HOLISTIC RESILIENT GREEN SCHOOL

BY: CRIS CYRIL C. ABBU, FPIA, UAP, IFHP + MYLA GADOR, UAP, PIA + JOY LIM ABBU

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DOST 7

The Philippines

is Located at Circum Pacific

Seismic Belt

Western Pacific

Rim

It is highly vulnerable and subject

to all kind of hazards such as storms, typhoons, earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruption, droughts, landslide and other kinds of natural hazards.

The Effects of

CLIMATE

CHANGE

EXPOSES

PEOPLE

Hunger

Drought

Typhoon

Flood, and other adverse occurrences as well as the extinction of a large number

of animals, marine life and plant species

PHILIPPINES: A DISASTER PRONE COUNTRY- WHY?

Devastation suppresses human spirit and degrades the physical environment

and inflict casualties.

It gives us the opportunity to review, revise policies and plan for a

Resilient and Sustainable Philippines.

1. LOCATION

2. CLIMATE CHANGE

The Conditions Brought About By Climate Change Affects

Sustainable Development

The Effects of Climate Change has a Disastrous Impact on Housing,

Settlement and People

Earth’s capacity to create its

natural resources Humanity

needed to consume in a year

Humanity uses the equivalent of

1.5 planets to provide the

resources needed to use and

absorb our waste.

Human Population projected to use

150% of Earth’s Resources generated in

a year.

UNDERSTANDING CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE IS

ATTRIBUTED TO HUMAN

ACTIVITY

ANTHROPOGENIC in NATURE

and

RESULT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY

According to Global Footprint Network’s

calculations, our demand for renewable

ecological resources and the services they provide is now equivalent to that of

more than 1.5 Earths

Country

Annual

CO2

emissions (in thousands

of tonnes)

% of

world

emissions

Source

World 29,888,121 100% UN Estimate

China 7,031,916 23.5% UN Estimate

United

States 5,461,014 18.27% UN Estimate

European

Union 4,177,817 13.98% UN Estimate

India 1,742,698 5.83% UN Estimate

Russia 1,708,653 5.72% UN Estimate

Japan 1,208,163 4.04% UN Estimate

Germany 786,660 2.63% UN Estimate

Canada 544,091 1.82% UN Estimate

Iran 538,404 1.8% UN Estimate

The Philippines is number 44th with 85, 157 with

an annual CO2 emissions (In thousands of tonnes)

THE COST OF ECOLOGICAL

OVERSPENDING

CAUSE AND EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

CAUSES

DISASTER Droughts, Cyclones

Flood, Tsunami,

Sea Level Rise,

Monsoon

Disturbances

AFFECTS

FOOD

SECURITY Farming and Fishing

Failure

AFFECTS

HEALTH and

WELL-BEING Malnutrition,

Disease, Famine

RESULTS TO: Death, Economic

Loss, Bio-

Diversity Loss

‘Living within ecological limits is the non-negotiable

basis for our social and economic development’

EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE Illustration s of the Adverse effects of Climate Change

TRIANGLE OF CHANGE

PEOPLE

BUSINESS GOVERNMENT

A coordinated approach can create opportunities and accelerate change.

The solutions are eco-efficient, adaptive, holistically resilient consumer’s

lifestyles related to products and services.

products and

services people

use, and the

infrastructure

available,

link government

with business

and people

Change should start from

where the people are;

The overall impact on the

environment depends

on:

-how we run our homes

-the food we eat

-how we get around

-how we disposed of our

waste

-how to be adaptable in

times of disaster

-how to be resilient

At the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development

(Rio+20) in June 2012, countries agreed to adopt the 10-Year

Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and

Production (10YFP).

The 10 YFP includes an initial list of five programs to be developed

under the Framework, the initial list includes:

The world needs to produce goods and services more efficiently,

using fewer resources and generating less waste and pollution.

-Consumer information -Sustainable lifestyles and education

-Sustainable public procurement -Sustainable buildings and construction

-Sustainable tourism, including ecotourism

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

The circle of sustainability can be disrupted by disasters- both manmade and the adverse effects of climate change

We need to recognize uncertainties about the future, go beyond the short time scales of current policies if we want to address seriously the sustainability of our consumption and production.

We do this by exchanging good eco-efficient- green practices.

Hindrances to Sustainable Development of the Philippines

Data and statistics show

-(year 1980-2010)- there were 363 natural disasters

(earthquakes ,storms and floods)

- over 32,956 casualties, averaging over a thousand per year. Prevention Web

Affected population - 116M in a span of 30 years,

- average 3,748,788 persons per year.

average economic damages- to about 10 billion pesos per year.

The recent Typhoon Haiyan

killed 6,300 people

injured over 28,000 with still, over 1,000 missing. (Prevention Web)

But there are other questions…. What about the other cost? Social Cost? Environmental Cost?

WE SHOULD ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE!

RESULT TO:

(IT COVERS THE ISSUES ABOUT THE

ENVIRONMENT, SOCIO-ECONOMIC,

HEALTH AND SANITATION, POPULATION,

SECURITY,FOOD SUFFICIENCY, STABLE &

ADAPTABLE SHELTER, DISASTER RISK

REDUCTION PROGRAMS, DISASTER

MANAGEMENT)

DESIGN APPROACH : it

must be INNOVATIVE and

RESILIENT + ADAPTABLE

+ Eco- Efficient and

SUSTAINABLE design

elements

translates into a resilient,

sustainable and adaptive

DESIGN ELEMENTS with

Eco-efficient green design

elements. With emergency

structural component

(EMERGENCY-

HUMANITARIAN- design)

HOLISTIC

SUSTAINABLE AND

RESILIENT Design

of

INFRASTRUCTURE

PROPOSED GREEN SCHOOL DIMENSIONS

Urban Rural Lowland Mobile Emergency

M MULTIPLICITY OF FUNCTION : Shelter/Refuge Center, Emergency Shelter Community

Promotions, Trade Fairs

U UNIVERSALITY

S SUSTAINABILITY: Rainwater Harvesting for Building Use like Toilet Facilities, Organic

farming/ Gardening, Inland Fish Farm, Recycling, Composting

A ADAPTABILITY: Climate Change Effects, Different Geological Conditions

G GREEN: Reduced Energy Demand and Energy Use, Reduced Ecological Footprint

Reduce Green House Gas Emissions, Proper Waster Management

Appropriate use of locally available building materials

E EDUCATIONAL: School that teaches School with Environment as an

Interactive Tool for teaching

KEY FEATURES

URBAN SCHOOL DIMENSION

RURAL DIMENSION

MOBILE DIMENSION

RETRO-FITTED VANS

LOWLANDS DIMENSION

EMERGENCY DIMENSION COLLAPSIBLE DIMENSION

COLLAPSIBLE, LIGHTWEIGHT, MODULAR, SUSTAINABLE

4 CHAMBER SEPTIC TANK + REED BED + POND

4 TYPES COMPOSITE WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEM

4 CHAMBER SEPTIC TANK PLAN

SECTION

4 CHAMBER SEPTIC TANK + REED BED + SEEPAGE PIT

REED BED PLAN

SECTION

WASTE and WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT OUR PROPOSAL

4 CHAMBER SEPTIC TANK + FILTRATION BOXES + SEEPAGE PIT

FILTRATION BOX PLAN

USE THE COMBINATION of 4 CHAMBERS

SEPTIC TANK + FILTRATION BOXES +

SEEPAGE PIT + REED BED + POND

WASTE WATER TREATMENT

STOP SEEPAGE PIT- SUMP

PIT- FILTRATION BOXES PROJECT LOCATION: MARY QUEEN OF

HEAVEN MISSIONARIES; CENTER FOR

PROSTITUTED WOMEN AND CHILDREN

4 CHAMBER SEPTIC TANK is designed as an onsite wastewater treatment system that purifies the building’s waste (effluent). The effluent consists of black water (toilet wastes) and grey water (kitchen sink and laundry wastes).

CONSTRUCTED REED BED can be added as a method of removing pollutants from grey water. A 'green' water treatment technology, which is sustainable and reduces operational costs compared to a conventional biological effluent treatment system.

SEEPAGE PIT. A waste water treatment when reed beds/ponds are not applicable. It is a large pit with porous masonry block to support the walls and a gravel bed . Effluent from septic tank and enters a seepage pit where it is temporarily stored until it gradually seeps through the walls and into the soil.

RAINWATER RUNOFF CONTAINMENT SYSTEM FOR SLOPING PROFILE

COMPOSITE SYSTEM-A SERIES OF CATCHMENTS + DRAINAGE STOPS + CISTERNS + RAINWATER HOLDING

SECTIONS BEFORE RAINWATER RELEASE

RESILIENCY+ FLEXIBILITY

+ MULTIPLICITY

We need to understand the impact of climate change

and its impact on the built environment.

Define the Functional

Intention (Building Type)

and Incorporate

Green / Resilient /

Adaptable Design

Elements

and translated into

Sustainable-adaptable,

Emergency and

Humanitarian Structure

MULTIPLICITY AND FLEXIBILITY OF FUNCTION

for Multiple

Functional Usage of a

Structure

Schools may be Converted to Emergency Shelter or Library or a Community Resource Centre

leads to flexibility and

multiple usage

Our Design Approach

MULTI-FUNCTIONAL USAGE and INTENTIONS

Climate Change Effects DRIVER

What is RESILIENCE?

Adaptation to climate change is a response that seeks to reduce the

vulnerability to climate change effects.

• Resilience is the capacity to bounce back after a disturbance or

interruption at various levels —individuals, households, communities,

and regions. Through resilience we can maintain liveable conditions in

the event of natural disasters, loss of power, or other interruptions in

normally available services.... Resilience Design Institute

We need to understand the impact of climate change

and its impact on the built environment

RESILIENCE:

THE NEW DRIVER OF SUSTAINABILITY- LIVING THE FUTURE

Resilient design: is the intentional design of buildings, landscapes,

communities, and regions in response to the these vulnerabilities.

What is Resilient Design?

Resilient Infrastructure Design Components are;

We need to integrate environmental sustainability and resilience into

low cost building codes, designs and construction, and in designing

holistic resilient buildings

Incorporate Climate

change adaptable design

elements (typhoon and

earthquake resistance

design)

Sustainable and

eco –efficient

design elements

Resilient

Infrastructure

Design

There is a need to address the adverse effects of manmade and natural

disasters and one of the most effective tool is to design and build

resilient and sustainable (eco-efficient) infrastructures

• Protect the Ecosystem • Emissions Reduction • Improve Air and Water Quality • Water Conservation

• Reduce Waste Streams • Conserve and Restore Natural Resources

• Waste Reduction • Temperature Moderation

• Storm Water Management

Brings about a Healthy and Productive Society Improves the user’s health, comfort, productivity and increases indoor

environmental conditions.

The whole purpose behind sustainable building is to preserve our

environment and avoid the depletion of the earth’s natural resources.

THE BENEFITS OF HOLISTIC RESILIENT ECO-EFFICIENT /

ADAPTABLE STRUCTURE

• Improve Occupants Comfort and Health • Create an Aesthetically Pleasing Environment • Minimizes Strain on Local Infrastructure • Increases Occupants Overall Morale • Improves Worker Productivity

1. ENVIRONMENT Helps Sustain the Environment and Mitigate Climate Change Effects

2. SOCIAL and HEALTH

• Typhoon and earthquake resistant structure

• Additional resiliency component for

sustainable development

• Function as emergency and humanitarian shelter

during and after disaster

• limit the destructive impact of disasters in

reference to the physical environment

3. ECONOMIC BENEFITS

• Helps Aid in the Expansion of the “Green Market” • Reduce Operating Costs

• Optimizes the Life Cycle of the Building • Increases Property Value

• Improve Occupants Attendance and Productivity • Multiplier Effect of Cost Reduction

• Energy and Water Saving

• Lower Operational management budget

4. DISASTER RESISTANT CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTABLE STRUCTURE- Resilient structures

DEVELOPING DISASTER-RESILIENT, ECO-EFFICIENT, AND GREEN DESIGN for a HOLISTIC RESILIENT ECO-EFFICIENT INFRASTRUCTURE

POSITIVE ATTRIBUTES OF A RESILIENT DESIGN?

- Holistic Resilient Design considers durability and multi-hazard resistance in the built environment. upgraded –fortified standards to meet the demands of stresses of disaster.

- Resilient Design, coupled with sustainable design,

encourage the construction of higher-quality buildings and

infrastructure

Resilient – Sustainable Philippines DRIVER

DRIVER

DRIVER

A GUIDE FOR HOLISTIC RESILIENT SCHOOLS DESIGN ARCHITECTURAL PHILOSOPHIES, THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES:

Biomimicry Aerodynamic

Hydro Dynamics

acts as the conceptual basis

to be able to come up with a basic DESIGN ELEMENT for holistic eco-efficient resilient

The conceptual process addresses the fundamental structural system needed to address the issues of earthquake and typhoon resistance.

The consolidation of architectural philosophies

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Conceptual takeoff:

The Principles of;

- Biomimicry

-Aero Dynamic

-Hydrodynamic

(Fluid Dynamic)

RESILIENT,

ECO-EFFICIENT

GREEN DESIGN

HOLISTIC

RESILIENT

ECO-EFFICIENT

STRUCTURE

CONCEPT

Resiliency Concepts Developed by Koradesigngroup

Design Development Conceptual Flow

We envisioned the idea of having a structure that is of a “holistic, Resilient, eco-efficient and sustainable in the light of successive disaster that struck the Philippines

1. SUSTAINABLE

2. GREEN DESIGN + UNIVERSAL DESIGN

3. RESISTANT TO TYPHOONS and EARTHQUAKES

4. Eco-efficient in Water and Energy

THE IDEA:

HOLISTIC-Eco-efficient - Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure shall exhibit the following design elements ;

5. Innovative

•Biomimicry

•(Structural frame)- The analogy of a human structure that carries the bulk of the

load which the upper body considering other factors such as movement and

other stresses.

•All these can translated into the building’s structural system. The result will be a resilient

structural system with extra strength gaps to handle the effects of earthquakes and

typhoons inclusive of wind, seismic and flooding.

ARCHITECTURAL PHILOSOPHIES, THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES:

The philosophy of biomimicry always takes into account nature as

reference in design performance. It is an ecological approach in

design to improve building disaster resilience. It is anchored on how

nature reacts to pressures and relate this to infrastructure

• Aerodynamics as a branch of

dynamics concerned with studying

the motion of air, particularly when it

interacts with a solid object, ……wikipedia

• Aerodynamics

• Aerodynamics guides the formulation of form design, roof and plan

configuration. A tool in conceptualization of form and shape where there is less drag, allow wind and air to flow and ventilate.

Hydrodynamics (Fluid Dynamics) In physics, fluid dynamics is the natural science of

fluids in motion…… Wikipedia

•Hydrodynamics

•Water flow behavioral character guides the designer in formulating

flood resistant and tsunami resistant design element and that includes

form and layout of horizontal planes like raised flooring to allow water to flow,

thereby protecting the users as well as the structure.

•Earthquake Resistant Concepts •Referring to performance based process of design

where it involves evaluation of performance during

hazards events, disasters both natural and manmade,

calamities and other conditions and the adverse effects

of climate change. The performance of structures and

buildings that survived previous disasters are very

important basis in formulating resilient design.

Structural Concepts Proposed by koradesigngroup •The proposed structural component will be derived from the structural system of “Gabaldon Schools”. Gabaldon School’s structural system composes of a series of short column pedestals aside from the main structural support which are the columns.

The structural foundation of “Gabaldon Schools” are of series of Column Pedestals

Guiding Principle of Holistic Eco-Efficient Green School

1. Structure should stand the test of time:

2. Resilient Design:

3. Emergency Resiliency & Disaster Preparedness functional capacities:

4. Flexible and adaptable in Spatial Function:

5. Universal Design:

6. Eco- efficient - Green Design:

7. Disaster Hazards, Typhoon and Earthquake Resistant:

8. Innovative Design:

HOLISTIC RESILIENT GREEN SCHOOLS DIMENSIONS RURAL URBAN LOWLAND

RURAL DIMENSION HOLISTIC RESILIENT GREEN SCHOOL

URBAN DIMENSION HOLISTIC RESILIENT GREEN SCHOOL

LOWLAND DIMENSION HOLISTIC RESILIENT GREEN SCHOOL

ACCEPTABILITY – APPLICABILITY- INNOVATIVENESS

THE QUESTION OF ACCEPTABILITY: Acceptability is always a question when

you deal and propose mitigating actions, solutions and interventions regarding housing, shelter, emergency and humanitarian actions and sustainable development.

Approaches 1. Socio-cultural/ Religious/ Historical + Economic Layers a. We must take into consideration the different socio-cultural layer in our society, b. The accepted elements in design to be inputted in the design and plan. The process must go into a series of consultation

2. Community based process (community participation) It must be community based process in the design. Taking inputs from the community or users incorporating these inputs in the design. It is partial that they decide for themselves to what plan they want and assisted by an architect.

Then there is a question of APPLICABILTY/ IS IT APPLICABLE? Is the solution applicable? Did they consider adaptability and sustainability issues? Or does the solution only stop there- housing. Is it adaptable to the effects of climate change Is it a healthy place to live in? Sanitation and waste management considered?

Capacity Building? Does the solution covers skills upgrading, technology transfer, livelihood issues considering the users’ sustainability in term of economic development, poverty alleviation, subsistence (daily needs) and daily existence

INNOVATIVENESS We must come up innovative solutions.

We must not limit ourselves with what is being acceptable and what is being applicable.

We must innovate to be able to solve and deal with present and future challenges. We cannot allow ourselves to stagnate and be dependent international humanitarian entities. We must progress and strive for the betterment of our society. We must look forward and formulate innovative solution. Innovativeness is one of the features of sustainable development

SUGGESTED POLICY POINTS:

POLICY GUIDELINES FOR GOVERNMENT AND POLICY MAKERS

1. That Government and the private sector work together in the upgrading of a

resilient building construction methods and system that will be appropriate

solutions in terms of disaster resistant capability.

2. Expand Accountability of Professionals

That policy makers shall ensure strict compliance and implementations of material specification, the general specification and instructions by expanded liability for professionals like Architects, Civil Engineers, Contractors and allied professionals related to the construction industry to ensure compliance

3. Office of the Building Official: strengthened power of the office of the building

official implementation standards and monitor workmanship of professionals.

4. Illegal construction: Strengthen illegal construction law and its implementation

system. Disseminate and implement anti-squatting ordinances and laws to

prevent illegal construction activities. Most illegal construction are of

sub-standard construction using sub-standard materials.

5. That Government and the private sector review- revise and upgrade existing

building codes and laws. Suggested resiliency and resistant ratings are;

A. SPECIFICS:

Earthquakes: there is a need to upgrade the earthquake resistance capacity to a

magnitude 9 and possible a much higher gap of magnitude 9.5 earthquakes. The

system of a seismic tolerable gap ensures an earthquake resistant safe structure.

Wind loads: Revise the design of Wind Zone II structures to withstand wind

velocity from 200 kph to 390 kph to 400 kph. The last recorded peak gust wind typhoon “Yolanda” was 380 kilometers per hour recorded in Samar-Leyte Area.

Universal Accessibility Design- Universal Design: Consider including the

universal accessibility design to replace current provisions cited in BP 344 to

enable PWD (Persons with Disability), elderly, children, and pregnant women

access to the public and private facilities.

Universal design are set of design system and standards created to be friendly and

functional to all ages, disability, gender, race and physical well being. This will allow

easy access in time of emergency to all gender

9. That policy maker support sustainable application waste water and waste water

management to protect our water sources and aquifers. That the government

shall institute measure regulations and implement programs and projects that

prevents the depletion of water resources.

Support sustainable application rain water runoff management to protect the

environment and prevent flooding.

10.The government promotes comprehensive retrofitting program to convert

government complex into green buildings for energy efficiency and promote

utilization of alternative energy resources.

8.That the policy makers and government promotes and support sustainable

Application of rain water to protect our water sources and resources, stressing the Benefit such as for emergency use, reduces run-off and erosion.

7. There is a need to strictly implement the law against the selling sub-

standard building materials and products. There should be strict monitoring

from the Government agency in charge as well as the private sector.

6. Upgrade and revise existing building construction system that will ensure

increased resistant capacity

Thank You! By: koradesigngroup

THANK YOU!