HIV Prevalence: Data from the 2010-11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey

The 2010-11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) included HIV testing of 7,313 women age 15-49 and 6,584 men age 15-54. According to the survey, 15% of Zimbabweans age 15-49 are HIV-positive.

HIV prevalence is highest in Matabeleland South where over 1 in 5 adults age 15-49 are HIV-positive. HIV prevalence is lowest in Harare (13%).

Overall, 18% of women and 12% of men are HIV-positive. HIV prevalence is slightly higher in urban areas than in rural areas.

Women become infected at younger ages than men. Prevalence for both women and men increases with age until it peaks at ages 30-39 for women (29%) and at age 45-49 for men (30%).

There is no clear relationship between educational level and HIV prevalence among women; however, among men, HIV prevalence decreases as education increases.

There has been a slight decrease in Zimbabwe’s HIV prevalence since the estimate published in the 2005-06 ZDHS.

There is no clear relationship between wealth and HIV prevalence among women or men.

71% of women and 51% of men who tested HIV-positive in the 2010-11 ZDHS had been tested previously for HIV and

received the results of that test.

Overall, 34% of women and 21% of men had been tested for HIV and received the

results in the past year.

HIV Prevalence

Zimbabwe Urban Rural

Women 15-49 Men 15-49 Total 15-49

18

1215

20

1317 17

1215

HIV Prevalence by EducationWomen 15-49 Men 15-49

No education

Primary

15 1620

14

Secondary

17

12

More than secondary

14

9

HIV Prevalence by Household Wealth Quintile

1715 16

12

20

12

20

12

16

12

Richesthouseholds

Women 15-49 Men 15-49

Pooresthouseholds

Trends in HIV Prevalence

1815 15

2118

12

Women15-49

Men15-49

2005-06 ZDHS 2010-11 ZDHS

Total15-49

0

10

20

30

15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49

Women

Men

HIV Prevalence by Age

Age

Perc

ent

HIV Prevalence by Province

Zimbabwe15%

Matabeleland North18%

Mashonaland West15%

Midlands15%

Matabeleland South21%

Masvingo14%

Manicaland14%

Mashonaland Central

14%

Harare13%

Bulawayo19%

Mashonaland East 16%

2010-11 ZimbabweDemographic and Health Survey (ZDHS)

HIV Prevalence

Response rates and methodology: HIV prevalence data were obtained from testing dried blood spot (DBS) samples voluntarily provided by women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 who were interviewed in the 2010-11 ZDHS. The DBS were collected using the finger stick method. Of the 18,554 eligible respondents, 75% were both interviewed and provided DBS specimens. Coverage rates were higher in rural areas (83%) than in urban areas (63%).

For more information on the results of the 2010-11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey, please contact:

The 2010-11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) was implemented by the Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT). ICF International provided technical assistance to the project through the MEASURE Demographic and Health Surveys programme (MEASURE DHS). The survey was funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID), the European Union (EU), and the Government of Zimbabwe.

In USA:MEASURE DHS ICF International 11785 Beltsville DriveCalverton, MD 20705 USA Telephone: 301-572-0200 Fax: 301-572-0999 www.measuredhs.com

In Zimbabwe:Zimbabwe National Statistics AgencyP.O. Box CY 342 CausewayHarare, Zimbabwe Telephone: (263-4) 793-971/2 and 797-756 E-mail: census@mweb.co.zw

In general, HIV prevalence increases with number of lifetime sexual partners among both women and men. Almost half of women with 5-9 lifetime partners are HIV-positive.

For women and men, HIV prevalence is highest among those who are widowed. HIV prevalence is also high among divorced and separated men and women. Women and men who have never been married are least likely to be HIV-positive.

HIV Prevalence by Marital Status

8 4

16 1829 31

Women 15-49 Men 15-49

Nevermarried

Married/living together

Divorced/separated

Widowed

5661

HIV Prevalence by Number of Lifetime Partners Percentage HIV-positive among women and men age 15-49

who ever had sex and were tested for HIV

32

12 14

47

21

Women 15-49 Men 15-49

2 3-4 5-9 10+

27

Number of lifetime partners

41

124

1

41