users sending messages through
it.[citation needed]SMS is available on a wide range of networks,
including3Gnetworks. However, not all text messaging systems use
SMS, and some notable alternate implementations of the concept
includeJ-Phone'sSkyMailandNTT Docomo'sShort Mail, both in Japan.
E-mail messaging from phones, as popularized by NTT
Docomo'si-modeand the RIMBlackBerry, also typically use standard
mail protocols such asSMTPoverTCP/IP.[19]Today, text messaging is
the most widely used mobile data service, with 74% of all mobile
phone users worldwide, or 2.4 billion out of 3.3 billion phone
subscribers, at end of 2007 being active users of the Short Message
Service. In countries such as Finland, Sweden and Norway, over 85%
of the population use SMS. The European average is about 80%, and
North America is rapidly catching up with over 60% active users of
SMS by end of 2008. The largest average usage of the service by
mobile phone subscribers is in the Philippines, with an average of
27 texts sent per day by subscriber.Uses[edit]
An English text messaging interface on a mobile phoneText
messaging is most often used between private mobile phone users, as
a substitute for voice calls in situations where voice
communication is impossible or undesirable.Some text messages such
as SMS can also be used for the remote controlling of appliances.
It is widely used indomoticssystems. Some amateurs have also built
own systems to control (sText messaging, ortexting, is the act of
composing and sending brief, electronic messages between two or
more mobile phones, or fixed or portable devices over a phone
network. The term originally referred to messages sent using
theShort Message Service(SMS). It has grown to include messages
containing image, video, and sound content (known asMMSmessages).
The sender of a text message is known as atexter, while the service
itself has differentcolloquialismsdepending on the region. It may
simply be referred to as atextin North America, the United Kingdom,
Australia, New Zealand and the Philippines, anSMSin most of
mainland Europe, and anMMSorSMSin the Middle East, Africa, and
Asia.Text messages can be used to interact with automated systems
to, for example, to order products or services, or to participate
in contests. Advertisers and service providers usedirect text
marketingto message mobile phone users about promotions, payment
due dates, et cetera instead of using mail, e-mail orvoicemail.In a
straight and concise definition for the purposes of this English
language article,text messagingby phones or mobile phones should
include all 26 letters of the alphabet and 10 numerals, i.e.,
alpha-numeric messages, or text, to be sent by texter or received
by the textee.Contents[hide] 1History 2Uses 3Applications
3.1Microblogging 3.2Emergency services 3.3Reminders of hospital
appointments 3.4Commercial uses 3.4.1Short codes 3.4.2Text
messaging gateway providers 3.4.3Premium content 3.5In business
3.6Online SMS Services 3.7Worldwide use 3.7.1Europe 3.7.1.1Finland
3.7.2United States 3.7.3Japan 3.7.4China 3.7.5Philippines 3.7.6New
Zealand 3.7.7Africa 4Social impact 4.1Effect on language 4.2Texting
while driving 4.3Texting while walking 4.4Sexting 4.5In schools
4.5.1Bullying 4.5.2Influence on perceptions of the student 4.6Law
and crime 4.7Social unrest 4.8Texting in politics 4.9Use in
healthcare 4.10Medical concerns 4.11Texting etiquette 5Challenges
5.1Text message spam 5.2Pricing concerns 5.3Increasing competition
5.4Security concerns 6Text messaging in popular culture 6.1Records
and competition 6.2Morse code 7See also 8References 9External
linksHistory[edit]In 1933 RCA Communications, New York introduced
the first "telex" service.[1]The first messages over RCA
transatlantic circuits were sent between New York and London. Seven
million words or 300,000 radiograms transmitted the first
year.[citation needed]Alphanumeric messages have long been sent by
radio using viaRadiotelegraphy.[2]Digital information began being
sent using radio as early as 1971 by the University of Hawaii
usingALOHAnet.[citation needed]The concept of the SMS (Short
Messaging Service) was created by Friedhelm Hillebrand, while he
was working forDeutsche Telekom. Sitting at a typewriter at home,
Hillebrand typed out random sentences and counted every letter,
number, punctuation, and space. Almost every time, the messages
amounted to 160 characters, thus being the basis for the limit one
could type via text.[3]WithBernard GhillebaertofFrance Tlcom, he
developed a proposal for theGSMgroup meeting in February 1985 in
Oslo.[4]The first technical solution was developed in a GSM
subgroup under the leadership of Finn Trosby. It was further
developed under the leadership of Kevin Holley and Ian Harris (see
Wikipedia: Short Message Service).[5]SMS messaging was used for the
first time on 3 December 1992, whenNeil Papworth, a 22-year-old
test engineer forSema Groupin the UK[6](nowAirwide
Solutions),[7]used a personal computer to send the text message
"Merry Christmas" via theVodafonenetwork to the phone of Richard
Jarvis[8][9]who was at a party inNewbury, Berkshirewhich had been
organised to celebrate the event.Modern SMS text messaging is
understood to be messaging from one mobile phone to another mobile
phone. Radiolinja became the first network to offer commercial
person-to-person SMS text messaging service in 1994. When
Radiolinja's domestic competitor, Telecom Finland (now part of
TeliaSonera) also launched SMS text messaging in 1995 and the two
networks offered cross-network SMS functionality, Finland became
the first nation where SMS text messaging was offered as a
competitive as well as commercial basis.[citation needed]The first
text messaging service in the United States was provided by
American Personal Communications (APC), the first GSM carrier in
America. Sprint Telecommunications Venture, a partnership of Sprint
Corp. and three large cable TV companies, owned 49 percent of APC.
The Sprint venture was the largest single buyer at a government-run
spectrum auction that raised $7.7 billion in 2005 for PCS licenses.
APC operated under the brand name of Sprint Spectrum and launched
service on November 15, 1995 in Washington, D.C. and Baltimore,
Maryland. The initial call to launch the network was made from Vice
President Al Gore in Washington, D.C. to Mayor Kurt Schmoke in
Baltimore.[10]Soon to follow was Omnipoint
Communications.[11]Omnipoint's George Schmitt, a former Airtouch
executive[12]who launched commercial GSM in Germany, recruitedRoger
Wood[13]from competitor iDEN / Nextel led a team that introduced
texting as a commercial service in New York City in November
1996.[9]In preparation for the company's launch party in New York's
Central Park, Wood and co-worker Mark Caron[14]sent the first SMS
Text message of "George are you there?" to Schmitt during a Sunday
morning RF drive test on October 20, 1996. Omnipoint soon offered
the firsttextingbetween the U.S. and the rest of the
world.[15]Thetipping pointfor text messaging was the 1998 marketing
plan conceived by Wood which encouraged consumers to use texting as
the primary way to communicate with their home countries while
traveling overseas instead of calling home.[16]This positioning set
the stage for text messaging as the primary means of contact
between two or more people not in their home countries.[17]Initial
growth of text messaging was slow, with customers in 1995 sending
on average only 0.4 message per GSM customer per month.[18]One
factor in the slow take-up of SMS was that operators were slow to
set up charging systems, especially for prepaid subscribers, and
eliminate billing fraud, which was possible by changingSMSCsettings
on individual handsets to use the SMSCs of other operators. Over
time, this issue was eliminated by switch-billing instead of
billing at the SMSC and by new features within SMSCs to allow
blocking of foreign mobile users sending messages through
it.[citation needed]SMS is available on a wide range of networks,
including3Gnetworks. However, not all text messaging systems use
SMS, and some notable alternate implementations of the concept
includeJ-Phone'sSkyMailandNTT Docomo'sShort Mail, both in Japan.
E-mail messaging from phones, as popularized by NTT
Docomo'si-modeand the RIMBlackBerry, also typically use standard
mail protocols such asSMTPoverTCP/IP.[19]Today, text messaging is
the most widely used mobile data service, with 74% of all mobile
phone users worldwide, or 2.4 billion out of 3.3 billion phone
subscribers, at end of 2007 being active users of the Short Message
Service. In countries such as Finland, Sweden and Norway, over 85%
of the population use SMS. The European average is about 80%, and
North America is rapidly catching up with over 60% active users of
SMS by end of 2008. The largest average usage of the service by
mobile phone subscribers is in the Philippines, with an average of
27 texts sent per day by subscriber.Uses[edit]
An English text messaging interface on a mobile phoneText
messaging is most often used between private mobile phone users, as
a substitute for voice calls in situations where voice
communication is impossible or undesirable.Some text messages such
as SMS can also be used for the remote controlling of appliances.
It is widely used indomoticssystems. Some amateurs have also built
own systems to control (sText messaging, ortexting, is the act of
composing and sending brief, electronic messages between two or
more mobile phones, or fixed or portable devices over a phone
network. The term originally referred to messages sent using
theShort Message Service(SMS). It has grown to include messages
containing image, video, and sound content (known asMMSmessages).
The sender of a text message is known as atexter, while the service
itself has differentcolloquialismsdepending on the region. It may
simply be referred to as atextin North America, the United Kingdom,
Australia, New Zealand and the Philippines, anSMSin most of
mainland Europe, and anMMSorSMSin the Middle East, Africa, and
Asia.Text messages can be used to interact with automated systems
to, for example, to order products or services, or to participate
in contests. Advertisers and service providers usedirect text
marketingto message mobile phone users about promotions, payment
due dates, et cetera instead of using mail, e-mail orvoicemail.In a
straight and concise definition for the purposes of this English
language article,text messagingby phones or mobile phones should
include all 26 letters of the alphabet and 10 numerals, i.e.,
alpha-numeric messages, or text, to be sent by texter or received
by the textee.Contents[hide] 1History 2Uses 3Applications
3.1Microblogging 3.2Emergency services 3.3Reminders of hospital
appointments 3.4Commercial uses 3.4.1Short codes 3.4.2Text
messaging gateway providers 3.4.3Premium content 3.5In business
3.6Online SMS Services 3.7Worldwide use 3.7.1Europe 3.7.1.1Finland
3.7.2United States 3.7.3Japan 3.7.4China 3.7.5Philippines 3.7.6New
Zealand 3.7.7Africa 4Social impact 4.1Effect on language 4.2Texting
while driving 4.3Texting while walking 4.4Sexting 4.5In schools
4.5.1Bullying 4.5.2Influence on perceptions of the student 4.6Law
and crime 4.7Social unrest 4.8Texting in politics 4.9Use in
healthcare 4.10Medical concerns 4.11Texting etiquette 5Challenges
5.1Text message spam 5.2Pricing concerns 5.3Increasing competition
5.4Security concerns 6Text messaging in popular culture 6.1Records
and competition 6.2Morse code 7See also 8References 9External
linksHistory[edit]In 1933 RCA Communications, New York introduced
the first "telex" service.[1]The first messages over RCA
transatlantic circuits were sent between New York and London. Seven
million words or 300,000 radiograms transmitted the first
year.[citation needed]Alphanumeric messages have long been sent by
radio using viaRadiotelegraphy.[2]Digital information began being
sent using radio as early as 1971 by the University of Hawaii
usingALOHAnet.[citation needed]The concept of the SMS (Short
Messaging Service) was created by Friedhelm Hillebrand, while he
was working forDeutsche Telekom. Sitting at a typewriter at home,
Hillebrand typed out random sentences and counted every letter,
number, punctuation, and space. Almost every time, the messages
amounted to 160 characters, thus being the basis for the limit one
could type via text.[3]WithBernard GhillebaertofFrance Tlcom, he
developed a proposal for theGSMgroup meeting in February 1985 in
Oslo.[4]The first technical solution was developed in a GSM
subgroup under the leadership of Finn Trosby. It was further
developed under the leadership of Kevin Holley and Ian Harris (see
Wikipedia: Short Message Service).[5]SMS messaging was used for the
first time on 3 December 1992, whenNeil Papworth, a 22-year-old
test engineer forSema Groupin the UK[6](nowAirwide
Solutions),[7]used a personal computer to send the text message
"Merry Christmas" via theVodafonenetwork to the phone of Richard
Jarvis[8][9]who was at a party inNewbury, Berkshirewhich had been
organised to celebrate the event.Modern SMS text messaging is
understood to be messaging from one mobile phone to another mobile
phone. Radiolinja became the first network to offer commercial
person-to-person SMS text messaging service in 1994. When
Radiolinja's domestic competitor, Telecom Finland (now part of
TeliaSonera) also launched SMS text messaging in 1995 and the two
networks offered cross-network SMS functionality, Finland became
the first nation where SMS text messaging was offered as a
competitive as well as commercial basis.[citation needed]The first
text messaging service in the United States was provided by
American Personal Communications (APC), the first GSM carrier in
America. Sprint Telecommunications Venture, a partnership of Sprint
Corp. and three large cable TV companies, owned 49 percent of APC.
The Sprint venture was the largest single buyer at a government-run
spectrum auction that raised $7.7 billion in 2005 for PCS licenses.
APC operated under the brand name of Sprint Spectrum and launched
service on November 15, 1995 in Washington, D.C. and Baltimore,
Maryland. The initial call to launch the network was made from Vice
President Al Gore in Washington, D.C. to Mayor Kurt Schmoke in
Baltimore.[10]Soon to follow was Omnipoint
Communications.[11]Omnipoint's George Schmitt, a former Airtouch
executive[12]who launched commercial GSM in Germany, recruitedRoger
Wood[13]from competitor iDEN / Nextel led a team that introduced
texting as a commercial service in New York City in November
1996.[9]In preparation for the company's launch party in New York's
Central Park, Wood and co-worker Mark Caron[14]sent the first SMS
Text message of "George are you there?" to Schmitt during a Sunday
morning RF drive test on October 20, 1996. Omnipoint soon offered
the firsttextingbetween the U.S. and the rest of the
world.[15]Thetipping pointfor text messaging was the 1998 marketing
plan conceived by Wood which encouraged consumers to use texting as
the primary way to communicate with their home countries while
traveling overseas instead of calling home.[16]This positioning set
the stage for text messaging as the primary means of contact
between two or more people not in their home countries.[17]Initial
growth of text messaging was slow, with customers in 1995 sending
on average only 0.4 message per GSM customer per month.[18]One
factor in the slow take-up of SMS was that operators were slow to
set up charging systems, especially for prepaid subscribers, and
eliminate billing fraud, which was possible by changingSMSCsettings
on individual handsets to use the SMSCs of other operators. Over
time, this issue was eliminated by switch-billing instead of
billing at the SMSC and by new features within SMSCs to allow
blocking of foreign mobile users sending messages through
it.[citation needed]SMS is available on a wide range of networks,
including3Gnetworks. However, not all text messaging systems use
SMS, and some notable alternate implementations of the concept
includeJ-Phone'sSkyMailandNTT Docomo'sShort Mail, both in Japan.
E-mail messaging from phones, as popularized by NTT
Docomo'si-modeand the RIMBlackBerry, also typically use standard
mail protocols such asSMTPoverTCP/IP.[19]Today, text messaging is
the most widely used mobile data service, with 74% of all mobile
phone users worldwide, or 2.4 billion out of 3.3 billion phone
subscribers, at end of 2007 being active users of the Short Message
Service. In countries such as Finland, Sweden and Norway, over 85%
of the population use SMS. The European average is about 80%, and
North America is rapidly catching up with over 60% active users of
SMS by end of 2008. The largest average usage of the service by
mobile phone subscribers is in the Philippines, with an average of
27 texts sent per day by subscriber.Uses[edit]
An English text messaging interface on a mobile phoneText
messaging is most often used between private mobile phone users, as
a substitute for voice calls in situations where voice
communication is impossible or undesirable.Some text messages such
as SMS can also be used for the remote controlling of appliances.
It is widely used indomoticssystems. Some amateurs have also built
own systems to control (sText messaging, ortexting, is the act of
composing and sending brief, electronic messages between two or
more mobile phones, or fixed or portable devices over a phone
network. The term originally referred to messages sent using
theShort Message Service(SMS). It has grown to include messages
containing image, video, and sound content (known asMMSmessages).
The sender of a text message is known as atexter, while the service
itself has differentcolloquialismsdepending on the region. It may
simply be referred to as atextin North America, the United Kingdom,
Australia, New Zealand and the Philippines, anSMSin most of
mainland Europe, and anMMSorSMSin the Middle East, Africa, and
Asia.Text messages can be used to interact with automated systems
to, for example, to order products or services, or to participate
in contests. Advertisers and service providers usedirect text
marketingto message mobile phone users about promotions, payment
due dates, et cetera instead of using mail, e-mail orvoicemail.In a
straight and concise definition for the purposes of this English
language article,text messagingby phones or mobile phones should
include all 26 letters of the alphabet and 10 numerals, i.e.,
alpha-numeric messages, or text, to be sent by texter or received
by the textee.Contents[hide] 1History 2Uses 3Applications
3.1Microblogging 3.2Emergency services 3.3Reminders of hospital
appointments 3.4Commercial uses 3.4.1Short codes 3.4.2Text
messaging gateway providers 3.4.3Premium content 3.5In business
3.6Online SMS Services 3.7Worldwide use 3.7.1Europe 3.7.1.1Finland
3.7.2United States 3.7.3Japan 3.7.4China 3.7.5Philippines 3.7.6New
Zealand 3.7.7Africa 4Social impact 4.1Effect on language 4.2Texting
while driving 4.3Texting while walking 4.4Sexting 4.5In schools
4.5.1Bullying 4.5.2Influence on perceptions of the student 4.6Law
and crime 4.7Social unrest 4.8Texting in politics 4.9Use in
healthcare 4.10Medical concerns 4.11Texting etiquette 5Challenges
5.1Text message spam 5.2Pricing concerns 5.3Increasing competition
5.4Security concerns 6Text messaging in popular culture 6.1Records
and competition 6.2Morse code 7See also 8References 9External
linksHistory[edit]In 1933 RCA Communications, New York introduced
the first "telex" service.[1]The first messages over RCA
transatlantic circuits were sent between New York and London. Seven
million words or 300,000 radiograms transmitted the first
year.[citation needed]Alphanumeric messages have long been sent by
radio using viaRadiotelegraphy.[2]Digital information began being
sent using radio as early as 1971 by the University of Hawaii
usingALOHAnet.[citation needed]The concept of the SMS (Short
Messaging Service) was created by Friedhelm Hillebrand, while he
was working forDeutsche Telekom. Sitting at a typewriter at home,
Hillebrand typed out random sentences and counted every letter,
number, punctuation, and space. Almost every time, the messages
amounted to 160 characters, thus being the basis for the limit one
could type via text.[3]WithBernard GhillebaertofFrance Tlcom, he
developed a proposal for theGSMgroup meeting in February 1985 in
Oslo.[4]The first technical solution was developed in a GSM
subgroup under the leadership of Finn Trosby. It was further
developed under the leadership of Kevin Holley and Ian Harris (see
Wikipedia: Short Message Service).[5]SMS messaging was used for the
first time on 3 December 1992, whenNeil Papworth, a 22-year-old
test engineer forSema Groupin the UK[6](nowAirwide
Solutions),[7]used a personal computer to send the text message
"Merry Christmas" via theVodafonenetwork to the phone of Richard
Jarvis[8][9]who was at a party inNewbury, Berkshirewhich had been
organised to celebrate the event.Modern SMS text messaging is
understood to be messaging from one mobile phone to another mobile
phone. Radiolinja became the first network to offer commercial
person-to-person SMS text messaging service in 1994. When
Radiolinja's domestic competitor, Telecom Finland (now part of
TeliaSonera) also launched SMS text messaging in 1995 and the two
networks offered cross-network SMS functionality, Finland became
the first nation where SMS text messaging was offered as a
competitive as well as commercial basis.[citation needed]The first
text messaging service in the United States was provided by
American Personal Communications (APC), the first GSM carrier in
America. Sprint Telecommunications Venture, a partnership of Sprint
Corp. and three large cable TV companies, owned 49 percent of APC.
The Sprint venture was the largest single buyer at a government-run
spectrum auction that raised $7.7 billion in 2005 for PCS licenses.
APC operated under the brand name of Sprint Spectrum and launched
service on November 15, 1995 in Washington, D.C. and Baltimore,
Maryland. The initial call to launch the network was made from Vice
President Al Gore in Washington, D.C. to Mayor Kurt Schmoke in
Baltimore.[10]Soon to follow was Omnipoint
Communications.[11]Omnipoint's George Schmitt, a former Airtouch
executive[12]who launched commercial GSM in Germany, recruitedRoger
Wood[13]from competitor iDEN / Nextel led a team that introduced
texting as a commercial service in New York City in November
1996.[9]In preparation for the company's launch party in New York's
Central Park, Wood and co-worker Mark Caron[14]sent the first SMS
Text message of "George are you there?" to Schmitt during a Sunday
morning RF drive test on October 20, 1996. Omnipoint soon offered
the firsttextingbetween the U.S. and the rest of the
world.[15]Thetipping pointfor text messaging was the 1998 marketing
plan conceived by Wood which encouraged consumers to use texting as
the primary way to communicate with their home countries while
traveling overseas instead of calling home.[16]This positioning set
the stage for text messaging as the primary means of contact
between two or more people not in their home countries.[17]Initial
growth of text messaging was slow, with customers in 1995 sending
on average only 0.4 message per GSM customer per month.[18]One
factor in the slow take-up of SMS was that operators were slow to
set up charging systems, especially for prepaid subscribers, and
eliminate billing fraud, which was possible by changingSMSCsettings
on individual handsets to use the SMSCs of other operators. Over
time, this issue was eliminated by switch-billing instead of
billing at the SMSC and by new features within SMSCs to allow
blocking of foreign mobile users sending messages through
it.[citation needed]SMS is available on a wide range of networks,
including3Gnetworks. However, not all text messaging systems use
SMS, and some notable alternate implementations of the concept
includeJ-Phone'sSkyMailandNTT Docomo'sShort Mail, both in Japan.
E-mail messaging from phones, as popularized by NTT
Docomo'si-modeand the RIMBlackBerry, also typically use standard
mail protocols such asSMTPoverTCP/IP.[19]Today, text messaging is
the most widely used mobile data service, with 74% of all mobile
phone users worldwide, or 2.4 billion out of 3.3 billion phone
subscribers, at end of 2007 being active users of the Short Message
Service. In countries such as Finland, Sweden and Norway, over 85%
of the population use SMS. The European average is about 80%, and
North America is rapidly catching up with over 60% active users of
SMS by end of 2008. The largest average usage of the service by
mobile phone subscribers is in the Philippines, with an average of
27 texts sent per day by subscriber.Uses[edit]
An English text messaging interface on a mobile phoneText
messaging is most often used between private mobile phone users, as
a substitute for voice calls in situations where voice
communication is impossible or undesirable.Some text messages such
as SMS can also be used for the remote controlling of appliances.
It is widely used indomoticssystems. Some amateurs have also built
own systems to control (sText messaging, ortexting, is the act of
composing and sending brief, electronic messages between two or
more mobile phones, or fixed or portable devices over a phone
network. The term originally referred to messages sent using
theShort Message Service(SMS). It has grown to include messages
containing image, video, and sound content (known asMMSmessages).
The sender of a text message is known as atexter, while the service
itself has differentcolloquialismsdepending on the region. It may
simply be referred to as atextin North America, the United Kingdom,
Australia, New Zealand and the Philippines, anSMSin most of
mainland Europe, and anMMSorSMSin the Middle East, Africa, and
Asia.Text messages can be used to interact with automated systems
to, for example, to order products or services, or to participate
in contests. Advertisers and service providers usedirect text
marketingto message mobile phone users about promotions, payment
due dates, et cetera instead of using mail, e-mail orvoicemail.In a
straight and concise definition for the purposes of this English
language article,text messagingby phones or mobile phones should
include all 26 letters of the alphabet and 10 numerals, i.e.,
alpha-numeric messages, or text, to be sent by texter or received
by the textee.Contents[hide] 1History 2Uses 3Applications
3.1Microblogging 3.2Emergency services 3.3Reminders of hospital
appointments 3.4Commercial uses 3.4.1Short codes 3.4.2Text
messaging gateway providers 3.4.3Premium content 3.5In business
3.6Online SMS Services 3.7Worldwide use 3.7.1Europe 3.7.1.1Finland
3.7.2United States 3.7.3Japan 3.7.4China 3.7.5Philippines 3.7.6New
Zealand 3.7.7Africa 4Social impact 4.1Effect on language 4.2Texting
while driving 4.3Texting while walking 4.4Sexting 4.5In schools
4.5.1Bullying 4.5.2Influence on perceptions of the student 4.6Law
and crime 4.7Social unrest 4.8Texting in politics 4.9Use in
healthcare 4.10Medical concerns 4.11Texting etiquette 5Challenges
5.1Text message spam 5.2Pricing concerns 5.3Increasing competition
5.4Security concerns 6Text messaging in popular culture 6.1Records
and competition 6.2Morse code 7See also 8References 9External
linksHistory[edit]In 1933 RCA Communications, New York introduced
the first "telex" service.[1]The first messages over RCA
transatlantic circuits were sent between New York and London. Seven
million words or 300,000 radiograms transmitted the first
year.[citation needed]Alphanumeric messages have long been sent by
radio using viaRadiotelegraphy.[2]Digital information began being
sent using radio as early as 1971 by the University of Hawaii
usingALOHAnet.[citation needed]The concept of the SMS (Short
Messaging Service) was created by Friedhelm Hillebrand, while he
was working forDeutsche Telekom. Sitting at a typewriter at home,
Hillebrand typed out random sentences and counted every letter,
number, punctuation, and space. Almost every time, the messages
amounted to 160 characters, thus being the basis for the limit one
could type via text.[3]WithBernard GhillebaertofFrance Tlcom, he
developed a proposal for theGSMgroup meeting in February 1985 in
Oslo.[4]The first technical solution was developed in a GSM
subgroup under the leadership of Finn Trosby. It was further
developed under the leadership of Kevin Holley and Ian Harris (see
Wikipedia: Short Message Service).[5]SMS messaging was used for the
first time on 3 December 1992, whenNeil Papworth, a 22-year-old
test engineer forSema Groupin the UK[6](nowAirwide
Solutions),[7]used a personal computer to send the text message
"Merry Christmas" via theVodafonenetwork to the phone of Richard
Jarvis[8][9]who was at a party inNewbury, Berkshirewhich had been
organised to celebrate the event.Modern SMS text messaging is
understood to be messaging from one mobile phone to another mobile
phone. Radiolinja became the first network to offer commercial
person-to-person SMS text messaging service in 1994. When
Radiolinja's domestic competitor, Telecom Finland (now part of
TeliaSonera) also launched SMS text messaging in 1995 and the two
networks offered cross-network SMS functionality, Finland became
the first nation where SMS text messaging was offered as a
competitive as well as commercial basis.[citation needed]The first
text messaging service in the United States was provided by
American Personal Communications (APC), the first GSM carrier in
America. Sprint Telecommunications Venture, a partnership of Sprint
Corp. and three large cable TV companies, owned 49 percent of APC.
The Sprint venture was the largest single buyer at a government-run
spectrum auction that raised $7.7 billion in 2005 for PCS licenses.
APC operated under the brand name of Sprint Spectrum and launched
service on November 15, 1995 in Washington, D.C. and Baltimore,
Maryland. The initial call to launch the network was made from Vice
President Al Gore in Washington, D.C. to Mayor Kurt Schmoke in
Baltimore.[10]Soon to follow was Omnipoint
Communications.[11]Omnipoint's George Schmitt, a former Airtouch
executive[12]who launched commercial GSM in Germany, recruitedRoger
Wood[13]from competitor iDEN / Nextel led a team that introduced
texting as a commercial service in New York City in November
1996.[9]In preparation for the company's launch party in New York's
Central Park, Wood and co-worker Mark Caron[14]sent the first SMS
Text message of "George are you there?" to Schmitt during a Sunday
morning RF drive test on October 20, 1996. Omnipoint soon offered
the firsttextingbetween the U.S. and the rest of the
world.[15]Thetipping pointfor text messaging was the 1998 marketing
plan conceived by Wood which encouraged consumers to use texting as
the primary way to communicate with their home countries while
traveling overseas instead of calling home.[16]This positioning set
the stage for text messaging as the primary means of contact
between two or more people not in their home countries.[17]Initial
growth of text messaging was slow, with customers in 1995 sending
on average only 0.4 message per GSM customer per month.[18]One
factor in the slow take-up of SMS was that operators were slow to
set up charging systems, especially for prepaid subscribers, and
eliminate billing fraud, which was possible by changingSMSCsettings
on individual handsets to use the SMSCs of other operators. Over
time, this issue was eliminated by switch-billing instead of
billing at the SMSC and by new features within SMSCs to allow
blocking of foreign mobile users sending messages through
it.[citation needed]SMS is available on a wide range of networks,
including3Gnetworks. However, not all text messaging systems use
SMS, and some notable alternate implementations of the concept
includeJ-Phone'sSkyMailandNTT Docomo'sShort Mail, both in Japan.
E-mail messaging from phones, as popularized by NTT
Docomo'si-modeand the RIMBlackBerry, also typically use standard
mail protocols such asSMTPoverTCP/IP.[19]Today, text messaging is
the most widely used mobile data service, with 74% of all mobile
phone users worldwide, or 2.4 billion out of 3.3 billion phone
subscribers, at end of 2007 being active users of the Short Message
Service. In countries such as Finland, Sweden and Norway, over 85%
of the population use SMS. The European average is about 80%, and
North America is rapidly catching up with over 60% active users of
SMS by end of 2008. The largest average usage of the service by
mobile phone subscribers is in the Philippines, with an average of
27 texts sent per day by subscriber.Uses[edit]
An English text messaging interface on a mobile phoneText
messaging is most often used between private mobile phone users, as
a substitute for voice calls in situations where voice
communication is impossible or undesirable.Some text messages such
as SMS can also be used for the remote controlling of appliances.
It is widely used indomoticssystems. Some amateurs have also built
own systems to control (s
