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Class 10: Herbs and Formulas

That Release The Exterior

Fayi Wu

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Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (Bai zhi)

Taste and Property: acrid, warm

Meridian Tropism: lung, stomach, and spleen

Actions:expels wind, drys dampness, unblocks the nasalpassages, and alleviates pain; reduces swelling and expels pus;drys dampness and alleviates discharges

Indications: For wind-cold, especially those with headache, also for

supraorbital pain, nasal congestion, and toothache, it can beused for any problem due to wind invading the yang mingchannels of the head. used with gao ben, ge gen for headache.

For early stages of superficial sores and carbuncles.

Used for vaginal discharge due to dampness in the lower burner Dosage: 3-9g

Contraindications:yin deficiency and heat in the blood

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Herba Asari (Xi xin)

Taste and Property: acrid, warm

Meridian Tropism: LU, KI Actions: disperses cold and releases the exterior, disperse wind,

relieves pain, warms lungs and transforms thin mucus, unblocks andfacilitates the orifices

Indications: For any exterior cold pattern, especially with the addition of dampness or

underlying yang deficiency.

For pain due to wind and/or cold anywhere in the body, particularlyheadache, painful obstruction, abdominal pain or toothache.

For cough, with copious, watery sputum, fullness in the chest.

For various types of nasal congestion, oral pathology, and some types ofloss of consciousness, all of which impair the clear orifices of the head, as apowder blown into the nose for acute loss of consciousness

Dosage: 1-3g Contraindications:profuse sweating from qi deficiency, or headaches

or cough due to yin deficiency

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Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (Sheng jiang)

Taste and Property: acrid, slightly warm

Meridian Tropism: LU, SP, and ST

Actions: disperses cold and releases the exterior; warm the middleburner and alleviates vomiting; warms the lungs and stops cough;resolves toxicity

Indications: For exterior cold pattern.

For cold in the stomach, especially when there is vomiting.

For cough due to both acute wind-cold cough patterns and chronic lungdisorders with phlegm

For resolving toxicity or treating the effects of overdose of other herbs

Dosage: 3-9g

Contraindications: profuse sweating from exterior deficiency, or heatdue to yin deficiency or any pattern

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Herba Elsholtziae (Xiang ru)

Taste and Nature: Acrid, aromatic and slightly warm

Channel tropism: Lung and stomach

Actions: induces sweating and releases the exterior; drains dampnessand harmonizes middle jiao; promotes urination and reduces swelling

Indications:

For exterior syndrome of wind cold in summer which is marked by affectionof wind cold externally and obstruction of dampness in the interior, with suchsymptoms as chills and fever, headache, absence of sweating body aches,abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea.

For edema and urinary difficulty, especially caused by obstruction of lung qidue to invasion of exogenous pathogens, not used for other types of edema.

Dosage: 3-9g.

Contraindications:profuse sweating from exterior deficiency

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Flos Magnoliae (Xin yi hua)

Taste and Nature: Acrid, warm

Channel tropism: Lung and stomach

Actions: disperses wind cold, clears the nasal

passages, relieves sinus headache Indications:

For exterior syndrome of wind cold such symptoms asnasal obstruction or congestion, nasal discharge, lack ofsmell, sinus problems, or related headache.

Dosage: 3-9g. Contraindications:fire from yin deficiency

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Release wind heat

Herba Menthae (Bo he) Taste and Nature: Acrid, aromatic, cooling

Channel tropism: Lung and liver

Actions: disperses wind-heat, clears and benefits the head, eyes andthroat; vents rash; soothes liver

Indications:

For patterns of wind-heat with fever, cough, headache, red eyes, and sorethroat.

Used in the early stages of rashes to induce the rash to come to the surface.

For constrained liver qi with such symptoms as pressure in the chest orflanks, emotional instability, and gynecological problems.

Dosage: 3-6g. Added near end.

Contraindications:profuse sweating from exterior deficiency

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Fructus Arctii (Niu bang zi)

Taste and Nature: Acrid, bitter, cold

Channel tropism: LU, ST

Actions: disperses wind-heat, benefits the throat; resolvestoxicity and vents rashes; moistens the intestines

Indications: For patterns of wind-heat with fever, cough, and sore, red,

swollen throat.

For red swellings, carbuncles and rashes including the earlystages of measles

For internal heat causing constipation

Dosage: 6-12g. Contraindications:used with caution in case of qi deficiency,

diarrhea, or in the absence of excessive heat

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Periost Cicadae (Chan tui)

Taste and Nature: Sweet, salty, slight cold Channel tropism: LU, LV

Actions: disperses wind-heat; vents rash; clears the eyes andremoves superficial visual obstruction, stops spasms andextinguishes wind

Indications: For patterns of wind-heat, especially with loss of voice and

swollen, sore throat.

For early stage of measles with incomplete expression of therashes.

For wind heat eye problems such as red, painful and swolleneyes or blurry vision.

For childhood febrile diseases in which wind causes convulsions,spasms, delirium or night terrors

Dosage: 3-9g.

Contraindications:used with caution in patients who might bepregnant

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Folium Mori (Sang ye)

Taste and Property: Sweet, bitter, slightly cold

Meridian Tropism: Lung and liver

Actions: Expel wind-heat from the lung; clear lung heat andmoisten dryness; clear liver heat to treat eye disorders; Coolblood and stop bleeding,

Indications:

Wind heat exterior pattern, used together with Bo He, Sang Ye,Jie Geng for wind heat exterior pattern marked by cough.

Cough and dry throat due to dry heat impairing the lung.

For eye problems due to liver heat from excess, wind-heat, or yindeficiency, also for vertigo due to liver yang rising.

For mild cases of hematemesis due to blood heat

Dosage:4.5-9g. Used after prepared with honey for lungdryness.

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Flos chrysanthemi (Ju hua)

Taste and Property: Sweet, bitter, slightly cold

Meridian Tropism: Lung and liver

Actions: disperses wind and clears heat; calms liver and clearseyes, extinguishes wind; resolves toxicity

Indications: Wind heat exterior pattern, used together with Bo He, Sang Ye,

Jie Geng for wind heat exterior pattern marked by cough.

Red, swollen and painful eyes due to wind heat in the eyes orupward attack of liver fire.

Vertigo of eyes due to deficiency of both liver and kidney yin.

For dizziness, headache, deafness, convulsions due toascendant liver yang and liver wind.

Dosage:4.5-15g

Contraindications:Headache or dizziness caused by blooddeficiency with fire.

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Fructus Viticis (Man jing zi)

Taste and Property: Bitter, acrid and cool

Meridian Tropism: Liver, stomach and bladder

Actions:Disperse wind heat; Clear and benefit the eyes andhead; Drain dampness and expels wind

Indications: For wind heat exterior pattern with headache or eye pain.

For wind heat in the liver channels manifesting as excessivetearing, red, painful, or swollen eyes, or spots in front of the eyes

As a auxiliary herb for wind dampness in the limbs causingstiffness, numbness, cramping, or heaviness.

Dosage: 6-12g.

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Semen Sojae Preparatum (Dan dou chi)

Taste and Property:Sweet, acrid, slightly bitter andcold or warm

Meridian Tropism:lung and stomach

Actions: Relieves exterior, eliminates irritability

Indications: For either cold or heat exterior disorders or with yin

deficiency. Used with cong bai.

For restlessness, irritability and insomnia due to heat

invading into the chest and diaphragm. Dosage:6-12g.

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Radix Puerariae (Ge gen)

Taste and Property:Sweet, acrid and cool

Meridian Tropism: spleen and stomach

Actions: discharges exterior and releases the muscles andclears heat, vents measles, raises yang to relieve diarrhea;clears heat and generates fluids

Indications: For exterior conditions lodged in the muscles manifesting with

fever, headache and stiff or tight upper back or neck.

For incomplete expression of rashes

For irritability and thirst from externally-contracted heat or wastingand thirsting diseases with internal heat

Used to treat diarrhea of either heat or deficiency cold.

For hypertension

Dosage: 6-24g. use the roasted one for diarrhea due to spleendeficiency.

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Radix Bupleuri (Chai hu)

Taste and Property:Bitter, acrid and slightly cold

Meridian Tropism: PC, LV, SJ, GB

Actions: Reduces fever by harmonizing and relieving shaoyang;relieves stagnation of liver qi; lifts yang Qi

Indications:

Used as the most important herb for shaoyang pattern marked byalternate attack of fever and chills, fullness in the hypochondrium,bitter taste in the mouth, dry mouth and vertigo.

For liver qi stagnation such as distending pain in thehypochondrium, headache, irregular menstruation,dysmenorrhea, etc.

Prolapse of rectum or uterus or shortness of breath or lassitudedue to sinking of deficient qi.

Dosage: 3-9g

Contraindications: Not used for true yin deficiency withhyperactivity of liver yang

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Rhizoma Cimicifugae (Sheng ma)

Taste and Property:sweet, acrid and slightly cold

Meridian Tropism: LI, LU, SP, ST

Actions: relieves exterior and vents measles; clears heat and resolvestoxicity; lifts yang Qi

Indications: For headache due to exterior wind-heat or the early stages of measles, used

with ge gen.

For fire toxin in the upper or superficial aspects of the body, such as soreteeth, swollen or painful gums, ulcerated lips or gums, canker sores painfuland swollen throat, sores.

Prolapse of rectum or uterus or shortness of breath or lassitude due tosinking of deficient qi.

Dosage: 3-9g Contraindications: Not used for true yin deficiency with hyperactivity of

liver yang

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Cyperus and Perilla Leaf

Powder (xiang su san)

Ingredients: zi su ye, xiang fu, chen pi,

zhi gan cao

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Actions and indications of the formula

Actions

Regulates qi and releases the exterior.

Indications

Fever and chills without sweating, headache, focal

distention and stifling sensation in the chest and

epigastrium, poor appetite, belching, a thin white

tongue coating, and a floating pulse.

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Analysis of Formula

Chief: zi su ye Releases exterior wind-cold and facilitates the

flow of qi in the interior

Deputy: xiang fu

Releases constraint and disperses stagnation Assistant: chen pi

Helps regulate qi

Envoy: Gan cao Harmonizes actions of the other herbs and

strengthens the stomach, prevents the qi-regulating herbs from depleting the qi

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Modern application and modifications

Modern application:

Disorder of upper respiratory tract infection

and stomach flu.

Modifications:

For severe headache, add man jing zi

For coughing with copious sputum, add suzi, ban xia

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Elsholtzia Powder (xiang ru

san)

Ingredients: xiang ru, bai bian dou, hou

po

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Actions and indications of the formula

Actions Releases the exterior, scatters cold, transforms

dampness, and harmonizes the middle burner.

Indications Aversion to cold with skin that is warm to touch,

an absence of sweating, a sensation of heavinessin the head, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting,diarrhea, a stifling sensation in the chest, fatiguedextremities, a white, greasy tongue coating and afloating pulse.

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Analysis of Formula

Chief: xiang ru Releases exterior, harmonizes the ascending and

descending functions of the spleen, and disperses

stagnant fluids by dispelling cold and dampness

from the middle burner Deputy: bai bian dou

Strengthens spleen and drain dampness

Assistant: hou po Expels dampness and disperses fullness

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Modern application and modifications

Modern application:

Disorder of upper respiratory tract infection,gastroenteritis, bacillary dysentery, and

cholera. Modifications:

For stronger exterior presentation, add qing

hao For severe cold with nasal obstruction, take

with cong chi tang